Makalah Sistem 3 Fasa

MAKALAH RANGKAIAN RANGKAIAN LISTRIK II “SISTEM 3 FASA”

Disusun oleh : 1. Sahron A Hasi!uan ". #ai$ Mua%%ar 3. Ani Ri$ho Lu!is &. 'a(an Suhen$ra

JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO FAKULTAS FAKULTAS TEKNI TE KNIK  K  UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN 2016

KATA PENGANTAR 

Puji syukur p!u"is p#!j#$k#! k %#&ir#$ Tu%#! y#!' M#%# Es# y#!' $"#% ("i(p#%k#! r#%(#$ &#! k#ru!i#)Ny# s%i!''# p!u"is &#p#$ (!y"s#ik#! (#k#"#% i!i* A&#pu! isi &#ri (#k#"#% y#!' &i susu! i!i #&#"#% $!$#!' Sis$( + F#s#* M#k#"#% i!i k#(i r!,#!#k#! ssu#i &!'#! $u'#s y#!' &i-rik#! ."% &.s! k#(i &#"#( (#$# ku"i#% R#!'k#i#! Lis$rik II* P!u"is (!y#&#ri -#%/# &i&#"#( (#k#"#% i!i (#si% -#!y#k $r&#p#$ kkur#!'#!  -#ik &#ri s'i $#$# p!u"is#! (#upu! &#ri s'i isi* U!$uk i$u p!u"is (!'%#r#pk#! #&#!y# s#r#!)s#r#! &#! kri$ik &#ri s(u# pi%#k 'u!# ((-#!'u! &#! (risi isi (#k#"#% ssu#i &!'#! y#!' &i%#r#pk#! -rs#(# s%i!''# (#k#"#% i!i &#p#$ &i/uju&k#! &!'#! -#ik* k#(i  p!yusu! (#k#"#% i!i (.%.! (## s-s#r)-s#r!y# #$#s k.rksi)k.rksi y#!' $"#% &i"#kuk#!* 3#" $rs-u$ s(#$#)(#$# #'#r (!j#&i su#$u #"u#si &#"#( p(-u#$#! (#k#"#% i!i* Mu&#%)(u&#%#! &!'#! #&#!y# p(-u#$#! (#k#"#% i!i &#p#$ ((-rik#! (#!##$  -rup# I"(u P!'$#%u#! y#!' -#ik -#'i p!u"is (#upu! -#'i p#r# p(-#,#*

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DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ********************************************************************************************************* DAFTAR ISI *********************************************************************************************************************** 4A4 I PENDA3ULUAN A*L#$#r -"#k#!' ********************************************************************************************************* 4* Ru(us#! (#s#"#% *************************************************************************************************** 5* Tuju#! ********************************************************************************************************************* 4A4 II PEM4A3ASAN A* P!'r$i#! sis$( + #s# ****************************************************************************************** 4* Arus !$r#" p#&# sis$( + #s# ********************************************************************************* 5* R#!'k#i#! "is$rik + #s# ******************************************************************************************* D* 3u-u!'#! -i!$#!' *************************************************************************************************** E* 3u-u!'#! S'i$i'# ************************************************************************************************** 4A4 III PENUTUP A* Ksi(pu"#! ************************************************************************************************************* DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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i ii 1 1 1 2  7 6 7 8

BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang

P#&# &#s#r!y# #&# &u# (#,#( %u-u!'#! y#!' -i#s# &i'u!#k#! p#&# sis$( $i'# #s# 9$ru$#(# p#&#  --#! y#!' si(-#!':* 3u-u!'#! $rs-u$ #&#"#% %u-u!'#! -i!$#!' 9;: &#! %u-u!'#! &"$# 9<:* P#&# sis$( $!#'# "is$rik + #s i&#"!y# &#y#"is$rik y#!' &i-#!'ki$k#! &is#"urk#! &#! &isr#p ."% --#! s(u#!y# si(-#!' Pp(-#!'ki$#! = P p(#k#i! &#! ju'# p#&# $'#!'#! y#!' si(-#!'* P#&# $'#!'#!y#!' si(-#!' $r&iri &#ri $'#!'#! 1 #s y#!' ((pu!y#i (#'!i$u& &#! rku!siy#!' s#(# $$#pi #!$#r# 1 #s &!'#! y#!' "#i!!y# ((pu!y#i -&# #s s-s#r 120 &r#j#$*

B. Rumusan Masalah

1* Ap# i$u sis$( + F#s# > 2* Ap# s#j# %u-u!'#! sis$( + #s#>

. Tu!uan

U!$uk (!'$#%ui r#!'k#i#! sis$( $i'# #s# &#! %u-u!'#! ? %u-u!'#! p#&# r#!'k#i#! sis$( $i'# #s#*

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BAB II PEMBAHASAN

A. Pengert"an S"stem # Fasa

P#&# is$i"#% u(u( &i I!&.!si# sis$( +)p%#s i!i "-i% #(i"i#r &!'#! !#(# sis$( R)S)T* k#r!# ((#!' u(u(!y# (!''u!#k#! si(-." @R @S  @T u!$uk $i#p p!'%#!$#r  p%#s!y# sr$# si(-." @N u!$uk p!'%#!$#r !$r#"* Lis$rik +)p%#s #&#"#% "is$rik A5 9alternating current : y#!' (!''u!#k#! +  p!'%#!$#r y#!' ((pu!y#i $'#!'#! s#(# $$#pi -r-&# &#"#( su&u$ p%#s s-s#r 120 degree* A&# 2 (#,#( %u-u!'#! &#"#( k.!ksi + p!'%#!$#r $#&i B %u-u!'#! -i!$#!' 9@; #$#u s$#r: &#! %u-u!'#! &"$#* Ssu#i -!$uk!y# y#!' s#$u spr$i %uru @; &#! s#$u "#'i spr$i si(-." @&"$#* 3#(pir s"uru% prus#%##! p!y&i# $!#'# "is$rik (!''u!#k#! sis$( "is$rik +)  p%#s i!i* Sis$( i!i &iprk!#"k#! &#! &ip#$!k#! ."% Nik."# Ts"# p#&# $#%u! 1CC8 &#! 1CCC* Sis$( i!i s,#r# u(u( "-i% k.!.(is &#"#( p!'%#!$#r#! &#y# "is$rik &i-#!&i!' &!'#! sis$( 2)p%#s #$#u 1)p%#s &!'#! ukur#! p!'%#!$#r y#!' s#(#* K#r!# sis$( +)  p%#s &#p#$ (!'%#!$#rk#! &#y# "is$rik y#!' "-i% -s#r* D#! ju'# pr#"#$#! "is$rik y#!'  -s#r spr$i (.$.r)(.$.r "is$rik "-i% p./ru" &!'#! sis$( i!i* PLN (!'#p"ik#sik#! sis$( +)p%#s &#"#( ks"uru%#! sis$( k"is$rik#!!y# (u"#i &#ri p(-#!'ki$#! $r#!s(isi &#y# %i!''# sis$( &is$ri-usi* A'#r "-i% j"#s sis$( k"is$rik#! PLN s,#r# u(u( &i-#'i &#"#( + -#'i#! -s#r B 1* Sis$( P(-#!'ki$#! T!#'# Lis$rik Tr&iri &#ri p(-#!'ki$)p(-#!'ki$ "is$rik y#!' $rs-#r &i -r-#'#i $(p#$ &!'#!  j!is)j!is!y# #!$#r# "#i! y#!' ,ukup -#!y#k #&#"#% PLTA 9(!''u!#k#! su(-r $!#'# #ir: PLTU 9(!''u!#k#! su(-r -#$u-#r#: PLTG 9(!''u!#k#! su(-r &#ri '#s #"#(: &#! PLTGU 9(!''u!#k#! k.(-i!#si #!$#r# '#s #"#( &#! u#p:* P(-#!'ki$)p(-#!'ki$ $rs-u$ (!'u-#% su(-r)su(-r #"#( $#&i (!j#&i !r'i "is$rik*

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2* Sis$( Tr#!s(isi D#y# E!r'i "is$rik y#!' &i%#si"k#! &#ri -r-#'#i p(-#!'ki$ $#&i %#rus "#!'su!' &is#"urk#!* K#r!# !r'i "is$rik s-s#r i$u $i&#k -is# &isi(p#! &#"#( -#$r#i* K#r!# #k#!  -u$u% -#$r#i k#p#si$#s -s#r u!$uk (!yi(p#! !r'i s-s#r i$u &#! (!j#&i s#!'#$ $i&#k  k.!.(is* S-#'#i '#(-#r#! #,,u 12V&, &!'#! k#p#si$#s 70A% #k#! (!yi(p#! !r'i "is$rik (#ksi(#" kir#)kir# 600 #$$ u!$uk p(#k#i#! p!u% s"#(# 1 j#(* S&#!'k#! $.$#"  p(#k#i#! &#y# "is$rik u!$uk j#/#)-#"i -is# ("-i%i 17000 M 917000000000 #$$:* J#&i 4r#p# -s#r -#$r#i u!$uk p!yi(p#!#!!y#> U!$uk i$u"#% sup"#i !r'i "is$rik -rsi#$ %#rus ssu#i &!'#! pr(i!$##! s##$ i$u ju'# $i&#k #&# p!yi(p#!#!* K#r!# i$u sis$( $r#!s(isi &#y# "is$rik &i-#!'u! u!$uk  (!'%u-u!'k#! p(-#!'ki$)p(-#!'ki$ "is$rik y#!' $rs-#r $#&i &#! (!y#"urk#! "is$rik!y# "#!'su!' s##$ i$u ju'# k p"#!''#!)p"#!''#! "is$rik* S#"ur#! p!'%#!$#r#!!y# &ik!#" &!'#! !#(# SUTT 9S#"ur#! U&#r# T'#!'#! Ti!''i: SUTET 9S#"ur#! U&#r# T'#!'#! E$r# Ti!''i: &""* +* Sis$( Dis$ri-usi D#y# Lis$rik  D#ri sis$( $r#!s(isi &#y# $#&i "is$rik #k#! s#(p#i k p"#!''#!)p"#!''#!!y# 9$ru$#(# pru(#%#!: &!'#! $r"-i% &#%u"u ("#"ui G#r&u I!&uk &#! k(u&i#! G#r&u Dis$ri-usi* G#r&u I!&uk (!'#(-i" &#y# "is$rik &#ri sis$( $r#!s(isi &#! (!y#"urk#! k G#r&u)'#r&u &is$ri-usi y#!' $rs-#r k -r-#'#i &#r#% pru(#%#!* D#! &i &#"#( '#r&u &is$ri-usi $r&#p#$ $r#. &is$ri-usi y#!' (!y#"urk#! "is$rik "#!'su!' k ru(#%)ru(#% &!'#! ("/#$i JTR 9J#ri!'#! T'#!'#! R!&#%: y#!' -i#s#!y# &i$.p#!' ."% $i#!' "is$rik* Lis$rik  +)p%#s #&#"#% "is$rik A5 9#"$r!#$i!' ,urr!$: y#!' (!''u!#k#! + p!'%#!$#r y#!' ((pu!y#i $'#!'#! s#(# $$#pi -r-&# &#"#( su&u$ p%#s s-s#r 120 &'r* A&# 2 (#,#( %u-u!'#! &#"#( k.!ksi + p!'%#!$#r $#&i B %u-u!'#! -i!$#!' 9@; #$#u s$#r: &#! %u-u!'#! &"$#* Ssu#i -!$uk!y# y#!' s#$u spr$i %uru @; &#! s#$u "#'i spr$i si(-." @&"$#*

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Sis$( +)

P%#s 3u-u!'#!

4i!$#!'

&!'#! $'#!'#!

+C0220V G#(-#r #&#"#%  p%#s

&i#$#s

,.!$.% sis$( +) y#!'

&i%u-u!' -i!$#!'*

Ti$ik pr$(u#! &#ri (#si!')(#si!' p%#s &is-u$ &!'#! $i$ik !$r#"* Ti$ik !$r#" i!i (rup#k#! ,.((.! &#! $i&#k -r$'#!'#!* A&# 2 (#,#( $'#!'#! "is$rik y#!' &ik!#" &#"#( sis$( +)p%#s i!i B T'#!'#! #!$#r   p%#s 9Vpp B ."$#' p%#s $. p%#s #$#u #&# ju'# y#!' (!''u!#k#! is$i"#% V."$#' "i! $. "i!: &#! $'#!'#! p%#s k !$r#" 9Vp! B V."$#' p%#s $. !$r#" #$#u V."$#' "i! $. !$r#":* Sis$( $'#!'#! y#!' &ip#k#i p#&# '#(-#r &i-#/#% #&#"#% y#!' &i'u!#k#! PLN p#&# $r#. &is$ri-usi JTR 9+C0V220V: &!'#! $i$ik !$r#" &i$#!#%k#!*

B. Arus Netral $a%a s"stem #&$hase

S#"#% s#$u k#r#k$ris$rik sis$( +)p%#s #&#"#% -i"# sis$( +)p%#s $rs-u$ ((pu!y#i --#! y#!' si(-#!' (#k# -s#r#! #rus p%#s &i p!'%#!$#r R)S)T #k#! s#(# s%i!''# I! 9#rus !$r#": = 0 A(pr* 5.!$.%!y# p#&# '#(-#r &i#$#s B Mis#" k$i'# ru(#% $rs-u$ ((pu!y#i --#! y#!' i&!$ik si(-#!'* M#k# #rus !$r#" s-#'#i p!ju("#%#! &#ri k$i'# #rus p%#s $rs-u$ #k#! (!j#&i B Ir ' Is ' It ( In )* B"la +e+an se"m+ang maka Ir ( Is ( It %an In ( , Am$ere

P#&# pr#k$k!y# --#! si(-#!' &#ri k$i'# p%#s $#&i %#(pir (us$#%i" &i,#p#i* K#r!# --#! "is$rik s$i#p ru(#% -"u( $!$u i&!$ik* 4i"# $rj#&i k$i&#k si(-#!'#! --#! (#k# -s#r #rus "is$rik s$i#p p%#s $i&#k s#(#* Aki-#$!y# #rus !$r#" $i&#k "#'i s-s#r 0 A(pr* S(#ki! $i&#k si(-#!' --#!!y# (#k# #rus !$r#" #k#! s(#ki! -s#r*

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K#r!# si#$ #rus "is$rik #&#"#% "..p $r$u$up #'#r -is# (!'#"ir (#k# #rus !$r#" $#&i #k#! (!'#"ir k i!s$#"#si "is$rik (i"ik p"#!''#! &#! ("/#$i  grounding   sis$( u!$uk  (#suk k $#!#% y#!' #k%ir!y# (!'#"ir -#"ik k $i$ik 'r.u!&i!' $r#. k(u&i#! k(-#"i (#suk k i!s$#"#si "is$rik ru(#% &(iki#! s$rus!y#* #"#upu! p"#!''#! "is$rik $rs-u$ ((#$ik#! &#y# "is$rik y#!' (#suk k ru(#% &!'#! M54 &i k%)($r p#&# p.sisi @OFF  #rus !$r#" $$#p #k#! (!'#"ir*

. Rangka"an L"str"k # Fasa

R#!'k#i#! "is$rik + #s# (rup#k#! r#!'k#i#! "is$rik y#!' ((i"iki $i'# -u#% k"u#r#! si($ris &#! ((i"iki pr-&##! su&u$ u!$uk s$i#p #s#!y# s-s#r 1200* 4riku$ '#(-#r  &#ri '".(-#!' + #s#B

G#(-#r G".(-#!' Ti'# F#s#

D#ri '#(-#r &i#$#s $r"i%#$ -#%/# s$i#p #s# ((i"iki pr-&##! su&u$ &#! &i&#p#$k#! %u-u!'#! $'#!'#! u!$uk (#si!')(#si!' #s# s-#'#i -riku$ B V# = V(˂00 V - = V() )1200 V, =V( ) ) 200

4riku$ &i#'r#( #s.r &#ri $'#!'#! + #s# B

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G#(-#r Di#'r#( F#s.r T'#!'#! Arus y#!' (!'#"ir p#&# s$i#p --#! &i!y#$#k#! s-#'#i B  I =

V   R

P#&# r#!'k#i#! + #s# $r&#p#$ &u# j!is %u-u!'#! y#k!i %u-u!' -i!$#!' &#! %u-u!' &"$#* R#!'k#i#! + #s# %u-u!' &"$# (!''u!#k#! + k#/#$ y#k!i k#/#$ + #s# s&#!'k#!  p#&# r#!'k#i#! + #s# %u-u!' -i!$#!' (!''u!#k#!  k#/#$ + k#/#$ u!$uk #s# &#! 1 k#/#$ u!$uk !$r#"* Arus !$r#" p#&# r#!'k#i#! %u-u!' -i!$#!' (rup#k#! $i$ik %u-u!' #!$#r k$i'# #s#!y#* Arus !$r#" 9I!: (rup#k#! p!ju("#%#! #rus k$i'# #s#!y# k#r!# j#"ur !$r#" $rs-u$ &i"#"ui ."% k$i'# #s# y#!' #&#*

D. Hu+ungan B"ntang -/01e2

P#&# %u-u!'#! -i!$#!' 9; /y: uju!')uju!' $i#p #s &i%u-u!'k#! (!j#&i s#$u &#! (!j#&i $i$ik !$r#" #$#u $i$ik -i!$#!'* T'#!'#! #!$#r# &u# $r(i!#" &#ri $i'# $r(i!#" #)-), ((pu!y#i -s#r (#'!i$u& &#! -&# #s# y#!' -r-&# &!'#! $'#!'#! $i#p $r(i!#" $r%#&#p# $i$ik !$r#"* T'#!'#! V# V- &#! V, &is-u$ $'#!'#! @#s #$#u V*

G#(-#r 2*3u-u!'#! 4i!$#!' 9;/y:* D!'#! #&#!y# s#"ur#! $i$ik !$r#" (#k# -s#r#! $'#!'#! #s &i%i$u!' $r%#&#p s#"ur#!

$i$ik !$r#"!y# ju'# ((-!$uk sis$( $'#!'#! + #s y#!' si(-#!' &!'#!

(#'!i$u&!y# 9#k#r + &ik#"i (#'!i$u& &#ri $'#!'#! #s:* V"i! = #k#r + V#s = 18+V#s S&#!'k#! u!$uk #rus y#!' (!'#"ir p#&# s(u# #s ((pu!y#i !i"#i y#!' s#(# ILi! = I  #$#u I# = I- = I,*

+

E. Hu+ungan Seg"t"ga

P#&# %u-u!'#! s'i$i'# 9&"$#  D: k$i'# #s s#"i!' &i%u-u!'k#! s%i!''# ((-!$uk %u-u!'#! s'i$i'# + #s*

G#(-#r +* 3u-u!'#! S'i$i'# 9&"$#  D:*

D!'#! $i&#k #&#!y# $i$ik !$r#" (#k# -s#r!y# $'#!'#! s#"ur#! &i%i$u!' #!$#r #s k#r!#

$'#!'#! s#"ur#! &#! $'#!'#! #s# ((pu!y#i -s#r (#'!i$u& y#!' s#(# (#k#B

V"i! = V#s T$#pi #rus s#"ur#! &#! #rus #s# $i&#k s#(# &#! %u-u!'#! #!$#r# k&u# #rus $rs-u$ &#p#$ &ipr."% &!'#! (!''u!#k#! %uku( kir,%. s%i!''#B I"i! = #k#r + I#s = 18+I#s*

1* D#y# sis$( + #s P#&# 4-#! y#!' Si(-#!' Ju("#% &#y# y#!' &i-rik#! ."% su#$u '!r#$.r + #s #$#u &#y# y#!' &isr#p ."%  --#! + #s &ipr."% &!'#! (!ju("#%k#! &#y# &#ri $i#p)$i#p #s* P#&# sis$( y#!' si(-#!' &#y# $.$#" $rs-u$ s#(# &!'#! $i'# k#"i &#y# #s k#r!# &#y# p#&# $i#p)$i#p #s!y# s#(#*

,

G#(-#r * 3u-u!'#! 4i!$#!' &#! S'i$i'# y#!' s i(-#!'* Jik# su&u$ #!$#r# #rus &#! $'#!'#! #&#"#% s-s#r H (#k# -s#r!y# &#y# pr#s# #&#"#% B P#s = V#s*I#s*,.s H S&#!'k#! -s#r!y# $.$#" &#y# #&#"#% p!ju("#%#! &#ri -s#r!y# &#y# $i#p #s &#! &#p#$ &i$u"isk#! &!'#! PT = +*V*I*,.s H P#&# %u-u!'#! -i!$#!' k#r!# -s#r!y# $'#!'#! s#"ur#! #&#"#% 18+ V#s (#k# $'#!'#! pr#s#!y# (!j#&i V"i!18+ &!'#! !i"#i #rus s#"ur#! s#(# &!'#! #rus #s IL = I (#k# &#y# $.$#" 9PT.$#": p#&# r#!'k#i#! %u-u!' -i!$#!' 9;: #&#"#%B PT = +*VL18+*IL*,.s H = 18+*VL*IL*,.s H D#! p#&# %u-u!' s'i$i'# &!'#! -s#r#! $'#!'#! "i! y#!' s#(# &!'#! $'#!'#! #s#!y# VL = V#s# &#! -s#r#! #rus!y# I"i! = 18+I#s s%i!''# #rus pr#s#!y# (!j#&i IL18+ (#k# &#y# $.$#" 9P$.$#": p#&# r#!'k#i#! s'i$i'# #&#"#%B PT = +*IL18+*VL*,.s H = 18+*VL*IL*,.s H

-

D#ri prs#(##! $.$#" &#y# p#&# k&u# j!is %u-u!'#! $r"i%#$ -#%/# -s#r!y# &#y#  p#&# k&u# j!is %u-u!'#! #&#"#% s#(# y#!' ((-&#k#! %#!y# p#&# $'#!'#! krj# &#! #rus y#!' (!'#"iri!y# s#j# &#! -r"#ku p#&# k.!&isi --#! y#!' si(-#!'*

2* D#y# sis$( + #s p#&# --#! y#!' $i&#k si(-#!' Si#$ $rp!$i!' &#ri p(--#!#! y#!' si(-#!' #&#"#% ju("#% p%#s.r &#ri k$i'# $'#!'#! #&#"#% s#(# &!'#! !." -'i$upu"# &!'#! ju("#% p%#s.r &#ri #rus p#&# k$i'# #s  ju'# s#(# &!'#! !."* Jik# i(p&#!si --#! &#ri k$i'# #s $i&#k s#(# (#k# ju("#% p%#s.r  &#! #rus !$r#"!y# 9I!: $i&#k s#(# &!'#! !." &#! --#! &ik#$#k#! $i&#k si(-#!'* K$i&#k  si(-#!'#! --#! i!i &#p#$ s#j# $rj#&i k#r!# %u-u!' si!'k#$ #$#u %u-u!' $r-uk# p#&#  --#!* D#"#( sis$( + #s #&# 2 j!is k$i&#k si(-#!'#! y#i$uB 1* K$i&#k si(-#!'#! p#&# --#!* 2* k$i&#k si(-#!'#! p#&# su(-r "is$rik 9su(-r &#y#:* K.(-i!#si &#ri k&u# k$i&#k si(-#!'#! s#!'#$"#% ru(i$ u!$uk (!,#ri p(,#%#!  pr(#s#"#%#!!y# ."% k#r!# i$u k#(i %#!y# #k#! ((-#%#s (!'!#i k$i&#k si(-#!'#!  --#! &!'#! su(-r "is$rik y#!' si(-#!'*

G#(-#r 7* K$i&#k si(-#!'#! --#! p#&# sis$( + #s*



P#&# s##$ $rj#&i '#!''u#! s#"ur#! !$r#" p#&# %u-u!'#! -i!$#!' #k#! $r#"iri #rus "is$rik* K$i&#k si(-#!'#! --#! p#&# sis$( + #s &#p#$ &ik$#%ui &!'#! i!&ik#si !#ik!y# #rus p#&# s#"#%s#$u #s &!'#! $i&#k /#j#r #rus p#&# $i#p #s ((pu!y#i pr-&##! y#!' ,ukup si'!iik#! %#" i!i &#p#$ (!y-#-k#! krus#k#! p#&# pr#"#$#!*

1/

BAB III PENUTUP

A. Kes"m$ulan

Lis$rik +)p%#s #&#"#% "is$rik A5 9alternating current : y#!' (!''u!#k#! +  p!'%#!$#r y#!' ((pu!y#i $'#!'#! s#(# $$#pi -r-&# &#"#( su&u$ p%#s s-s#r 120 degree* P#&# r#!'k#i#! + #s# $r&#p#$ &u# j!is %u-u!'#! y#k!i %u-u!' -i!$#!' &#! %u-u!' &"$#* R#!'k#i#! + #s# %u-u!' &"$# (!''u!#k#! + k#/#$ y#k!i k#/#$ + #s# s&#!'k#!  p#&# r#!'k#i#! + #s# %u-u!' -i!$#!' (!''u!#k#!  k#/#$ + k#/#$ u!$uk #s# &#! 1 k#/#$ u!$uk !$r#"* Arus !$r#" p#&# r#!'k#i#! %u-u!' -i!$#!' (rup#k#! $i$ik %u-u!' #!$#r k$i'# #s#!y#* Arus !$r#" 9I!: (rup#k#! p!ju("#%#! #rus k$i'# #s#!y# k#r!# j#"ur !$r#" $rs-u$ &i"#"ui ."% k$i'# #s# y#!' #&#*

R#!'k#i#! "is$rik + #s# (rup#k#! r#!'k#i#! "is$rik y#!' ((i"iki $i'# -u#% k"u#r#! si($ris &#! ((i"iki pr-&##! su&u$ u!$uk s$i#p #s#!y# s-s#r 1200 *

11

DAFTAR PUSTAKA %$$pB#"i&/i/*-".'sp.$*,.*i&p)-%#i.rur"&#u"$(".*%$(" %$$pB&u!i#)"is$rik*-".'sp.$*,.*i&20001sis$()+)#s#*%$(" %$$psBu"k#r!#i!*/.r&prss*,.(2010C02sis$()"is$rik)+)p%#s)#$#u)+)#s# %$$pB&.ku(!*$ips&.,u(!$ssis$()+)#s#)77#&+07,112*%$("

1"