PERLINDUNGAN HAM TERHADAP NARAPIDANA DI INDONESIA
Disusu susun n oleh : HARIS KUSUMAWARDANA KUSUMAWARDANA 11010111140569 HUKUM DAN HAM / KELAS B
FAKULTAS ILMU HUKUM UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO 2014 / 2015
I. PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Bea!a"#
All Human being are born free and equal in dignity and rights!" #$%in&# #'#l#h se%i#( )#nusi# 'il#hi$*#n )e$'e*# +,e,#s- '#n )e)(un&#i h#* &#n. s#)# en.#*u#n HAM &#n. %el#h 'i#*ui se#$# uni2e$s#l '#n 'i$u)us*#n '#l#) Universal Declaration of Human Rights +UDHR- ini )enun3u**#n ,#h# HAM )e$u(#*#n h#* #s#si &#n. )ele*#% (#'# 'i$i se%i#( )#nusi# %#n(# )e),e'#*#n 3enis *el#)in" u)u$" s%#%us" $#s" *e,#n.s##n" #%#u(un (e$,e'##n l#inn&# e$n&#%##n UDHR 'i #%#s )e$u(#*#n ($insi( un'#)en%#l '#$i (en.#*u#n HAM $insi( un'#)en%#l %e$se,u% h#$us ,en#$,en#$ 'i(#h#)i oleh se)u# (ih#* %#n(# %e$*eu#li H#l ini 'i*#$en#*#n *#$en# se%i#( o$#n. ,e$(o%ensi )el#n..#$ HAM" '#n se,#li*n&# se%i#( o$#n. 3u.# ,e$(o%ensi un%u* 'il#n..#$ HAMn&#" se*#li(un o$#n. %e$se,u% #'#l#h n#$#(i'#n# +(#$# (el#*u *e3#h#%#n- N#$#(i'#n# )e)#n. )e$u(#*#n seseo$#n. &#n. %el#h )el#n..#$ HAM o$#n. l#in" n#)un ,u*#n ,e$#$%i HAM &#n. )ele*#% (#'# 'i$in&# 'en.#n se$%# )e$%# hil#n. '#n 'i# ,oleh 'i(e$l#*u*#n se)en#)en# oleh (ih#* l#in .un# )ene,us se)u# (e$,u#%#n 3#h#%n&# H#* #s#si )#nusi# +HAM-" se$in. 'i.#),#$*#n se,#.#i )#s#l#h )o$#l &#n. ,e$si#% uni2e$s#l Se,#.i#n HAM i%u #'# &#n. ,e$si#% interaliable +%#* ,is# 'ilen&#(*#n-'#n unviolable +%#* ,is# 'i.#n..u .u.#%- HAM se)##) i%u 'ise,u% se,#.#i non-derogable human rights, &#i%u h#* 7h#* #s#si &#n. %i'#* '#(#% 'iin.*#$i #%#u 'il#n..#$ se*#li(un ne.#$# '#l#) *e#'##n internal unrest”, “civil war or ublic emergency” Be$*#i%#n 'en.#n non-derogable hu)#n $i.h%s" Mul#'i )e$ini ,e,e$#(# h#* 7 h#* &#n. %e$)#su* '#l#) *#%e.o$i h#* #s#si si#%n&# non-derogable #'#l#h se,#.#i ,e$i*u%: 1 a! right to life" 8 b! rohibition of torture" c! rohibition of slavery" 4 d! rohibition of inrisonment solely for inability to fulfill a contractual obligation" 5 e! rohibition of e#ost facto" 6 f! right to recognition as a erson by the law" and g! freedom of religion!
Be$%ol#* '#$i (e)#h#)#n non-derogable human rights 'i #%#s" n#$#(i'#n# se,#.#i seo$#n. &#n. 'i$#)(#s se,#.i#n h#*n&# %en%un&# %e%#( ,e$h#* )e)(e$oleh (e$lin'un.#n #%#s h#* h#* #s#sin&# &#n. ,e$si#% non-derogable se,#.#i)#n# &#n. %el#h 'i$ini oleh ($o Mul#'i Ken&#%##n &#n. %e$3#'i 3us%$u se,#li*n&#" 'i*#$en#*#n l#,el n#$#(i'#n#! &#n. )ele*#% (#'# 'i$in&# '#n 'i#n..#( se,#.#i o$#n. (es#*i%#n oleh se,#.i#n o$#n." )#*# seol#hol#h seo$#n. n#$#(i'#n# %i'#* )e)(un&#i h#* #(#(un ;in'#*#n se)en#)en# #%#u *e*e$#s#n )e)#n. $en%#n se*#li %e$3#'i %e$h#'#( %e$s#n.*#" %e$'#*# )#u(un n#$#(i'#n# D#l#) se3#$#h" (en#h#n#n )#nusi# un%u* *e(e$lu#n (e)e$i*s##n #%#u (e)i'#n##n n%u* %u3u#n (en.hu*u)#n 'i ne.#$# )#n#(un (e$n#h )en.#l#)i )#s#)#s# su$#) Ne.#$#ne.#$# E$o(# ,#$#%" '#l#) h#l ini %e$*en#l 'en.#n (en.hu*u)#n &#n. *e3#) %e$h#'#( (#$# (el#*u *e3#h#%#n" se(e$%i (enen..el#)#n hi'u( hi'u(" hu*u) ,#*#$" ,#h*#n hin..# #,#' *e 19" 'i Bel#n'# )#sih ,e$l#*u %in'#*#n )e),e$i #( (#'# %u,uh n#$#(i'#n# 'en.#n ,esi (#n#s &#n. )e),#$# Ben%u*,en%u* *e*e$#s#n se)##) )e)#n. %i'#* #'# '#l#) sis%e) (e)i'#n##n (#'# <#)#n )o'e$n s##% ini" %e$le,ih l#.i se3#* #'#n&# (e$.ese$#n %u3u#n (e)i'#n##n &#n. %i'#* l#.i 'io$ien%#si*#n (#'# (e),#l#s#n ,el#*#" )el#in*#n le,ih 'io$ien%#si*#n (e),in##n n#$#(i'#n# 'e)i %e$u3u'n&# $eh#,ili%#si '#n $esosi#lis#si N#)un" ,u*#n ,e$#$%i n#$#(i'#n# le(#s '#$i se.#l# ,en%u* *e*e$#s#n '#l#) (en3#$# ;in'#* *e*e$#s#n '#l#) ,en%u* l#in &#n. ,e$*e'o* (#'# $#n.*#i#n (e),in##n n#$#(i'#n# 3us%$u se$in.*#li %e$3#'i Ki%# )#sih in.#% ,e,e$#(# *#sus *e*e$#s#n &#n. )eni)(# ,e,e$#(# n#$#(i'#n#" se(e$%i *#sus #$is #n.#$i,u#n 'i )e'#n (#'# %#hun 1996" *#sus M#$sin#h" %3e%3e %#'3u'i" '#n *#sus l#inn&# Men.in.#% *on'isi n#$#(i'#n# &#n. $en%#n se*#li )en'#(#% %in'#*#n *e*e$#s#n sel#)# )en3#l#ni )#s# hu*u)#nn&#" )#*# se,#.#i )#nusi# &#n. 3u.# 'i#*ui e*sis%ensin&# oleh hu*u)" (#%u% *i$#n&# 'i,#h#s )en.en#i B#.#i)#n#*#h (e$lin'un.#n HAM &#n. 'i,e$i*#n oleh hu*u) *e(#'# (#$# n#$#(i'#n# B. Per$%$&a" Per%a&aa'a"
Be$%ol#* '#$i l#%#$ ,el#*#n. 'i #%#s" )#*# (enulis )e$u)us*#n (e$)#s#l#h#n se,#.#i ,e$i*u%: 1 A(#*#h s#3#*#h &#n. )en3#'i h#*h#* n#$#(i'#n# se,#.#i ,#.i#n '#$i HAM= 8 B#.#i)#n#*#h (e$lin'un.#n hu*u) %e$h#'#( HAM (#$# n#$#(i'#n# 'i In'onesi#=
II. PEMBAHASAN A. Ha! A&a&( Ma"$&(a )a" Per!e%*a"#a""+a
e),i#$##n 'en.#n )en.#n.*#% %o(i* H#* #s#si )#nusi# +HAM- 'e#s# ini )e)#n. seol#hol#h %i'#* (e$n#h #'# h#,isn&# B#.#i)#n# %i'#*" se3#* (e$is%i# (#lin. eno)en#l “Black Tuesday! %e$3#'i (#'# %#n..#l 11 Se(%e),e$ 8001" se)en3#* i%u l#h" %o(i* H#*h#* #s#si )#nusi# se)#*in )en'#(#% (e$h#%i#n *husus '#$i ,#n&#* *#l#n.#n" %e$u%#)# (#$# #*#'e)isi '#n ($#*%isi hu*u) Se,en#$n&# %o(i* )en.en#i H#* #s#si )#nusi# ,u*#n )e$u(#*#n %o(i* &#n. ,#$u en.#*u#n h#*h#* )#nusi# ,#h*#n %el#h #'# '#l#) ,e,e$#(# 'o*u)en In%e$n#sion#l #n%#$# l#in" '#l#) (i#.#) $agna %harta +%#hun 1815-" Habeas %orus Act +%#hun 169-" &ill 'f Rights +%#hun 16>9-" Di A)e$i*#" (#'# %#hun 16 )en&usun &ill of Rights +?i$.ini#-" *e)u'i#n 'i(e$%e.#s l#.i 'en.#n Declaration of (ndeendence 1>" Declaration des Droits de l)homme et du %itoyen * De*l#$#si H#*h#* M#nusi# '#n W#$.# Ne.#$# e$#nis (#'# %#hun 1>9- D#l#) (e$*e),#n.#n sel#n3u%n&#" (#'# %#hun 194> h#*h#* #s#si )#nusi# 'i#*ui se#$# In%e$n#sion#l 'en.#n 'i*elu#$*#nn&# De*l#$#si HAM se'uni# Sel#n3u%n&#" Mul#'i )en..#),#$*#n (e$*e),#n.#n HAM *e '#l#) +%i.# ,en%u*-" &#i%u: 1 (e$%#)#" HAM &#n. ,e$nu#ns# h#*h#* si(il '#n (oli%i*" se,#.#i)#n# &#n. %e$si$#% '#n %e$su$#% '#l#) '#l#) (i#.#n HAM uni2e$s#l BB 194>@ 8 Ke'u#" HAM &#n. ,e$*#i%#n 'en.#n h#*h#* e*ono)i" sosi#l" ,u'#&#" &#n. ,e$*e),#n. (#'# %#hun 1966@ Ke%i.#" HAM &#n. ,e$*#i%#n 'en.#n h#*h#* *ole*%i" &#n. 'i*e),#n.*#n (#'# %#hun 19>6 H#* #s#si )#nusi# )e$u(#*#n h#*h#* '#s#$ &#n. 'i,## )#nusi# se)en3#* l#hi$ se,#.#i #nu.e$#h ;uh#n #n. M#h# Es#" )#*# (e$lu 'i(#h#)i ,#h# HAM %e$se,u% %i'#*l#h ,e$su),e$ '#$i ne.#$# '#n hu*u)" %e%#(i s)#%#)#%# ,e$su),e$ '#$i ;uh#n se,#.#i (eni(%# #l#) se)es%# ,ese$%# isin&#" sehin..# (#'# ($insi(n&# HAM i%u %i'#* '#(#% 'i*u$#n.i oleh si#(#(un ,#h*#n oleh ne.#$#
Deinisi HAM 'i #%#s sen#'# 'en.#n 'einisi HAM &#n. 'i $u)us*#n '#l#) (#s#l 1 no)o$ 1 Un'#n.un'#n. HAM No)o$9 ;#hun 1999 #'#l#h: Se(e$#n.*#% h#* &#n. )ele*#% (#'# h#*i*#% *e,e$#'##n )#nusi# se,#.#i )#*hlu* ;uh#n ME '#n )e$u(#*#n #nu.e$#hN&# &#n. #3i, 'iho$)#%i" 'i3un3un. %in..i '#n 'ilin'un.i oleh ne.#$#" hu*u)" (e)e$in%#h '#n se%i#( o$#n. 'e)i *eho$)#%#n se$%# (e$lin'un.#n h#$*#% '#n )#$%#,#% )#nusi#! H#*h#* '#s#$ )#nusi# &#n. )e$u(#*#n #nu.e$#h ;uh#n ME '#n )ele*#% (#'# 'i$i se%i#( )#nusi# )enu$u% *onse( hu*u) #l#) %e$'i$i #%#s: the right to life, the right to liberty, '#n the right to roerty Ke)u'i#n" (#'# %#hun 1941" $#n*lin D Roose2el% )eno$)ul#si*#n e)(#% )##) HAM" &#i%u: 1 +! reedom of seech" 8 ! reedom of Religion" .! reedom from fear" 4 reedom for want D#l#) Universal Declaration of Human Rights +De*l#$#si Uni2e$s#l H#*h#* As#si M#nusi#- 194> %e$#n%u) h#*h#* &#n. (#lin. )en'#s#$ &#n. %i'#* '#(#% 'i(is#h*#n '#$i )#nusi# +unalienable rights of all members of human family-" &#i%u : h#* #%#s (en.hi'u(#n '#n *esel#)#%#n ($i,#'i +(#s#l - L#$#n.#n %en%#n. (en.h#),##n" (e$,u'#*#n '#n (e$'#.#n.#n ,u'#* +(#s#l 4- L#$#n.#n )en3#%uh*#n (e$l#*u#n #%#u (i'#n# &#n. #ni#&# '#n *e3#) +(#s#l 5- H#* #%#s (en.#*u#n hu*u) +(#s#l 6- H#* #%#s (e$s#)##n 'i h#'#(#n hu*u) '#n #%#s non'is*$i)in#si '#l#) (e),e$l#*u#nn&# +(#s#l - H#* #%#s (e)ulih#n +(#s#l >- L#$#n.#n %e$h#'#( (en#n.*#(#n"(en#h#n#n #%#u (en.#sin.#n &#n. seen#n.en#n. +(#s#l 9- H#* #%#s (en.#'il#n &#n. #'il +(#s#l 10- $#'u.# %#*,e$s#l#h '#n l#$#n.#n %e$h#'#( hu*u) e# ost facto+(#s#l 11- H#* )e)ili*i *e#$.#ne.#$##n +(#s#l 16- H#* un%u* )e)ili*i *e*#&##n +(#s#l 1- Ke,e,#s#n ,e$i*i$" ,e$h#%i nu$#ni '#n ,e$#.#)# +(#s#l 1>- Ne.#$# se,#.#i le),#.# *e*u#s##n %e$%in..i )e)(un&#i *e#3i,#n un%u* )elin'un.i H#* As#si M#nusi# +HAM- #$.#n&# )el#lui s#$#n# hu*u) &#n. %e$in%e.$#si*#n '#l#) un'#n. un'#n. HAM N#$#(i'#n# se,#.#i )#nusi# '#n #$.# ne.#$# 3u.# ,e$h#* #%#s (e$lin'un.#n hu*u) #%#s h#*h#*n&# Men.en#i h#l ini 'i%e.#s*#n '#l#) (#s#l 18 Universal Declaration of Human Rights &#n. )ene%#(*#n" ,#h#: “no one sub/ected to arbitrary interference with his rivacy, family, or corresondence, or to attac0s uon his honour and reutation, every one has the right to the rotection of the law against such interference or attac0” *garis bawah oleh enulis1!
H#* #%#s (e$lin'un.#n hu*u) ,#.i n#$#(i'#n# 3u.# 'i$u)us*#n '#l#) (#s#l #&#% +8Un'#n.un'#n. 9 ;#hun 1999 ;en%#n. H#* As#si M#nusi#" &#n. ,e$,un&i se,#.#i ,e$i*u%: se%i#( o$#n. ,e$h#* #%#s (en.#*u#n" 3#)in#n" (e$lin'un.#n '#n (e$l#*u#n hu*u) &#n. #'il se$%# )en'#(#% *e(#s%i#n hu*u) '#n (e$l#*u#n &#n. s#)# 'i 'e(#n hu*u)! Sel#n3u%n&#" 'i(e$%e.#s *e),#li '#l#) (#s#l 5 #&#% +1-" &#n. ,e$,un&i se,#.#i ,e$i*u%: se%i#( o$#n. 'i#*ui se,#.#i )#nusi# ($i,#'i" &#n. ,e$h#* )enun%u% '#n )e)(e$oleh (e$l#*u#n se$%# (e$lin'un.#n &#n. s#)# sesu#i 'en.#n )#$%#,#% *e)#nusi##nn&# 'i 'e(#n hu*u)! #s#l #&#% +8- '#n (#s#l 5 #&#% +1- Un'#n.un'#n. HAM 'i #%#s 'en.#n 3el#s '#n %e.#s )en.#*ui (e$s#)##n h#* '#n (e$l#*u#n se$%# (e$lin'un.#n 'i )#%# hu*u) Ke%en%u#n %e$se,u% ,e$l#*u un%u* se)u# o$#n. %#n(# %e$*eu#li" ,#i* i%u o$#n. ,#i*,#i* )#u(un n#$#(i'#n# Den.#n ,e$'#s#$*#n *e%en%u#n 'i #%#s" )#*# %e$h#'#( se%i#( ,en%u* (en&i*s##n" (en.#ni#&##n" #%#u %in'#* *e*e$#s#n #(#(un" n#$#(i'#n# )e)(un&#i h#* &#n. s#)# 'i )#%# hu*u) un%u* 'ilin'un.i '#n )enun%u% *e#'il#n #%#s *e$u.i#n &#n. 'i'e$i%#n&# B. Ha!,Ha! Nara-()a"a
N#$#(i'#n# )enu$u% (#s#l 1 no)o$ " Un'#n.un'#n. No)o$ 18 ;#hun 1995 )e$u(#*#n %e$(i'#n# &#n. )en3#l#ni (i'#n# hil#n. *e)e$'e*##n 'i LAAS +Le),#.# e)#s&#$#*#%#n- Se(e$%i h#ln&# )#nusi# (#'# u)u)n&#" seo$#n. n#$#(i'#n# )e)(un&#i h#* &#n. s#)# )es*i(un se,#.i#n h#*h#*n&# un%u* se)en%#$# 'i$# )(#s oleh ne.#$# A'#(un h#*h#* n#$#(i'#n# &#n. 'i$#)(#s oleh ne.#$# un%u* se)en%#$# ,e$'#s#$*#n De*l#$#si HAM BB 194>" &#i%u: 1 h#* #%#s *e,e,#s#n ,e$.e$#* '#n ,e$'i#) 'i '#l#) lin.*un.#n ,#%#s,#%#s %i#( ne.#$# +(#s#l 1 #&#% +1--@ 8 h#* )enin..#l*#n su#%u ne.#$#" %e$)#su* ne.#$#n&# sen'i$i +(#s#l 1
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h#* )en.e)u*#*#n (en'#(#%" )en#$i" )ene$i)# '#n )e),e$i ino$)#si +(#s#l 19-@ 4 *e,e,#s#n ,e$*u)(ul '#n ,e$se$i*#% +(#s#l 80-@ 5 h#* )e)ilih '#n 'i(ilih +(#s#l 81-@ 6 3#)in#n sosi#l +(#s#l 88-@ h#* )e)ilih (e*e$3##n +(#s#l 8-@ > h#* )ene$i)# u(#h &#n. l#&#* '#n li,u$#n +(#s#l 84-@
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'ih#'#(#n hu*u)" '#n h#* un%u* %i'#* 'i%un%u% #%#s '#s#$ hu*u) &#n. ,e$l#*u su$u% #'#l#h HAM &#n. %i'#* '#(#% 'i*u$#n.i '#l#) *e#'##n #(#(un '#n oleh si#(#(un! H#*h#* As#si )#nusi# &#n. %el#h %e$se,u% 'i #%#s" *e)u'i#n 'i3#,#$*#n l#.i '#l#) (#s#l 14 Un'#n.un'#n. No)o$ 18 ;#hun 1995 %en%#n. e)#s&#$#*#%#n" &#i%u: 1 )el#*u*#n i,#'#h sesu#i 'en.#n #.#)# #%#u *e(e$#&##n@ 8 )en'#(#% (e$##%#n" ,#i* (e$##%#n $oh#ni )#u(un 3#s)#ni@ )en'#(#%*#n (en'i'i*#n '#n (en.#3##n@ 4 )en'#(#%*#n (el#&#n#n *eseh#%#n '#n )#*#n#n &#n. l#&#*@ 5 )en'#(#%*#n ,#h#n ,###n '#n )en.i*u%i si#$#n )e'i# )#s## l#inn&# &#n. %i'#* l#$#n.#n@ 6 )en'#(#% u(#h #%#u ($e)i #%#s (e*e$3##n &#n. 'il#*u*#n@ )ene$i)# *un3un.#n *elu#$.#" (en#seh#% hu*u) #%#u o$#n. %e$%en%u l#inn&#@ > )en'#(#% (en.u$#n.#n )#s# (i'#n# +$e)isi-@ 9 )en'#(#%*#n *ese)(#%#n ,e$#si)il#si %e$)#su* u%i )en.un3un.i *elu#$.#@ 10 )en'#(#%*#n (e),e,#s#n ,e$s&#$#%@ 11 )en'#(#%*#n u%i )en3el#n. ,e,#s@ 18 )en'#(#%*#n h#*h#* l#in sesu#i 'en.#n (e$#%u$#n (e$un'n#.un'#n.#n &#n. ,e$l#*u M#nu#l le),#.# e)#s&#$#*#%#n )en.#%u$ se%i'#*n&# #'# 5 +li)#- h#* n#$#(i'#n# &#n. 'i,e$i*#n #(#,il# n#$#(i'#n %e$se,u% %el#h )e)enuhi (e$s&#$#%#n %e$%en%u H#* 7 h#* %e$se,u% #'#l#h: 1 )en.#'#*#n hu,un.#n %e$,#%#s 'en.#n (ih#* lu#$@ Ne.#$# %i'#* ,e$h#* )e),u#% seo$#n. n#$#(i'#n# )en3#'i le,ih ,u$u* '#$i se,elu)n&# Sel#)# )en3#l#ni )#s# hu*u)#nn&#" seo$#n. n#$#(i'#n# h#$us se#$# ,e$#n.su$#n.su$ 'i(e$*en#l*#n 'en.#n )#s&#$#*#% '#n %i'#* ,oleh 'i#sin.*#n '#$i )#s&#$#*#% An%#$# l#in 'en.#n #$#: su$#% )en&u$#% '#n *unun.#n *elu#$.# 8 )e)(e$oleh $e)isi@
Se%i#( 1 A.us%us 1945" ,e$'#s#$*#n Ke(($es No)o$ 5 ;#hun 19>" se%i#( n#$#(i'#n# &#n. ,e$*el#*u#n ,#i*" %el#h ,e$3#s# *e(#'# ne.#$#" )el#*u#*n (e$,u#%#n &#n. ,e$)#n##% ,#.i ne.#$# #%#u *e)#nusi##n" '#n n#$#(i'#n# &#n. )e),#n%u *e.i#%#n 'in#s LAAS" #*#n )e)(e$oleh $e)isi )e)(e$oleh #si)il#si@ Sel#)# *ehil#n.#n *e)e$'e*##nn&#" seo$#n. n#$#(i'#n# h#$us se#$# ,e$#n.su$#n.su$ 'i(e$*en#l*#n *e(#'# )#s&#$#*#% '#n %i'#* ,oleh 'i#sin.*#n '#$i )#s&#$#*#% Asi)il#si '#(#% 'il#*u*#n 'en.#n 'u# #$#" &#i%u: #si)il#si *e '#l#) +&#i%u" h#'i$n&# )#s&#$#*#% *e '#l#) L-" '#n #si)il#si *e lu#$ +&#i%u" h#'i$n&# n#$#(i'#n# 'i %en.#h%en.#h )#s&#$#*#%- 1 )e)(e$oleh u%i@ 8 )e)(e$oleh (e),e,#s#n ,e$s&#$#% H#* ini )e$u(#*#n h#* (en.in%e.$#si#n n#$#(i'#n#" &#i%u h#* n#$#(i'#n# un%u* se(enuhn&# ,e$#'# 'i %en.#h%en.#h )#s&#$#*#%" 'en.#n s&#$#% n#$#(i'#n# %e$se,u% %el#h )en3#l#ni 8/ '#$i )#s# hu*u)#nn&# N#$#(i'#n# &#n. )e)(e$oleh (e),e,#s#n ,e$s&#$#% ini %e%#( 'i##si oleh BAAS '#n C#*s# ne.e$i se%e)(#% .
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e$lin'un.#n hu*u) n#$#(i'#n# '#(#% 'i#$%i*#n se,#.#i u(#&# (e$lin'un.#n hu*u) %e$h#'#( ,e$,#.#i *e,e,#s#n '#n h#* #s#si n#$#(i'#n# + fundamental rights and freedoms of risonersse$%# ,e$,#.#i *e(en%in.#n &#n. ,e$hu,un.#n 'en.#n *ese3#h%e$##n n#$#(i'#n# +'einisi ini )e$u(#*#n h#sil )o'ii*#si (enulis '#$i 'einisi (e$lin'un.#n Hu*u) An#*" oleh B#$'# N##i A$ie- e$lin'un.#n hu*u) #%#s h#*h#* n#$#(i'#n# 'i In'onesi# se,en#$n&# %el#h 'i#%u$ '#l#) Un'#n.un'#n. No)o$ 9 ;#hun 1999 %en%#n. H#*As#si M#nusi#" '#n Un'#n.un'#n. No)o$ 18 ;#hun 1995 %en%#n. e)#s&#$#*#%#n In%i (e$lin'un.#n n#$#(i'#n# #'#l#h %e$u3u'n&# (e),in##n n#$#(i'#n# sesu#i 'en.#n sis%e) (e)#s&#$#*#%#n &#n. 'i,e$l#*u*#n '#l#) Un'#n.un'#n. e)#s&#$#*#%#n Sis%e) (e)#s&#$#*#%#n #'#l#h su#%u susun#n ele)en &#n. ,e$in%e.$#si &#n. )e),en%u* su#%u *es#%u#n &#n. in%e.$#l )e),en%u* *onse(si %en%#n. (e$l#*u#n %e$h#'#( o$#n. &#n. )el#n..#$ hu*u) (i'#n# #%#s '#s#$ (e)i*i$#n $eh#,ili%#si" $esosi#lis#si" &#n. ,e$isi unsu$ e'u*#%i" *o$e*%i" 'eensi '#n &#n. ,e$#s(e* in'i2i'u '#n sosi#l Be$%ol#* '#$i (e)#h#)#n )en.en#i sis%e) (e)#s&#$#*#%#n %e$se,u%" )#*# '#(#% 'i*#%#*#n ,#h# %u3u#n '#$i (e),in##n n#$#(i'#n# i%u sen'i$i %i'#* l#in #'#l#h $eh#,ili%#si '#n $esosi#lis#si n#$#(i'#n#" 'en.#n )en&e$%#*#n unsu$unsu$ e'u*#%i" *o$e*%i '#n 'eensi ;u3u#n (e),in##n ini )enun3u**#n ,#h# %in'#*#n%in'#*#n &#n. %i'#* ,e$nil#i e'u*#%i"
*o$e*%i '#n 'eensi '#l#) ($oses (e),in##n %i'#* 'i,en#$*#n" #(#l#.i %in'#*#n 7%in'#*#n &#n. )e)enuhi %in'#* (i'#n# se(e$%i h#ln&# (en&i*s##n #%#u(un (en.#ni#&##n ;in'#* (i'#n# &#n. *e$#(*#li )eni)(# n#$#(i'#n# 'i '#l#) (en3#$# #'#l#h %in'#* (i'#n# &#n. )eli,#%*#n unsu$unsu$ *e*e$#s#n 'i '#l#)n&#" ,#i* &#n. 'il#*u*#n oleh ses#)# n#$#(i'#n#" )#u(un oleh (e%u.#s L D#l#) Declaration Against 2orture and 'ther %ruel in Human Degrading 2reatment or 3unishment *adoted by the general assembly" 9 Dese),e$ 195-" 'en.#n %e.#s )el#$#n. se)u# ,en%u*: (en.#ni#&##n #%#u %in'#*#n *e3#) l#in" (e$l#*u#n '#n (i'#n# &#n. %i'#* )#nusi#i '#n )e$en'#h*#n )#$%#,#% )#nusi# '#n )e$u(#*#n (el#n..#$#n h#*h#* '#s#$ )#nusi#! e),in##n n#$#(i'#n# )en.#n'un. )#*n# )e)(e$l#*u*#n seseo$#n. &#n. ,e$s %#%us n#$#(i'#n# un%u* 'i,#n.un #.#$ ,#n.*i% )en3#'i seseo$#n. &#n. ,#i* A%#s '#s#$ (en.e$%i#n (e),in##n &#n. 'e)i*i#n i%u s#s#$#n &#n. (e$lu 'i,in# #'#l#h ($i,#'i '#n ,u'i (e*e$%i n#$#(i'#n#" &#n. 'i'o$on. un%u* )e),#n.*i%*#n $#s# h#$.# 'i$i (#'# 'i$i sen'i$i '#n o$#n. l#in" se$%# )en.e),#n.*#n $#s# %#n..un. 3##, un%u* )en&esu#i*#n 'i$i 'en.#n *ehi'u(#n &#n. %en%$#) '#n se3#h%e$# '#l#) )#s&#$#*#%" '#n sel#n3u%n&# ,e$(o%ensi luhu$ '#n ,e$)o$#l %in..i De)i )en.hin'#$i %in'#*#n &#n. )en.#n'un. (en&i*s##n #%#u ,en%u* *e*e$#s#n l#inn&#" )#*# (e),in##n n#$#(i'#n# h#$us 'i'#s#$*#n #%#s (e'o)#n(e'o)#n &#n. %el#h 'i#%u$ '#l#) (#s#l 5 Un'#n.un'#n. No)o$ 18 ;#hun 1995 %en%#n. e)#s&#$#*#%#n" &#i%u: 1 en.#&o)#n 8 e$s#)##n (e$l#*u#n '#n (el#&#n#n@ en'i'i*#n@ 4 e),i),in.#n@ 5 en.ho$)#%#n h#$*#% '#n )#$%#,#% )#nusi#@ 6 ;e$3#)inn&# h#* un%u* %e%#( ,e$hu,un.#n 'en.#n *elu#$.# '#n o$#n.o$#n. %e$%en%u Menu$u% Mul#'i" e)#s&#$#*#%#n )e$u(#*#n su#%u ($oses (e),in##n n#$#(i'#n# &#n. se$in. 'ise,u% theuraetics roccess" &#*ni )e),in# n#$#(i'#n# '#l#) #$%i )en&e),uh*#n seseo$#n. &#n. %e$ses#% hi'u(n&# *#$en# *ele)#h#n*ele)#h#n %e$%en%u Be$%ol#* '#$i (e)i*i$#n ($o Mul#'i 'i #%#s" )enu$u% (enulis 3i*# n#$#(i'#n# 'i#n..#( se,#.#i o$#n. &#n. se'#n. s#*i% #%#u %e$ses#%" )#*# (e),in##n &#n. 'i*en#*#n %e$h#'#(n&# h#$us ,en#$,en#$ #$i '#n ,i3#*s#n# Bil# 'i#n#lo.i*#n se,#.#i o$#n. s#*i%" %en%un&# )#sin. )#sin. n#$#(i'#n# )e)(un&#i (en&#*i% &#n. ,e$,e'#,e'#" '#n ($oses (en&e),uh#nn&# '#n o,#%n&# (un ,e$,e'# 3u.# De)i*i#n (ul# h#ln&# 'en.#n (e),in##n n#$#(i'#n#" (e%u.#s
L seh#$usn&# )e),e$i*#n (e),in##n &#n. 3u.# 'isesu#i*#n 'en.#n *on'isi '#$i n#$#(i'#n# i%u sen'i$i" %#n(# #'#n&# %in'#*#n%in'#*#n (e),in##n 'i lu#$ *e#3#$#n ;in'#*#n *e*e$#s#n #(#(un %i'#* 'i,en#$*#n se,#.#i s#l#h s#%u )e%o'e (e),in##n n#$#(i'#n# Konse( ini h#$us 'i(#h#)i oleh se%i#( n#$#(i'#n# Menu$u% (#s#l 5 %ode of %onduct for 4aw 5nforcement 'fficials )ene.#s*#n ,#h#: ;#* seo$#n. (e%u.#s (ene.#* hu*u) (un ,oleh )eni),ul*#n" )en'o$on. #%#u )en%ole$#nsi %in'#*#n (en&i*s##n3u.# %i'#* '#(#% )en.e)u*#*#n (e$in%#h #%#s#n #%#u *e#'##n lu#$ ,i#s#se,#.#i (e),en#$#n (en&i*s##n! Sel#n3u%n&# *e),#li 'i(e$%e.#s (#s#l 101 (nternational %onvenant %ivil 3olitic Rights +IR- ,#h#: Se)u# o$#n. &#n. 'i#,u% *e,e,#s#nn&# #*#n 'i(e$l#*u*#n se#$# )#nusi#i '#n 'en.#n )en.ho$)#%i )#$%#,#% &#n. )en3#'i si#% ($i,#'i )#nusi#i )e$e*#! Ke%en%u#n %e$se,u% )en.is&#$#%*#n ,#h# *ehil#n.#n *e)e$'e*##n )e$u(#*#n s#%us#%un&# (en'e$i%##n &#n. 'i*en#*#n %e$h#'#( n#$#(i'#n# Fleh *#$en# i%u" n#$#(i'#n# h#$us %e%#( 'i(e$l#*u*#n se#$# )#nusi#i '#n 'en.#n )en.ho$)#%i )#$%#,#% &#n. )en3#'i si#% ($i,#'i )#nusi# )e$e*# Sis%e) (e)#s&#$#*#%#n 'iselen..#$#*#n '#l#) $#n.*# )e),en%u* #$.# ,in##n (e)#s&#$#*#%#n #.#$ )en3#'i )#nusi# seu%uhn&#" )en&#'#$i *es#l#h#n")e)(e$,#i*i 'i$i '#n %i'#* )en.ul#n.i %in'#* (i'#n#" sehin..# '#(#% 'i%e$i)# *e),#li oleh lin.*un.#n )#s&#$#*#%" '#(#% ,e$(e$#n #*%i '#l#) (e),#n.un#n" '#n '#(#% hi'u( se#$# #3#$ se,#.#i #$.# &#n. ,#i* '#n ,e$%#n..un. 3##, D#l#) $#n.*# )en#(#i %u3u#n (e),in##n n#$#(i'#n#" sis%e) *e(en3#$##n ini )e),e$i (e'o)#n &#n. 'ise,u% Se(uluh ($insi( (e)#s&#$#*#%#n!" i#l#h: 1 F$#n. &#n. %e$ses#% h#$us 'i#&o)i 'en.#n )e),e$i*#n *e(#'#n&# ,e*#l hi'u( se,#.#i #$.# ne.#$# &#n. ,#i* '#n ,e$.un# '#l#) )#s&#$#*#%@ 8 (en3#%uh#n (i'#n# ,u*#n %in'#*#n (e),#l#s#n 'en'#) '#$i ne.#$#@ $#s# %o,#% %i'#*l#h '#(#% 'i#(#i 'en.#n )en&i*s#" )el#in*#n 'en.#n ,i),in.#n@ 4 ne.#$# %i'#* ,e$h#* )e),u#% seo$#n. n#$#(i'#n# le,ih ,u$u* #%#u le,ih 3#h#% '#$i(#'# se,elu) i# )#su* le),#.#@ 5 sel#)# *ehil#n.#n *e)e$'e*##n ,e$.e$#*" n#$#(i'#n# h#$us 'i*en#l*#n *e(#'# )#s&#$#*#% '#n %i'#* ,oleh 'i#sin.*#n '#$i )#s&#$#*#%@ 6 (e*e$3##n &#n. 'i,e$i*#n *e(#'# n#$#(i'#n# %i'#* ,oleh ,e$si#% )en.isi #*%u #%#u h#n&# 'i(e$un%u**#n ,#.i *e(en%in.#n le),#.# #%#u ne.#$# s#3# e*e$3##n &#n. 'i,e$i*#n h#$us 'i%u3u*#n un%u* (e),#n.un#n ne.#$#@
,i),in.#n '#n 'i'i*#n h#$us ,e$'#s#$*#n #s#s #n#sil#@ > %i#( o$#n. #'#l#h )#nusi# '#n h#$us 'i(e$l#*u*#n se,#.#i )#nusi# )es*i(un i# %el#h %e$ses#% ;i'#* ,oleh 'i%un3u**#n *e(#'# n#$#(i'#n# ,#h# i# i%u (en3#h#%@ 9 n#$#(i'#n# i%u h#n&# 'i3#%uhi (i'#n# hil#n. *e)e$'e*##n@ 10 S#$#n# isi* le),#.# 'e#s# ini )e$u(#*#n s#l#h s#%u h#),#%#n (el#*s#n##n sis%e) (e)#s&#$#*#%#n Sis%e) (e)#s&#$#*#%#n 'i In'onesi# se$in.*#li )en'#(#% *$i%i*#n %#3#)" *#$en# 'i#n..#( %i'#* ,e$h#sil '#l#) )en&elen..#$#*#n (e),in##n (#'# (#$# n#$#(i'#n# '#n )#sih )en&is#*#n )e%o'e)e%o'e *oloni#l" sehin..# )el#n..#$ HAM '#$i n#$#(i'#n# Menu$u% (enulis" #n..#(#n %e$se,u% %i'#* se(enuhn&# ,en#$ Di%in3#u '#$i hu*u) (osi%i In'onesi# +,#i* Un'#n.un'#n. HAM '#n Un'#n.un'#n. e)#s&#$#*#%#n-" se,en#$n&# (e$lin'un.#n hu*u) HAM n#$#(i'#n# se,#.i#n ,es#$ %el#h 'i#%u$ '#l#) *e'u# un'#n.un'#n. %ese,u% Den.#n *#%# l#in" *e'u# un'#n.un'#n. %e$se,u% %el#h u*u( )e),e$i*#n (e$lin'un.#n ,#.i n#$#(i'#n# Menu$u% (enulis" %e$3#'in&# ($#*%e*($#*%e* *e*e$#s#n %e$h#'#( (#$# n#$#(i'#n#" (e$lu 'i(#h#)i *e),#li ,#h# *e,e$h#sil#n sis%e) (e$#'il#n (i'#n# %i'#* h#n&# 'i%en%u*#n oleh *u#li%#s '#$i hu*u) su,s%#n%in&# s#3#" )el#in*#n 3u.# 'i%en%u*#n oleh *u#li%#s (e$il#*u (#$# (ene.#* hu*u) #%#u (el#*s#n# hu*u) i%u sen'i$i '#n *u#li%#s Bu*#n*#h hu*u) i%u %i'#* l#in #'#l#h “ it doesn)t matter what the law says! 6hat matters is what the guy behind the des0 interets the law says” A$%in&# %i'#* l#in #'#l#h ,#h# hu*u) 3u.# %e$.#n%un. (#'# (#$# (ene.#* hu*u)/(el#*s#n# hu*u) '#l#) )en.in%e($e%#si*#n hu*u) i%u sen'i$i
III. PENUTUP A. Ke&(%-$a"
Be$'#s#$*#n u$#i#n (e),#h#s#n 'i #%#s" )#*# (enulis )en&i)(ul*#n ,#h#: N#$#(i'#n# se(e$%i h#ln&# )#nusi# (#'# u)u)n&# )e)(un&#i h#*h#* &#n. 3u.# h#$us 'ilin'un.i oleh hu*u) H#*h#* &#n. h#$us 'ilin'un.i %e$se,u% %e$u%# )# h#*h#* &#n. si#%n&# non-derogable" &#*ni h#* 7 h#* &#n. %i'#* '#(#% 'iin.*#$i #%#u 'i.#n..u .u.#% oleh si#(#(un '#n '#l#) *e#'##n #(#(un A'#(un h#*h#* #s#si %e$se,u% '#l#) (#s#l 4 Un'#n.un'#n. No)o$ 9 ;#hun 1999 'i$ini se,#.#i ,e$i*u%: H#* un%u* hi'u(" h#* un%u* %i'#* 'isi*s#" h#* *e,e,#s#n ($i,#'i" (i*i$#n" '#n h#%i nu$#ni" h#* ,e$#.#)#" h#* un%u* %i'#* 'i(e$,u'#*" h#* un%u* 'i#*ui se,#.#i ($i,#'i '#n (e$s#)##n 'ih#'#(#n hu*u)" '#n h#* un%u* %i'#* 'i%un%u% #%#s '#s#$ hu*u) &#n. ,e$l#*u su$u% Sel#n3u%n&#" 'i3#,#$*#n l#.i '#l#) Un'#n.un'#n. No)o$ 18 ;#hun 1995 %en%#n. e)#s&#$#*#%#n" &#*ni 'i #n%#$#n&#: h#* un%u* )e)(e$oleh $e)isi" h#* ,e$i,#'#h"h#* un%u* )en'#(#% u%i" h#* un%u* ,e$hu,un.#n 'en.#n o$#n. lu#$ se#$# %e$,#%#s" h#* )e)(e$oleh (e),e,#s#n ,e$s&#$#%" '#n h#*h#* l#inn&# se(e$%i &#n. %e$#n%u) '#l#) (#s#l 14 Un'#n. un'#n. e)#s&#$#*#%#n e$lin'un.#n hu*u) %e$h#'#( HAM n#$#(i'#n# %el#h u*u( 'ilin'un.i oleh hu*u) (osi%i In'onesi# +Un'#n.un'#n. HAM '#n Un'#n.un'#n. e)#s&#$#*#%#n-" &#*ni '#l#) ,en%u* e),in##n &#n. 'io$ien%#si*#n (#'# $eh#,ili%#si '#n $esosi#lis#si n#$#(i'#n# N#)un (#'# *en&#%##nn&#" )#sih ,#n&#* %e$3#'i ($#*%e*($#*%e* (el#n..#$#n HAM 'i '#l#) L &#n. 'il#*u*#n oleh (e%u.#s L" &#i%u 'en.#n )en..un#*#n )e%o'e)e%o'e *e*e$#s#n '#l#) )e),in# n#$#(i'#n#
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
A$ie" B#$'# N##i" 199>: &eberaa Ase0 7ebi/a0an 3enega0an dan 3engembangan Hu0um 3idana, i%$# A'i%&# B#*%i" B#n'un. ess#sse" An%onio" 1994: Ha0 Asasi $anusia Di Dunia 8ang &erubah" #&#s#n F,o$ In'onesi#" C#*#$%# Een'i" M#s&hu$" 1994: Ha0 Asasi $anusia" Gh#li# In'onesi#" C#*#$%# C#&#" N&o)#n Se$i*#% u%$#" 8001: 7aita 9ele0ta Hu0um 3idana" B#'#n ene$,i% UNDI" Se)#$#n.
Lo(#" B#h#$u'in" 8001: 7e/ahatan 7orusi dan 3enega0an Hu0um" ene$,i% Ko)(#s" C#*#$%# Lo)#n" Loe,,&" 8008 : 3idana dan 3emidanaan" ene$,i% D#%# o)" C#*#$%# Mul#'i" 8008 : Ha0 Asasi $anusia, 3oliti0, dan 9istem 3eradilan 3idana" B#'#n ene$,i% UNDI" Se)#$#n. 3eneraan Asas Retroa0tif Dalam Hu0um 3idana (ndonesia!" Se)in#$ N#sion#l As#sAs#s Hu*u) i'#n# N#sion#l" Diselen..#$#*#n Di Ho%el i(u%$#" Se)#$#n." %#n..#l 868 A($il 8004 Ni%i,#s*#$#" ;u,#.us Ronn& R#h)#n" 8000 : 7eti0a 7e/ahatan &erdaulat " ene$,i% e$#'#,#n" C#*#$%# u$no)o" B#),#n." 19>8 : 7umulan 7arangan (lmiah" Bin# A*s#$#" B#n'un. " 19>0 : 3ela0sanaan 3idana 3en/ara Dengan 9istem 3emasyara0atan" ene$,i% Li,e$%&" o.&#*#$%# Ro2e$" De , 8000 :2o 9erve and 2o 3rotect " R#3#G$#in'o e$s#'#" C#*#$%# Undang-undang :omor .; 2ahun +;;; 2entang Ha0 Asasi $anusia Undang-undang :omor + 2ahun +;;< 2entang 3emasyara0atan
