MAKALAH IMUNOSEROLOGI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
DISUSUN OLEH KELOMPOK 4:
Lian Ekawati
(0!)
Rika S"#iana
(0$4)
L"i% &i'ia%tti
(0)
Ri%ta D*wi
(0$+)
L",*n%a -,*%nanin.t/a%
(0)
Siti Ha#i#a1
(0+0)
M*.a Sa,i
(04)
&in'i M2P
(0+)
M*i%/ita A2 N2 R
(044) K*3a% 5
AKADEMI ANALIS KESEHA-AN KESEHA-AN NASIONAL SURAKAR-A -AHUN A6ARAN 07$8707+ KA-A KA-A PENGA PENGAN-AR N-AR
D*n.an 9*n.a;kan %/k, ata% k* 1a'i,at -1an Yan. Ma1a E%a< ak1i,n/a 9aka3a1 I9n"%*,"3".i '*n.an ='3 H9an I99n"'*#ii*n/ Vi,% (HIV) ini 'a;at t*,%*3*%aikan2 P*9>atan 9aka3a1 ini 'i9ak%'kan ntk 9*9*n1i t.a% '"%*n I9n"%*,"3".i2 Maka 'a,i ;a'a it< 9aka3a1 ini akan 9*n=*3a%kan %*9a /an. >*,1>n.an '*n.an ;*n/akit HIV >*%*,ta '*n.an ;*9*,ik%aan
3a>",at",i9
/an.
'a;at
9*nn=an.
'ia.n"%i%
;*n/akit2
Da3a9 ;*n/%nan 9aka3a1 ini ka9i 9*n/a'a,i >a1wa 9aka3a1 ini =a1 'a,i k*%*9;,naan >aik 'a3a9 >*ntk ;*n/a=ian< k*3*n.ka;an i%i< 'an 3ain? 3ainn/a2 Untk it '*n.an %*nan. 1ati ka9i akan 9*n*,i9a %*.a3a %a,an< k,itik 'a,i ;a,a ;*9>aa .na 9*9;*,>aikan 9aka3a1 ini 'i k*9'ian 1a,i2 P*9>atan 9aka3a1 ini 'i1a,a;kan 'a;at >*,.na >a.i ;a,a 9a1a%i%wa /an. in.in 9*9;*3a=a,i t*ntan. i9nita% 3*>i1 'a3a92 Ka9i 9*n.1a,a;kan ;a,ti%i;a%i 'a,i ;a,a ;*9>aa2 S*9".a 9aka3a1 ini >*,9an#aat 'an >*,.na >a.i %*tia; ",an. /an. 9*9>aan/a2
S,aka,ta< D*%*9>*, 07$
P*n/%n
i
DAF-AR ISI
KA-A PENGAN-AR222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222i DAF-AR ISI222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222ii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
ii
5A5 I PENDAHULUAN
A2 Lata, 5*3akan. 693a1 ;*n'*,ita AIDS %*9akin ta1n %*9akin >*,ta9>a12 P*n/*>a>n/a a'a3a1 HIV (H9an I99n"'*#ii*n/ Vi,%) 9*,;akan ,*t,"@i,% /an. 9*n,nkan k*9a9;an %/%t*9 i9n2 S*;*,ti ,*t,"@i,% /an. 3ain< HIV 9*n.in#*k%i t>1 '*n.an ;*,i"'* ink>a%i /an. ;an=an. 'an ta9an/a 9*n/*>a>kan >*>*,a;a k*,%akan %/%t*9 i9n 'an 9*n.1an,kann/a2 Dia.n"%i% in#*k%i HIV 'a;at 'i3akkan '*n.an 9*n'*t*k%i anti>"'/ ata anti.*n2 P*9*,ik%aan %*,"3".i /an. 'i;akai ntk 9*n*.akkan 'ia.n"%i% HIV 'i1a,a;kan 9*9;n/ai %*n%iti#ita% 'an %;*%i#i%ita% /an. tin..i2 P*9*,ik%aan /an. 9*9;n/ai %*n%iti#ita% tin..i akan 9*9>*,ikan 1a%i3 ;"%iti# ;a'a ",an. /an. t*,in#*k%i HIV 'an 9*9>*,ikan
1a%i3
n*.ati@* ;a3%
/an.
k*i32 P*9*,ik%aan
/an.
9*9;n/ai %;*%i#ita% /an. tin..i akan 9*9>*,ikan 1a%i3 /an. n*.ati@* ;a'a ",an. /an. ti'ak t*,in#*k%i HIV 'an 9*9>*,ikan 1a%i3 ;"%iti# ;a3% /an. ,*n'a12 M*t"'* ;*9*,ik%aan anti>"'/ HIV t*,'i,i ata% ;*9*,ik%aan 9*9akai 9*t"'* ELISA8 EIA /an. 1a,% 'i;a%tikan '*n.an 9*t"'* &*%t*,n 53"t ata D*t*k%i A%a9 Nk3*at2
52 R9%an Ma%a3a1 72 A;a /an. 'i9ak%' '*n.an HIV 2 A;a %a=a ;*n.."3"n.an 'a,i @i,% HIV 2 5a.ai9ana 9*kani%9* i9n"3".i @i,% HIV 42 A;a %a=a ;*9*,ik%aan La>",at",i9 /an. 9*nn=an. 'ia.n"%a HIV
5A5 II ISI 1
A. Pengertian HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus) a'a3a1 @i,% /an. 'a;at
9*n/*>a>kan AIDS2 HIV t*,9a%k k*3a,.a @i,% ,*t," /ait @i,% /an. 9*9a%kan 9at*,i .*n*tikn/a k* 'a3a9 %*3 1"%;*%< k*tika 9*3akkan a,a in#*k%i '*n.an a,a /an. >*,>*'a (,*t,")< /ait 'a,i RNA 9*n=a'i DNA< /an. k*9'ian 9*n/at 'a3a9 DNA %*3 tan ,9a1< 9*9>*ntk ;," @i,% 'an k*9'ian 9*3akkan ,*;3ika%i2 Vi,% HIV ini 'a;at 9*n/*>a>kan AIDS '*n.an a,a 9*n/*,an. %*3 'a,a1 ;ti1 /an. >*,na9a %*3 CD4 %*1in..a 'a;at 9*,%ak %i%t*9 k*k*>a3an t>1 9an%ia /an. ;a'a ak1i,n/a ti'ak 'a;at >*,ta1an 'a,i .an..an ;*n/akit wa3a;n /an. %an.at ,in.an %*ka3i;n2 Vi,% HIV 9*n/*,an. %*3 CD4 'an 9*,>a1n/a 9*n=a'i t*9;at >*,k*9>an. >iak Vi,% HIV >a, k*9'ian 9*,%akn/a %*1in..a ti'ak 'a;at 'i.nakan 3a.i2 S*3 'a,a1 ;ti1 %an.at 'i;*,3kan ntk %i%t*9 k*k*>a3an t>12 -an;a k*k*>a3an t>1 9aka k*tika 'i%*,an. ;*n/akit 9aka t>1 kita ti'ak 9*9i3iki ;*3in'n.2 Da9;akn/a a'a3a1 kita 'a;at 9*nin..a3 'nia aki>at t*,k*na ;i3*k >ia%a2
B. Penggolongan HIV 'a;at 'i>a.i 9*n=a'i 'a ti;*< /akni ti;* 7 'an ti;* 2 HIV?7 'a;at 'it*9kan 'i %*3,1 'nia< %*9*nta,a HIV? =a,an. 'it*9kan 'i t*9;at 3ain %*3ain 'i A#,ika 5a,at2 K*'a ti;* @i,% ini 'it3a,kan '*n.an a,a /an. %a9a 'an %a9a?%a9a 'a;at 9*n/*>a>kan AIDS2 Akan t*ta;i< ta9;akn/a HIV? 3*>i1 %3it 9*n3a, 'an in#*k%i HIV? =a1 3*>i1 3a9>at >*,>a1 9*n=a'i AIDS 'i>an'in.kan HIV?72Vi,3*n%i 'an viral load /an. ,*n'a1 'a,i HIV? 9*n=a'i ;*n/*>a> k*a'aan t*,%*>t2 HIV? 9*9i3iki
2
%*ti'akn/a '*3a;an %>ti;*< 'i9ana %>ti;* A 'an 5 a'a3a1 /an. %*,in. 'it*9kan2 Di'.a HIV?7 >*,k*9>an. 'a,i Si9ian I99n"'*#ii*n/ Vi,% (SIV) /an. 9*n.in#*k%i %i9;an%* (SIV;B) %*9*nta,a HIV? >*,k*9>an. 'a,i SIV /an. 9*n.in#*k%i 9"n/*t %""t/ 9an.a>*/ (SIV%99)2
C. Mekanisme Imunologi Infeksi HIV HIV 9a%k k* 'a3a9 t>1 9*3a3i 'a,a1< ai,an .*nita3 9a;n ASI<
k*9'ian @i,% HIV 9*n*9;*3 ;a'a ,*%*;t", CD4 Li9#"%it - 'an 9a%k k* %*3 3i9#"%it - k*9'ian @i,% HIV 9*9>*3a1 'i,i '*n.an 9*9akai 9at*,i /an. a'a 'i %*3 3i9#"%it - 9*n/*>a>kan %*3 Li9#"%it - ,%ak %*1in..a k*9a9;an #a."%it"%i% 1i3an.2 HIV k*3a, 'a,i 3i9#"%it 'a3a9 >*ntk HIV 9'a 'an 9*9atan.kan 'i,i 'i ;*9>31 'a,a1< HIV /an. 9atan. akan %ia; 9*n.in#*k%i 3i9#"%it - /an. 3ain2 Di%i%i 3ain a;a>i3a t*,=a'i in#*k%i 3ain ka,*na k*9a9;an #a."%it"%i% 3i9#"%it 1i3an. 9aka akan ti9>3 .*=a3a 'an tan'a k3ini%2 Ka,*na 9*n/*,an. ;a'a ;*n'*,ita /an. 9*9i3iki %/%t*9 k*k*>a3an t>1 /an. ,*n'a1 %*1in..a 'a3a9 k,n wakt /an. 3a9a akan 9*n/*>a>kan AIDS2
3
D. Pemeriksaan Laboratorium P*9*,ik%aan S*,"3".i ntk 'ia.n"%i% HIV 'i1a,a;kan 9*9;n/ai
%*n%iti#ita% 'an %;*%i#i%ita% tin..i2 P*9*,ik%aan S*,"3".i /an. 'i.nakan ntk 'ia.n"%i% HIV a'a3a1 '*t*k%i anti>"'/2 P*9*,ik%aan t*,%*>t t*,'i,i ata% ;*9*,ik%aan ;*n/a,in. '*n.an 9*t"'* ELISA 'an Ra;i'< %*'an.kan 9*t"'* &*%t*,n 53"t ata &5 'i.nakan ntk 9*9a%tikan 1a%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan ;*n/a,in.2 Untk 'ia.n"%i% HIV< &",3' H*a3t1 O,.aniBati"n (&HO) 9*n*ta;kan %t,at*.i2 St,at*.i ;*,ta9a • 5a1an K3inik /an. 'i;*,ik%a 9*n..nakan %at =*ni% ;*9*,ik%aan /an. 1a,% 9*9i3iki %*n%iti@ita% /an. tin..i2 5a1an k3inik /an. ,*akti# 'in/atakan ;"%iti# %*'an.kan /an. ti'ak ,*akti# 'in/atakan n*.ati@*2
4
Ha%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan %t,at*.i ;*,ta9a ti'ak >"3*1 'i;akai ntk •
9*n*.akkan 'ia.n"%i% HIV aki>at t,an%#%* ata t,an%;3anta%i2 St,at*.i K*'a S*9a >a1an k3inik 'i;*,ik%a 9*n..nakan =*ni% ;*9*,ik%aan2 P*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a 1a,% 3*>i1 %*n%iti@* 'i>an'in.kan ;*9*,ik%aan k*'a<
9*9akai
anti.*n ata
;,in%i; ,*ak%i
>*,>*'a
'*n.an
;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a2 5i3a ;a'a ;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a 1a%i3n/a ti'ak ,*akti# 'in/atakan 1a%i3n/a n*.ati@*< t*ta;i =ika ;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a ,*akti# 'an ;*9*,ik%aan k*'a =.a ,*akti# 9aka 'in/atakan 1a%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan ;"%iti# HIV2 S*>a3ikn/a =ika ;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a ,*akti# %*'an.kan ;*9*,ik%aan k*'a ti'ak ,*akti#< 1a,% 'i;*,ik%a 3an.2 5i3a 1a%i3n/a t*ta; %a9a< 'in/atakan in'*t*,9inat*2 -*ta;i >i3a ;a'a ;*9*,ik%aan 3an.< 'i'a;atkan ;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a ti'ak ,*akti# 'an ;*9*,ik%aan k*'a =.a ti'ak ,*akti# 9aka 1a%i3n/a 'in/atakan HIV •
n*.ati@*2 St,at*.i K*ti.a S*9a >a1an
k3inik
'i;*,ik%a
;*9*,ik%aan2
P*9*,ik%aan
;*9*,ik%aan
k*'a
9*n..nakan
;*,ta9a
1a,%
1a,%
9*n..nakan
3*>i1 anti.*n
=*ni%
9*t"'*
%*n%iti@*< ata
'an
;,in%i;
;*9*,ik%aan /an. >*,>*'a 'a,i /an. ;*,ta9a2 P*9*,ik%aan /an. k*ti.a 1a,% 9*n..nakan anti.*n ata ;,in%i; ;*9*,ik%aan /an. >*,>*'a 'a,i /an. ;*,ta9a 'an k*'a2 6ika ;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a ti'ak ,*akti# 1a%i3 'in/atakan n*.ati@*< t*ta;i >i3a ;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a< k*'a 'an k*ti.a ,*akti# 1a%i3n/a 'in/atakan 1a%i3n/a ;"%iti#2 S*>a3ikn/a =ika ;a'a ;*9*,ik%aan
;*,ta9a
,*akti#<
;*9*,ik%aan
k*'a
,*akti#<
'an
;*9*,ik%aan k*ti.a =.a ,*akti# ata ;*9*,ik%aan ;*,ta9a ,*akti#< k*'a ti'ak ,*akti# 'an k*ti.a ,*akti# 9aka 'in/atakan in'*t*,9inat*2
5
M*t"'* ;*9*,ik%aan 3a>",at",i9 'a%a, ntk 'ia.n"%i% in#*k%i HIV 'i>a.i 'a3a9 'a k*3"9;"k /ait =i i9n"3".i 'an =i @i,"3"./2 a2 U=i I9n"3".i U=i i9n"3".i t*,'i,i 'a,i Ra;i' -*%t< ELISA< IFA< &*%t*,n 53"t (&5) A%%a/< IFA (In'i,*t I99n"#3",*%*nt A%%a/)2 72 Ra;i' -*%t Ra;i' -*%t 'i.nakan ntk '*t*k%i anti>"'i anti HIV t*3a1 >an/ak 'i.nakan %*3a9a '*ka'* t*,ak1i,2 Da%a, Ra;i' -*%t a'a3a1 i99n"k,"9at".,a#i ntk '*t*k%i anti>"'i HIV?7 'an HIV? %*a,a ka3itati#2 P*9*,ik%aan Ra;i' -*%t 9'a1 'i3akkan< ti'ak 9*9*,3kan ;*,a3atan k1%% 'an 1a%i3n/a 'a;at 'i>aa 'a3a9 wakt k,an. 'a,i 0 9*nit2 Ka,*na it Ra;i' -*%t %an.at >*,.na ntk 9*9>ant 9*n*ta;kan %tat% 9*'i% ;a'a ",an. /an. 'i'.a t*,in#*k%i HIV %*1in..a 'a;at 9*n.,an.i ;*n3a,an in#*k%i ka,*na 1a%i3 'i;*,"3*1 'a3a9 wakt/an. %in.kat 'an ;a%i*n 'a;at %*.*,a 'itan.ani2 US F""' An' D,. A'9ini%t,ati"n (FDA) 9*n/*t=i ti.a =*ni% ;*9*,ik%aan Ra;i' -*%t anta,a 3ain O,aik A'@an* Ra;i'< Uni G"3'?R*"9>i.*n< M3ti%;"t HIV?7 8 HIV?2 a2 O,aik A'@an* Ra;i' Sa9;*3 k3inik >*,;a 'a,a1 @*na< =n. =a,i 'an ai,an ,"n..a 93t2 Da,a1 'i9a%kkan k* 'a3a9 ta>n. ;*n.*n*, /an. 9*n.an'n. 7 93 3a,tan >##*, 3a3 'ik""k 1in..a 9*,ata< k*9'ian 'i9a%kkan a3at ;*n.=i (%t,i;8a,ik *3;) k* 'a3a9 ta>n. ;*n.*n*, t*,%*>t2 Cai,an ",a3 'i;*,"3*1 '*n.an %a;an 3a, ;a'a .%i 3a, ata% 'an >awa1< /an. 3an.%n. 'i9a%kkan k* 'a3a9 ta>n. ;*n.*n*,2 Anti>"'i anti?HIV ;a'a %a9;*3 akan 9*n.ikat ,*a.*n ;,"t*in A k"33"i' *9a%2 K"9;3*k% anti>"'i HIV?;,"t*in k"33"i' *9a% akan >*,*ak%i '*n.an anti.*n 'i 9*9>,an nit,"%*33"%a /an. 9*n.an'n. ;*;ti'a %int*tik .;47 (HIV?7) 'an .; + (HIV?) /an. %*%ai
6
'*n.an
I.G 'an akan 9*9>*ntk wa,na 9*,a12 Ga,i% 9*,a1
/an. 9n3 'i a,*a k"nt,"3 9*nan'akan 1a%i3 /an. ,*akti#2 Ha%i3 'i>aa 'a3a9 wakt 0? 40 9*nit2 5i3a ;*9>aaan k,an. 'a,i 0 9*nit (t*,1itn. 93ai a,ik *3; 'i9a%kan k* 'a3a9 ta>n. ;*n.*n*,) k*9n.kinan akan 9*n.1a%i3kan n*.ati# ;a3%2 S*>a3ikn/a >i3a ;*9>aaan 1a%i3 3*>i1 'a,i 40 9*nit akan 9*9>*,ikan 1a%i3 ;"%iti# ;a3%2 5i3a ti'ak ti9>3 wa,na 9*,a1 9aka 'a;at 'i%*>t 1a%i3 n"n ,*akti#2
Anti>"'i
HIV?7 'an anti>"'i HIV? ti'ak 'a;at 'i>*'akan '*n.an ;*9*,ik%aan ini2 Ha%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan /an. ;"%iti# 3*9a1 ;a'a 1a,% 'i;a%tikan '*n.an t*% EIA ata &*%t*,n 53"t2 >2 Uni G"3'?R*"9>i.*n Pa'a ;*9*,ik%aan ini 9*n..nakan %t,i; t*%22 A'a;n 3an.ka1 ;*9*,ik%aann/a /ait '*n.an 9*n*t*%kan %at t*t*% %a9;*3 k* 'a3a9 3>an. %a9;*3 k*9'ian 9*na9>a1kan *9;at t*t*% wa%1 %"3ti"n 'an tn.. %*3a9a 70 9*nit2 Ha%i3 ;"%iti# =ika 'i'a;atkan .a,i% 9*,a1 ;a'a in'ikat", -*%t2 Ha%i3 n*.ati# =ika 'i'a;atkan .a,i% 9*,a1 1an/a t*,>*ntk ;a'a in'ikat", C"nt,"3 %a=a2 2 M3ti%;"t HIV?78HIV? P*9*,ik%aan ini 9*n..nakan ;*9>aaan i'*ntita% %*tia; titik ;a'a 9*9>,an a,t,i'.*2 S*tia; titik 9*waki3i titik P,"*',a3 C"nt,"3< titik R*"9>inant HIV?7< titik HIV? ;*;ti'*< 'an titik
HIV?7 ;*;ti'*2 P*9>aaan 1a%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan a'a3a1
%*>a.ai >*,ikt : • N"n,*akti# •
: 1an/a titik P,"*',a3
9*na9;i3kan wa,na n. HIV?7 R*akti#? Awa3 P"%iti#
"nt,"3
/an.
: wa,na n. ;a'a titik
P,"*',a3 C"nt,"3< ;a'a titik R*"9>inant HIV?7 ata •
HIV?7 ;*;ti'*2 HIV? R*akti#?Awa3 P"%iti#
: wa,na n. ;a'a titik
P,"*',a3 C"nt,"3 'an ;a'a titik HIV? ;*;ti'*2
7
•
HIV R*akti# (n'i##*,*ntiat*') Awa3 P"%iti# : wa,na n. ;a'a %*9a titik 8 wa,na n. ;a'a titik P,"*',a3 C"nt,"3? titik R*"9>inant HIV?7 titik HIV? ;*;ti'* 8 wa,na n. ;a'a titik P,"*',a3 C"nt,"3?titik HIV?7
•
;*;ti'*? titik HIV? ;*;ti'*2 -i'ak @a3i' : 6ika ti'ak a'a wa,na ;a'a %*9a titik 'an 3ata,
>*3akan.
;a'a
9*9>,an
at,i'.*
.*3a;
'an
9*n.a>,kan int*,;,*ta%i titik 9aka 1a%i3 'ikatakan ti'ak @a3i' 'an ;*,3 'i3akkan ;*n.=ian 3an.2 6ika 1a%i3 t*ta; ti'ak @a3i' 9aka 'i3akkan ;*n.=ian 3an. '*n.an %a9;*3 /an. >a,2 2 P*9*,ik%aan ELISA (EnBi9?Link*' I99n"%",>*nt A%%a/) P*9*,ik%aan EnB/9 I99n" A%%a/ (EIA) a'a3a1
=*ni%
;*9*,ik%aan ;*n/a,in. /an. *#*kti# 'an >an/ak 'i;akai ntk 9*n'*t*k%i anti>"'/ anti HIV ka,*na 9*9;n/ai %*n%iti#ita% /an. tin..i2 S*>a.ai >a1an ;*9*,ik%aan 'i;akai 'a,a1< ai,an ,"n..a 93t< ata ,in*2 U99n/a 9*t"'* EIA 9*n'*t*k%i anti>"'/ t*,1a'a; ;,"t*in ;+ 'an .;47 /an. 9*,;akan >a.ian @i,% HIV2 Ha%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan 'i>an'in.kan '*n.an ni3ai t "## /an. 'i'a;at %aat ;*9*,ik%aan ELISA 'i3akkan2 5i3a ni3ai %a9;*3 3*>i1 k*i3 'a,i ni3ai t "## 'ian..a; n"n ,*akti#< t*ta;i >i3a ni3ai %a9;*3 3*>i1 %a9;*3 'a,i ni3ai t "##< ;*9*,ik%aan 'i3an. k*9>a3i (in';3iat*) '*n.an 9*9akai %a9;*3 /an. >a,2 6ika 1a%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan t*,%*>t 3*>i1 >*%a, 'a,i ni3ai t "## >*,a,ti 1a%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan ,*akti# t*,1a'a; HIV2 5i3a ni3ai %a9;*3 9*n'*kati ni3ai t "## ;*9*,ik%aan 3an. 'i3akkan ?4 9in.. k*9'ian ka,*na 'i1a,a;kan 'a3a9 ;*,i"'* t*,%*>t anti>"'/ /an. t*,>*ntk %'a1 'a;at t*,'*t*k%i2 Ha%i3 n*.ati@* ;a3% 'a;at t*,=a'i ka,*na ,*n'a1n/a tit*, anti>"'/ ata aki>at t*,a;i i99n"%;,*%i2 Ha%i3
;"%iti#
;a3% 'a;at t*,=a'i
;*9*,ik%aan2
8
ka,*na k*%a3a1an t*knik
2 &*%t*,n 53"t (&5) A%%a/ P*9*,ik%aan &5 9*,;akan
9*t"'*
%*t*3a1
'i3akkan
;*9*,ik%aan ;*n/a,in. 9i%a3n/a '*n.an EIA2 P*9*,ik%aan ini 'i3akkan ntk =i k"n#i,9a%i2 P,in%i; ;*9*,ik%aann/a a'a3a1 ,*ak%i anta,a anti>"'i anti HIV '*n.an anti.*n HIV2 P,"t*in /an. >*,a%a3 'a,i @i,% HIV 'i'*nat,a%i 'an %*3an=tn/a 'i;i%a1kan '*n.an 9*t"'* *3*kt,"#",*%i% '*n.an 9*n..nakan (SDS?PAGE)2 P,"t*in '*n.an >*,at 9"3*k3 >*%a, akan >*,9i.,a%i 3a9>at< %*'an.kan ;,"t*in '*n.an >*,at 9"3*k3 ,in.an akan >*,9i.,a%i 3*>i1 *;at2 S*3an=tn/a 'a,i .*3< ;,"t*in 'it,an%#*, k* 9*9>,an nit,"%*33"%* 'an 'i,*ak%ikan '*n.an %*,9 ;a%i*n2 S*3an=tn/a 'i3akkan @i%a3i%a%i 1in..a 1a%i3 &5 t*,3i1at %*>a.ai ;ita2 Ha%i3 'in/atakan ;"%iti# >i3a t*,'a;at ;ita %*k,an.?k,an.n/a 'a 'a,i anti.*n >*,ikt ini /ait< inti (Ga.) ;,"t*in (;4)< (*n@) .3ik";,"t*in (.;47) ata .; 7087+02 42 In'i,*t I99n"#3",*%*n* A%%a/% (IFA) U=i ini %*'*,1ana ntk 'i3akkan 'an wakt /an. 'i>t1kan 3*>i1 %*'ikit'an %*'ikit 3*>i1 9a1a3 'a,i =i Western blot. Antibodi Ig dilabel dengan ;*na9>a1an #3","k,"9 'an akan >*,ikatan ;a'a
anti>"'i
HIV =ika
>*,a'a
;a'a
%a9;*32
6ika
%3i'*
9*nn=kkan #3",*%*n %it";3a%9a 'ian..a; 1a%i3 ;"%iti# (,*akti#)< /an. 9*nn=kkan k*>*,a'aan anti>"'i HIV?72 >2 U=i Vi,"3".i Untk 'ia.n"%i% 'ik*9>an.kan
in#*k%i
'*t*k%i
HIV
anti.*n
%*3ain
'*t*k%i
'ianta,an/a
anti>"'i
'*n.an
=.a
9*n.k,
9*9akai 9*t"'* P"3/9*,a%* C1ain R*ati"n (PCR) ntk 9*n'*t*k%i a%a9nk3*at @i,% HIV2 D*n.an ;*n.k,an 'a,a1< 'a;at 'ini3ai
HIV RNA 'i 'a3a9
>*%a,n/a ,*;3ika%i @i,%2 -ia; @i,% HIV
9*9>awa 'a k";i RNA2 6ika 1a%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan 'i'a;atkan =93a1 HIV RNA %*>*%a, 0 000 k";i ;*, 93 9aka >*,a,ti 'i 'a3a9 tia; 9i3i3it*, 'a,a1 t*,'a;at 70 000 ;a,tik*3 RNA @i,% 'a3a9 ;3a%9a /an. 'a;at 'ik, %*a,a kantitati# 9*3a3i >*>*,a;a a,a 9i%a3n/a PCR<
9
5,an*' C1ain DNA (>?DNA)< 'an N3*i' Ai' S**n*?5a%*' A9;3i#iati"n (NAS5A)2
10
5A5 III PENU-UP
HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus) a'a3a1 @i,% /an. 'a;at 9*n/*>a>kan AIDS2 HIV t*,9a%k k*3a,.a @i,% ,*t," /ait @i,% /an. 9*9a%kan 9at*,i .*n*tikn/a k* 'a3a9 %*3 1"%;*%2 Vi,% HIV ini 'a;at 9*n/*>a>kan AIDS '*n.an a,a 9*n/*,an. %*3 'a,a1 ;ti1 /an. >*,na9a %*3 CD4 %*1in..a 'a;at 9*,%ak %i%t*9 k*k*>a3an t>1 9an%ia /an. ;a'a ak1i,n/a ti'ak 'a;at >*,ta1an 'a,i .an..an ;*n/akit wa3a;n /an. %an.at ,in.an %*ka3i;n2 P*9*,ik%aan 3a>",at",i9 ntk 9*nn=an. 'ia.n"%i% HIV a'a 9aa9 /ait =i i9n"3".i 'an =i @i,"3".i2 U=i i9n"3".i /an. 'i.nakan ntk 'ia.n"%i% HIV a'a3a1 '*t*k%i anti>"'/2 P*9*,ik%aan t*,%*>t t*,'i,i ata% ;*9*,ik%aan ;*n/a,in. '*n.an 9*t"'* ELISA 'an Ra;i'< %*'an.kan 9*t"'* &*%t*,n 53"t ata &5 'i.nakan ntk 9*9a%tikan 1a%i3 ;*9*,ik%aan ;*n/a,in.2 S*'an.kan ntk =i @i,"3".i t*,'i,i 'a,i PCR (P"3/9*,a%* C1ain R*ati"n) ntk 9*n'*t*k%i a%a9 nk3*at @i,%2
11
DAF-AR PUS-AKA
A< Y"@*3in*2< R< &a1/nin.%i12< Y< K9a3awati2< S< Sn.ka,2 002 Peran Rapid Oval HIV Tes alam iagnosis Infe!si HIV. Ma=a3a1 K*'"kt*,an In'"n*%ia2 D,9an< E'/ana2 072 iagnosis "erologi Infe!si Human Immunodeficiency Virus2 Ma=a3a1 K*'"kt*,an FK UKI 07 V"3 VIII N"22 D*;a,t*9*n Pat"3".i K3inik Fak3ta% K*'"kt*,an Uni@*,%ita% K,i%t*n In'"n*%ia G6< An'*,%"n2< Ci;"33a C< M2< R-< K*nn*'/2 0772 Western #lotting $sing %apillary &lectrop'oresis. Ann C3inia32 6S< Y*"92< 65< L**2< *t a332 00+2 &valuation of A (e T'ird *eneration &+I"A ,or T'e etection of HIV Infection. C3inia3 La>",at",/ "# Si*n*2 MA< P*%*2< KF< C1"w2< E< H"'2 00+2 HIV Antibody Testing. C3inia3 Pat1"3"./2 S< K1,ana2< P6< N",,i%2< *t a332 0702 HIV "electest &n-yme Immunoassay and Rapid Test. 6aka,ta : EGC S,i
Ha,ti<
A.n*%2<
'kk2
0742 Pemeri!saan
HIV
an
/
0etode
Imuno!romatografi Rapid Test "ebagai "creening Test ete!si Aids . 6,na3 K*%*1atan Ma%/a,akat Da*,a1 S,aka,ta2
12
LAMPIRAN
Interpretasi Pemeriksaan Multispot HIV-1HIV-!
13
Langka" Pemeriksaan #ni-$ol% &e'ombigen HIV
Langka" Pemeriksaan ra-)ui'k
14
