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Carrera: Profesorado Universitario de Inglés Instancia curricular: Fonética y Dicción I Cursada: anual Curso: 1° año Carga horaria: 6 (seis) horas Profesor: Malvina E. Massaro Año Lectivo: 2017
Mainstream Booklet
Compiled by Malvina Massaro
Handwr it ten IPA Well-drawn symbols are of paramount importance in a phonetic transcription. In this activity you will copy the shapes of the phonemes.
Source : http://digidownload.libero.it/mgtund/Spelling%20New%20English%20File/Consonant%20sound%20l ist.jpg from https://elt.oup.com/student/englishfile/preint/c_pronunciation/?cc=ca&selLanguage=en
Minimal
æ
ʌ
Pairs
cat
cut
ankle
uncle
ran
run
drank
drunk
ɜ:
ɔ:
match
much
work
ɪ
i
ship
sheep
walk
it
eat
bird
bored
hit
heat
fur
for
bin
bean
shirt
short
live
leave
sir
saw
æ
s
ʃ
eɪ
hat
hate
ship
sip
mad
made
she
sea
lack
lake
sure
sore
back
bake
shoot
suit
cap
cape
shy
sigh
t
s
θ
z
sip
zip
tin
thin
sue
zoo
true
through
place
plays
tree
three
rice
rise
taught
thought
ice
eyes
boat
both
r
l
s
θ
sin
thin
fry
fly
sum
thumb
right
light
sank
thank
grammar
glamour
sink
think
wrong
long
saw
thaw
wrist
list
ŋk
ŋ
think
thing
d
sank
sang
doze
those
bank
bang
day
they
rink
ring
dare
there
sunk
sung
den
then
dough
though
p
b
ð
pin
bin
w
v
pest
best
wine
vine
pig
big
west
vest
pit
bit
while
vile
poured
bored
wet
vet
wary
vary
æ
e
p
f
bat
bet
dad
dead
poor
four
pack
peck
pair
fair
sad
said
pine
fine
tan
ten
pill
fill
please
fleas
ɑ:
ɔ:
far
four
tart
taught
part
port
farm
form
barn
born
ʃ
tʃ
shoes
choose
sheep
cheap
wash
watch
mash
match
cash
catch
Spelling to Sound Correspondence
Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2016
Guidelines for Phonemic Transcription The following list is made up of a selection of tendencies that will surely help you transcribe. Although we may sometimes refer to them as “rules,” you should always remember that there are very few 100%safe rules in !nglish phonetics. "t#s important for you not to panic$ ou#ll be incorporating these concepts gradually as the course develops, and you will be coming bac& to them regularly. 'owever, it#s e(tremely useful to have a compendium of guidelines.
Script conventions: 1.
Phonemic script is enclosed by slant lines
... )a&e sure you do not write a slant after each word.
This is a phonemic transcription.
. CHr Hy ? e?!mh9lHj sqzm!rjqHoRm . *.
Phonetic or allophonic script is enclosed by s+uare brac&ets.
tell .!sdk.+ Z!sçd4\.
Ordinary spelling may be enclosed by angle brac&ets - in order to avoid confusion. .!ldr..
/.
As stress is a property of the whole syllable, stress marks are placed before the syllable begins.
hotel .g?T!sdk.
.
o not use capital letters in transcriptions.
Irish .!HqHR. London .!kUm$?m. 2.
subsequently .!rUarHj?mskh.
August .!"9#?rs. Wednesday .!dmy$dH.
o not use punctuation marks in transcriptions. a. ou may use a single bar 3 %4 to show pauses, such as most commas. b. A double bar 3 %%4 stands for a longer pause, such as full stops, semicolons or colons.
Well, I guess you’re wrong, oward. !an you thin" it o#er$
o not confuse letters with phonetic symbols. 6etters may be pronounced in a number of ways. 7honetic symbols, however, always stand for the same sound. .!#?T. can be .#. or .$,.8 go
gym
.!$,Hl.
.#. will always stand for a voiced velar plosive8 9.
gi#e .!#H. goose .!#)9r.
The following symbols are not English phonemes 8 -c, :, o, +, (, y.
Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2016
Phonemic inventory: ;.
There is a limited inventory of phonemes in !nglish. owels8 • 7ure vowels or monophthongs 1. ?elatively long .h9+ 9+ "9+ )9+ 9. *.
• • • •
10. Ce neat$ )a&e sure that you don#t confuse these pairs in your handwritten transcriptions8 a. .d+ ?. b. .?T+ T. c. .H+ h+ h9. d. .T+ )+ )9. e. .r+ R. f. .H+ T+ 9. g. ."9+ "H+ '. 11. >owel sounds are difficult to pronounce and recogniDe at first. Also, they differ +uite a lot depending on the spea&er#s accent. "n order to help you, we can either call the vowels of the General British accent by their number or standard lexical set .
Diphthon Lexical Set .H. 7?"@! .dH. A@! ."H. @'F"@! .d?.
1*. )iscellanea8 a. Ieneral Critish !nglish is a non-rhotic accent . That is, the sound .q. is only found before vowels. Therefore, letter -r is not pronounced before consonants or silence.
%ritish .!aqHsHR. &erman .!$,9l?m.
red .!qd$. hair .!gd?.
Prof. Francisco Zabala - 2016
b. The velar nasal consonant .(. is never found in wordinitial position. c. The voiceless glottal fricative .g. is never found in wordfinal position. d. The semivowels .&. and .. can only occur before vowels.
when .!dm. youth .!&)9*.
wow .!T. yea .!&dH.
e.
on#t confuse .H?. with .&?+ &d+ &U+ &9+ &z.J or .T?. with .?+ U+ 9+ z. . They differ in terms of which element in the se+uence is the more prominent. iphthongs have a more prominent first element, whereas in the semivowel + vowel clusters it is the vowel that has the more prominence. @f. ears .!H?y. yes .!&dr. @f. sure .!RT?. schwa .!R9.
f.
on#t use the happy end in .H+ T+ ?.-
.h. and the than&you .). vowels in diphthongs. iphthongs can only
'y cow .lH !jT. 3not .lh !j).4 g.
iphthongs may be followed by other vowels, especially schwa. )a&e sure you don#t use semivowels here. hour .!T?. 3not .!?.4 (ire .!eH?. 3not .!e&?.4 .!okdH?. 3not .!okd&?.4 player .!k"H?k. 3not .!k'&?k.4 loyal lower .!k?T?. 3not .!k'?.4
h. ?!<< .d., T?A7 .z., 6FT .'., FFT that they never occur wordfinally.
.T. and
i.
6!!@! .h9. ,
K.
The velar nasal .(. is normally preceded by chec&ed 3i.e. short4 vowels.