Lte Fdd User Guide

>> LTE FDD User Guide version 5.2.1

Copyright © 2010 Mentum S.A. All rights reserved.

Notice This document contains confidential and proprietary information of Mentum S.A. and may not be copied, transmitted, stored in a retrieval system, or reproduced in any format or media, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of Mentum S.A. Information contained in this document supersedes that found in any previous manuals, guides, specifications data sheets, or other information that may have been provided or made available to the user. This document is provided for informational purposes only, and Mentum S.A. does not warrant or guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, quality, validity, completeness or suitability for any purpose the information contained in this document. Mentum S.A. may update, improve, and enhance this document and the products to which it relates at any time without prior notice to the user. MENTUM S.A. MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WITH RESPECT TO THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN.

Trademark Acknowledgement Mentum, Mentum Planet, Mentum Ellipse, and Mentum Fusion are registered trademarks owned by Mentum S.A. MapInfo Professional is a registered trademark of PB MapInfo Corporation. RF-vu is a trademark owned by iBwave. This document may contain other trademarks, trade names, or service marks of other organizations, each of which is the property of its respective owner. Last updated October 15, 2010

Contents Chapter 1 Introduction

I

Features of Mentum Planet

ii

Project Explorer

ii

Site Editor

ii

Traffic Map Generator

ii

Interference Matrix Generator

iii

Neighbor List Generator

iii

Network Data Import Wizard

iii

Survey Data tool

iii

Subscriber Settings

iii

Data Manager

iv

MapInfo Professional

iv

Microwave Links

iv

Using this documentation

v

User documentation updates

v

Online Help

v

Online Help

vi

Resource Roadmap

vi

Knowledge Base

vi

Printing

vi

Library Search

vii

Frequently Asked Questions

vii

“What’s This?” Help

vii

User Guides

vii

Documentation library

vii

LTE FDD User Guidei

Notational conventions

viii

Textual conventions

viii

Organization of this user guide

ix

Contacting Mentum

x

Getting technical support

x

North America

x

Europe, Middle East, and Africa

x

Asia Pacific

x

Send us your comments

Chapter 2 Overview Of Mentum Planet Planning

xi

13

Network planning modeling best practices

14

Forecasting network traffic

15

Predicting the traffic of a target market

16

Traffic model outputs

16

Transforming census information into a traffic map

17

Geodata requirements

17

Workflow for WiMAXLTE network design using Mentum Planet

18

Chapter 3 Understanding The Fundamentals Of Mentum Planet

21

Understanding projects

23

Understanding project data types

24

Understanding MapInfo tables

24

Understanding grids

24

What is a grid?

25

Understanding grid types

25

Numeric grids

26

Classified grids

27

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Understanding project geodata

28

Heights folder

29

Clutter folder

29

Clutter Heights folder

30

Polygons folder

30

Custom folder

32

Understanding project files

33

Site files

33

Workspaces

34

Understanding the Project Explorer

35

Understanding the Project Explorer data window

38

Using multiple data windows

39

Access to commands

39

Defining user preferences

41

To define user preferences

41

User Preferences

43

Project Explorer

44

Performance

45

Zoom Automatically

46

User Preferences

48

Project Wizard Defaults

49

Geodata

50

Understanding the project folder structure

51

Creating and using workspaces

54

To create a workspace

54

To open a workspace

54

To associate a workspace with a project

55

Attaching files to a Mentum Planet project

56

To attach a file to a project

56

To open an attached file

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To remove an attached file from a project

57

Working with site sets

58

Master site set

58

Site subsets

59

Active site set

59

Site table

60

To switch the active site set

60

To change the active site set

61

To merge a subset into the active site set

62

To create a shared site set

62

To update a shared site set

62

To remove a site set

63

To rename a site set

63

To view the site set description

63

To edit the site set description

64

Working with map layers

65

To manipulate map layers with the Project Explorer

66

To manipulate map layers with the Layer Control

67

Working with geodata folders

69

To manage geodata files

69

To group geodata files

70

Defining the coordinate systems to use in a project

71

To define the coordinate system for sites

71

Defining color profiles

73

To choose color profiles

73

To create a color profile

74

Color Profiles

76

Color

77

Chapter 4 Creating A Project iv LTE FDD User Guide

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Understanding projects

80

Creating projects

81

To create a project

82

To view or edit project settings

83

Migrating projects

85

Improved data validation

85

Upgrade paths

85

Workflow for migrating Mentum Planet projects

87

To migrate projects from Mentum Planet 4.x or 5.x

88

Creating a network overlay

90

To create a network overlay

90

Opening and closing projects

92

To open a project

92

Restoring projects

94

To restore a project

94

Saving projects

95

To save a project

95

To back up a project

95

Chapter 5 Working With Propagation Models Workflow for propagation modeling

97 99

Workflow for model tuning

100

Understanding the role of propagation models

102

Understanding propagation model types

104

Planet General Model

104

PGM-A model

106

CRC-Predict model

107

Universal model

109

Q9 model

109

Longley-Rice model

111

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References

112

Understanding model tuning

114

Understanding clutter classes and clutter properties

115

Tuning the Planet General Model using AMT

116

To tune the Planet General Model using AMT

116

Planet Automatic Model Tuner

119

Toolbar

120

Tuner Type

121

Model Parameters

122

Correlation/Cross-Correlation Threshold Values

123

Tuning models using the Clutter Absorption Loss tuner

124

To tune a model using the Clutter Absorption Loss tuner

125

Clutter Absorption Loss Properties

127

Survey Distance

128

Number of Radials

129

Tuning a propagation model

130

Guidelines for model tuning

131

Creating and editing propagation models

132

To define a new propagation model

132

To edit propagation model settings

133

To view or hide unassigned propagation models

135

Chapter 6 Defining Network Settings

137

Understanding network settings

139

Technology types

139

Carriers

139

Modulations

140

Frame Setup

140

Workflow for defining network settings

142

Defining network settings

143

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To define network settings

143

To define frame configurations

144

Network Settings

145

Carriers

146

Network Settings

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Modulations

148

CINR To Spectral Efficiency Specification

149

Network Settings

152

Frame Setup

153

OFDM

154

Frame Configuration

155

LTE FDD Frame Editor

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Downlink

157

Cyclic Prefix

158

Control Channel

159

Overhead

160


161

Uplink

162

Cyclic Prefix

163

Demodulation Reference Signal

164

Sounding Reference Signal

164

Control Channel

165

Chapter 7 Configuring And Placing Sites

167

Workflow for configuring and placing sites

169

Using site templates

170

To create a site template

170

To rename a site template

171

To set the site template as active

171

To view a site template

171

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To delete a site template

171

Understanding sites and sectors

172

General site parameters

173

General sector parameters

173

Link parameters

174

Sector user data

174

Implementation parameters

174

Configuration parameters

175

Power parameters

175

Antenna Systems

176

Placing sites automatically

177

Determining site placement in the Basic mode

177

Determining site placement in the Advanced mode

178

To place sites in Basic mode

180

To place sites in Advanced mode

182

Automatic Site Placement Tool

184

Site Templates

185

Traffic

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187

Propagation Model

188

Frequency Band

189

Defining link configurations

190

Losses and gains

190

To define link configurations

193

To view or hide unassigned link configurations

193

Link Configuration Editor

195

Uplink/Reverse

196


197

Downlink/Forward

198

Creating and editing sites

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To create a new site

200

To edit site parameters

201

To create a new site based on an existing site

202

Site Editor

203

Link

204

Antennas

205

Predictions

206

Mode

207

Information

208

Site Editor

209

Sector - Implementation

210

Filter

211

Quality

213

Site Editor

214

Sector

215

Configuration

216

Segment

217

Preamble

218

Channels

219

Site Editor

220

Sector - Powers

221

Uplink Interference

223

Other System Interference

224

Chapter 8 Adding Repeaters

225

Understanding repeaters

227

Types of repeater implementations

228

Using split sectors

228

Using distributed antenna systems

229

Repeaters and predictions

229

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Workflow for adding repeaters to sectors

230

Adding repeaters to sectors

231

To add repeaters to sectors

231

Site Editor

234

Configuration

235

Carriers

236

Equipment

237

Site Editor

238

Donor

239

Type

240

Site Editor

242

Link

243

Service

244

Prediction

245

Isolation

246

Site Editor

247

Implementation

248

Filters

249

Quality

250

Locating repeaters in a Map window

251

To locate repeaters in a Map window

251

Chapter 9 Defining Subscribers

253

Understanding subscribers

255

Workflow for creating subscriber types

257

Defining subscriber equipment types

258

WiMAXLTE bearers

258

To define subscriber equipment types

258

Subscriber Settings

260

Equipment Types

261

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Hardware

262

Subscriber Settings

263

Equipment Types

264

Bearers

265

Modulations

266

Defining subscriber services

267

To define subscriber services

267

Subscriber Settings

268

Services

269

Load

270

Input Load

271

Activity Factors

272

Subscriber Settings

273

Services

274

Quality of Service

275

QoS Class

276

Defining subscriber types

278

Example

278

To define subscriber types

279

Subscriber Settings

281

Subscriber Types

283

Configuration

284

Usages

285

Defining environment settings

287

To define environment settings

289

Creating a fixed subscriber database

292

To create a fixed subscriber table

292

Chapter 10 Generating Network Analyses Understanding network analyses

293 294

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Prediction view files

294

Workflow for generating an analysis

295

Defining default analysis layers

296

To define default analysis layers

296

Common LTE Analysis Layers

297

Carrier-Specific LTE Analysis Layers

303

Defining default analysis settings

308

To define default analysis settings

308

Creating and generating a network analysis

309

To create and generate a network analysis

309

Network Analysis Wizard

311

Analysis

312

Best Server

313

Best Server Selection Based On

314

Number of Uplink Resource Blocks per User

315

Uplink Power Control

316


317

Network Analysis Wizard

318

System

319

Subscriber

320

Generating an existing analysis

321

To generate an existing analysis

321

Viewing analysis layers

322

To view analysis layers

322

Generating multiple analyses

323

To generate multiple analyses

323

Deleting analyses

324

To delete analyses

324

Recoloring best serving sector layers

325

To recolor best serving sector layers

325

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Examining layer statistics

326

Chapter 12 Generating Monte Carlo Simulations

327

Understanding Monte Carlo simulations

329

The phases of a Monte Carlo simulation

329

Placing subscribers in a random pattern

330

Sorting subscribers by priority

330

Analyzing the downlink and uplink

330

Generating operating points and subscriber information

332

Defining the number of Monte Carlo runs

333

Convergence method

333

Level of Convergence calculation

334

Factors affecting the required number of runs

335

Understanding Monte Carlo simulation layers

337

Workflow for generating a Monte Carlo simulation

341

Defining default Monte Carlo simulation settings

342

To define default Monte Carlo simulation settings

342

Creating and generating a Monte Carlo simulation

343

To create and generate a new Monte Carlo simulation

343

Monte Carlo Simulation Wizard

347

System

348

Subscriber Types

349


350

Analysis

351


352


353


354


355

Monte Carlo

356

Generating an existing Monte Carlo simulation

358

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To generate an existing simulation

358

Viewing simulation layers

359

To view simulation layers

359

Updating analysis cell loads with Monte Carlo results

360

To update analysis cell loads

360


361

To calculate layer statistics

362

Layer Statistics Analysis

367

Analysis Settings

368


374

Layers

375

Layer Information

376

Classification Settings

377

Creating reports

379

To create reports

379

Deleting simulation layers

382

To delete simulation layers

382

Chapter 12 Generating Fixed Subscriber Analyses

383

Understanding fixed subscriber analyses

384

Before you generate an analysis

384

How the analysis is performed

385

Editing fixed subscribers

387

To edit fixed subscribers using the Subscriber Editor

387

Generating and viewing a fixed subscriber analysis

388

To generate a fixed subscriber analysis

388

To view analysis results

389

Fixed Analysis Wizard

390

Analysis

391


392

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Preamble CINR Measurements

393

Probability of Collision

394

Prediction At

395

Analyzing a single fixed subscriber

396

To analyze a single subscriber

396

Chapter 13 Generating Frequency And PreamblePhysical Cell ID Plans Automatically

397

Understanding automatic frequency and physical cell ID planning

399

Frequency planning

399

Cell ID planning

399

Understanding frequency and physical cell ID planning constraints and costs

400

Frequency, preamble, and perm base planning constraints

400

Frequency and physical cell ID planning violation costs

400

Addressing frequency planning requirements

401

Single-channel PUSC subchannel group planning

401

Multi-channel frequency planning

402

Workflow for automatic frequency and cell ID planning

403

Creating a frequency plan

404

To create a frequency plan

404

To save current frequency and physical cell ID assignments

406

Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning

408

General

409

Interference Matrix

410

Plan Generation Option

411


412

Frequency

413

Interference Threshold

414

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Carrier Allocation Cost

415

Algorithm Ending

416


417

Physical Cell ID Planning

418

Optimization

419

Algorithm Ending

420

Setting up general frequency and physical cell ID planning parameters

421

To set up general frequency and physical cell ID parameters

421

Generating and viewing a frequency or physical cell ID plan

423

To generate a frequency or physical cell ID plan

423

Applying a frequency or physical cell ID plan to sectors

424

To apply a frequency plan to sectors

424

Chapter 14 Working With The Tabular Editor

425

Working with the Tabular Editor

426

To edit sites, flags, or link configurations

426

Chapter 15 Importing And Exporting Data

429

Importing, replacing, and exporting project data

430

Importing data

431

Replacing data

431

Exporting data

432

To export project data

432

To import project data

434

Importing network data into Mentum Planet projects

437

Binding network data

437

Viewing the results of data binding

437

To import network data

438

Chapter 16 Establishing Height Benchmarks xvi LTE FDD User Guide

441

Establishing height benchmarks

442

To establish height benchmarks for the closest point

442

To establish height benchmarks along multiple radials

443

Interpreting results

445

All_Radials.tab

445

Failing_Radials_Summary.tab

446

Site_Summary

446

How to interpret radial color

446

HBM Analysis Settings

448

Appendix A Mentum Planet File Types

451

Understanding project folders and files

452

Project files

452

Output files

453

MapInfo files

454

LTE FDD User Guidexvii

Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction This User Guide provides an overview of the full life cycle of a wireless network, and includes information on the tools and procedures that are common to all network technologies. Many procedures, for example network analyses, are dependent on the technology being used, and are not included in this User Guide. For more information on technologyspecific procedures, see the appropriate User Guide. This chapter covers the following topics: Features of Mentum Planet

ii

Using this documentation

v

Contacting Mentum

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LTE FDD User Guide

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Chapter 1

Features of Mentum Planet Mentum Planet provides you with all the tools you need to accurately design, analyze, and optimize wireless networks. You can add extensions and enable additional technologies to support the planning functions that you require. Below is a list of some of the main features of Mentum Planet. This list is not comprehensive. For a detailed feature list, go to the Mentum web site at http://www.mentum.com.

Project Explorer The Project Explorer organizes all components of a project into a hierarchical structure, enabling you to easily manage all project-related data including sites, project information, network analyses, network data, and surveys. You can sort components such as sites and antenna patterns by their characteristics and manage support documents such as census tract data, capacity planning information, or RF design review documents. Shortcut menus give you quick access to a wide variety of commands.

Site Editor The Site Editor brings together all the parameters you need to specify when defining base station technologies, sites, and sectors. This includes the link configuration, the implementation settings as well as general site and sector settings.

Traffic Map Generator Using the Traffic Map Generator, you can create traffic maps based on various sources of data, including market information, demographics, vehicular traffic, and switch statistics. You can combine this information with clutter information for your coverage area for an even more accurate assessment of traffic loading for your wireless network. You can also scale traffic maps to better meet your requirements.

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Interference Matrix Generator The Interference Matrix Generator analyzes the potential for co-channel and adjacent-channel interference in your wireless network. If required, you can include traffic map information in the interference matrix calculations. Interference matrices are required input for the Neighbor List Generator and the Automatic Frequency Preamble and Perm Base Planning tool.

Neighbor List Generator You can use the Neighbor List Generator to create, view, edit, and compare neighbor lists for single-technology networks and for multitechnology networks. Neighbor lists can be based on cell adjacency or interference. Multiple user-defined criteria determine neighbor selection. You can also import and export neighbor lists.

Network Data Import Wizard You can import switch statistics for use in traffic maps, interference matrices, neighbor lists, and other Mentum Planet analysis tools. Performance-related data you can import includes dropped call rates, blocked call rates, and traffic levels. The Network Data tool can also produce a thematically mapped display of the imported data by sector.

Survey Data tool Using the Survey Data node in the Project Explorer, you can import, manage, and visualize survey data.

Subscriber Settings The Subscriber Settings dialog box contains all the parameters you need to define the characteristics of your network subscribers including the

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mobile equipment and services they use as well as the Quality of Service thresholds.

Data Manager The Data Manager enables you to store data centrally and manage projects more efficiently, thus facilitating project collaboration and data sharing.

MapInfo Professional Mentum Planet includes a full version of MapInfo Professional, an industry standard mapping tool that gives you access to a full suite of raster and vector analysis tools, cartographic-quality tools, and advanced thematic mapping capabilities. For a list of new features in MapInfo 10.5, see the MapInfo Professional User Guide.

Microwave Links You can visualize microwave transmission links within the context of your Mentum Planet projects and perform basic microwave planning tasks when designing your wireless network. A new Microwave category in the Project Explorer provides access to Mentum Ellipse Quick Link features through various shortcut commands. In addition, you can create a microwave link between two sites by selecting the sites in the Project Explorer Sites category and using the shortcut commands. You can also view links in the Map window. For more information, see the Microwave Link Planning User Guide.

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Introduction

Using this documentation Before using this documentation, you should be familiar with the Windows environment. It is assumed that you are using the standard Windows XP desktop, and that you know how to access ToolTips and shortcut menus, move and copy objects, select multiple objects using the Shift or Ctrl key, resize dialog boxes, expand and collapse folder trees. It is also assumed that you are familiar with the basic functions of MapInfo ProfessionalÒ. MapInfo Professional functions are not documented in this User Guide. For information about MapInfo Professional, see the MapInfo online Help and MapInfo Professional User Guide. You can access additional MapInfo user documentation from the Pitney Bowes Business Insight website at http://www.pbinsight.com/support/product-documentation. All product information is available through the online Help. You access online Help using the Help menu or context-sensitive Help from within a dialog box by pressing the F1 key. If you want to view the online Help for a specific panel or tab, click in a field or list box to activate the panel or tab before you press the F1 key. The following sections describe the structure of the online Help.

User documentation updates User documentation is continually evolving to address feedback or introduce improvements. You can download the latest user documentation from the Customer Care Product Downloads page where it is available as a separate download from the software.

Online Help From the Help menu, you can access online Help for Mentum Planet software and for MapInfo Professional. This section describes the structure of the Mentum Planet online Help. The online Help provides extensive help on all aspects of software use. It provides

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n

help on all dialog boxes

n

procedures for using the software

n

an extensive Mentum Planet documentation library in PDF format

Online Help The following sections provide details about the resources available through the online Help. Resource Roadmap When you first use the online Help, start with the Resource Roadmap. It describes the types of resources available in the online Help and explains how best to use them. It includes a step-by-step guide that walks you through the available resources. Knowledge Base You can access the Knowledge Base maintained by the Customer Care group by clicking the Knowledge Base button on the online Help toolbar. The Knowledge Base contains current information on Mentum products such as Frequently Asked Questions, How To procedures as well as solutions to issues. Printing You have two basic options for printing documents: n

n

If you want a good quality print of a single procedure or section, you can print from the Help window. Click Print in the Help window. If you want a higher quality print of a complete User Guide, use Adobe Reader to print the supplied print-ready PDF file contained in the Mentum Planet documentation library. Open the PDF file and choose File Print.

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Library Search You can perform a full-text search on all PDF files contained in the Mentum Planet documentation library if you are using a version of Adobe Reader that supports full-text searches. The PDF files are located in the Mentum\Planet\Help\User Guides folder. You can also perform a search on all online Help topics by clicking the Search tab in the Help window. Type a keyword, and click List Topics to display all Help topics that contain the keyword. The online Help duplicates the information found in the User Guide PDF files in order to provide more complete results. It does not duplicate the information in the Release Notes, or Glossary. Frequently Asked Questions The Frequently Asked Questions section provides answers to common questions about Mentum Planet. For easy navigation, the section is divided into categories related to product functionality. “What’s This?” Help “What’s This?” Help provides detailed explanations of all dialog boxes. User Guides All User Guides for Mentum Planet software is easily accessible as part of the online Help.

Documentation library Mentum Planet comes with an extensive library of User Guides in PDF format. You can access PDF versions of the user guides by navigating to the Help/User Guides folder within the Mentum Planet installation folder or by choosing the Guides command from the Mentum Planet Help menu. Additional documents, including Application Notes and Technical Notes, are available at http://www.mentum.com.

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Notational conventions This section describes the textual conventions and icons used throughout this documentation.

Textual conventions Special text formats are used to highlight different types of information. The following table describes the special text conventions used in this document. Bold text is used in procedure steps to identify a user interface element such as a dialog box, menu item, or button. bold text

For example: In the Select Interpolation Method dialog box, choose the Inverse Distance Weighting Option, and click Next. Courier text is used in procedures to identify text that you must type.

courier text

Courier text is used in procedures to identify text that a user must type. For example: In the File Name box, type Elevation.grd.

bright blue text

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Bright blue text is used to identify a link to another section of the document. Click the link to view the section.

Introduction

Menu arrows are used in procedures to identify a sequence of menu items that you must follow. For example, if a step reads “Choose File Open,” you would click File and then click Open. Angle brackets are used to identify variables. <>

For example, if a menu item changes depending on the chosen unit of measurement, the menu structure would appear as Display .

Organization of this user guide This user guide is organized according to the workflow that you would typically follow to model and analyze a network and contains detailed information related to all of the main steps in the workflow. Secondary or optional steps in the workflow include references to manuals contained in the Mentum Planet documentation library. Each chapter in this guide provides details about how to perform a step in the planning process and explains how it relates to the other steps. Before you begin, you should read the “Understanding...” sections in each chapter for an overview of the planning process.

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Contacting Mentum Mentum is committed to providing fast, responsive technical support. This section provides an extensive list of contacts to help you through any issues you may have. We also welcome any comments about our documentation. Customer feedback is an essential element of product development and supports our efforts to provide the best products, services, and support we can.

Getting technical support You can get technical support by phone or email, or by visiting the Self-Service Portal on the Mentum website at http://www.mentum.com/index.php?page=customer-care&hl=en_US. North America Phone: +1 866 921-9219 (toll free), +1 819 483-7094 Fax: +1 819 483-7050 Email: [email protected] Hours: 9am – 7pm EST/EDT (Monday-Friday, excluding local holidays) Europe, Middle East, and Africa Phone: +33 1 39264642 Fax: +33 1 39264601 Email: [email protected] Hours: 9am – 6pm CET/CEST (Monday-Friday, excluding local holidays) Asia Pacific Phone: +852 2593 1287 Fax: +852 2593 1234 Email: [email protected] Hours: 9am – 6pm HKT (Monday-Friday, excluding local holidays)

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Introduction

When you call for technical support, ensure that you have your product ID number and know which version of the software you are running. You can obtain this information using the About command from the Help menu. When you request technical support outside of regular business hours, a Product Support Specialist will respond the next working day by telephone or email, depending upon the nature of the request.

Send us your comments Feedback is important to us. Please take the time to send comments and suggestions on the product you received and on the user documentation shipped with it. Send your comments to: [email protected]

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Overview Of Mentum Planet Planning

Chapter 2 Overview Of Mentum Planet Planning Using Mentum Planet, you can model networks designed for WiMAXLTE communication. This chapter describes key planning processes and the workflow you should adopt. This chapter covers the following topics: Network planning modeling best practices

14

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Chapter 2

Network planning modeling best practices As with any communication network, the cornerstones of the network planning process are: n

balancing coverage, quality, and capacity

n

minimizing costs and complexity

To design a network that successfully addresses these basic tenets of network planning, you need to create an accurate model of the radio propagation and of the subscriber traffic. The accuracy of the network model is highly dependent on the accuracy of the data you use as the foundation of the project. When you create a Mentum Planet project, you must have: n

up-to-date geodata

n

accurate and up-to-date survey data

n

n

tuned propagation models that are appropriate for the environment and data accurate and up-to-date site configuration information

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Forecasting Network Traffic

Forecasting network traffic When analyzing a fixed WiMAX network, the traffic loading at each sector is calculated based on the location of subscribers across the network, their utilization of network resources, and the modulation assigned to them. Higher modulation formats means that a subscriber can support more traffic. For example, if a subscriber is assigned a modulation of 16QAM, they will support more traffic than a subscriber with a modulation of QPSK. Knowing the location of users within a WiMAX network is an important network design element. A network is designed to support the expected traffic and the quality of the design depends on how well the demand (i.e., the traffic model) and the capacity match. This is particularly true for WiMAX, which uses adaptive modulation. For this reason, it is very important that high-traffic areas are served with high signal quality in order to improve the overall system capacity. When designing a new network, the traffic forecast typically comes from marketing assessments while traffic models can be created from the network traffic reports. There are various methods in Mentum Planet to generate traffic so that all stages of network design are covered (i.e., from the early stages of a new greenfield network to the later stages of a live network). When analyzing a network, the traffic loading at each sector is calculated based on the location of subscribers across the network, their utilization of network resources, and the modulation assigned to them. Higher modulation formats means that a subscriber can support more traffic. For example, if a subscriber is assigned a modulation of 16QAM, they will support more traffic than a subscriber with a modulation of QPSK. Knowing the location of users within a network is an important network design element. A network is designed to support the expected traffic and the quality of the design depends on how well the demand (i.e., the traffic model) and the capacity match. This is particularly true for LTE, which uses adaptive modulation. For this reason, it is very important that high-traffic areas are served with high signal quality in order to improve the overall system capacity.

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Predicting the traffic of a target market The first stage of designing a network is to determine where the demand will be (i.e., where potential subscribers are located). Using the GIS features of MapInfo and Mentum Planet, you can identify regions where demand for services exist. There are various types of data upon which you can base your market prediction: n

n

n

Census information: this data provides information such as population, income, and age. This data is generally vector based. Clutter data: this data provides land use information. This data is generally raster based. Telecom related data: this data provides information such as mobile phone subscriber density, Internet connection density, and other related parameters that can be useful in identifying the location of potential subscribers. The processing of this data is very much dependent on the format (vector or raster) and units.

Processing the data can take many forms and requires that you understand some of the Mentum Planet GIS features. The proposed sequence of data processing described here should be seen as an example and might not be applicable to your situation.

Traffic model outputs When modeling the traffic of a market, the objective is to spatially represent the density of potential subscribers. Such values are continuous in nature and will therefore be best represented by a numeric grid (.grd file). You can generate a grid of the market demand using the GIS and traffic modeling features of Mentum Planet.



Transforming census information into a traffic map Because census information is generally provided in a vector format where attributes (such as the population) are attached to a region, you will need to transform this information into a traffic map. For information on generating traffic maps, see Chapter 9, “Working with Traffic Maps”, in the Mentum Planet User Guide.

Geodata requirements Predicting network propagation accurately is highly dependent on the quality and type of geographical data (i.e., geodata) you use. Table 1.1 indicates the suitability of common data types for the different technologies. Table 1.1 Data requirements for various data types

Data Type (Meters)

Frequency Range (GHz) Greater 2.5-3.6 GHz 2.5-3.6 GHz Than 3.6 Nomadic/Mobile Fixed GHz Fixed

20-30 meter resolution height and clutter (land use) data

Acceptable

5-meter resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM)

Difficult to use with standard models

High-resolution 3D model (i.e., vector building models and high-resolution clutter data)

Ideal for urban areas

Acceptable Not sufficient for LOS estimation Difficult to Ideal for use with LOS standard analysis at models low cost

Ideal for Ideal for urban areas urban areas

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Workflow for WiMAXLTE network design using Mentum Planet The workflow outlined in this section shows the typical order of steps only. Depending on your work practices, you may not complete the steps in the same order. Step 1

Gather information about potential site locations, collect electronic antenna patterns, and obtain required geodata.

Step 2

If required, prepare your data. n

n

Verify that your data is in a format that Mentum Planet 5 can use. See the Grid Analysis User Guide for information on importing grids. If you want to perform propagation model tuning or generate merged predictions, you need to import survey data. See the Mentum Planet User Guide for information on importing and filtering surveys.

Step 3

Customize your Mentum Planet environment by specifying default settings and actions for projects.

Step 4

Create a new project or open an existing project. A Mentum Planet project stores all the information required to simulate the network. In other words, it contains the network and all details related to it. You can create a project with as little as a DTM and later add a clutter grid, propagation models, and so on. The Project Wizard makes project creation simple.

Step 5

Define network settings.

Step 6

Configure and place sites. At this stage of the workflow, you place sites using the default propagation models. You can later create and fine tune propagation models to suit your requirements.



Step 7

Optionally, create the groups and flags you need to organize and manage sites. See “Chapter 2: Working with Sites and Sectors” in the Mentum Planet User Guide.

Step 8

Define propagation models. Propagation models are the basis of predictions.

Step 9

Optionally, compare and analyze survey data. See “Chapter 5: Managing Survey Data” in the Mentum Planet User Guide.

Step 10 Optionally, generate predictions. You can generate predictions independent of network analyses or as part of the network analysis process. See “Chapter 8: Generating Predictions” in the Mentum Planet User Guide. Step 11 Optionally, generate traffic maps for the services and area that you plan to analyze. See “Chapter 10: Working with Traffic Maps” in the Mentum Planet User Guide. Step 12 Define subscriber attributes including equipment and services. Step 13 Define environment settings for each clutter class. Step 14 Generate a nominal analysis or a Monte Carlo simulation and view results. Step 15 Generate and review layer statistics. Step 16 Optionally, generate interference matrices in order to determine whether there is potential interference between sectors. See “Chapter 11: Working with Interference Matrices” in the Mentum Planet User Guide. Step 17 Optionally, generate neighbor lists in order to examine the effect neighboring sites have on network coverage and capacity. See “Chapter 12: Working with Neighbor Lists” in the Mentum Planet User Guide. Step 18 Optionally, create a frequency plan and preamblephysical cell ID plan.

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Step 19 Optionally, create coverage map reports. See “Chapter 15: Generating Reports” in the Mentum Planet User Guide.


Understanding The Fundamentals Of Mentum Planet

Chapter 3 Understanding The Fundamentals Of Mentum Planet In order to work effectively with Mentum Planet, it is important that you have an understanding of basic Mentum Planet concepts. This chapter covers the following topics: Understanding projects

23

Understanding project data types

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Understanding project geodata

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Understanding project files

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Understanding the Project Explorer

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Defining user preferences

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User Preferences

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Project Explorer

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Performance

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Zoom Automatically

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User Preferences

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Project Wizard Defaults

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Geodata

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Understanding the project folder structure

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Creating and using workspaces

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Attaching files to a Mentum Planet project

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Working with site sets

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Working with map layers

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Working with geodata folders

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Defining the coordinate systems to use in a project

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Defining color profiles

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Color Profiles

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Color

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Understanding projects A project contains and organizes all of the information pertaining to a particular wireless network. This includes n

digital terrain models

n

clutter information

n

propagation models

n

site locations

n

sector equipment, including antennas

n

sector groups

n

link configurations

n

flags

n

traffic maps

n

survey data

n

network data

n

any documents you want to attach to the project

A project also contains the results of predictions and network analyses made on the basis of this information.

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Understanding project data types For GIS data, Mentum Planet uses MapInfo tables and grids. An understanding of these types of data will help you to use Mentum Planet effectively.

Understanding MapInfo tables Tables are like spreadsheets. Each row in a table contains one record, and each column in the record contains information about a particular field. In Mentum Planet , MapInfo tables store n

site data, such as site name, sector name, and various site and sector labels

n

points, such as tower locations or survey result

n

lines and polylines, such as roads

n

polygons, such as bodies of water or county boundaries

Once you have opened a table, you can view the contents of each record by choosing Window New Browser Window.

Understanding grids Grid data is the best way to represent phenomena that vary continuously through space. Elevation, signal strength, path loss, and signal interference are excellent examples of properties that are distributed in constantly varying degrees through space and are best represented in grid format. Grids are part of the raster data format. Regions, points, and lines are part of the vector data format. A grid can be used to effectively visualize the trends of geographic information across an area. Grids enable you to quickly compare and query layers of information, create new derived grids, or analyze grid layers for such unique properties as visual exposure, proximity, density, or slope. There are two types of Mentum Planet grids: numeric grids and classified grids. For more information, see “Numeric grids” and ““Classified grids”.



What is a grid? A grid is made up of regularly spaced square cells, called bins, where each bin has a value and a color representing the value. If there are several bins between two known locations, the change in color between these bins indicates how the values change. All data that varies through space is captured at discrete sample locations where the value is known. For example, an RF engineer performs a survey to record the signal strength from a sector. Readings are collected every second. In a vectorbased GIS system, there are limited ways to portray this kind of data. Some of the more traditional ways are to label each individual sample location with the known value, to create graduated symbols at each sample site where the symbol size reflects the sample’s value, or to generate contour lines or contour regions depicting locations of equal value (see Figure 3.1). Another common method of displaying survey data in a vector-based GIS system is to thematically shade points based on signal strength.

Figure 3.1: Three examples of how a traditional vector-based GIS system displays data that varies continuously. The problem with these methods is that it is difficult to portray how the data changes between known locations. Grids, on the other hand, easily display how the data changes between locations.

Understanding grid types Mentum Planet supports two types of grids:

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n

numeric grids—use numeric attribute information

n

classified grids—use character attribute information

Numeric grids One example of a numeric grid is a DEM, where each bin is referenced to a value measured in units of height above sea level (see Figure 3.2). Numeric grids are best used to define continuously varying surfaces of information, such as elevation, in which bin values are either mathematically estimated from a table of point observations or assigned real numeric values. For example, in Figure 3.2 each bin was calculated (interpolated) from a table of recorded elevation points. In Mentum Planet , numeric grid files are given the extension .grd. Numeric grids have a corresponding .tab file containing important metadata that describes the grid file.

Figure 3.2: Numeric grid showing the continuous variation of elevation across an area



Classified grids Classified grids are best used to represent information that is more commonly restricted to a defined boundary. They are used in the same way that a region is used to describe a boundary area, such as a land classification unit or a census district. In this case, the grid file does not represent information that varies continuously over space. In Figure 3.3 a land classification grid displays each bin with a character attribute attached to it that describes the land type underlying it. A common type of classified grid is a Best Serving Sector analysis layer. In Mentum Planet , classified grid files use a .grc file extension. Classified grids have a corresponding .tab file containing important metadata that describes the grid file.

Figure 3.3: Classified grid representing land use (called a clutter file) where each bin is referenced to a descriptive attribute TIP: Grids can easily be converted to vector format by contouring and vector-based data can be converted to grids. For more information, see “Creating Grids Using Other Methods”, in the Grid Analysis User Guide.

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Understanding project geodata Project geodata includes digital terrain models, clutter files, building outlines, region files along with other data required to accurately model a network. All geodata files must be saved in a geodata folder (using the naming convention of your choice) but the folder itself can be saved locally or remotely depending on your work requirements. The geodata folder must, however, contain a folder called “Heights” where the elevation file is saved and a folder called “Clutter”. The Clutter folder can be empty if you are not using clutter. In Mentum Planet , geodata is organized into categories that are reflected in the following folder structure: n

n

n

n

n

Heights—a mandatory folder that contains DEM files used to define the height of the terrain above sea level. Clutter—a mandatory folder that contains files used to describe land classification or land use. While it’s mandatory to have this folder within the Geodata folder, you do not have to associate a clutter file with the project. Clutter Heights—an optional folder that contains files used to define the height of clutter Above Ground Level (AGL). Polygons—an optional folder that contains files used to define 3D regions building models. Custom—an optional folder that contains geographic files that do not fit into the other geodata folders. This folder is typically used to store 2D vector data such as streets and demographic data.

Each folder can contain multiple files, each of a different resolution and/or coverage. TIP: Specialized geodata is available from Mentum. See the Mentum Geodata web page at http://www.mentum.com/index.php?page=geodata&hl=en_US.



CAUTION: Files in the Heights, Clutter, Clutter Heights, and Polygons folder should use the same map projection. Files in the Custom folder do not have to use the same map projection as other geodata files.

Heights folder The Heights folder contains one or more Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). Each grid (.grd) file contains, for each bin, the height in meters or feet of the terrain above sea level. Using Mentum Planet , you can build height files from point data or use many industry standard data formats. Each height file has a corresponding .tab file that contains important metadata about the grid file. When the Heights folder contains multiple grid files, each grid file must use the same coordinate system, but may have a different resolution. The primary height file, defined on the Geodata tab in the Project Settings dialog box, should geographically contain all of the other grid files in the Heights folder.

Clutter folder The Clutter folder contains one or more clutter files in classified grid (.grc) format. Each classified grid file contains, for each bin, the clutter class that covers the majority of the bin. Clutter files are derived from aerial/satellite imagery or generated from digitized maps. Each clutter file has a corresponding .tab file that contains important metadata about the classified grid file. You are not required to choose a clutter file when you create a project. However, using clutter files is fundamental to increasing the accuracy of predictions when using propagation models that support clutter attenuation parameters (e.g., CRC-Predict and the Planet General Model). Without land-use information, predictions cannot model the effects of man-made structures or trees. When the Clutter folder contains multiple classified grid files, each classified grid file must use the same coordinate system, but may have a

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different resolution. The primary clutter file, defined on the Geodata tab in the Project Settings dialog box, should geographically contain all of the other classified grid files in the Clutter folder.

Clutter Heights folder The Clutter Heights folder is an optional folder that contains one or more clutter height files in numeric grid format. Each grid (.grd) file specifies, for each bin, the mean height above ground level of the clutter specified in the clutter file over the bin. Height values must always be greater than or equal to -400 m. Clutter height files are particularly useful in urban environments, for high resolution clutter files, to describe the height of buildings at the bin level. It is also useful for lower resolution clutter files to describe clutter heights with more granularity wherever the height of a clutter is not uniform over the covered area. In this case, you would use a lower resolution grid file to specify average clutter height, and a higher resolution grid file to provide more precise clutter height information. When the Clutter Heights folder contains multiple grid files, each grid file must use the same coordinate system. NOTE: You must add files to the Clutter Heights folder manually. See “To manage geodata files”.

NOTE: Not all propagation models use clutter height information. If the model you are using does not support clutter height data, you can create a classified grid from the clutter height data and merge it with the clutter file.

Polygons folder The Polygons folder is an optional folder that contains one or more polygon files in MapInfo table (.tab) format. Each row in a table file specifies a polygon or region object. Typically, individual polygon files are used to define polygons



of different types (e.g., one polygon table defines building contours, and another defines vegetation contours). Polygon table files must contain at least the columns specified in Table 2.1, while 3D polygon tables files must also contain either of the columns specified in Table 2.2. Tables may contain other columns such as street address, building population, attenuation factor, or other user-defined or model-specific columns. Table 2.1 Required polygon table columns Field name

Type

Comment

Polygon_ Character Unique ID to represent each polygon ID (64) object Polygon_ Character Descriptive information about a polygon; Type (256) such as, “Building”, “Vegetation”, or “Water”. Height values for 3D polygons are specified in either this AMSL or AGL column. Polygons are considered 2D when a polygon table file does not contain either the AMSL or AGL columns. Table 1 Table 2.2 Required 3D polygon table columns Field Type Name

Comment

AMSL Float A floating point number representing the height above average mean sea level. AGL

Float A floating point number representing the height above ground level.

NOTE: The measurement unit used by values in the AMSL and AGL columns are specified in the metadata associated with the .tab file. Use the following integer values to specify measurement units: n 2—Inches n 3—Feet

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n n n

5—Millimeters 6—Centimeters 7—Meters

When the Polygons folder contains multiple table files, each table file must use the same coordinate system as the primary heights file. NOTE: You must add files to the Polygons folder manually. See “To manage geodata files”.

Custom folder The Custom folder is an optional folder that contains one or more geographic files that do not fit in the other geodata folders. The following are some examples of geographic files that you would add to the Custom folder: n

boundaries

n

road networks

n

railway networks

n

water ways

n

aerial or satellite photos

Mentum Planet can display custom data if it is a MapInfo grid or table file. For other types of custom data, Mentum Planet will use an appropriate application with which to display the chosen custom data. NOTE: You must add files to the Custom folder manually. See “To manage geodata files”.



Understanding project files When you create a project in Mentum Planet , you are prompted to select a project folder, specify the project heights grid file and, optionally, a project clutter file. You must also define the project technologies, the default settings files, and the coordinate system. The site set is automatically created.

Site files When you create a project, a default site set is added to the Project Data category of the Project Explorer as shown in Figure 3.1. A site set defines a collection of sites and contains the site data. You can create multiple site sets within a Mentum Planet project but only one site set is active at any one time. It is the active site set that you modify when you change site parameters. Using multiple site sets enables you to have several versions of the same network available and offers more flexibility to create and analyze “What-If” scenarios. See “Working with site sets”. The site information required to display sites in the Map window is duplicated in the site table (i.e., in the .tab file) as shown in “Appendix A: Site Table Format”. Additional site table columns are also available if you want to query the site data using MapBasic functionality; however, you cannot update site data by modifying the .tab file as this data is always updated from the internal Mentum Planet project,which is held inmemory and stored in the project file. You can update site sets using the Tabular Editor or Import/Export Wizard. CAUTION: To update the site table (.tab) file, right-click the Sites node and choose Update Site File. Site updates are not automatically added to the site table. CAUTION: Do not update the site table manually using MapBasic or MapInfo functionality.

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Workspaces A workspace (.wor) file records which MapInfo files are open, the position of each Map window and the properties of each layer it contains. You can save your working configuration to a workspace file whenever you want. This feature is particularly useful for features such as print layouts. If you associate a workspace with a project, that workspace is opened whenever you open the project. Use of a workspace is optional. If you do not use a workspace, Mentum Planet will automatically save the initial workspace configuration when you close your project. The initial workspace configuration will be restored when you reopen the project unless you choose to use a workspace and have enabled the Workspace Autosave feature. For more information on workspaces, see “Creating and using workspaces”.



Understanding the Project Explorer The Project Explorer simplifies viewing and manipulation of Mentum Planet project data. It provides n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

tree representation of hierarchical relationships such as groups and sites, sites and sectors, analyses and analysis layers an indicator showing the number of sites and sectors contained in the Sites node and individual Group nodes; for example, if a group name is followed by [10/25/76/5] (see Figure 3.1), then there are 10 sites, 25 base stations, 76 sectors, and 5 repeaters contained in the group. Data Manager status bar, indicating the project status in Data Manager (if applicable) easy access to all information about a site, sector, or group right-click access to relevant commands mouse operations (e.g., drag and drop) for tasks such as adding a site to a group copy and paste operations easy access to Restore functionality where minimized dialog boxes (e.g., the Prediction Generator dialog box and the Point-to-Point dialog box) can be maximized again.

The Project Explorer is present whenever a project is open, and is initially docked at the left side of the application window. You can also dock the Project Explorer on the right side of the application window by dragging it to the right side of the screen. Drag the Project Explorer to the left side of the screen to once again dock it on the left side of the application window. When docked, only the width of the Project Explorer is resizable.

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You can also undock the Project Explorer by dragging it to any location on the screen. When undocked, both the height and width of the Project Explorer are resizable. Drag the Project Explorer to the left or right side of the screen to once again dock it with the application window. Hide TIP: If you want to hide the Project Explorer from view, choose View Project Explorer. Choose View Show Project Explorer to once again view the Project Explorer.



Figure 3.1: Project Explorer The Project Explorer can contain one, two, or three data windows. The Data Window control buttons, located just below the title bar, control how many data windows the Project Explorer displays.

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Button

Function

Adds another data window at the bottom of the Project Explorer. The button is unavailable when there are three data windows. Removes the bottom data window in the Project Explorer. The button is unavailable when there is only one data window. Updates the content of the Project Explorer. To reorder items in the Sites category, right-click the Groups, Repeaters, or Sites node and choose Refresh.

Understanding the Project Explorer data window Project information is divided into several broad categories: n

Network Analyses

n

Operational Data

n

Project Data

n

RF Tools

n

Sites

n

Microwave

n

Windows

A data window displays a single category of information as a tree view. You select the category from the Category list. The items in the tree view are generically called nodes. Specific nodes are always referred to by name. A node can be n

n

a collection of nodes of one type, such as the Groups node, which is a collection of Group nodes an item that contains subordinate items, such as a site that contains sectors



The tree view represents hierarchical relationships graphically. You can expand or collapse nodes to reveal or hide subordinate nodes as needed. You can define some relationships by dragging nodes. For example: n

n

To add a site to a group, drag the site into the group from the Sites node. To change the order of layers in a Map window, drag the layer to where you want it in the list of map layers.

Using multiple data windows If you configure the Project Explorer with multiple data windows, you can n

n

view multiple categories of information at once view different parts of a lengthy tree view so that you can easily perform mouse drag operations between them

By default, a category can only be viewed in one data window at a time. For information on how to view the same category in more than one data window, see “Defining user preferences”.

Access to commands When you right-click on any node, you access a shortcut menu of commands that apply to that type of node. For example, the following menu appears when you right-click on a site node.

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Figure 3.2: Right-click commands Each shortcut menu has a default command that appears in bold. For example, the default command for a site node is Edit. You can access these default commands quickly by double-clicking a node. You can make multiple selections by holding the Shift or Ctrl key while clicking nodes, and then right-click to perform a command on all of them. In this case, the shortcut menu contains only commands that are valid for multiple nodes. For example, if you right-click on multiple sites, the New Sector command is not available. You can add a sector to only one site at a time.



Defining user preferences In the User Preferences dialog box, you can specify default settings and actions for Mentum Planet . These defaults are maintained between Mentum Planet sessions and upgrades and preserved across all projects. Preferences are user-specific so in a centralized work environment (such as when using Citrix or Windows Terminal Server), user preferences are unique to the individual who defines them. User preferences are divided into the following categories: n

n

n

n

n

n

General—Mentum Planet startup actions and project data validation settings Units—units to be used across the project as well as the project coordinate system. Project Explorer—performance, site selection, and layer display settings Data Manager—logon settings and profile management Project Wizard Defaults—default folder settings and geodata settings Miscellaneous—prediction view, import/export, and Monte Carlo simulation settings

NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help.

To define user preferences CAUTION: The Transmitted Power, Height, Distance, and Coordinates settings are global parameters that affect the interpretation of all the values stored for sites. Use the same units of measure consistently throughout your project to avoid inadvertently changing global parameters.

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1

Choose Edit

Preferences.

The User Preferences dialog box opens. 2

Define your user preferences as required. User preferences are maintained between Mentum Planet sessions.

CAUTION: You must restart Mentum Planet to apply value changes for any user preference marked by an asterisk (*).



User Preferences Use the User Preferences dialog box to specify default settings and actions for Mentum Planet. These settings are maintained between Mentum Planet sessions and upgrades. NOTE: This section details key parameters. For descriptions of all available parameters, see the online Help.

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Project Explorer Use this panel to define Project Explorer performance and selection settings. For more information about the Project Explorer, see Understanding the Project Explorer in the User Guide for the technology you are using.



Performance CAUTION: Enabling any of the options in this section will impact the performance of the Project Explorer. Enable Duplicate Categories—enable this check box to display the same category in two Project Explorer data windows. When this check box is cleared, categories are restricted to a single data window. Using duplicate categories increases the time it takes to open a project and unless you are working with projects that have less than 5 000 sectors, it is not recommended. Show Horizontal Scrollbar in Sites Category—enable this check box to add a horizontal scrollbar to the data window displaying the Sites category when the window content surpasses the window width. Sort Project Explorer Nodes Automatically—enable this check box to sort the nodes in the Project Explorer when you add new items to the Project Explorer or rename existing items. When this check box is cleared, new items are added to the bottom of nodes, and you must right-click the Groups, Repeaters, or Sites node and choose Refresh to sort the chosen node.

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Zoom Automatically On Located Site—enable this check box to set the zoom distance when using the Locate command from the shortcut menu. To set the zoom distance, move the slider until the desired zoom distance is displayed next to the slider. On Viewed Site Selection—enable this check box to set the zoom distance when using the View command from the shortcut menu. To set the zoom distance, move the slider until the desired zoom distance is displayed next to the slider. Apply Translucency To Raster Layers—enable this check box to apply translucency to raster layers. Enable the check box next to each layer for which you want translucency applied. Specify the degree of transparency by dragging the slider until the desired percentage is displayed. When you set a translucency level of 0 percent, the layer is completely opaque (i.e., you cannot see through it). When you specify 100% translucency, the layer is completely transparent. NOTE: Translucency is applied when you view a layer from the Project Explorer or from a menu. When you change a translucency setting, you must remove the layer and re-display it in order to see the effect of your changes.

TIP: Using a translucency value of 50% on network analysis layers will enable you to see the geodata information or the aerial or satellite images through the network layers. Analysis Layer (Numeric)—enable this check box to apply translucency to numeric analysis layers and move the slider until the degree of translucency is displayed. Analysis Layer (Classified)—enable this check box to apply translucency to classified analysis layers and move the slider until the degree of translucency is displayed. Clutter—enable this check box to apply translucency to clutter layers and move the slider until the degree of translucency is displayed.



Heights—enable this check box to apply translucency to the elevation layer and move the slider until the degree of translucency is displayed. Prediction—enable this check box to apply translucency to predictions and move the slider until the degree of translucency is displayed. Traffic Map—enable this check box to apply translucency to traffic maps and move the slider until the degree of translucency is displayed.

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User Preferences Use the User Preferences dialog box to specify default settings and actions for Mentum Planet. These settings are maintained between Mentum Planet sessions and upgrades. NOTE: This section details key parameters. For descriptions of all available parameters, see the online Help.



Project Wizard Defaults Project Folder—this field displays the name of the default project folder for new projects. You can change this folder while using the Project Wizard to create a new project. Browse—click this button to locate the a folder to use as the default project folder for new projects. Global Folder—this field displays the name of the folder where default project files such as antenna files or curve files are saved. If you do not specify a global folder, the Global folder within the Mentum Planet installation folder is used. Browse—click this button to navigate to where the folder you want to specify is located.

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Geodata Use Default Geodata—enable this check box to define a default location for geodata. When you create a new project, these defaults will be used. Geodata Location—this field displays the name of the folder where geodata is saved. Geodata can be saved locally or remotely and the folder name can be whatever best suits your needs; however, the geodata folder must contain a Heights folder with the elevation grid and a Clutter folder, which can be empty of you are not using clutter. Primary Heights File—choose from this list the elevation file you want to associate with the project. All files contained in the Heights folder will be listed. Primary Clutter File—choose from this list the clutter file you want to associate with the project or choose None if you do not want to define a default clutter file. All files contained in the Clutter folder will be listed. You can have more than one clutter file in the folder.



Understanding the project folder structure Each project folder contains many sub-folders. These are described in Table 2.3. Table 2.3 Project folders Folder

Antenna Algorithm

Contents

Antenna Queries

Files that are used to describe the algorithms used in various configurations of multiple antenna systems Antenna query files

Antennas

Files for antennas used in the project

Areas

Area classified grid files

Attachments

Backup

Files you want to associate with a project. Only shared files are saved in the Attachments folder. These files will automatically be put into Data Manager when you submit the project. project data backup

Bin

Path loss files

CDMA2000_Analyses

cdma2000 analysis files

CDMA2000MC_ Simulations Curves

cdma2000 Monte Carlo simulation parameters and results Curve files, which are used by the application to configure relationships between performance indicators

Environment FCC Contours

FCC region and point files

Field Strength

Combined signal strength files, which are created dynamically when viewing overall site field strength Filter loss (.flt) files

Filters FixedWiMAXFDD_ Analyses FixedWiMAXTDD_ Analysis

Fixed WiMAX FDD network analysis files Fixed WiMAX TDD network analysis files

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Folder

Contents

FrequencyPlan

WiMAX frequency plans

General

Settings files (e.g., contour.set)

Geodata

InterferenceMatrix

Mapping data including elevation, clutter, clutter height, 2D/3D polygon, and other types of mapping data files such as streets and photographic imagery. The geodata folder must contain a Heights folder and a Clutter folder. The Heights folder must contain the mandatory primary DTM. The Clutter folder can be empty. Interference matrix files

LTE_Analyses

LTE analysis files

LTEMC_Simulations

NeighborList

LTE Monte Carlo simulation parameters and results Propagation model and clutter property assignment files Neighbor list files

Network_Data

Imported network data files

PNOffsetPlanning

PN offset plans

PredictionView

Optimized pathloss storage used for network analyses and Monte Carlo simulations Nth best server layers

Model

PreQualAnalyses Profiles Propagation_Model_ Analyses Reports

Grid color profile files, point-to-point profile settings files, and contour color profile files Propagation model analysis files Report files

Scanner Data

Scanner data files and templates

Scanner Survey Data

Scanner survey data files and templates

ScramblingCodePlanning Scrambling code plans Sector Display Scheme

Sector display schemes

Settings

Files created by the Traffic Map Generator

SignalStrength

Prediction files for individual sectors



Folder

Contents

Site Sets

Local and shared site sets

Site Templates

Local and shared site templates

SPT Subscriber Data

Files related to the process of merging surveys and predictions. Fixed broadband wireless access database

Surveys

Survey files

TDMA_FDMA_Analyses

TDMA/FDMA network analysis files

Test Mobile Data

Test mobile data files and templates

TrafficMaps

Numeric grid and clutter relative weighting files for traffic maps WCDMA network analysis files

WCDMA_Analyses

WCDMAMC_Simulations WCDMA Monte Carlo simulation parameters and results WiMAX_Analyses WiMAX network analysis files WiMAXMC_Analyses WiMAXMC_Simulations Workspaces

WiMAX Monte Carlo simulation parameters and results WiMAX Monte Carlo simulation parameters and results MapInfo workspace files including the default ProjectOpening.wor file.

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Creating and using workspaces A workspace (.wor) file saves the current settings for each Map window and its layers. At any time, you can save the current settings to a workspace file. When you open a workspace, the Map windows and layers specified in the workspace are re-created, opening any files that are required. For more information about workspaces, see “Using Workspaces” in Chapter 4 of the MapInfo Professional User Guide. You can define a workspace in your project settings that Mentum Planet will open when you open the project. By default, Mentum Planet does not associate a workspace with your project; it stores the working configuration in a default workspace. To automatically update a workspace file when you make changes, you must use a defined workspace (.wor) file and enable the Workspace Autosave check box on the General tab in the Project Settings dialog box.

To create a workspace 1

Choose GIS

Save Workspace.

2

In the Save Workspace dialog box, navigate to your project folder.

3

Ensure that Workspace (*.wor) is selected in the Save As Type list.

4

In the File Name box, type a workspace name or accept the default, and click Save.

To open a workspace 1

Choose GIS

Open Workspace.

2

In the Open Workspace dialog box, navigate to your workspace file, and click Open.

3

Ensure that Workspace (*.wor) is selected in the Files of Type list.



TIP: You can also view the contents of a workspace file using a text editor such as Notepad.

To associate a workspace with a project You can specify a previously-saved workspace that Mentum Planet opens each time you open this project. By doing this, you can have the project open with the same configuration of windows and map layers every time. 1

With a project open, choose Edit

Project Settings.

The Project Settings dialog box opens. 2

Click the General tab.

3

In the Workspace section, click Browse beside the Workspace box, navigate to the workspace you want to use, and then click Open.

4

To automatically save the workspace each time you close the project, enable the Workspace Autosave check box.

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Attaching files to a Mentum Planet project You can attach files of any type to a Mentum Planet project and organize them into folders for easy access. This is useful when you want to include support documents in a Mentum Planet project such as census tract data, capacity planning information, or RF design review documents. And, you can update attached information that is saved as a .xls or .csv file using the Import command. NOTE: Files can be saved locally on your workstation or shared with other users using the Data Manager.

To attach a file to a project 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Project Data category, expand the Attachments node and do any of the following: n

n

2

To attach a file that you want stored locally, right-click Local and choose Add. To attach a file that you want stored in Data Manager, rightclick Shared and choose Add.

In the Open dialog box, locate the file you want to add, and click Open. The attached file is added to the Local or Shared attachments node in the Project Explorer. Shared files are saved in the Attachments folder within the project folder.

TIP: You can also double-click the Local or Shared node to attach a file.

To open an attached file n

In the Project Explorer, in the Project Data category, rightclick the attached file and choose Open.



To remove an attached file from a project n

In the Project Explorer, in the Project Data category, right-click the attached file and choose Remove.

The file is deleted from the Attachments folder.

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Working with site sets A site set is a collection of sites. Every project has a Master site set, which contains all the sites in a project. When you create a project, a Master site set is created by default. Site sets can, for example, help you work more efficiently on the region for which you are responsible by allowing you to create a copy of the Master site set which contains only those sites you are working on. When you make changes to sites in the subset, these changes are only reflected in the project once you merge the subset into the Master site set. In contrast, when you work with groups, changes you make to sites in the group are reflected in the project as soon as you apply them. For more information, see “Grouping sites” in the Mentum Planet User Guide. When you are satisfied with the results and the changes you have made to a site subset, you can merge it back into the Master site set. And, if you are working with the Data Manager, you can then submit the Master site set to the server project so that others can access your changes. Site subsets are not stored in Data Manager. NOTE: To help you identify a site set, you can add a detailed description by right-clicking on the site set and choosing Edit Description. TIP: You can update site sets using the Tabular Editor or Import/Export Wizard.

Master site set When you create a project, a Master site set is automatically created. The master site set contains all sites in the project and is identified with a green plus sign. It is from the Master site set that you create site subsets in order to perform specific planning and optimization tasks outside the production environment (i.e., in a virtual sandbox). In other words, you can, for example, generate and examine predictions or network analyses and then make



modifications to site or network parameters without changing the Master site set. You can create a copy of the entire Master site set (i.e., all the sites in the project) if you want to backup all site data. In the Project Explorer, rightclick the Master site set and choose Copy.

Site subsets A site subset is a copy of specific sites contained in the Master site set. In the Project Explorer, a site subset is identified with a green minus sign as shown in Figure 2.6. Using site subsets, you can test various site configurations before applying these changes to the project.

Active site set The sites in the Active site set are those you change when you make site and sector modifications. The Active site set is identified with a green arrow as shown in Figure 2.6.

Figure 2.6 Icons identifies the active site set

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Site table The site table (or site file) is used mainly for display purposes. It contains the information required to display sites in the Map window as well as additional site table columns that can be used if you want to query site data using MapInfo functionality. You cannot permanently update site data by modifying the site (.tab) file as this data is always updated from the internal Mentum Planet project, which is held in-memory and stored in the project file. Site data saved in the site table is not updated automatically when you make changes to site or sector parameters. You can, however, refresh the site data stored in the site table using the Update Site File command from the Sites node in the Project Explorer but these updates are not saved. The site table is re-written each time you open a project.

To switch the active site set 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Project Data category, expand Site Sets, and then expand either the Local or Shared node.

2

Right-click the active site set and do one of the following:

3

n

To copy the entire site set, choose Copy.

n

To copy a subset of the site set, choose Copy Subset.

If you are copying a subset, in the Select Sites dialog box, specify the sites that you want to be part of the subset by choosing one of the following options in the Sector Selection section: n

n

n

All Sites to include all sites in the subset. Current Selection if you have selected specific sectors in the Map window. Flag Filtering if you have defined and assigned flags to sectors. Enable the Invert Conditions check box to select those sectors for which the applied conditions do not apply.



n

n

4

Group Selection if you have defined and created groups. Query Selection if you have defined and created sector queries.

In the Band Filtering section, enable the bands you want to include in your sector selection. The sites that will be included in the subset are displayed in the Selected Sites list.

5

Click OK. The new site set is added to the Site Sets list.

NOTE: If the number of sites in a site set is high (i.e., greater than 5_ 000 sectors), the action of switching between site sets can take some time to complete.

To change the active site set 1


2

Right-click the site set that you want to set as the active site set and choose Active. The active site set changes, and the new site set is displayed in the Map window.

NOTE: When you change site sets, only the sites change. Defined flags, groups, and link configurations are preserved. For example, flags you have defined for the active site set will also be available for use with a subset of the site set.

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To merge a subset into the active site set CAUTION: It is recommended that you backup the site set before doing a merge. Changes made to the original site set cannot be undone. 1


2

Right-click the subset site set and choose Merge To Active. Site data in the original site set is overwritten with the data from the subset.

To create a shared site set 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Project Data category, expand Site Sets, and then expand the Local node.

2

Right-click the site set you want to share and choose Create Shared. A copy of the selected site set is added to the Shared node.

To update a shared site set You can only update a shared site set when the original site set is not the active site set. 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Project Data category, expand Site Sets, and then expand the Local node.

2

Right-click the original site set used to create the shared copy and choose Update Shared. The shared copy of the selected site set is updated to match the original site set.



To remove a site set 1


2

Right-click the site set and choose Remove. The site set is removed from the list, but the site set files are not deleted from the project folder.

CAUTION: If you right-click a site set and choose Delete, the site set files are deleted from the project folder.

To rename a site set 1


2

Right-click the site set, choose Rename, type a new name, and press Enter.

To view the site set description 1


2

Right-click the site set for which you want to view site set details, choose About.

3

Once you have read the description, click OK.

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To edit the site set description 1


2

Right-click the site set you want to edit and choose Edit Description.

3

In the Edit Description dialog box, type the details you want to associate with the site set and click OK.



Working with map layers You should be familiar with the concept of map layers when you work with Mentum Planet . Each unique layer of information exists as a separate file that can be added as a layer in a Map window. Just as each layer can be visualized above or below another layer, layers can be compared using spatial analysis functions. When you open a grid, the Map window consists of a cosmetic layer and individual map layers. You can manipulate these layers using the Project Explorer or using the Layer Control.

Figure 2.7 Various map layers covering the same geographic area can hold different types of information. In the Windows category of the Project Explorer, you can n

view the names of the individual layers

n

add or remove layers

n

change the position of individual map layers

n

make layers visible or invisible, editable or not editable

n

open the layer in a new Map window

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n

make layers selectable and/or editable

n

enable automatic labeling of objects, such as sites

You can also manipulate map layers with the Layer Control. Right-click on the Map window and choose Layer Control. For more information about the Layer Control, click the Help button in the Layer Control dialog box. NOTE: For information on visualizing map layers as Microsoft Bing Aerial or Microsoft Bing Hybrid layers, see the MapInfo Professional User Guide, located by default in the \Program Files\Mentum\Planet 5\mapinfo\Documentation folder.

NOTE: When you close a Map window by choosing File Close Table, the grid is not deleted or removed from the project, it is simply no longer visible.

To manipulate map layers with the Project Explorer 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Windows category, expand the Map Windows node to see the individual map layers.

2

Do any of the following: n

n

n

n

n

To add new map layers, right-click the Map window name, choose Add Layer, then choose the layers you want to add, and click OK. To remove a map layer, right-click the map layer and choose Remove. To remove a map layer and close the associated file, right-click the map layer and choose Close. To move a map layer, drag it to the where you want it to appear in the list of layers. To hide a layer, right-click the layer and choose Visible if the check box is not already cleared.



n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

To make a layer visible, right-click the layer and choose Visible if the check box is not already enabled. To make a layer editable, right-click the layer and choose Editable if the check box is not already enabled. The Editable command is available only for layers that can be made editable, such as vector and point layers. To make a layer non-editable, right-click the layer and choose Editable if the check box is not already cleared. The Editable command is available only for layers that can be made editable, such as vector and point layers. To make a layer selectable, right-click the layer and choose Selectable if the check box is not already enabled. The Selectable command is available only for layers that can be made selectable, such as vector and point layers. To make a layer non-selectable, right-click the layer and choose Selectable if the check box is not already cleared. The Selectable command is available only for layers that can be made selectable, such as vector and point layers. To automatically label objects on a layer, right-click the layer and choose Auto Label if the check box is not already enabled. The availability of automatic labeling depends on the layer. Usually you use it on the site table. To view a layer in a Browser window, right-click the layer and choose Browse. To scale the Map window to show the full extent of a layer, right-click the layer and choose View Entire Layer. To open a layer in a new Map window, right-click the layer and choose New Map Window.

To manipulate map layers with the Layer Control 1

Do one of the following:

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n

n

n

2

In the Project Explorer, in the Windows category, right-click a Map window node and choose Layer Control. In the Project Explorer, in the Windows category, right-click a Map window node and choose Layer Control. Right-click in the Map window and choose Layer Control.

In the Layer Control dialog box, do any of the following: n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

To add a new map layer, click the Add Layers button, choose a layer, and then click OK. To remove a map layer, choose a map layer and click the Remove Layers button. To move a layer up, choose a map layer and click the Move Layers Up button. To move a layer down, choose a map layer and click the Move Layers Down button. To make a layer visible, enable the Visible check box next to the map layer. To make a layer editable, enable the Editable icon next to the map layer. Some layers cannot be made editable. To make a layer selectable, enable the Selectable icon next to the map layer. To add labels to the layer, enable the Automatic Labels icon next to the map layer.

For more information about the functionality available in the Layer Control dialog box, click the Help button. 3

Click OK to close the Layer Control dialog box.

NOTE: Move the cursor over the symbols above each column in the Layer list to display the check box labels.



Working with geodata folders The Geodata node in the Project Data category of the Project Explorer brings together all of the geographic data contained in a project to enable you to manage different types of data in a consistent manner. From the Geodata node, you can n

view geodata files by type or resolution

n

add or remove files from geodata folders

n

view or hide geodata layers

The folder you define for geodata can be located within the project folder although it doesn’t have to be. In order to save disk space, the geodata folder can be located on a server or in a common location where multiple users can access it. At a minimum, it must, however, contain a Heights folder and a Clutter folder. The Heights folder must contain the primary DTM file but the Clutter folder can be empty. CAUTION: You must add the files you want in the Clutter Heights, Polygons, and Custom folders manually.

To manage geodata files 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Project Data category, expand the Geodata node to see the geodata folders.

2


n

To add a file to a geodata folder, right-click the geodata folder name, choose Add, choose the file you want to add, click Open, then click OK. If the chosen file was not in the appropriate Geodata folder, it will be copied to this folder. To remove a file from a geodata folder, expand the geodata folder, right-click the file and choose Remove.

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The chosen file is only removed the geodata folder, it is not deleted from your computer. n

n

n

n

n

n

To hide a geodata file, expand the geodata folder, right-click the file and choose View if the check box is not already cleared. To make a geodata file visible, expand the geodata folder, right-click the file and choose View if the check box is not already enabled. To view a geodata file in a Browser window, expand the geodata folder, right-click the file and choose Browse. You can only browse MapInfo tables, not grids or other custom data files. To open the Grid Info tool, expand the geodata folder, rightclick the file and choose Grid Info. To create a legend for the geodata layer, expand the geodata folder, right-click the file and choose Grid Legend. To view the colors associated with the layer, expand the geodata folder, right-click the file and choose Grid Color.

To group geodata files n

In the Project Explorer, in the Project Data category, rightclick Geodata, choose Group By, and then choose the type of grouping that you want.

The geodata files are listed based on the type of grouping you chose.



Defining the coordinate systems to use in a project You choose which coordinate system you want to use in a Mentum Planet project when you create a project using the Project Wizard. You can change the coordinate system on the Coordinate System tab in the Project Settings dialog box as shown in Figure 2.8.

Figure 2.8 Coordinate System tab

To define the coordinate system for sites 1

Choose Edit

Project Settings.

2

In the Project Settings dialog box, click the Coordinate System tab. The coordinate system of the project height file is displayed in the Terrain Coordinate System field and cannot be changed because it is the coordinate system of the geodata itself. The geodata coordinate system is used for display purposes.

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3

To change the coordinate system used for sites, click the Select button next to the Network Coordinate System field. In order to create the highest quality network model, you should ideally use the same coordinate system for the site database as is used for the geodata. Using a different coordinate system for sites could introduce inaccuracies in predictions. For information on specific unit settings, press the F1 key.

4

Do one of the following: n

n

Click Apply to save the project settings without closing the dialog box. Click OK to save project settings and close the dialog box.



Defining color profiles In order to improve the appearance and readability of map layers, you can modify the default color schemes that Mentum Planet uses for numeric grids. Changing the color profiles, affects the grids currently open in Mentum Planet and the new profiles will be used when creating a new project. Existing network analysis layers are not updated. You can specify common color profiles that will be applied globally across all project data, or you can choose a color scheme (a .vcp file) for specific numeric grids. Color profiles are text files saved with a .vcp extension. These files should be saved in the \Global\Profiles folder.

To choose color profiles 1

Choose Edit

Color Profiles.

The Color Profiles dialog box opens.

2

In the Color Profiles dialog box, from the Analysis Type list, choose the type of analysis for which you want to create color profiles. The values and colors defined in the profile are shown in the Colors table.

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To create a color profile 1

If the Grid Manager is not visible, choose View ► Grid Manager.

2

In the Grid Manager, choose a numeric grid (.grd).

3

Click the Color button.

4


n

n

To add a color inflection point, click Add, define a value for the inflection point, and click OK. To define a new color for the inflection point, double-click on a color inflection point, choose a new color in the Color dialog box and click OK. To move an inflection point, click a color inflection point and drag it to the new location. This will update the value for this inflection point in the Color Scheme list. The calculated values in the Color Scheme List are automatically updated.



n

5

In the Color Profile section, do any of the following: n

n

n

6

To change color values and percentiles, click an entry in the Color Scheme List to make the value editable and type a new value. This will move the inflection point to the appropriate location on the color ramp.

Enable the Solid Band check box if you want hard breaks between colors instead of interpolated fading. Click Flip if you want the colors associated with inflection points in reverse order. Click Revert if you want to return to the color pattern that was in place before you clicked Flip.

If you want to redefine the grid colors based on how they would be illuminated by a single light source, in the Relief Shading section, enable the Enabled check box, and click Properties. If you want this profile to be available for use with all Mentum Planet projects, save the .vcp file in the \Global\Profiles folder. Otherwise, the default location is the Profiles folder within the project folder.

NOTE: In deciding whether to save color inflection points by value or by percentile, use the following guidelines: n If it is more important to assign specific colors to specific values in a series of related grid files, then save by value. n If it is more important to assign a particular color range to a series of related grid files where the value range may vary considerably, then save by percentile. TIP: You can add a color inflection point in the Grid Color Tool by double-clicking on the color slider bar. Conversely, you can delete an inflection point by clicking on an inflection point to highlight it and pressing Delete.

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Color Profiles Use this dialog box to assign color profiles to numeric grids. By default, color profiles are saved in the Global\Profiles folder within the Mentum Planet installation folder. NOTE: This section details key parameters. For descriptions of all available parameters, see the online Help.

Analysis Type—choose from this list the type of analysis for which you want to define color profiles. The Common Analysis Type applies the color profiles to analysis layers common to all technologies (i.e., path loss and signal strength).



Color Profiles—this table displays the color profiles (.vcp file) used by numeric grids. Click a color profile file name in the Color Profile Name column to view the profile colors in the Profile list table. Colors—this table displays the color scheme of a chosen .vcp file. Select Color Profile—click this button to choose a .vcp file from the Select Color Profile dialog box to associate with the chosen layer type.

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Creating A Project

Chapter 4 Creating A Project A project can include any of the technologies supported by Mentum Planet. This chapter covers the following topics: Understanding projects

80

Creating projects

81

Migrating projects

85

Workflow for migrating Mentum Planet projects

87

Creating a network overlay

90

Opening and closing projects

92

Restoring projects

94

Saving projects

95

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Understanding projects A Mentum Planet project contains and organizes all of the information pertaining to a particular wireless network. At a minimum, a project is created from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) although you can also include clutter information (i.e., land use) in a project. A project contains: n

digital terrain models (i.e., digital elevation models)

n

project clutter information

n

clutter information for specific environments

n

propagation models

n

site locations

n

sector equipment, including antennas

n

groups

n

flags

n

traffic maps

n

n

operation data (e.g., surveys, network measurement data, neighbor lists, interference matrices, frequency plans, etc.) any documents you want to attach to the project

A project also contains the results of predictions and network analyses made on the basis of this information.


Creating A Project

Creating projects The Project Wizard leads you through the process of creating a project. In order to streamline design work, you can specify that the Wizard automatically displays when you start Mentum Planet. If you want Mentum Planet to automatically open the last project, instead of the Project Wizard, in the Startup Options section of the User Preferences dialog box, choose the Open Most Recent Project option. You can use remote project folders to store and access Mentum Planet project data. For example, you can use shared project folders for the following types of project files to conserve disk space on your workstation: n

bin files

n

signal (field) strength files

n

prediction view files

By default, these files are saved in the local project folder. If you use shared project folders, the project files are stored in the shared folders, instead of the local project folder. The shared folders must have read/write access permissions for all Mentum Planet users accessing the shared folders. CAUTION: If you are using shared folders and do not enable the corresponding check box in the Sharing section of the Advanced Options tab in the Project Settings dialog box, the shared path is not stored in Data Manager when you check in the project. For any Data Manager users who perform a Get on the project, all data will be stored within their local project folder. When you create a project, you can choose to use a workspace to save your map window settings, although this is not required. You can also choose the coordinate system. For additional information about projections, see “Appendix B, “Elements of a Coordinate System” in the MapInfo Professional User Guide.

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CAUTION: Never save projects in the Mentum Planet installation folder.

To create a project 1

Start Mentum Planet. By default, the Project Wizard opens when you start Mentum Planet. To use the wizard at any other time, choose File New Project.

2

On each page of the Wizard, provide the required information and click Next.

3

On the Choose Default Settings For Each Enabled Technology page, specify those technologies you want to include in the project and click Next. Default settings are saved in the \Global\Technologies folder. If you want to customize the default


Creating A Project settings to use each time a new project is created, you can modify the Excel file. 4

On the Choose Geodata That Covers All Of Your Site Locations page, click the Browse button and navigate to where the project geodata is saved and then click Next. The folder you define for geodata can be located within the project folder although it doesn’t have to be. In order to save disk space, the geodata folder can be located on a server or in a common location where multiple users can access it. At a minimum, it must, however, contain a Heights folder and a Clutter folder. The Heights folder must contain the primary elevation file but the Clutter folder can be empty.

5

Click Finish. The project opens in a Map window.

NOTE: When you create a project, default propagation model (.pmf) files are copied to the Model folder located within the project folder.

To view or edit project settings 1

Choose Edit

Project Settings.

The Project Settings dialog box opens.

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2

Modify project settings as required.

NOTE: To open the Project Settings dialog box once a project is open, choose Edit Project Settings, or click the Project Settings button on the Network toolbar.

TIP: To make a copy of an existing project, close the existing project and copy the contents of its project folder to a new project folder. It is not recommended that you create the new project folder as subfolder of the existing project folder. TIP: In the new project folder, you can delete large folders (e.g., Bin, SignalStrength, PredictionView, and _Analyses) or you can elect not to copy them because Mentum Planet automatically recreates these folders.


Creating A Project

Migrating projects Before installing Mentum Planet 5.2.1, it is important that you migrate existing projects in order to take advantage of the new features in the latest release of Mentum Planet. Changes to the data storage and management architecture in Mentum Planet 5.2.1 require that projects created in previous versions of the software be migrated in order to make it consistent with the new data schema. The migration of Mentum Planet projects from previous releases is an automated process achieved using the Mentum Project Migrator utility that is available in Mentum Planet . CAUTION: After a legacy project has been migrated to Mentum Planet 5.2.1, it can no longer be opened in previous versions of Mentum Planet . It is recommended that you create a complete project backup prior to opening your project in Mentum Planet 5.2.1. CAUTION: When migrating from Mentum Planet 5.x to Mentum Planet 5.2.1, ensure that the Master site set in your Mentum Planet 5.x project is active.

Improved data validation Mentum Planet includes stringent data validation controls aimed at preserving data integrity and reducing the chance of error or data corruption. As a consequence, project data must be free of inconsistencies to ensure successful migration to Mentum Planet 5.2.1.

Upgrade paths The Mentum Project Migrator supports the following upgrade paths: n

Mentum Planet 5.0 , 5.1, or 5.2 to Mentum Planet 5.2.1

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NOTE: If you are using versions prior to Mentum Planet 4.5, contact Customer Care for assistance with project migration. If you are using Data Manager and working in a multi-user environment, the software upgrade must be coordinated such that Mentum Planet and Data Manager Server are both the same version. In this deployment model, it is also critical to coordinate data migration from previous releases.


Creating A Project

Workflow for migrating Mentum Planet projects CAUTION: It is recommended that you create a complete project backup prior to opening your project in Mentum Planet 5.2. After a legacy project has been migrated to Mentum Planet 5.2, it can no longer be opened in previous versions of Mentum Planet. Step 1

Run Data Inspector on the project you want to migrate to identify any issues prior to migrating the project to Mentum Planet 5.2. If errors appear in the Project Status message window, contact Customer Care for assistance. See ”Getting technical support”. To run Data Inspector, choose Start Run. Type “\DataInspector.exe /expert” and click Open. For example, “C:\Program Files\Mentum\Planet 5\DataInspector.exe /expert”

Step 2

Back up all local project data.

Step 3

Open the Mentum Planet Migrator, migrate the project, and then save it. See ”To migrate projects from Mentum Planet 4.x or 5.x”

Step 4

Open your project in Mentum Planet 5.2.

Step 5

If issues arise, run Data Inspector on your local project to identify any known issues. The Data Inspector shipped with Mentum Planet may identify issues that are not detectable in previous versions of the tool. If errors appear in the Project Status message window, contact Customer Care for assistance.

NOTE: When migrating a Mentum Planet project that contains network analyses, the analysis files are copied to the Obsolete folder within the Mentum Planet project folder. You can open these files and view the

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associated analysis layers in Mentum Planet 5.2. See “Viewing analysis layers created in Mentum Planet 4.5”.

NOTE: If you have any questions or concerns about the migration process, contact Customer Care.

To migrate projects from Mentum Planet 4.x or 5.x 1

Click Start All Programs Planet Migrator.

Mentum Planet 5.2

Mentum

The Mentum Planet Migrator opens. 2

Choose File

Migrate.

3

In the Open Project dialog box, navigate to the folder where the project is saved and click Open.

4

Choose File

5

If validation is fine, choose File

Validate Project. Save Project.

The project is saved with a .planet extension. 6

Choose File

Exit.

New project files are created including the Mentum Planet project (.planet) file and the associated .dat and .xml files. 7

Open the newly migrated project in Mentum Planet 5.2.

8

Choose Edit

9

In the tree view, choose the technology you are working with.

Network Settings.

10 Verify all network settings values and click OK on you are satisfied with the settings. In particular, ensure that you define appropriate values for the Useful Bits Per Symbols column as well as Amplifier Backoff (dB) columns.


Creating A Project

NOTE: The Migrate Files To command is used strictly when you want to convert antenna files and propagation models contained in an existing project for use with the Network Overlay tool. Only site and sector information is migrated. If you do not migrate the project first, the Network Overlay tool uses a default antenna file and propagation file.

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Creating a network overlay Using the Network Overlay tool, you can add sites and sectors to a Mentum Planet 5.2.1 project using the project data you exported from Mentum Planet 4.x or 5.0, 5.1, or 5.2. You can also create a network overlay within a Mentum Planet 5.2.1 project. The Network Overlay tool supports all technologies including CDMA/EV-DO, GSM, and W-CDMA/HSPA. NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help.

CAUTION: If the exported worksheets or .csv files do not contain summary information, data should use the same units and same coordinate system as those defined in the User Preferences dialog box.

To create a network overlay You can create a network overlay from comma-separated values (.csv) files or from Excel (.xls) files. This procedure uses Excel files. 1

To export the data to an Excel file, do one of the following: n

n

2

In Mentum Planet 4.x, choose Data Export Project Data. You must export the following worksheets: Sites and Sectors (with all fields selected). In Mentum Planet 5.x, choose Data Export Project Data. You must export the following worksheets: Sites and Sectors (with all fields selected) as well as the Antennas worksheet.

Once the export is complete, in Mentum Planet, choose Tools Network Overlay . The Network Overlay Wizard opens.

3

On the first page of the Wizard, specify the following:


Creating A Project

n

the version of Mentum Planet used to created the data files.

n

the format of the data files.

n

the location of the data files.

4

Click Next and follow the prompts to complete the network overlay.

5

When you have specified all required information, click Finish. The network overlay file contains three worksheets: Sites, Sectors, and Antennas.

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Opening and closing projects You must close an open project before opening a new one. TIP: If you want Mentum Planet to automatically open the last project, choose the Open Most Recent Project option on the General panel in the User Preferences dialog box. If you do not want the last project to open, choose the None option. CAUTION: When you open a project, existing 4.x predictions are automatically migrated. After predictions have been converted for use in the latest version of Mentum Planet, you cannot use them or view them in previous versions of Mentum Planet. You should create a backup copy of legacy predictions before opening the project.

To open a project 1


n

n

n

2

Double-click the Mentum Planet (.planet) project file to start Mentum Planet and open the project. Double-click the Mentum Planet (.planet) project file to start Mentum Planet and open the project. In Mentum Planet, choose File Step 2.

Open Project and go to

In Mentum Planet, choose File Recent Projects . The path to the project is displayed in the Mentum Planet taskbar at the bottom of the application window.

In the Open dialog box, locate the project you want to open, and click Open. The project opens in a Map window.


Creating A Project

TIP: To view two projects side-by-side, you can open multiple instances of Mentum Planet on your workstation. TIP: Create a shortcut to your Mentum Planet project (.planet) file to quickly open projects that you use often.

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Restoring projects Each time you save a project, a copy is stored in the Backup folder within the project folder. When a project has been terminated abnormally, you can choose to restore the last saved version of the project or the last opened version of the project. CAUTION: Do not open a .planet file saved in the Backup folder. Backup .planet files should only be opened from the Restore Project Files dialog box.

To restore a project 1

Start Mentum Planet .

2

Choose File

Restore.

The Restore Project Files dialog box opens.

3

Click the Browse button next to the Restore Project Files From box and navigate to the .planet file saved in the Backup folder within the project folder, and then click OK.

4

Click the Browse button next to the Restore Project Files To box and navigate to the original folder where project files were saved, and then click OK.


Creating A Project

Saving projects You can save project data at any time without closing a project. It is recommended that you save your project periodically in order to avoid the loss of data in the event of a network or system failure. You can also save a named backup of your project. This can be useful if you want to save the project at various stages in the network development.

To save a project n

Choose File

Save Project.

The project is saved in the project folder.

To back up a project 1

Choose File

Back Up Project.

2

In the Backup Project dialog box, in the Name box, type a name for the folder where the data will be saved and click OK. Project data is saved in the named folder within the Backup folder.

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Working With Propagation Models

Chapter 5 Working With Propagation Models Using the Propagation Model Editor, you can adjust the parameters of propagation models to account for the characteristics of the environment. A set of propagation models is installed with Mentum Planet and is copied to the project folder when you create a new project. This chapter describes how to choose and edit a number of propagation models. It also describes how to use the Model Tuning tool to automatically adjust the parameters of a propagation model based on measurement data in order to produce signal strength predictions that are as accurate and realistic as possible. This chapter covers the following topics: Workflow for propagation modeling

99


100

Understanding the role of propagation models

102

Understanding propagation model types

104

Understanding model tuning

114

Understanding clutter classes and clutter properties

115

Tuning the Planet General Model using AMT

116

Planet Automatic Model Tuner

119

Toolbar

120

Tuner Type

121

Model Parameters

122

Correlation/Cross-Correlation Threshold Values

123

Tuning models using the Clutter Absorption Loss tuner

124

Clutter Absorption Loss Properties

127

Survey Distance

128

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Number of Radials

129

Tuning a propagation model

130

Guidelines for model tuning

131

Creating and editing propagation models

132



Workflow for propagation modeling

Step 1

Create and edit propagation model.

Step 2

Tune the propagation model.

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Step 1

Collect survey data and modify as required. See “Workflow for surveys”.

Step 2

Configure the model (e.g., matching the frequency used when collecting the survey data with the frequency in the tuned propagation model). See “Workflow for editing propagation models”.

Step 3

Tune the propagation model. See: n

n

Step 4

If you are tuning any other propagation model, see “Tuning models using the Clutter Absorption Loss tuner”.

Validate the model. n

n

Step 5

If you are tuning the Planet General Model, see “Tuning the Planet General Model using AMT”.

Generate predictions for the survey sites using the tuned model. See “Generating predictions”. View a thematic map of survey points and compare them to the prediction layer. See “Displaying survey data”.

Investigate discrepancies between the survey data and the prediction layer by comparing the survey data to the prediction output and reviewing survey reports. Once you have examined the differences, you may decide to remove additional points, modify the clutter properties, or change the propagation model settings. See “Viewing survey statistics”, “Creating survey reports”, and “Combining and comparing surveys”. The data in the model tuning report does not provide a comparison between the survey data and the final prediction. In most cases, the differences will be negligible; however, if required, you can generate an additional prediction and use the Compare to Grid



feature to view final comparison statistics. See “Combining and comparing surveys” in the Mentum Planet User Guide.

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Understanding the role of propagation models Propagation models simulate how radio waves travel through the environment from one point to another. Because of the complex nature of propagation modeling and the great amount of information needed to perform an accurate estimation of path loss, there will always be differences between the path loss estimation of a model and real-world measurements. Nevertheless, some models are inherently more accurate than others in specific situations, and it is always possible to refine a model (or its understanding of the environment) so that it better matches the real world. There are several things you can do in order to minimize discrepancies between the propagation model and the real world, including choosing an appropriate model and calibrating it effectively. To model the real-world behavior of a network and account for how radio waves react to elevation changes and clutter (e.g., reflection, diffraction, and scattering), you must account for features in the environment such as the surface of the terrain (e.g., hilly or flat) and the presence of lakes. Ground cover such as buildings and trees must also be taken into consideration because of the influence they have on radio propagation, particularly at the frequencies used by mobile networks. Although it is possible to create predictions without a clutter file, using one will produce much more accurate predictions. The clutter file (in the form of a classified grid) details surface features that are classified into meaningful categories (or classes). It is important to be flexible in defining the physical properties associated with each clutter type. For example, land on the west coast of North America categorized as forest may have physical properties significantly different from similarly categorized land on the east coast. Because of the vast differences possible between clutter classes, it is important to create and tune a propagation model for each clutter class. For example, for a large urban city center, you might create a dense urban model, an urban model, and a suburban model each tuned to reflect a specific area of the region. In order to improve the accuracy of predictions, it is common to use three or four propagation models for a specific market. This is because some models are inherently more capable of adjusting to changes in the environment. Also, the more deterministic a model is, the more adaptable it is as well.



Propagation models are organized in the Project Data category of the Project Explorer. The icons of propagation models that have been assigned to a sector are displayed in color. The icons of propagation models that have not been assigned to a sector, but are located in the Model folder of the project, appear dimmed. You can find more information in the following documents: n

n

Federal Communications Commission. “Methods for Predicting Interference from Response Station Transmitters and to Response Station Hubs and for Supplying Data on Response Station Systems.” MM DOCKET 97-217 J. Epstein and D.W. Peterson. “An experimental study of wave propagation at 850 Mc.,” Proc. IRE, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 595-611, May, 1953

You can find detailed information about propagation models in the following documents available in the \Help folder: n

n

CRC-Predict Technical Note An Investigation Into CRC-Predict 4 Emulation of CRCPredict 2

n

Planet General Model Technical Note

n

Mentum Planet User Guide

n

Universal Model User Guide

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Understanding propagation model types This section describes the propagation model types that Mentum Planet supports. Slope-based models, such as the Okumura-Hata model, take clutter into account automatically when generating predictions. Deterministic models, such as the CRC-Predict model, depend on the model of the environment and the specification of clutter property assignments. Table 4.1 rates how each of the three main propagation models perform when used under certain conditions. Table 4.1 Ratings for popular propagation models Used... For macro-cell planning For mini-cell planning For micro-cell planning Over large propagation distances With no model tuning With cluster tuning On a per-sector basis With merged predictions

Good

Planet General Model Good

Universal Model Excellent

Poor Very poor

Fair Fair

Excellent Excellent

Excellent

Fair

Good

Fair Fair Fair Good

Poor Poor Fair Fair

Good Good Excellent Good

CRC-Predict

Planet General Model The Planet General Model is a flexible hybrid model that can be used to model many different kinds of propagation environments. This model has been available for more than 10 years and enables you to migrate data from versions as far back as Planet 2.8 to Mentum Planet and obtain the same coverage results. The Planet General Model has become an industry standard and can be used when migrating projects from other wireless planning products.



You can use the Planet General Model to model many different kinds of propagation environments. The path loss equation incorporates losses due to a number of models (such as Okumura-Hata), contributors, and coefficients that can be pieced together to create a user-defined propagation model. Some of these are defined by algorithms derived from statistical data. These algorithms are quite accurate under specific conditions, but become less appropriate as the terrain and clutter varies from these conditions. Various correction factors exist to compensate for these varying conditions, and it is very important for these values to be assigned accurately in order to make models simulate the real situation. The Planet General Model predicts the path loss for each element within the prediction area. This is achieved by constructing a terrain and clutter profile from the base station (transmitter) to each element and then computing the path loss for that profile. In order to ensure that path loss at each element within the prediction region is computed, a profile can be constructed to each element on the perimeter of the prediction region. Thus the number of radials, , is given by

However, for most practical applications, a fraction of the above number of radials is sufficient. A corresponding signal strength at each element is also computed using the antenna pattern. One of the most visible differences between the Planet General Model used with Planet 2.8/Planet DMS and the one used with Mentum Planet is the shape of the prediction area; Planet 2.8/Planet DMS uses a square prediction area, whereas Mentum Planet defines a circular prediction area. Although the shape and the total area of the prediction areas are markedly different, this has no effect on the computed path loss or signal strength values. Using simple geometry, you can convert Planet 2.8 Prediction Size to Mentum Planet Propagation Distance using

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The above equation overlaps the Mentum Planet circular prediction area with Planet 2.8 square prediction region, thus assuring total coverage of the prediction zone. For more information on the Planet General Model, see the Planet General Model Technical Note. You can use 3D building data with the Planet General Model. To do this, you must first convert the 3D data into new clutter classes, which represent the height of the buildings. Then, you need to define clutter properties such that each class is assigned a height equal to the height of the building. Using the model in this way can increase the accuracy substantially in urban areas. The best resolution for this type of model is 5-10 meters.

PGM-A model PGM-A is a variation on the Planet General Model and is useful when migrating projects from other wireless planning products. Contact Customer Care for support in determining when to use PGM-A. Some of the characteristics that differentiate PGM-A from the Planet General Model include the following: n

n

n

n

It may be unnecessary to retune models that you migrate from another wireless planning product to PGM-A. There is some variation in the method for computing received signal strength and diffraction loss. The Planet General Model allows you to specify how the radio wave is modeled over the horizon as a result of the earth’s atmosphere. The Planet General Model allows you to apply Okumura correction factors.



CRC-Predict model CRC-Predict is a general-purpose model intended for macrocell planning. It is not a ray-tracing model and, as such, should not be used with highresolution data. Instead, it is best used with geodata with a resolution between 20 to 30 meters. You can use it in most circumstances, regardless of the kind of terrain, if detailed terrain or clutter information or both are available. The following cases are exceptions: n

n

n

for very short paths, for example micro-cellular paths, in which the locations of individual buildings are important for very short paths, for example micro-cellular paths, in which the locations of individual buildings are important when a very rapid calculation is wanted, because the CRC-Predict model is more computationally intensive than most models

The path loss calculation in the CRC-Predict model is designed for the VHF to UHF (30 MHz to 3 GHz) frequency range. The physical principles used by the CRC-Predict model are also applicable up to 30 GHz. However, accurate predictions for that range depend on very detailed and accurate terrain data, and currently there are no supporting test measurements. Also, above 10 GHz, rain attenuation becomes significant. The principal algorithm is a diffraction calculation, based on the Fresnel-Kirchoff theory that takes terrain into account in a detailed way. An estimate of the additional loss for obstructions such as trees, buildings, or other objects is included when data on clutter classes are available. Tropospheric scatter is included for long paths. Estimates of time and location variability can be made. The diffraction algorithm samples the propagation path from the transmitter to the receiver and determines the signal strength at many points in space. First, the wave field is determined as a function of height (a vertical column of many values) above a terrain point close to the transmitter by an elementary calculation. Then, using the Huygens principle of physical optics, each of these field points is regarded as a

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source of radiation, and from them, the signal strength is calculated a little farther away. In this way, a marching algorithm simulates the progress of the radio wave from the transmitter to the end of the path. Even though the signal strength is calculated at many points, an efficient integration algorithm and a choice of only the most important signal strength points permit the integration calculation to be fast enough for practical use. The CRC-Predict model also uses surface-type or clutter data in its calculations. Because CRC-Predict is a deterministic model, the more precise and physically realistic terrain and clutter information you use, the more accurate the output tuned model will be. Clutter interacts with the algorithm in two ways: n

n

n

As the wave propagates over the ground toward a distant receiver, the effective height of the ground is assumed to be the real height of the ground plus the assumed clutter height. As the wave propagates over the ground toward a distant receiver, the effective height of the ground is assumed to be the real height of the ground plus the assumed clutter height. Clutter close to the receiver is assumed to terminate close to the receiver, e.g., 50 meters. That is, the receiving antenna is not assumed to be on the doorstep of a building, or in the middle of a forest, but rather on a street or in a road allowance in the forest. Part of the calculation is an estimate of the attenuation from the clutter down to street level.

In addition to the height and distance of solid (opaque) clutter, there is an additional attenuation, entirely empirical, which takes into account trees and other absorbing material adjacent to the receiving antenna. This attenuation factor (expressed in decibels) is the parameter most easily used to make median predictions agree with measurements in a particular area (model tuning). NOTE: For more information on the CRC-Predict model, see the CRC-Predict Technical Note.



Universal model The Universal model is only available if you have purchased a license. You can obtain detailed information about the Universal model by pressing the F1 key from the Universal Model Parameters dialog box. The online Help contains context-sensitive help and provides access to the Universal Model User Guide. The Universal model is a high-performance deterministic propagation model that has been integrated into Mentum Planet . Unlike other propagation models, the Universal model automatically adapts to all engineering technologies (i.e., micro, mini, small, and macro cells), to all environments (i.e., dense urban, urban, suburban, mountainous, maritime, and open), and to all systems (i.e., GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, WIFI, WIMAX, LTE) in a frequency range that spans from 400MHz to 5GHz. In addition, the Universal Model: n

n

n

uses a new AGL layer and a new polygon layer where modifications to the layers can be done directly in the Map window. uses a new AGL layer and a new polygon layer where modifications to the layers can be done directly in the Map window. outperforms other models in terms of the speed and accuracy of predictions.

Q9 model The Q9 propagation model is based on the Okumura-Hata model. Using the variables shown in Figure 1, it calculates the expected pathloss between the transmitter and the receiver using the terrain profile. In other words, it considers a cross-section of the earth along a straight line between the transmitter and the receiver. This propagation model is most useful for frequency bands in the 150-2000 MHz range and works

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best within a radius of 0.2-100 km. The Q9 model is intended for use with highresolution elevation and clutter data. Pathloss depends on frequency as well as the antenna heights of the transmitter and the receiver. The Q9 model allows for both uptilt and downtilt of antennas and takes into account the vertical antenna pattern. There are three input values that the Q9 model considers: n

n

n

Okumura-Hata’s wave propagation equations with modifying parameters A0 to A3. See Equation 1. For more information, press the F1 key in the Q9 Parameters dialog box for online Help. Extra losses that occur when wave propagation is disturbed by obstacles such as mountain peaks. When the distance between the transmitter and receiver becomes sufficiently large, a correction due to earth’s curvature is necessary. Land use code loss.

Figure 5.1 illustrates the variables that are taken into account to calculate pathloss.

Figure 5.1: The process of calculating pathloss The equation below details the formula used to calculate pathloss.



Where: L is the pathloss b HOA (Hata Open Area) is a variant of Okumura-Hata’s equation in dB as shown in equation Equation 2 mk[mobile] is the land use code at the mobile in dB is a parameter related to the knife-edge diffraction KDFR is the contribution from knife-edge diffraction in dB JDFR is the diffraction loss due to the spherical earth in dB

Longley-Rice model You can use the Longley-Rice area calculation for rural (non-urban) areas if little is known about the terrain and clutter. The Longley-Rice model is applicable to point-to-point communication systems in the 20 MHz to 10 GHz range over different types of terrain (Rappaport, 1996). The Longley-Rice model operates in two modes. The

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point-to-point mode uses terrain information if it is available, while the pointto-area mode uses techniques that estimate the path-specific parameters when little terrain information is available. In point-to-point mode, median path loss is predicted by using tropospheric refractivity and terrain geometry. However, only some features of the terrain are used. The terrain profile is used to find effective antenna heights, horizon distances and elevation angles as seen from the antennas, the angular distance for a trans-horizon path, and the terrain irregularity of the path. The prediction is performed in terms of these parameters. A ray optic technique using primarily a two-ray ground reflection model is used within the radio horizon. The two or three isolated obstacles causing the greatest obstruction are modeled as knife edges using the Fresnel Kirchoff theory. Forward scatter theory is used to make troposcatter predictions for long paths and far field diffraction losses are predicted using a modified Van der Pol-Bremmer method (Rappaport, 1996). The Longley-Rice point-to-point model is also referred to as the Irregular Terrain Model (ITM) (Hufford, et al. 1982). Although the point-to-area mode is an old method, it is still perhaps the best method of estimating path loss in open country if the only parameters known about the ground are its irregularity and (less importantly at UHF) its electrical constants. The Longley-Rice model is best suited to the following parameters: n

Frequency: 20 MHz to 10 GHz

n

Distance: 1 km to 2000 km

n

Antenna Heights: 0.5 m to 3000 m

n

Polarization: Vertical or Horizontal

References For more information about the Longley-Rice model, see the following references: Rappaport, T.S. Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice. Prentice Hall, 1996.



Hufford, Longley, and Kissick. “A Guide to the Use of the ITS Irregular Terrain Model in the Area Prediction Mode”, U.S. Department of Commerce. April 1982.

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Understanding model tuning The term model tuning applies generally to the process of adjusting the parameters of a propagation model in order to generate predictions that are as accurate and realistic as possible. Model tuning is usually performed using measured signal strength data collected during surveying. This survey data is used to change clutter absorption loss values and other parameters in the propagation model. For more information on collecting and working with survey data, see “Chapter 5: Managing Survey Data”. To tune a model in Mentum Planet , you can use: n

n

the Clutter Absorption Loss tuner which enables you to tune all propagation model types the Planet Automatic Model Tuner (AMT) which enables you to tune the Planet General Model



Understanding clutter classes and clutter properties Propagation models perform path loss calculations based on the types of clutter through which the signal passes. The terrain is classified into clutter classes based on land use or ground cover, e.g., Industrial, Residential, Forest. For each clutter class, a set of clutter properties is specified, depending on the propagation model. All models (with the exception of the Universal Model)specify clutter absorption loss. Some models specify additional properties, such as average obstacle height. For your project, the clutter file specifies the clutter class for each bin of the coverage area. Before you can generate signal strength predictions or do model tuning, you must define the values of the clutter properties for each clutter class. These values are saved in the Propagation Model File (.pmf). Your choice of ground type for each clutter class sets default values for numeric properties, such as Clutter Absorption Loss. You can edit these values. Usually this is done as part of model tuning.

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Tuning the Planet General Model using AMT You can use the Planet Automatic Model Tuner (AMT) to automatically optimize components of the Planet General Model using survey data from single or multiple sites. You can tune the Planet General Model using one of the following methods: n

n

Smart—simplifies the tuning process and is recommended if you have little or no knowledge of model tuning Standard—enables you to manually tune the model using a complex, multi-step procedure. For detailed information on using the Standard option, see “Tuning the Planet General Model using AMT” in the Planet General Model Technical Note.

When you use the Smart option, all of the model parameters are set to Optimize. When set to Optimize, the Planet AMT runs various correlation and cross-correlation tests to determine which model parameters can be optimized. If any parameters cannot be optimized, default values are used.

To tune the Planet General Model using AMT 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Operational Data category, right-click a survey and choose Model Tuning. The Model Tuning dialog box opens.

2

Provide the information for which you are prompted and, from the Model To Tune list, choose a Planet General Model template.

3

From the Model Tuner list, choose Planet AMT Version 1.5.

4

To edit the AMT, click Edit Tuner.



5

In the Tuner Type section, choose the Smart option. For information on using the Standard AMT option, see “Tuning the Planet General Model using AMT” in the Planet General Model Technical Note. Custom model parameter values will not be optimized. If a factor cannot be optimized, a suitable default value is used.

6

To define custom correlation or cross-correlation values, in the Correlation/Cross-Correlation Threshold Values section, type values in any of the following boxes: n

Correlation P3T

n

Correlation P4T

n

Cross-Correlation P35T

n

Cross-Correlation P45T

Defining a custom correlation or cross-correlation value is useful if you want to optimize a particular factor that does not meet the

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threshold requirements. For example, if p4T = 0.4, and p4 = 0.15, K4 cannot be optimized. You can enable K4 to be optimized by setting p4T to 0.1. If you chose to define custom thresholds, the resulting factors might produce an invalid model. Before applying the model, you must ensure that the ranges you have specified are valid. For more information, see the Planet General Model Technical Note. 7

Save the settings in a Planet AMT settings (.set) file if required and click OK.

8

In the Model Tuning dialog box, click OK to begin the model tuning process. When the model tuning process is complete, the tuned model is added to the Propagation Models node in the Project Data category of the Project Explorer.

NOTE: You can edit the properties of the tuned model using the Propagation Model Editor. To access the Propagation Model Editor, expand Propagation Models in the Project Data category of the Project Explorer, right-click the tuned model and choose Edit.



Planet Automatic Model Tuner Use the Planet Automatic Model Tuner Properties dialog box to define model tuning parameters for the Automatic Model Tuner version 1.0. NOTE: This section details key parameters. For descriptions of all available parameters, see the online Help.

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Toolbar Click this button to create a new template. New templates are added the Templates list. Click this button to open a Planet AMT Parameter file. The opened file is added the Templates list. Click this button to save the current parameters in a new Planet AMT Parameter file. Click this button to save the current parameters. Templates—choose from this list a template to load parameters from into the Planet Automatic Model Tuner dialog box.



Tuner Type Smart—choose this option to use the Smart AMT method of setting Kfactor values. When you use the Smart option, all of the model parameters are set to Optimize. When set to Optimize, the Planet AMT runs various correlation and cross-correlation tests to determine which model parameters can be optimized. If any parameters cannot be optimized, default values are used. Standard—choose this option to use the Standard AMT method of setting K-factor values.

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Model Parameters K1—choose from this list an option to set the value of the K1 factor. The box to the left of the list displays the value of the chosen option. Choose Optimize to have the Planet Automatic Model Tuner optimize the K1 factor. Choose User defined to type a value for the K1 factor in the box to the left of the list. The valid range is from -100 to 100. K2—choose from this list an option to set the value of the K2 factor. The box to the left of the list displays the value of the chosen option. Choose Optimize to have the Planet Automatic Model Tuner optimize the K2 factor. Choose User defined to type a value for the K2 factor in the box to the left of the list. The valid range is from -120 to 0. K3—choose from this list an option to set the value of the K3 factor. The box to the left of the list displays the value of the chosen option. Choose Optimize to have the Planet Automatic Model Tuner optimize the K3 factor. Choose User defined to type a value for the K3 factor in the box to the left of the list. The valid range is from -60 to 0. K4—choose from this list an option to set the value of the K4 factor. The box to the left of the list displays the value of the chosen option. Choose Optimize to have the Planet Automatic Model Tuner optimize the K4 factor. Choose User defined to type a value for the K4 factor in the box to the left of the list. The valid range is from 0 to 1. K5—choose from this list an option to set the value of the K5 factor. The box to the left of the list displays the value of the chosen option. Choose Optimize to have the Planet Automatic Model Tuner optimize the K5 factor. Choose User defined to type a value for the K5 factor in the box to the left of the list. The valid range is from 0 to 100. Clutter Offset—choose from this list an option to define how clutter is optimized. The box to the left of the list displays the value of the chosen option. Choose Optimize to have the Planet Automatic Model Tuner optimize clutter. Choose User defined to type a value for Clutter Offset in the box to the left of the list. The valid range is from -20 to 40.



Correlation/Cross-Correlation Threshold Values Use this section to set correlation and cross-correlation thresholds. Correlation P3T—type in this box a value for the Correlation P3T threshold. The valid range is from 0.01 to 0.99. Correlation P4T—type in this box a value for the Correlation P4T threshold. The valid range is from 0.01 to 0.99. Cross-Correlation P24T—type in this box a value for the CrossCorrelation P24T threshold. The valid range is from 0.01 to 0.99. Cross-Correlation P35T—type in this box a value for the CrossCorrelation P35T threshold. The valid range is from 0.01 to 0.99.

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Tuning models using the Clutter Absorption Loss tuner Using the Clutter Absorption Loss (CAL) tuner, you can determine the appropriate clutter property assignment values for clutter absorption loss for a single site. The CAL tuner can be used to optimize all propagation model types, except for third-party models. The Clutter Absorption Loss tuner enables you to calculate the mean error between the predicted signal strength and the survey data for each clutter class. The mean error is then used as the value for the clutter absorption loss of each clutter class in the clutter property assignment file. Tuning is different for slope-based models and deterministic models such as CRC-Predict. Slope-based models take clutter into account automatically when generating predictions. For example, when using the Okumura-Hata model, you can choose from four clutter classes: Urban, Suburban, Quasi-Open, and Open. Each clutter class implies a generalized clutter environment that affects the slope of the model’s algorithm. When using the Planet General Model, you can set many parameters. The CRC-Predict model, however, depends on the model of the environment and the specification of clutter property assignments. The CRC-Predict algorithm interacts with a model of the clutter environment in a deterministic fashion to predict path loss. Path loss is calculated by simulating the propagation of a radio wave as it passes over various terrain features. Model tuning with survey data for all models involves updating the clutter absorption loss values. Model tuning for the CRC-Predict model involves the additional step of adjusting the clutter property assignments for average obstacle height and ground type. NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help.



To tune a model using the Clutter Absorption Loss tuner 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Operational Data category, right-click a survey and choose Model Tuning. The Model Tuning dialog box opens.

2

Provide the information for which you are prompted and, from the Model Tuner list, choose the Clutter Absorption Loss Tuner.

3

To edit the CAL Tuner, choose Edit Tuner.

4

Modify Tuner settings as required and click OK.

5

In the Model Tuning dialog box, click OK to begin the tuning process. The Model Tuning dialog box opens and displays the progress of the model tuning process.

6

When the process is complete, click Close in the Model Tuning dialog box.

7

To view a model tuning report in text format, click Yes in the Mentum Planet dialog box.

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When the model tuning process is complete, the tuned model is added to the Propagation Models node in the Project Data category of the Project Explorer.

NOTE: If the calculated Clutter Absorption Loss (CAL) values are overwhelmingly negative, lower the clutter heights and retune the model. CAL values should normally fall between -3 dB and +12 dB.

TIP: You can edit the properties of the tuned model using the Propagation Model Editor. To access the Propagation Model Editor, expand Propagation Models in the Project Data category of the Project Explorer, right-click the tuned model and choose Edit.



Clutter Absorption Loss Properties Use the Clutter Absorption Loss Properties dialog box to define model tuning parameters for the Clutter Absorption Loss model tuner. NOTE: This section details key parameters. For descriptions of all available parameters, see the online Help. Number Of Iterations—choose from this list the number of iterations to perform on clutter absorption loss values. Usually, performing two iterations will give acceptable values. An iteration is the process of updating the clutter absorption loss values with the survey analysis prediction values for each clutter class. For each iteration, a survey analysis prediction is created. If more than one iteration is applied, the updated values are applied to the .pmf file cumulatively.

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Survey Distance Use this section to define the distance from the survey antenna that survey points must fall within to be used by the Clutter Absorption Loss model tuner to tune the model. Computed Propagation Distance—this field displays the distance in meters from the survey antenna location to the furthest survey point in the heights file. NOTE: If you choose more than one survey in the Project Explorer, only the survey containing the survey point that is farthest from the survey antenna will be used to tune the model. Enable Survey Filtering By Distance—enable this check box to define the distance from the survey antenna that survey points used to tune the model must fall within. Distance—type in this box or choose the distance from the survey antenna that survey points used to tune a model must fall within. The Clutter Absorption Loss model tuner will ignore any survey points further than this distance from the survey antenna.



Number of Radials Use this section to define the number of radials originating from a site along which to calculate predictions. More radials produce a more accurate but slower calculation. Computed Number Of Radials—choose this option to use the computed number of radials to calculate predictions. Planet divides the propagation distance by the bin distance to compute the number of radials to use, which is displayed in the box to the right. For example, Propagation distance: 15km (15000m) Bin distance: 30m Calculation: 15000m / 30m Result: 500 radials User Defined Number Of Radials—choose this option to define the number of radials to use to calculate predictions. In the box to the right, type or choose the number of radials to use.

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Tuning a propagation model In order to model a network that is as close to the real-world network as possible, you should calibrate the propagation model using survey measurements. Once you have calibrated the model, you can apply the model to other sites that share the same general type of environment, provided that the model is not overly dependent on calibrations (empirical models generally rely heavily on calibrations). For detailed information about: n

n

using survey data with Mentum Planet, see “Managing Survey Data” in the Mentum Planet User Guide. In particular, see the “Workflow for surveys”. model tuning, see “Working with Propagation Models” in the Mentum Planet User Guide .

NOTE: If you are using the Universal Model, you can tune it using the Universal Model Tuning algorithm.



Guidelines for model tuning n

n

n

n

n

n

n

Follow the recommended guidelines for collecting survey data. See “Collecting survey data” in the Mentum Planet User Guide. Aggregate survey data in order to account for Rayleigh fading. See “Modifying survey data” in the Mentum Planet User Guide. Ensure that the frequency of the input model used in model tuning is accurate and the receiver height corresponds to measured data. Ensure that the clutter maps you use are accurate and up-to-date. Verify that the model uses clutter heights that are recommended or appropriate for the model. Ensure that ground types, if used, are appropriate. For example, moist ground should be assigned to farmland. Create one model to cover all surveys with similar characteristics. For example, for a given metropolitan area, start with one input propagation model. Tune one model for the sub-urban area. Using the same input model, tune a second model for very dense urban and downtown area. The tuned models will provide reasonably accurate predictions for topologies of similar clutter characteristics (such as neighboring regions). This approach can be fine tuned by subdividing the metropolitan area to more than two areas and generating corresponding models for each area.

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Creating and editing propagation models Propagation models are organized in the Project Data category of the Project Explorer. The icons of propagation models that have been assigned to a sector are displayed in color. The icons of propagation models that have not been assigned to a sector, but are located in the Model folder of the project, appear dimmed. You can refine how a propagation model behaves by modifying the propagation model settings using the Propagation Model Editor. Once you have refined the model, you can apply the propagation model to an individual site or sector. Propagation models saved in the /Global/Model folder will be available each time you create a project. Models saved in the project folder are project specific.

To define a new propagation model 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Project Data category, rightclick Propagation Models and choose New. The Create New Propagation Model dialog box opens.

2

From the Propagation Model Type list, choose the model on which you want to base your new model, and then click OK.

3

In the Propagation Model Editor, on the Settings tab, click in the Name field and define a name for the new model.

4

Modify the parameters of the propagation model to correspond to your network design. For detailed information on the settings available on these tabs, press F1 for online Help.

5

Click OK.



To edit propagation model settings 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Project Data category, expand Propagation Models, right-click a propagation model and choose Edit. The Propagation Model Editor opens.

The tabs that are displayed in the Editor depend on the model you have chosen. 2

In the Propagation Model Editor, modify the settings on any of the following tabs: n

n

Settings—allows you to set frequency, receiver height, and earth curvature. Enables you to use a different resolution heights file or clutter file with the propagation model than that which is specified in the project settings. This is useful if you want to generate a prediction where you are using a high-resolution grid in urban areas and a lower-resolution grid in the rest of the project area. Clutter Properties—allows you to specify whether or not the model uses a clutter grid and allows you to define

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the physical properties of the environment that affect predictions. The values assigned to the electrical and physical properties for each clutter class are determined from observations of the physical area and from data gathered during surveys. n

n

n

n

n

n

3

General—allows you to define model-specific parameters. The parameters displayed on the general tab depend on the model you chose. Path Clutter—allows you to adjust the effect of clutter based on four weighting functions. This tab is specific to the Planet General Model. Troposcatter Effect—allows you to specify how the radio wave is modeled over the horizon as a result of the earth’s atmosphere. This tab is specific to the Planet General Model. Okumura—allows you to apply Okumura correction factors. This tab is specific to the Planet General Model. Effective Antenna Height—allows you to define the effective antenna height using one of seven algorithms: base height, spot height, average height, slope, profile, absolute spot height, or ground reflection slope. This tab is specific to the Planet General Model. Rain Attenuation—determines whether or not rain attenuation is calculated. If you choose to include rain attenuation, you can define an attenuation rate or a rate of rainfall. This tab is specific to the Planet General Model.

Click OK to save propagation model settings. When you choose the ground type for the CRC-Predict model, the Clutter Absorption Loss is set to 0. When you optimize survey results using the Model Tuning tool, the tool calculates the Clutter Absorption Loss.

TIP: You can also access the Propagation Model Editor in the Site Editor. To edit the model for a sector, in the Site Editor, click the Link tab and click Edit next to the Model list.



To view or hide unassigned propagation models n

In the Project Explorer, in the Project Data category, right-click Propagation Models and do one of the following: n

n

To display in the Project Explorer those propagation models that have not been assigned to a sector, choose Show Unassigned Propagation Models. To hide in the Project Explorer those propagation models that have not been assigned to a sector, choose Hide Unassigned Propagation Models.

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Defining Network Settings

Chapter 6 Defining Network Settings After you create a project, you must define the network settings. Network settings include the technology type, supported modulations, frame configuration, and the spectrum allotment. This chapter describes how to define network settings. This chapter covers the following topics: Understanding network settings

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Workflow for defining network settings

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Defining network settings

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Network Settings

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Carriers

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Network Settings

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Modulations

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CINR To Spectral Efficiency Specification

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Network Settings

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Frame Setup

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OFDM

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Frame Configuration

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Downlink

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Cyclic Prefix

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Control Channel

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Overhead

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Uplink

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Cyclic Prefix

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Demodulation Reference Signal

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Sounding Reference Signal

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Control Channel

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Understanding network settings Network settings define the technology type, supported modulations and the frame configuration settings that apply to your network as well as the spectrum definition. All network settings are grouped in the Network Settings dialog box.

Technology types Mentum Planet supports WiMAX TDD, Fixed WiMAX TDD, Fixed WiMAX FDD, LTE FDD, cdma2000, and WCDMA technologies as well as a generic technology. You define which technologies are available on the Spectrum Allocation tab. It is important to configure bands correctly in order to avoid cases where a single real physical band is defined to several subbands; therefore, making it difficult to manage the channels correctly at the sector level.

Carriers Carriers define the frequencies available in your network and the bandwidth of each. They are automatically calculated according to the available spectrum and channel bandwidth specified on the Spectrum Allocation tab. After carriers are calculated, you can assign them to individual sectors. Once you do so, you cannot modify the spectrum allocation or carriers. The start and end frequencies are read-only when the carriers are in use. You can define multiple bands per technology and overlapping between bands is allowed. Each sector in the network is assigned to a single band but can be allocated one or more carriers within that band. Subscriber equipment is configured to support one or more bands. You can view details of all available carriers and specify carrier availability on the Carriers tab in the Network Settings dialog box for the selected technology. When carriers are reserved, for example, clear the Availability check box.

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Modulations System modulations define downlink and uplink modulation schemes used by the network. Each modulation can be defined by either a single CINR/spectral efficiency value or by a CINR to spectral efficiency curve. Each modulation can be defined by its modulation efficiency (Useful bits per symbol) and required CINR (C/(N+I)). You can also specify a downlink amplifier back-off level, which represents the reduction of power used when using a specific modulation. This is sometime required with higher order modulations in order to increase the linearity of the amplifier given the higher required CINR of these modulations. This applies, for example, in OFDM as the peak-to-average power ratio of OFDM signals is actually high. Default modulations are provided depending on the configuration file that you chose when you created a project. You must define any additional modulations supported by your network.

Frame Setup The configuration of the OFDM frame provides a means of controlling (in a detailed way) the allocated frame structure and resources. In the time domain, a channel is divided into frames. On the Frame Setup tab in the Network Settings dialog box, you can define the OFDM sampling factor. You can also add or remove the frame configuration or edit the frame configuration using the Frame Editor. The Frame Editor consolidates all parameters related to a frame configuration in one dialog box. You can specify the cyclic prefix. The cyclic prefix is the fraction of each data symbol that is copied from the end of the symbol and added to the beginning. The cyclic prefix functions as a guard interval between OFDM symbols in order to limit the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) that is caused by the multipath propagation of radio signals. The standard defines two cyclic prefix values (i.e., Normal and Extended). The choice you make for the cyclic prefix is based on the frequency band and the radio environment. You can eliminate the ISI by selecting a guard interval that is larger than the expected multipath delay spread. However, the larger guard



interval increases the symbol period, which leads to a loss of bandwidth efficiency and a waste of transmit power.

Figure 6.1: Figure 5.10 LTE Frame Editor You can define the cyclic prefix and duration as well as the number of reference symbols per subframe and the frequency separation between them. You can also specify various parameters related to the OFDM symbols and the resource blocks.

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Workflow for defining network settings Step 1

Specify the technologies supported by the network.

Step 2

Define the spectrum allocation.

Step 3

For each available technology, specify which carriers (or carriers) are available, define supported modulations, and determine the frame configuration.



Defining network settings When you define network settings, you specify the technology types for the project. You also define the carriers supported, the available downlink and uplink modulations, as well as the frame configuration.

To define network settings 1

Choose Edit

Network Settings.

The Network Settings dialog box opens.

2

On the Network Technologies panel, enable the technologies supported by the network.

3

In the tree view, choose Spectrum Allocation.

4

Click the LTE FDD tab and modify LTE parameters as required.

5

In the tree view, choose LTE FDD.

6

Define carrier and modulation parameters as required.

7

Click the Frame Setup tab, define OFDM settings.

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8

In the Frame Configuration table and click any of the following buttons: n

Edit—to open the Frame Editor and modify frame parameters for the selected frame configuration.

n

Add—to add a new frame configuration.

n

Remove—to delete a frame configuration.

To define frame configurations 1

In the LTE Frame Editor, define frame parameters as required.

2

Click OK.



Network Settings Use the Network Settings dialog box to indicate which technologies you have in your network and to define settings and allocate spectrum for each technology. It provides n

tree representation of technologies and spectrum

n

easy access to network settings

n

right-click access to relevant commands

For more information about working with network settings, see the User Guide for the technology you are using.

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Carriers Carrier Name—type in this field an alphanumeric string to identify the carrier. Band Name—displays the band name. Band names are defined on the Spectrum Allocation tab. Downlink Center Frequency—displays a value in MHz, at the mid-point of the carrier bandwidth on the downlink. Uplink Center Frequency—displays a value in MHz, at the mid-point of the carrier bandwidth on the uplink. Bandwidth—displays a value in MHz to define the carrier bandwidth. Availability—enable this check box to make the carrier an available network resource. When you clear this check box, the associated carrier is not available to any sector in the network and, as a result, is not available for LTE frequency planning.





n


n



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Modulations Use these tabs to define the downlink and uplink modulations and coding schemes (MCS) supported by the network. Characteristics of a MCS can be defined by its spectral efficiency and the required C/(N+I).



CINR To Spectral Efficiency Specification Use Single Value—choose this option to define the spectral efficiency of a MCS by a single value of useful bit per symbol. The useful bit per symbol is the information bits carried by a modulated symbol after the channel coding. For example, a MCS that uses a combination of 64-QAM modulation and a 2/3 coding rate offers a spectral efficiency of 4 useful bits per symbol. Use Curve—choose this option to define the spectral efficiency of a MCS using a useful bits per symbol to CINR curve. The curve represents the variation of spectral efficiency under different channel qualities. Downlink Properly configuring the modulation for both the uplink and downlink plays an important role in predicting performance in your wireless network. The modulation parameters are used to define the required C/(N+I) (and ultimately the threshold), the interference susceptibility, and the spectral efficiency. Any system using adaptive (dynamic) modulation will also require that each supported modulation be defined. Name—type in this field a name for the modulation and coding scheme. Useful Bits Per Symbol—type in this field the spectral efficiency for the modulation. When you generate analyses, this value is used to determine the maximum achievable data rate when the modulation and coding scheme is available. This option is only available when you choose the Use Single Value option. Required C/(N+I)—type in this field the required minimum signal to interference level to achieve the modulation. This value is computed as a function of the Required Eb/No and vice-versa. Changing this value automatically updates the Required Eb/No value accordingly. It is used to determine whether a modulation scheme is available to a CPE at any given location, according to the C/(N+I) level at that location. This option is only available when you choose the Use Single Value option. Amplifier Backoff—type in this field the amount by which power is reduced when this modulation is used. Typically, the higher the spectral

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efficiency of a modulation, the greater the amplifier backoff you should assign. This value is used whenever the modulation type is applied in the generation of analyses. Mobile Speed—choose from this list the mobile speed to associate with the modulation. You define mobile speeds in the Project Settings dialog box. Curve—displays the name of the curve file. This column is only available when you choose the Use Curve option. Browse(...)—click this button to select a curve (.mcs) file. This column is only available when you choose the Use Curve option. Edit Curve—click this button to open the Curve Editor where you can edit curve files. This column is only available when you choose the Use Curve option. Add—click this button to add a new modulation to the table. This column is only available when you choose the Use Curve option. Remove—click this button to remove the selected modulation from the table. This column is only available when you choose the Use Curve option. Uplink Properly configuring the modulation for both the uplink and downlink plays an important role in predicting performance in your wireless network. The modulation parameters are used to define the required C/(N+I) (and ultimately the threshold), the interference susceptibility, and the spectral efficiency. Any system using adaptive (dynamic) modulation will also require that each supported modulation be defined. Name—type in this field a name for the modulation and coding scheme. Useful Bits Per Symbol—type in this field the spectral efficiency for the modulation. When you generate analyses, this value is used to determine the maximum achievable data rate when the modulation and coding scheme is available. This option is only available when you choose the Use Single Value option.



Required C/(N+I)—type in this field the required minimum signal to interference level to achieve the modulation. It is used to determine whether a modulation scheme is available to a CPE at any given location, according to the C/(N+I) level at that location. This option is only available when you choose the Use Single Value option. Mobile Speed—choose from this list the mobile speed to associate with the modulation. You define mobile speeds in the Project Settings dialog box. Curve—displays the name of the curve file. This column is only available when you choose the Use Curve option. Browse(...)—click this button to select a curve (.mcs) file. This column is only available when you choose the Use Curve option. Edit Curve—click this button to open the Curve Editor where you can edit curve files. This column is only available when you choose the Use Curve option. Add—click this button to add a new modulation to the table. Remove—click this button to remove the selected modulation from the table.

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n


n





Frame Setup

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OFDM This section displays the FFT size and Sampling frequency associated with a carrier bandwidth supported by LTE technology. For other OFDM based technologies (e.g., WiMAX TDD), the two parameters are used to compute subcarrier spacing. For LTE, the subcarrier spacing is fixed at 15KHz. Use Interference Coordination—enable this check box to specify that the network implements inter-cell interference coordination techniques. FTT Size—displays the FTT sized used by the frame. Sampling Frequency—displays the sampling frequency for the channel bandwidth.



Frame Configuration Name—click in this field to define a name for the frame configuration. Duration—displays the duration of the frame in ms. Number of Slots—displays the number of slots available in a frame. Number Of Occupied Subcarriers (Downlink)—displays the number of subcarriers to use for downlink transmission. The number of occupied downlink subcarriers is automatically determined by the carrier bandwidth as defined in the Spectrum Allocation settings. Number Of Occupied Subcarriers (Uplink)—displays the number of subcarriers to use for uplink transmission. The number of occupied uplink subcarriers is automatically determined by the carrier bandwidth as defined by the Spectrum Allocation settings.

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LTE FDD Frame Editor Use the LTE FDD Frame Editor dialog box to define the cyclic prefix, reference signal resource elements as other related frame parameters. For more information about frames, see the LTE FDD User Guide.



Downlink

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Cyclic Prefix Use this section to allow for the cyclic prefix. The cyclic prefix is the fraction of each data symbol that is copied from the end of the symbol and added to the beginning. The cyclic prefix functions as a guard interval between OFDM symbols in order to limit the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) that is caused by the multipath propagation of radio signals. The LTE standard defines two cyclic prefix values (i.e., Normal and Extended). You can eliminate the ISI by selecting a guard interval that is larger than the expected multipath delay spread. However, the larger guard interval increases the symbol period, which leads to a loss of bandwidth efficiency and a waste of transmit power. Cyclic Prefix—choose from this list the type of cyclic prefix you want to use (i.e., Normal, Extended). The cyclic prefix duration for both the normal and the extended cyclic prefix types is displayed in the Cyclic Prefix Duration box. Cyclic Prefix Duration—type in this box the duration of guard time in microseconds. This box is only available when you have selected a userdefined cyclic prefix.



Control Channel Number Of PDCCH Symbols Per Subframe—type in this box the number of symbols in a slot used for downlink control channel transmission.

Number Of OFDM Symbols Per Slot—displays the number of OFDM symbols per slot. OFDM Symbol Duration—displays the duration of the OFDM symbols in a downlink slot, expressed in microseconds.

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Overhead This table displays the calculated total downlink frame overhead as a percentage of on the downlink frame duration. Downlink overhead accounts for the duration of cyclic prefix, the resource elements allocated for Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) and Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), as well as the resource elements used for reference signal transmission. The number of resource elements allocated to the reference signal depends on the number of transmit antennas. LTE standards specify the number of reference symbols per slot and the subcarrier separation between reference symbols required for transmit antennas of 1, 2 and 4. The total overheads are calculated for each of the antenna system configurations.



LTE FDD Frame Editor Use the LTE FDD Frame Editor dialog box to define permutation zones, the frame overhead as well as other related frame parameters. For more information about frames, see the LTE FDD User Guide.

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Uplink



Cyclic Prefix Use this section to allow for the cyclic prefix. The cyclic prefix is the fraction of each data symbol that is copied from the end of the symbol and added to the beginning. The cyclic prefix functions as a guard interval between OFDM symbols in order to limit the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) that is caused by the multipath propagation of radio signals. The LTE standard defines two cyclic prefix values (i.e., Normal and Extended). The choice you make for the cyclic prefix is based on the frequency band and the radio environment. You can eliminate the ISI by selecting a guard interval that is larger than the expected multipath delay spread. However, the larger guard interval increases the symbol period, which leads to a loss of bandwidth efficiency and a waste of transmit power. Cyclic Prefix—choose from this list the type of cyclic prefix you want to use (i.e., Normal and Extended). The cyclic prefix duration for both the normal and the extended cyclic prefix types is displayed in the Cyclic Prefix Duration box. Cyclic Prefix Duration—type in this box the guard time duration in microseconds. This box is only available when you have selected a userdefined cyclic prefix.

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Demodulation Reference Signal Number of Symbols Per Slot—type in this box the number of symbols used to transmit the uplink demodulation reference signal, per slot.

Sounding Reference Signal Number Of Resource Blocks—type in this box the number of resource blocks in which the sounding reference signal is carried. The sounding reference signal is transmitted in one symbol per subframe for every second subcarrier.



Control Channel Number Of PUCCH Resource Blocks—type in this box the average number of symbols carrying the uplink control channel in each subframe.

Number of SC-FDMA Symbols Per Slot—displays the number of SCFDMA symbols per slot. SC-FDMA Symbol Duration—displays the duration of the SC-FDMA symbol in an uplink slot, expressed in microseconds. Overhead—displays the calculated overhead on the uplink. Uplink overhead is created by the cyclic prefix and the number of resource elements allocated to the reference signal.

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Configuring And Placing Sites

Chapter 7 Configuring And Placing Sites Once you have created a project and defined network settings you can configure and place the sites in your network. This chapter describes how to configure and place sites. This chapter covers the following topics: Workflow for configuring and placing sites

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Using site templates

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Understanding sites and sectors

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Placing sites automatically

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Site Templates

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Traffic

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Propagation Model

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Frequency Band

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Defining link configurations

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Uplink/Reverse

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Downlink/Forward

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Creating and editing sites

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Site Editor

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Link

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Antennas

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Predictions

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Mode

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Information

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Site Editor

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Filter

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Quality

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Site Editor

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Sector

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Configuration

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Segment

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Preamble

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Channels

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Site Editor

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Sector - Powers

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Uplink Interference

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Workflow for configuring and placing sites

Step 1

Create a new site using one of the following methods: n

by defining a new site

n

based on the settings of an existing site

n

based on a site template

Step 2

Define the supported antenna system.

Step 3

Define sector parameters.

Step 4

Define traffic settings.

Step 5

If required, edit placed sites and sectors.

Step 6

If required, save a site template.

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Using site templates Site templates store the settings defined in the Site Editor and make it easy to add sites with the same configuration at a later time. You can create a site template from either a site or a repeater. You can create as many site templates as required for your project. By default, the active site template is used in site creation. When you export a site template, you can view all the site and sector parameters in Excel. CAUTION: When the active site template is for a repeater, the donor sector value in the template is not copied over to the new site. You need to manually set the donor sector for the new site using the Site Editor.

To create a site template 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, expand the Sites node, right-click the site upon which you want to base the template and do one of the following: n

n

n

Choose Create Site Template Local if you want to save the site template on your workstation Choose Create Site Template Local if you want to save the site template on your workstation Choose CreateSiteTemplate Shared if you want to share the site template with other users using the Data Manager

2

Type a name for the site template.

3

Enable the Set as Active Template check box to set this site template as active. The active site template is used when creating new sites. If there is no active site template, default values are used.

4

Click OK. The site template is added to the Project Explorer.



To rename a site template 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, expand the Site Templates node, right-click the site template you want to rename, and choose Rename.

2

Modify the name as required.

To set the site template as active n

In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, expand the Site Templates node, right-click the site template you want to be active and choose Active.

The active site template is used when creating new sites. If there is no active site template, default values are used.

To view a site template n

In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, expand the Site Templates node, right-click the site template you want to view, and choose View.

The site template opens in Excel.

To delete a site template n

In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, expand the Site Templates node, right-click the site template you want to delete, and choose Delete.

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Understanding sites and sectors A site is a fixed geographical location. At the site, there are technology-specific base stations, each with associated sectors as illustrated in Figure 6.1. Hence, antenna systems can be shared between sectors that support different technologies.

Figure 6.1 Example of how a site, base stations, and sectors relate. In the Site Editor, you can access all pertinent information about a site, associated base stations and the sectors they support. This includes link information, quality and performance criteria, as well as details about the supported antenna systems as shown in Figure 6.2.



Figure 6.2 Site Editor A unique name identifies each site. You can add additional identification information about a site such as a detailed site name, descriptive site details, and a Universal ID. You can view and update site and sector parameters using the Tabular Editor.

General site parameters On the General tab at the base station level, you select the modulations that you want the site to support and define the maximum pooled throughput allowed.

General sector parameters On the General tab at the sector level, you define the flags and groups that are applicable to the sector and you specify the frequency band

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supported.

Link parameters The parameters on the Link tab focus on the settings required to model a communication link between the user and the sector. This includes antenna parameters, prediction parameters, and the link configuration (as defined in the link configuration).

Sector user data If you have an identification string that describes the sector more fully than simply the sector name, you can define an additional universal ID on the Sector User Data tab. Custom user data fields added by the Data Manager Administrator also appear on this tab.

Implementation parameters The parameters on the Implementation tab center around the performance and quality of the signal provided by the sector. This includes filter loss parameters and quality parameters (such as the best server coverage threshold) as well as the phase jitter effect. You can use filters to suppress unwanted interference from adjacent channels. Filter characteristics are saved as filter (.flt) files. You can specify filters for the downlink (i.e., the transmit mask) and you can also specify filters for the uplink (i.e., the receive filter). The filter loss table allows you to specify the frequency offset and the associated filter loss parameter. The frequency is the difference between the first and second channel away from the center frequency. Filter loss values depend on the filter chosen by the equipment manufacturer. These values will be used to determine the nature of the adjacent-channel interference. You can save the values in the Filter Loss table as a .flt file using the options from the File menu.



Figure 6.3 illustrates a filter that models a channel with a 10 MHz bandwidth. With a 5.45 MHz frequency separation, the excessive energy transmitted outside the channel bandwidth is attenuated by 25 dB while at 9.75 MHz, it is attenuated by 32 dB. If your filter files are not configured correctly, this could result in an excess or shortage of adjacent channel interference. The latter is a less desirable situation because it could lead to overestimated coverage.

Figure 7.1: This figure illustrates a sample filter loss graph for the transmit signal. In this example, the filter loss is specified as 32 dB for 9.75 MHz frequency separation. You can also define a separate filter loss graph for the receive signal.

Configuration parameters Configuration parameters include the channelcarrier and frame configuration for the sector. You define the frame configuration in the Frame Editor.

Power parameters Power parameters define the power requirements for the sector. You can view the power distribution.

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Antenna Systems In the Site Editor, the antenna pattern, associated antenna parameters, and location are grouped on the General tab making it easy to set up a non colocated sector. You can also access the Antenna Editor where you can define more detailed elements of the antenna system including the settings related to the use of multiple antennas, the master antenna, or the antenna element.



Placing sites automatically Using the Automatic Site Placement Tool (ASPT), you can place sites in a defined area quickly and easily. There are two modes that you can use with the ASPT: n

n

Basic—the tool generates hexagons based on the criteria you define and places a site at the center of each hexagon using either the default site configuration or the site template you specify. If you are using a clutter file, you can exclude clutter classes such that no sites will be placed within them. Advanced —the tool generates complex shapes based on the planning strategy you choose and the criteria you define (including clutter-specific criteria) and places a site at the center of the shape using the site template you specify. Each site is given a level of priority that determines whether it becomes a possible site candidate. In Advanced mode, you can use a traffic map in order to generate more accurate shapes. In addition, you can use existing and candidate sites in the site placement process.

Determining site placement in the Basic mode Step 1

The ASPT divides the selected polygon into a series of hexagons based on the hexagon radius or the number of hexagons you define in the generation options.

Step 2

A proposed site is placed at the center of each hexagon using the site template that you specify.

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Step 3

When you create sites, sites are added to the Sites node in the Project Explorer and placed on the map.

Determining site placement in the Advanced mode Step 1

Step 2

The ASPT divides the selected polygon into a series of shapes based on the planning strategy you define. There are two types of planning strategies: n

Greenfield, where there are no existing sites in the network

n

Expansion, where there are existing sites

Depending on the settings you define, the ASPT displays possible site locations on the map. In Advanced mode, there are three types of sites identified during the automatic site placement process: n

n

n

Existing Sites—sites you have placed in the network at existing locations. Candidate Sites—sites you have placed in the network at possible site locations. New Sites—sites that will be placed by the ASPT automatically based on the defined criteria to fill in any gaps.



You can specify when to place a site in individual clutter classes and which site template you use. You can also define propagation model parameters including the site radius, the minimum and maximum site radius, the Okumura class as well as the frequency band (whether network-defined or userdefined).

Step 3

A possible site is placed at the center of each shape using the site template that you specify. If the planning strategy you choose is "Expansion" with existing sites, then existing sites are considered first in the planning process, candidate sites are considered next, and new sites are placed to fill in any gaps. In the illustration that follows, the blue sites are existing sites, the green sites are candidate sites, and the purple sites are new sites. Candidate sites are considered in order of priority (defined in the Site Editor).

Step 4

When you create sites, candidate sites become permenant sites and are added to the Sites node in the Project Explorer. New sites are placed in gap areas, added to the Project Explorer and placed on the map. A new local group is also created that contains the newly created sites.

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To place sites in Basic mode 1

To specify the boundaries of the area within which you want to place sites, do one of the following: n

n

2

Make the cosmetic layer editable, draw a polygon using the tools on the Drawing toolbar, and then select it. Create an area grid.

Choose Tools

Automatic Site Placement.

The Automatic Site Placement dialog box opens.



3

In the Mode section, choose the Basic option.

4

In the Region section, choose one of the following options: n

n

Polygon—to identify the region within which you want to place sites using a polygon. When you use this option, you must create a polygon on the cosmetic layer using the tools on the Drawing toolbar. Area—to identify the region within which you want to place sites using an area grid. When you use this option, you must first have created an area grid.

5

Click the Settings tab and define how to place sites.

6

Click Generate.

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To place sites in Advanced mode 1

To specify the boundaries of the area within which you want to place sites, do one of the following: n

n

2

Make the cosmetic layer editable, draw a polygon using the tools on the Drawing toolbar, and then select it Create an area grid.

Choose Tools

Automatic Site Placement.

The Automatic Site Placement dialog box opens. 3

In the Mode section, choose the Advanced option.

4

Define the required parameters on each of the following tabs:



n

n

n

5

General—includes network planning strategy (i.e., greenfield or expansion), existing and candidate site selection, and region definition. Site Templates—includes site template for each class, ability to adjust antenna heights, minimum and maximum antenna heights as well as minimum and maximum traffic loads. Propagation Model—includes Okumura class, site radius as well as minimum and maximum site radius.

Click Generate. Cells are placed across the region.

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Automatic Site Placement Tool In order to facilitate the placement of sites, you can use the Automatic Site Placement Tool to automatically place sites within a defined area. In the Basic mode, sites are placed at the center of each hexagon and saved to the site table. In Advanced mode, sites are placed based on the criteria you define (although still placed at the center of the shape). NOTE: If you are using a polygon to delineate the area where sites will be placed, you must ensure that the cosmetic layer is editable and that you have created an area object using the Drawing tools that identifies where you want to place sites.

NOTE: This section details key parameters. For descriptions of all available parameters, see the online Help.



Site Templates Index—displays the index number for the clutter class. Class Name—displays the clutter class name as defined in the clutter grid. Place Site—choose from this list if you want sites placed in the associated clutter class. Site Template—choose from this list the site template you want to use to place site within the associated clutter class. You define site templates in the Sites category of the Project Explorer. Adjust Antenna Height—choose from this list whether the antenna height can vary. This parameter is visible only when you are using a traffic map. Minimum Antenna Height—type in this box the minimum required antenna height if you are allowing antenna heights to be adjusted. This parameter is visible only when you are using a traffic map. Maximum Antenna Height—type in this box the maximum antenna height if you are allowing antenna heights to be adjusted. This parameter is visible only when you are using a traffic map. Minimum Site Traffic Load—type in this box the minimum site traffic load. This parameter is visible only when you are using a traffic map. Maximum Site Traffic Load—type in this box the maximum allowable site traffic load. This parameter is visible only when you are using a traffic map.

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Traffic Use Traffic Map—enable this check box if you want site placement to be influenced by the distribution of traffic. Using a traffic map will reduce site coverage. Choose the traffic map you want to use from the associated list.



Automatic Site Placement Tool In order to facilitate the placement of sites, you can use the Automatic Site Placement Tool to automatically place sites within a defined area. Sites are placed at the center of each hexagon and saved to the site table. NOTE: If you are using a polygon to delineate the area where sites will be placed, you must ensure that the cosmetic layer is editable and that you have created an area object using the Drawing tools that identifies where you want to place sites.


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Propagation Model Index—displays the index number for the clutter class. Class Name—displays the clutter class name as defined in the clutter grid. Class Weight—type in this box the weighting you want to assign to the class. The class weight affects the calculated average radial distance used to determine site placement. A low class weight will give less significance to the clutter class while a higher class weight increases the significance of the clutter class. This can be useful, for example, when a clutter grid includes roads and buildings. If you assign a clutter weight of 0 to roads and a clutter weight of 50 to buildings, site placement will focus on placing sites on the buildings. Okumura Class—choose from this list the Okumura class for which you want to define site placement parameters. Default Antenna Height—type in this box the default antenna height to use when placing sites. If you are using a traffic map, the default antenna height must be between the Minimum Antenna Height and the Maximum Antenna Height defined on the Site Templates tab. Maximum Allowable Pathloss—type in this box the maximum allowable pathloss for the clutter class. Site Radius—type in this box the radius of the placed site. Minimum Site Radius—type in this box the minimum allowable site radius for site placement. Maximum Site Radius—type in this box the maximum allowable site radius for site placement.



Frequency Band Network-Defined—choose this option to select one of the frequency bands defined in the Network Settings dialog box. Sites will use the specified band. User-Defined—choose this option to define the frequency band in the associated box. Sites will use the specified frequency band value.

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Defining link configurations Link configurations track the gains and losses that occur as a signal travels. In other words, a link configuration calculates the radiated power for a sector based on the power output of the sector’s power amplifier (PA) plus or minus system gains and losses. In Mentum Planet , you define link configurations in the Link Configuration Editor. You can define several link configurations for a project. When link configurations are assigned to sectors, the link configuration icon is blue as shown in Figure 6.3.

Figure 6.3 Assigned link configuration identified with a blue icon.

Losses and gains For both the downlink and uplink, a default antenna gain value is added based on the antenna type assigned to the sector. You cannot modify this value. Initially, the value is 0 but will be updated once the link configuration is assigned to a sector. A default Feeder value on both the downlink and the uplink is added to account for cable and connector losses and a main feeder loss is calculated by multiplying the cable length defined on the Link tab and the main feeder loss per meter defined in the associated link configuration. The main feeder value is always included in the link configuration calculations. A default BTS Noise Figure is assigned to the uplink to account for base station receiver noise gain. You should modify the BTS Noise Figure according to the manufacturer's hardware specifications.



You can add additional losses and gains as required. Because the Friis noise formula (see Equation 6.1) is used to calculate the Uplink Noise Figure, the order of the items in the Link Configuration Editor must match the hierarchy of the sector hardware (see Figure 6.4 ). By default, the BTS Noise Figure is always the last item in the list.

Figure 6.4 Example sector hardware configuration The Reverse Composite Noise Figure (Composite System Noise Figure (NFs)) is calculated as follows, using the Friis noise formula:

Equation 6.1 Friis noise formula

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When you assign a link configuration to a sector, you can view the impact it has in the Information section of the Link tab.

Figure 6.5 Information section on the Link tab in the Site Editor. If you are using an Excel spreadsheet to import link configuration settings, you must use the Index column to specify the order of the items in the Losses and Gains list. For more information, see “Importing and exporting project data” in Chapter 13, “Working With Network and Project Data”, in the Mentum Planet User Guide.




To define link configurations 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Project Data category, right-click Link Configurations and choose New. The Link Configuration Editor opens.

2

In the Name box, type a name to identify the link configuration.

3

Click the Uplink/Reverse tab and define link configuration parameters.

To view or hide unassigned link configurations n

In the Project Explorer, in the Project Data category, right-click Link Configurations and choose one of the following commands: n

Show Unassigned Link Configurations—displays in the Project Explorer those link configurations that have not been assigned to a sector.

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n

Hide Unassigned Link Configurations—hides in the Project Explorer those link configurations that have not been assigned to a sector.



Link Configuration Editor Use the Link Configuration Editor to define a common set of link settings that you can apply to specific sites, sector groups, or flags. When a link configuration has been assigned, the link icon is blue while unassigned link configurations are gray. For example, you could use the Link Configuration Editor with a newly created project to define a common set of losses and gains according to the hardware used most often in your network. Using these common settings as a base, you could then define individual or unique sector power settings as required. NOTE: This section details key parameters. For descriptions of all available parameters, see the online Help.

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Uplink/Reverse Use the Uplink/Reverse tab to define specific uplink/reverse link losses and gains for the sectors that belong to sites, site groups, or flags. Losses and gains defined for the uplink affect the total power for the sectors. The main feeder loss is calculated based on the cable length you define on the Link tab and is always displayed in the link configuration. You can add additional losses and gains as required. The Uplink/Reverse power settings initially display the power settings for the first sector in the group, the first sector with the specified flag condition, or the first sector chosen in the Project Explorer. For both the downlink and uplink, the initial value is an antenna gain. This value is determined by the antenna type assigned to each sector. You cannot modify this value.

Name—type in this box a name for the link configuration. This box is only available in the Link Configuration Editor. Type—choose from this list whether the change to the sector's power is a loss or a gain. Name—type in this box a name for the loss or gain. Value (dB)—type in this box a constant value for the loss or gain. Value (dB/m)—type in this box a value per meter for the loss or gain, to be multiplied by the cable length of the antenna. Move Up—click this button to move a chosen power loss or gain up one position in the list. Move Down—click this button to move a chosen power loss or gain down one position in the list. Add—click this button to add a power loss or a gain to the list. Remove—click this button to delete a power loss or gain from the list.



Link Configuration Editor Use the Link Configuration Editor to define a common set of link settings that you can apply to specific sites, sector groups, or flags. When a link configuration has been assigned, the link icon is blue while unassigned link configurations are gray. For example, you could use the Link Configuration Editor with a newly created project to define a common set of losses and gains according to the hardware used most often in your network. Using these common settings as a base, you could then define individual or unique sector power settings as required. NOTE: This section details key parameters. For descriptions of all available parameters, see the online Help.

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Downlink/Forward Use the Downlink/Forward tab to define specific downlink/forward link losses and gains for the sectors that belong to sites, site groups, or flags. Losses and gains defined for the downlink affect the total power for the sectors. The main feeder loss is calculated using the cable length you define on the Link tab in the Site Editor and the MainFeeder loss (dB/m) you define in the link configuration. This loss is always displayed in the link configuration. You can add additional losses and gains as required. The Downlink/Forward power settings initially display the power settings for the first sector in the group, the first sector with the specified flag condition, or the first sector chosen in the Project Explorer. For both the downlink and uplink, the initial value is an antenna gain. This value is determined by the antenna type assigned to each sector. You cannot modify this value.

Name—type in this box a name for the link configuration. Type—choose from this list whether the change to the sector's power is a loss or a gain. Name—type in this box a name for the loss or gain. Value (dB)—type in this box a constant value for the loss or gain. Value (dB/m)—type in this box a value per meter for the loss or gain, to be multiplied by the cable length of the antenna. Move Up—click this button to move a chosen power loss or gain up one position in the list. Move Down—click this button to move a chosen power loss or gain down one position in the list. Add—click this button to add a power loss or a gain to the list. Remove—click this button to delete a power loss or gain from the list.



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Creating and editing sites Once you have defined site and sector parameters, you can create a site template based on these settings and use this template to add similar sites to the network. See “Using site templates”. Once a site has been placed, you can change any of the settings that have been defined. If you have acquired GPS readings for all your sites and you want to update the position of a sector, you can edit the site location manually. For more information on general site, base station, and sector properties, see “Working with Sites and Sectors”, in the Mentum Planet User Guide. NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help.

CAUTION: By default, site updates are saved in the site set. To update the site table (.tab) file, you must right-click the Sites node and choose Update Site File. Site updates are not automatically added to the site table.

To create a new site 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, do one of the following: n

n

2

To use a specific site template, expand the Site Templates node, expand the Local or Shared node, and right-click the template upon which you want to base the site, then choose New Site. To use the active site template, right-click the Sites node and choose New Site. The active site template is identified with a green arrow.

Click in the Map window at the location where you want to place the site.



To edit site parameters 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, expand the Sites node, right-click the site you want to edit, and choose Edit.

2

Modify site parameters as required.

3

To change the antenna systems available for this site, do one of the following: n

n

In the tree view, right-click the Antennas node, and choose Add. Click the Add Antenna System button at the top of the dialog box.

A default antenna system is added.

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4

Choose the newly-added antenna system and modify antenna parameters as required.

TIP: To define parameters for all sectors at the site, click the Tabular Edit button. TIP: You can also edit sites by clicking the Edit Site button on the Site toolbar, and then clicking in the Map window to select the sector.

To create a new site based on an existing site 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, right-click the site that you want to copy and choose Place Copy.

2

In the Map window, click once on a location to place the site. The created site is displayed in the Map window and a site having the name Copy of is added to the Sites category in the Project Explorer.

3

In the Project Explorer, right-click the newly copied site and choose Edit.

4

In the Site Editor, adjust site parameters as required.



Site Editor A site is the location where a sector is placed. Sites and sectors have common attributes such as a geographic location and elevation. There can be more than one sector at a particular site, each pointing in a different direction. The Site Editor is a key editor where you can view and modify site, sector, repeater, and antenna data. NOTE: This section details key parameters. For descriptions of all available parameters, see the online Help.

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Link You assign link configurations in the Site Editor; however, link configurations are created using the Link Configuration Editor.



Antennas Antenna—choose from this list the antenna system for the selected sector. The antenna systems listed are those displayed in the Site Editor tree view. Power Split—type in this box how the sector transmit power is to be divided between multiple antennas. This field is only available if there is more than one antenna. Link Configuration—choose from this list the link configuration you want to associate with the sector. Click the View button to view the details of the link configuration. Cable Length—type in this box the length of the feeder cable. This value is used to calculate the main feeder loss in the associated link configuration. Add—click this button to add secondary antenna systems to the sector if you are using split sectors. Split sectors use several directional antennas to transmit the same signal. Antenna Algorithm—choose from this list the antenna algorithm to use with the selected smart or MIMO antenna. Antenna algorithms are defined in the Antenna Algorithm Editor. Only antenna algorithms that are compatible with the selected antenna system (smart antenna and MIMO capabilities) are available. Antenna algorithms are not available for cdma2000 sectors.

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Predictions Model—choose from this list the propagation model for the selected site. Edit—click this button to modify the current propagation model. Distance—type in this box the maximum distance from the sector to calculate signal strength. Number of Radials—type in this box the number of radials originating from a site along which to calculate predictions. More radials produce a more accurate but slower calculation. NOTE: If you are using the Planet General Model, the number of radials you define is rounded up to the closest number divisible by four. For example, if you set the number of radials to 357 then when generating predictions Mentum Planet uses 360 radials.



Mode Use this section to specify the type of prediction to associate with the sector. Propagation models cannot always account for the complexities of signal propagation in urban environments. Hence, to predict more accurately how a signal will behave, you can merge survey and prediction data. This is valuable because survey data represents the actual coverage provided by the network, improving the accuracy of your predictions. Prediction calculations are performed along radials at distance intervals equal to the resolution of the heights file. At each bin, merged predictions will perform a linear interpolation between the signal strength measurement and the prediction. Only bins located within the interpolation distance of a measurement point will be affected by the measurement data. Merged—enable this check box to merge model predictions with survey data. Clear the check box to generate predictions using only the assigned propagation model. Interpolation Distance—type in this box the distance used to set the survey weighting value used to calculate merged prediction values. The survey weighting value is a value between 0 and 1 determined using linear interpolation and the distance between a prediction point and the nearest survey point. The weight of the prediction is 1 minus the survey weighting value.

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Information The Information section displays the power settings for the sector. The calculations displayed are updated based on the link configuration you chose.



Site Editor A site is the location where a sector is placed. Sites and sectors have common attributes such as a geographic location and elevation. There can be more than one sector at a particular site, each pointing in a different direction. The Site Editor is a key editor where you can view and modify site, sector, repeater, and antenna data. NOTE: This section details key parameters. For descriptions of all available parameters, see the online Help.

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Filter Use this section to open an existing filter loss (.flt) file or create a new one. A .flt file instructs Mentum Planet how adjacent channels contribute to the interference level. You can define a filter loss that increases as frequencies move further from the center frequency, which results in frequencies further from the desired frequency being filtered out more effectively than frequencies close to the desired frequency. NOTE: If no filter is specified, a perfect filter is used, which results in no adjacent-channel interference. Transmit Mask—displays the filter loss file. The filter loss is applied to the sector’s transmit power when calculating adjacent carrier interference power from the sector to mobile subscriber on the downlink. Browse—click this button to open a filter loss (.flt) file. New/Edit—click this button to define or edit the values in a filter loss (.flt) file. Remove—click this button to remove this filter from the sector. Removing the filter does not delete the .flt file. When no transmit mask is specified, the interference caused by the excessive energy transmitted outside the channel bandwidth is not accounted for. Receive Filter—displays the filter loss file. The filter loss is applied when calculating adjacent carrier interference power received by the sector on the uplink. Browse—click this button to open a filter loss (.flt) file. New/Edit—click this button to define or edit the values in a filter loss (.flt) file. Remove—click this button to remove this filter from the sector. Removing the filter does not delete the .flt file. When no receive mask is specified, athe interference caused by the excessive

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energy transmitted outside the channel bandwidth is not accounted for.



Quality Limit Best Server Coverage—type in this box the distance from the sector that defines the outer limit of the best server coverage. Beyond this distance, the server cannot be considered as the Best Server. Maximum Number of Subscribers—type in this box the maximum number of subscribers carried by the sector. Maximum Uplink Noise Rise—type in this box the maximum allowable noise rise on the uplink for the sector. Uplink Phase Jitter Effect—type in this box a value in dB for the mismatch in frequencies at the BTS receiver due to hardware error. This value is added to the generated interference in an interference analysis. This value is typically 0.5 to 1 dB.

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Site Editor NOTE: This section details key parameters. For descriptions of all available parameters, see the online Help.



Sector

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Configuration Use this section to define the frame configuration. To do this, you must have defined the required frame configurations on the Frame Setup tab in the Network Settings dialog box. Frame Configuration—choose from this list the frame configuration you want to assign to the sector. You create frame configurations in the Network Settings dialog box using the Frame Editor.



Segment Use this section to specify the segmented zone usage. This section is only available if the selected frame configuration supports segmentation. Primary Group—choose which primary subchannel group to assign to the sector. Secondary Group—enable the check box next to those secondary subchannel groups you want to assign to the sector. This option is only available when the FFT size used by the band is 2048 or 1024.

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Preamble Per Sector—choose this option to assign preambles on a per-sector basis. When you choose this option, the same preamble, ID cell, and segment ID are assigned to all channels of each sector. This option is only available when the sector band has more than one channel. Preamble —choose from this list the preamble value you want to assign to the sector. Cell ID —displays the cell ID value you want to assign to the sector. Segment ID —displays the segment ID value you want to assign to the sector. Per Channel—choose this option to allow preambles to be assigned on a perchannel basis when the assignment reduces the total violation cost. This option will reduce the violation costs when you have sectors that use multiple channels. When you choose this option, Preamble, Cell ID, and Segment ID columns are added to the Channels table.



Channels Status—click this check box to set the status of the channel. n

n

n

A green check mark indicates that the channel is assigned to the sector A red X indicates the channel is not supported by the sector A cleared check box indicates the channel is defined in the network settings but is not assigned to the sector

Downlink Loading—type in this box the percentage of cell loading that you want to target for the downlink. This box is available only if the channel is assigned to the sector. Uplink Loading—type in this box the percentage of cell loading that you want to target for the uplink. This box is available only if the channel is assigned to the sector. Uplink Noise Rise—type in this box the total uplink noise rise for the channel. Uplink TDD De-Synchronization Interference—type in this box the level of interference experienced at the sector due to TDD desynchronization. When you generate a network analysis, this value is taken into account. This box is only available for channels assigned to the sector. Segment Zone Usage—displays the percentage of traffic that can be supported by segmented permutation zones. AAS Usage—displays the percentage of cell loading supported by Advanced Antenna Systems (AAS) or multiple antennas. Number of Required Channels—type in this box the required number of channels. This value is used when generating automatic frequency plans.

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Site Editor A site is the location where a sector is placed. Sites and sectors have common attributes such as a geographic location and elevation. There can be more than one sector at a particular site, each pointing in a different direction. The Site Editor is a key editor where you can view and modify site, sector, repeater, and antenna data. Use the Site Editor to view and manipulate site, sector, and antenna information. It provides n

n

n

tree representation of hierarchical relationships such as sites, sectors, and repeaters as well as displaying the list of project antennas easy access to all information about a site, sector, repeater, or antenna right-click access to relevant commands

NOTE: When you select an antenna beneath the Antennas node, sectors using that antenna are highlighted in blue.



Sector - Powers PA Power—click in the box to define the PA power, in dBm. The PA power value you enter should reflect the combined power of the antennas. For example, if you have two Tx antennas with 43 dBm each, enter 46 dBm in the PA power box. Total Power (EIRP)—displays the total EIRP. EIRP is calculated according in the base station link configuration that includes the PA power, the antenna gain and other losses such as cable and connector losses. Reference Signal Power Boosting—click in this box to define the power offset (in dB) that is applied to the resource elements used to transmit the reference signal.

Power Recycling—choose from this list how your equipment distributes power on resource elements. When several transmit antennas are used (e.g., MIMO), for a specific resource element, the reference signal is transmitted on a single antenna port. The unused power on the other antenna ports can hence be recycled. Possible choices are: n

n

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None—the power is lost. In this case, the total power per symbol carrying the reference signal will be lower than the PA power. All Resource Elements—the power is redistributed across all resource elements. Reference Signal Resource Elements—the power is redistributed across reference signal resource elements only, providing an additional boost to the reference signal.

Power recycling is important in cases where there are several transmit antennas (such as MIMO). When there is only one transmit antenna all options result in the same outcome.

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Reference Signal Power—displays the reference signal power as the portion of the PA power used for transmitting the reference signal. Reference Signal Frequency Hopping—enable this checkbox if frequencyhopping patterns are applied. Using Reference Signal Frequency Hopping minimizes the risk of reference symbols from neighbor cells colliding. Synchronization Signal Power Boosting—type in this box the power offset (in dB) that is applied to the resource elements used to transmit the synchronization signal. Synchronization Signal Power—displays the synchronization signal power as the portion of the PA power used for transmitting of the synchronization signal. Average Power Per Resource Element—displays the average power for any resource element. Average Power Per Reference Signal Resource Element—displays the average power used to transmit the reference signal resource element. When using a reference signal power boost, this value is greater than the average power per resource element. Average Power Per Synchronization Signal Resource Element— displays the average power used to transmit synchronization signal resource element. Average Power Per Physical Channel Resource Element—displays the average power used to transmit on physical channels (i.e., Physical Downlink Shared Channel, Physical Downlink Control Channel, etc.).



Uplink Interference Average PRACH Interference Power—click in this box to define the average power received by the sector on the random access channel.

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Other System Interference Downlink—type in this box the value attributed to other system interference on the downlink. Uplink—type in this box the value attributed to other system interference on the uplink.


Adding Repeaters

Chapter 8 Adding Repeaters In order to increase network coverage, you can add repeaters to your network. Repeaters are electronic devices that receive a signal, amplify it, and then retransmit it at a higher power. This chapter describes how to add repeaters to your project. This chapter covers the following topics: Understanding repeaters

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Adding repeaters to sectors

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Site Editor

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Configuration

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Carriers

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Equipment

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Site Editor

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Donor

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Type

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Site Editor

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Link

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Service

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Prediction

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Isolation

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Site Editor

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Implementation

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Filters

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Quality

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Locating repeaters in a Map window


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Understanding repeaters Repeaters are used to retransmit signals received from donor sectors to locations that have insufficient coverage. For example, repeaters can be used to extend coverage or fill in shadow areas caused by hills, large buildings, and other structures that obstruct signals. A repeater receives a signal from the donor antenna of a donor sector, and then amplifies and retransmits the signal through its service antenna. Repeaters are primarily used to reduce path loss without providing an increase in network capacity. Generally, repeaters add noise and amplify noise in the uplink, which can limit their effectiveness; however, a well placed repeater can reduce noise levels within a network and enhance the overall capacity. Implementing repeaters can be an efficient and cost-effective method of increasing the received signal strength for mobiles in an area without having to place additional sites. A repeater’s power is defined by its Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP). EIRP measures the maximum radiated power in the direction of the maximum gain relative to an isotropic antenna (typically in the direction the antenna is pointing). The EIRP of repeaters is based on the power of the first active carrier, and is calculated as shown in Equation 7.1.

Equation 7.1 Repeater EIRP

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Types of repeater implementations There are several different ways to implement repeaters in a network. For example, in areas where n

n

there are a lot of buildings, you could implement split sectors where several directional antennas are used to transmit the same signal. See “Using split sectors”. you want to extend indoor coverage, you could implement a Distributed Antenna System (DAS). See “Using distributed antenna systems”.

Using split sectors When split sectors are used in the network, sectors use several directional antennas to transmit the same signal. In Mentum Planet , you define split


Adding Repeaters

sectors in the Site Editor by adding additional antennas on the Link tab for the sector you want to use.

Using distributed antenna systems When distributed antenna systems are used in the network, the transmitted power is divided between several elements in the network and consists of split sectors and repeaters depending on the maximum distance between antennas.

Repeaters and predictions When you generate predictions for a sector that has one or more repeaters assigned to it, signal strength grid (.grd) files are generated for the sector and for each repeater. The analyses use the separate predictions for the donor sectors and repeaters. A combined signal strength file is also generated, which merges the separate sector and repeater signal strength files. Combined signal strength predictions are used when the full coverage area of a sector is required, such as when you generate a traffic map or interference matrix, or analyze the interference between two sectors. After you have generated predictions for a sector, you can choose to view a prediction for the donor sector or individual repeaters. You can also view a combined prediction that displays the combined signal strengths of the donor sector and all of its repeaters. For information on generating and viewing predictions, see “Chapter 8: Generating Predictions” in the Mentum Planet User Guide.

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Step 1

Configure and place sites.

Step 2

Add repeaters to sectors with insufficient coverage.


Adding Repeaters

Adding repeaters to sectors When you add a repeater to a sector, you define general settings, such as the donor sector for which the repeater will retransmit a signal, and the location of the repeater. You must also define settings for service and donor antennas, predictions, repeater links, implementation criteria (such as filters and quality limits), as well as configuration settings. The gain of a repeater in Mentum Planet is maintained at a constant level. Any changes to the donor sector and repeater system that affect the power received by the repeater will result in a similar change in the EIRP of the repeater. For example, a change in the masked pathloss between the donor sector and the repeater, the donor sector’s pilot power, or the antenna system at the donor sector which results in a change to the EIRP of the sector, will result in a similar change in the EIRP of the repeater. The EIRP value at the repeater will also change in line with a change in either of the repeater’s antenna systems. As such, it is important to review repeater settings following any changes of this nature. NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help.

To add repeaters to sectors 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, right-click the sector to which you want to add a repeater, and choose Add Repeater.

2

Click in the Map window in the location where you want to add the repeater. A repeater is added to the Map window and, in the Project Explorer, a repeater node is added beneath the associated sector. In addition, a new site is added to the Sites node. This new site contains only the repeater location and repeater parameters. For

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example, if you add a repeater to Site 2, sector 2, an additional site is added.

3

To view the repeater settings, in the Project Explorer, doubleclick the repeater node.

4

Define repeater parameters as required.


Adding Repeaters

TIP: You can change the status of a repeater by right-clicking a repeater node in the Project Explorer and choosing Active. A check mark indicates that the repeater is online. TIP: For maximum accuracy, enter a measured value of pathloss in the Masked Path Loss From Donor box. The measured pathloss can be determined by measuring the signal strength with a known EIRP from the donor sector. If you choose to calculate the masked path loss, ensure you specify an appropriate model. The most appropriate propagation model will depend on the specifics of the environment between donor sector and the repeater donor antenna. If you suspect obstruction at the repeater location, choose a deterministic model with the correct receiver height. You may need to create a model specifically for repeater installations. Mentum Planet will not update the stored masked pathloss automatically, even if the current value is generated using the Calculate Masked Pathloss dialog box. If there are changes to the network that would impact the pathloss between the donor sector and the repeater, you must apply a new value to the repeater, either by manually entering a new value in the Repeater Settings dialog box or re-calculating the value using the Calculate Masked Pathloss dialog box.

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Adding Repeaters

Configuration

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Carriers Status—enable the check box next to those carriers you want the repeater to support. Carrier Name—displays the carrier name. The carrier name is defined in the network settings.


Adding Repeaters

Equipment Total EIRP—displays the total EIRP. Repeater Gain—type in this box the system gain experienced by the repeater. The value in the Power EIRP box is updated based on the value you enter. System Losses—type in this box the system losses experienced by the repeater. The value in the Power EIRP box is updated based on the value you enter. Downlink Maximum Power Per Carrier—type in this box the maximum power output per carrier.

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n

n




Adding Repeaters

Donor Use the Donor tab to define the parameters of the relationship between the repeater and its donor sector, including the donor antenna (i.e., the repeater antenna that receives the signal from the donor sector on the downlink and transmits the amplified signal to the donor sector on the uplink) for RF repeaters.

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Type RF—enable this option to indicate that the donor antenna receives the signal from a conventional RF signal. Fiber—enable this option to indicate that the donor antenna receives the signal from a fiber-optic cable. When the Fiber option is enabled, the Donor Antenna parameters are not available.

Donor Antenna—displays the name of the donor antenna. Edit—click this button to change the antenna parameters and location. Link Configuration—choose from this list the link budget you want to associate with the repeater. View —click this button to open the link configuration dialog box. Values are read-only. Cable Length—type in this box the length of the feeder cable. This value is included in the main feeder loss calculated in the associated link budget. Model—choose from this list the propagation model with which to calculate the masked path loss. Edit—click this button to open the Propagation Model Editor where you can change the settings defined for the model. Masked Pathloss—click in the box to define a masked pathloss value for the donor. Calculate—click this button to automatically calculate the masked pathloss for the donor using the selected propagation model. NOTE: For maximum accuracy, enter a measured value of pathloss in the Masked Pathloss box. The measured pathloss can be determined by measuring the signal strength with a known EIRP from the donor sector. To calculate the masked pathloss, ensure you specify an appropriate model. The


Adding Repeaters

most appropriate propagation model will depend on the specifics of the environment between the donor sector and the repeater donor antenna. If you suspect obstruction at the repeater location, choose a deterministic model with the correct receiver height. You may need to create a model specifically for repeater installations.

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Adding Repeaters

Link

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Service Antenna—choose from this list the antenna pattern that the service antenna will use to retransmit the signal received from the donor sector. Power Split—type in this box how the power is to be divided between the service antennas. This field is only available if there is more than one service antenna. Edit—click this button to open the Antenna - General tab where you can change the antenna parameters. Remove—click this button to remove the antenna. Link Configuration—choose from this list the link budget you want to associate with the service antenna. Cable Length—type in this box the length of the feeder cable. This value is included in the main feeder loss calculated in the associated link budget. View—click this button to open the link configuration dialog box. Values are read-only. Add—click this button to add additional service antennas to the link. When you click add, a new Antenna section is added on the tab.


Adding Repeaters

Prediction Model—choose from this list the prediction model for the repeater. Edit—click this button to open the Propagation Model Editor where you can modify propagation model settings. Distance—type in this field the maximum distance from the repeater to calculate signal strength. Number of Radials—type in this field the number of radials originating from a site along which to calculate predictions. More radials produce a more accurate but slower calculation.

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Isolation Additional Isolation—type in this box a value in dB that will be added to the total isolation calculated. Isolation—displays the calculated isolation based on the masked pathloss (including antenna gains) between the donor and service antenna as well as the additional isolation value you define. The Isolation box is not available if there is no defined donor sector (i.e., this is an orphaned repeater) or if the donor type is fiber. If you are using split sectors, the isolation calculation is based on the first service antenna.


Adding Repeaters


n

n



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Implementation


Adding Repeaters

Filters Use this section to open an existing filter loss (.flt) file or create a new one. A .flt file instructs Mentum Planet how adjacent channels contribute to the interference level. You can define a filter loss that increases as frequencies move further from the center frequency, which results in frequencies further from the desired frequency being filtered out more effectively than frequencies close to the desired frequency. Transmit Mask—displays the filter loss file to be applied to the repeater on the downlink. Browse—click this button to open a filter loss (.flt) file. New/Edit—click this button to define or edit the values in a filter loss (.flt) file. Remove—click this button to remove this filter from the repeater. Removing the filter does not delete the .flt file. When no transmit mask is specified, the interference caused by the excessive energy transmitted outside the channel bandwidth is not accounted for. Receive Filter—displays the filter loss file to be applied to the repeater on the uplink. Browse—click this button to open a filter loss (.flt) file. New/Edit—click this button to define or edit the values in a filter loss (.flt) file. Remove—click this button to remove this filter from the repeater. Removing the filter does not delete the .flt file. When no receive mask is specified, athe interference caused by the excessive energy transmitted outside the channel bandwidth is not accounted for.

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Quality Limit Best Server Coverage—type in this box the distance from the repeater that defines the outer limit of the best server coverage. Beyond this distance, the server cannot be considered as the Best Server.


Adding Repeaters

Locating repeaters in a Map window You can use the Project Explorer to locate repeaters in a Map window.

To locate repeaters in a Map window n

In the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, rightclick the repeater and choose Locate.

The repeater is selected in the Map window.

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Defining Subscribers

Chapter 9 Defining Subscribers Subscribers are categorized into types, which are used when you generate an analysis of your network. Creating subscriber types that account for the possible variations of subscribers enables you to generate reliable and comprehensive analyses of your network. This chapter covers the following topics: Understanding subscribers

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Workflow for creating subscriber types

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Defining subscriber equipment types

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Subscriber Settings

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Equipment Types

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Hardware

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Subscriber Settings

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Equipment Types

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Bearers

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Modulations

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Defining subscriber services

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Subscriber Settings

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Services

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Load

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Input Load

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Activity Factors

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Subscriber Settings

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Services

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Quality of Service

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QoS Class

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Defining subscriber types

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Subscriber Settings

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Subscriber Types

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Configuration

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Usages

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Defining environment settings

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Creating a fixed subscriber database

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Understanding subscribers Understanding where your subscribers are and how they use the network resources available to them plays a pivotal role in the network you design. To make it easier for you to model subscribers and their use of network resources, the characteristics of subscribers are defined using the nodes in the Subscriber Settings dialog box. You can create a diverse mix of subscribers by defining different services and equipment types and assigning them to subscriber types. Subscriber types are used in Monte Carlo simulations, while nominal analyses require only the definition of equipment types. The nodes within the Subscriber Settings dialog box represent building blocks for subscriber types: n

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Equipment Types—include the types of mobile equipment and antennas that are available in your network as well as the bearers available on each type of equipment. Services—relate to the applications that a subscriber uses and the level of service required. This includes the activity factors used to calculate the effective amount of time that a subscriber uses a service. This also includes the quality of service requirements. Subscriber Types—consolidate the information from the other nodes in the Subscriber Settings dialog box into various combinations to represent the mix of subscribers in your network.

When you define subscribers, you begin at the top of the tree view by defining equipment types. You then define services and finally, you define subscriber types. For each subscriber type, you must choose an equipment type and traffic map. You can define multiple usage types, each of which comprises weightings to spread subscribers within the four different environments. You also define a service type.

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For a detailed example of how to define a subscriber type, see “Defining subscriber types”. This example shows you how to define usages, explains the effect of weighting, and describes how the settings that you specify for the subscriber type translate into a real-world scenario.



Workflow for creating subscriber types Step 1

Generate traffic maps for the services and area that you want to analyze. For information on creating traffic maps, see Chapter 10, “Working with Traffic Maps”, in the Mentum Planet User Guide .

Step 2

Define equipment types including hardware and bearers.

Step 3

Define services including the load and quality of service parameters.

Step 4

Create subscriber types and define the subscriber configuration including priority, equipment type, and usages.

Step 5

Define environment settings.

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Defining subscriber equipment types A mobile equipment type is a detailed definition of the equipment used by a particular type of subscriber in the network. Each type of equipment has its own particularities in terms of the technology it supports, the hardware specification it has, and the bearers it can use. Subscriber equipment types you define are added to the Equipment Types node in the Subscriber Editor tree view.

WiMAXLTE bearers Bearers represent the traffic channels in terms of their service data rate. You first define the modulations used by the bearers in the Network Settings dialog box. Standard WiMAXLTE bearers are configured with a direction (uplink or downlink). Bearers are displayed on the Bearers tab associated with each equipment type. NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help.

To define subscriber equipment types 1

Choose Edit

Subscriber Settings.

The Subscriber Settings dialog box opens.



2

In the tree view, right-click Equipment Types, and choose Add. A new subnode is added to the Equipment Types node.

3

In the tree view, choose the equipment type you just added.

4

Define equipment type parameters as required.

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Subscriber Settings The characteristics of subscribers are defined using the nodes in the Subscriber Settings dialog box. You can create a diverse mix of subscribers by defining different services, quality types, and user equipment types and assigning them to subscriber types. Subscriber types are used with Monte Carlo simulations. Nominal analyses only require the definition of equipment types. The nodes within the Subscriber Settings dialog box represent building blocks for subscriber types: n

n

n

Equipment Types—include the types of mobile equipment and antennas that are available in your network as well as the bearers available on each type of equipment. Services—relate to the applications that a subscriber uses and the level service required. This includes the activity factors used to calculate the effective amount of time that a subscriber uses a service as well as the quality of service requirements. Subscriber Types—consolidate the information from the other nodes in the Subscriber Editor into various combinations to represent the mix of subscribers in your network.

For each subscriber type, you must choose a subscriber equipment type and traffic map. You can define multiple usage types, each of which comprises weightings to spread subscribers within the four different environments, and a service type. For more information about working with the subscriber settings, see the appropriate User Guide for the technology you are using. NOTE: This section details key parameters. For descriptions of all available parameters, see the online Help.



Equipment Types Use the Equipment Types node to add or delete subscriber equipment types.

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Hardware Maximum PA Power—type in this box the power ceiling for transmission in dBm. Maximum Power EIRP—displays the maximum power EIRP supported by the equipment. Noise Figure—type in this box the noise figure for the equipment. Frequency Bands—enable the check box next to the frequency bands that are supported by the equipment type. Only the frequency bands used by the equipment type technology (specified on the Description tab) are available.



Subscriber Settings NOTE: This section details key parameters. For descriptions of all available parameters, see the online Help.

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Equipment Types Use the Equipment Types node to add or delete subscriber equipment types.



Bearers

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Modulations Use this section to define downlink and uplink modulations for the bearer. Only the modulations defined for the equipment type technology are available. Downlink—from this list choose the downlink modulations supported by the equipment type. Uplink—from this list choose the uplink modulations supported by the equipment type.



Defining subscriber services Service types are the applications that your subscribers are using. NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help.

To define subscriber services 1

Choose Edit


The Subscriber Settings dialog box opens. 2

In the tree view, right-click Services, and choose Add. A new subnode is added to the Services node.

3

In the tree view, choose the service you just added.

4

Define service parameters as required.

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n

n


For each subscriber type, you must choose a subscriber equipment type and traffic map. You can define multiple usage types, each of which comprises weightings to spread subscribers within the four different environments, and a service type. For more information about working with the subscriber settings, see the appropriate User Guide for the technology you are using.Services



Services Use the Services node to add or delete services.

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Load Priority—choose from this list the priority you want to associate with the service. Priorities are defined in decreasing order, with 1 being the highest priority.



Input Load Erlangs Per Subscriber—type in this box the number of Erlangs per subscriber. This value is used to convert a traffic map in subscribers/km² to the number of subscribers to spread in the Monte-Carlo simulation. Throughput Per Subscriber—type in this box the average throughput. This value, along with the number of erlangs per subscriber, is used to convert a traffic map in kbps/km² to the number of subscribers to spread in a Monte-Carlo simulation.

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Activity Factors Use this section to define specify the downlink and uplink activity factors. The activity factor is the percentage of time the mobile is transmitting during a conversation. In a Monte-Carlo simulation, the downlink and uplink throughput are calculated using the number of subscribers carried multiplied by the rate used for each subscriber modified by the activity factor. Downlink Activity Factor—type in this box the percentage of time the mobile transmits on the downlink. Uplink Activity Factor—type in this box the percentage of time the mobile transmits on the uplink.



Subscriber Settings

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Services Use the Services node to add or delete services.



Quality of Service

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QoS Class Use this section to choose the QoS classes for which you want to define QoS parameters. If both WiMAX and LTE are enabled in your network settings, from the list, choose the technology you are using. The table below describes common QoS classes.

1

WiMAX QoS Class UGS

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

UGS UGS rtPS ertPS ertPS nrtPS nrtPS BE

LTE QoS Class

3GPP QoS Class Conversational

Conversational Conversational Streaming Streaming Streaming Interactive Interactive Background

Minimum Downlink Data Rate—type in this box the minimum downlink data rate required by the service QoS class. Maximum Downlink Data Rate—type in this box the maximum downlink data rate required by the service QoS class. Minimum Uplink Data Rate—type in this box the minimum uplink data rate required by the service QoS class. Maximum Uplink Data Rate—type in this box the maximum uplink data rate required by the service QoS class. Cell Edge Coverage Probability—type in this box a percentage to define the probability of coverage required for a bin to be regarded as covered. The Cell Edge Coverage Probability value is used to determine whether there is service coverage.



Body Loss—type in this box a value to define the body loss that occurs when the mobile is close to a user’s body. Required Uplink FER/PER—the percentage of required FER/PER on the uplink for cdma2000 Monte Carlo simulations. Required Downlink FER/PER—the percentage of required FER/PER on the downlink for cdma2000 Monte Carlo simulations. Latency Target—choose from this list the maximum number of slots that are allowed for packet transmission in order to fulfill the QoS requirements. EV-DO Rev. A reverse channel supports two transmission modes (i.e., low latency and high capacity). A 16-slot frame is divided into four 4-slot sub-frames. The low latency packet transmission is achieved by transmitting the packet using less than four sub-frames. The high capacity transmission typically uses all four sub-frames. The latency target of a radio bearer is defined by the number of slots over which the bearer will transmit to achieve a particular latency requirement. For EV-DO Rev A reverse bearers, the latency target can be set to 4, 8, 12 and 16 slots. For EV-DO Rev 0 bearers, the latency target is fixed at 16 slots due to the fixed target latency supported by Rev 0. NOTE: This box is not available for circuit-switched services.

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Defining subscriber types Subscriber types are defined by: n

the subscriber equipment used

n

the traffic map on which the subscriber type is based

n

n

the different kinds of services that a subscriber uses and the quality that applies to each service the environments where the usage takes place

The information contained in a subscriber type is used when you generate Monte Carlo simulations or analysis layers. The environment weightings defined for each subscriber type reflects the probability that a particular subscriber type will use a specific service in a specific environment. For example, if a WiMAXLTE Subscriber using a VoIP service is more likely to be using this service indoors rather than while in a vehicle than you could set the Indoor Weight to 2 and the Vehicular Weight to 1. The total number of subscribers is defined by the traffic map and scaling, not by the number of usage types or environments. The total number of subscribers for each subscriber type is spread across the usage types and environments defined for the subscriber type.

Example You might create a subscriber type called Advanced Business that represents subscribers who use mobiles as their primary business tools. The subscribers represented by this type use their mobiles for everything from downloading email to placing cellular calls. After you create the usage types, you can assign a ratio to determine the proportion of the traffic that is in each of the available environments. In addition, you can set the service type and quality type for each usage type. For example, if you set up four usage types for the Advanced Business subscriber type, you could assign the weightings, service types, and quality types shown in Table 1.



Table 1 Example usage type settings Usage type

Deep Indoor

Indoor

Outdoor Vehicular

Service type

1

5

5

5

5

Voice

2

1

2

1

0

Video

3

2

2

4

0

WWW

4

2

2

4

0

Email

In this example, the total weighting value calculated across all usage types is 40. Therefore, the Advanced Business subscriber type uses Usage 1 50% of the time, Usage 2 10% of the time, Usage 3 20% of the time, and Usage 4 20% of the time. NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help.

To define subscriber types 1

Choose Edit


The Subscriber Settings dialog box opens.

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2

In the tree view, right-click Subscriber Types, and choose Add. A new subnode is added to the Subscriber Types node.

3

In the tree view, choose the subscriber type you just added.

4

Click the Description tab, define a name and specify any additional comments required.

5

Click the Configuration tab and define the subscriber type configuration as required.




n

n


For each subscriber type, you must choose a subscriber equipment type and traffic map. You can define multiple usage types, each of which comprises weightings to spread subscribers within the four different environments, and a service type. For more information about working with the subscriber settings, see the appropriate User Guide for the technology you are using.Subscriber Types

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Subscriber Types Use the Subscriber Types node to add or delete subscriber types. Subscriber types are defined by: n

the subscriber equipment used

n

the traffic map on which the subscriber type is based

n

n

the different kinds of services that a subscriber uses and the quality that applies to each service the environments where the usage takes place

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Configuration Priority—choose from this list the service priority number from 0-100 for this subscriber type when network capacity is limited. Priorities are defined in decreasing order, with 1 being the highest priority and 100 being the lowest priority. Traffic Map—choose from this list the traffic map to associate with this subscriber type. The traffic maps displayed in this list are stored in the Traffic Maps node of the Project Data category in the Project Explorer. Only traffic maps expressed in kbps/km² or Subscribers/km² are available. Scaling Factor—type in this box the factor to scale traffic from the traffic map associated with this subscriber type. The traffic map associated with this subscriber type is chosen from the Traffic Map list. For example, a value of 1.25 would multiply traffic from the associate traffic map by 1.25 times. Ratios greater than 1.0 define that there is a greater number of subscribers of this type than indicated in the associated traffic map. Equipment Type—choose from this list the equipment type used by this subscriber type. Equipment types are stored in the Equipment Types node of the Subscriber Editor. Edit—click this button to edit the equipment type.



Usages Use this table to create and delete usages that define how a subscriber type uses an application. Usages are associated with a Service. Services are created in the New Service dialog box. Name—type in this field a name for the usage. Names must be eight characters or less. Indoor Weight—type in this field the weighting for indoor usage as a ratio between this and other usages defined for a subscriber type. Values must be positive integers. Example For example, if you were to define the following four usages: Usage Streaming video 9.6 Conversational Voice WWW browsing E-mail

Weighting Ratio 2 10

4 4

Result 10% of this subscriber type uses streaming video 50% of this subscriber type uses 9.6 Conversational Voice 20% of this subscriber type uses WWW browsing 20% of this subscriber type uses E-mail

No usage of a certain service/environment combination should be indicated by a zero weighting ratio for the usage object. Deep Indoor Weight—type in this field the weighting for deep indoor usage as a ratio between this and other usages defined for a subscriber type. Values must be positive integers. Outdoor Weight—type in this field the weighting for outdoor usage as a ratio between this and other usages defined for a subscriber type. Values must be positive integers.

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Vehicular Weight—type in this field the weighting for vehicular usage as a ratio between this and other usages defined for a subscriber type. Values must be positive integers. Service—choose from the list in this field a service type for the usage. Mobile Speed—choose from the list the mobile speed to associate with the usage. This parameters in only available for LTE subscribers. Add—click this button to create a new usage. A new row is added to the Usages table for you to define usage settings. Remove—click this button to delete a usage chosen from the Usages table.



Defining environment settings During a Monte Carlo simulation, subscribers are spread across the analysis area based on the traffic map and then sorted according to: n

n

n

the subscriber type priority (defined on the Configuration tab for each subscriber type) the service priority (defined on the Load tab for each service) the QoS class priority (defined on the Quality of Service tab)

Mentum Planet then determines in which clutter class a subscriber is located and assesses the impact of environmental traits on the signal and service using the environment settings you define as well as the usage weightings specified for each subscriber type. For each usage type, you can define a weighting indicating the amount of time that usage type occurs in each environment (for example, you could define a business subscriber who uses voice service in an outdoor environment 10% of the time). For all of the environments, you can define the penetration loss and the required fast fading margin. For each clutter type, you can define the characteristics of the environments within that clutter type. The available environments are: n

Outdoor—open air environments

n

Vehicular—moving vehicles

n

n

Indoor—buildings or structures (normally representing areas where single wall penetration is required) Deep Indoor—in-building areas where two-wall penetration is required, or dense buildings where higher than normal penetration losses are experienced

You can enable one or more of the environments for a clutter type.

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For each clutter class, you indicate which environments you want to account for and then specify the following parameters: n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

Downlink Orthogonality—this value represents the signal’s orthogonality factor in the environment of the clutter. Slow Fading Standard Deviation—this value is used to model the shadowing from obstacles that cannot be handled by a propagation model. Slightly higher values (approximately 8 dB) may be appropriate for high density urban areas, lower values (approximately 6.5 dB) for open areas. Outdoor Fast Fading Margin—this value represents the extra margin required for fast power control to overcome Rayleigh (fast) fading in the Outdoor environment of this clutter type. Rayleigh fading is a variation of spatial path loss that occurs on the scale of a few wavelengths; the wavelength of a 2 000 MHz carrier is about 15 cm (6 inches). Outdoor Penetration Loss—this value represents the penetration loss to apply on received and transmitted signals in the Outdoor environment for a specific clutter type. Vehicular Fast Fading Margin—this value represents the transmit power headroom required for fast power control to occur and overcome Rayleigh (fast) fading in the Vehicular environment of this clutter type. Rayleigh fading is a variation of spatial path loss that occurs on the scale of a few wavelengths; the wavelength of a 2 000 MHz carrier is about 15 cm (6 inches). Vehicular Penetration Loss—this value represents the penetration loss to apply on received and transmitted signals in the Vehicular environment for a specific clutter type. Vehicular Speed—this value represents the typical moving speed of a mobile subscriber in a vehicular environment for a specific clutter type. Indoor Fast Fading Margin—this value represents the extra margin required for fast power control to occur and overcome Rayleigh (fast) fading in the Indoor environment of this clutter



type. Rayleigh fading is a variation of spatial path loss that occurs on the scale of a few wavelengths; the wavelength of a 2 000 MHz carrier is about 15 cm (6 inches). n

n

n

Indoor Penetration Loss—this value represents the penetration loss to apply on received and transmitted signals in the Indoor environment for a specific clutter type Deep Indoor Fast Fading Margin—this value represents the extra margin required for fast power control to take place and overcome Rayleigh (fast) fading in the Deep Indoor environment of this clutter type. Rayleigh fading is a variation of spatial path loss that occurs on the scale of a few wavelengths; the wavelength of a 2 000 MHz carrier is about 15 cm (6 inches). Deep Indoor Penetration Loss—this value represents the penetration loss to apply on received and transmitted signals in the Deep Indoor environment for a specific clutter type

When you generate the analysis, you specify the subscriber environment you want to model (i.e., Outdoor, Indoor, Deep Indoor, Vehicular). When you generate a Monte Carlo simulation, if an environment does not apply to a particular type of clutter (for example, if the deep indoor environment does not apply to the Urban - Commercial clutter type, the simulation will not place any subscribers in that type of clutter in that environment.

To define environment settings 1

Choose Edit

Environments.

The Environment Editor opens.

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2

For each clutter class, do any of the following: n

Double-click in a table cell and type a new value.

n

Click the down arrow in a table cell and choose a new value.

n

Enable or clear the check box for the chosen setting.

n

n

3

Click the down arrow next to a table heading to display all the data or a particular subset. Right-click in a table cell to copy and paste data.

To change the display, do any of the following: n

n

n

n

Click the Sort Ascending button to reorder the rows based on the data in the selected column. Click the Sort Descending button to reorder the rows based on the data in the selected column. Place the pointer between column headings to increase or decrease the size of the column. Enable the Freeze Panes check box to lock rows and columns in one area so that they remain visible when you scroll. This is useful, for example, if you want to freeze a particular column and then scroll through subsequent columns comparing the values.



4

To copy data to the clipboard, click the Copy To Clipboard button.

5

To paste from the clipboard, click the Paste From Clipboard button.

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Creating a fixed subscriber database Before generating a fixed subscriber analysis, you must place subscribers on the map and create a fixed subscriber database (i.e., fixed subscriber table). For example, you can create a fixed subscriber table to address the specific requirements of the IEEE802.16d standard. When you define the subscriber settings, you will need to associate a directive antenna with the equipment type.

To create a fixed subscriber table 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Fixed Subscribers category, right-click the technology node for which you want to create a fixed subscriber table, and choose New. A table is added to the Fixed Subscriber Tables node.

2

To change the default table name, right-click “Table 1”, choose Rename and type a meaning subscriber table name.

3

To add subscribers to the table, right-click the fixed subscribers table and choose Add Subscriber.

4

Click in the Map window at the location of the subscriber.

5

Repeat Step 4 until you have placed all the subscribers.


Generating Network Analyses

Chapter 10 Generating Network Analyses WiMAXLTE analyses contain the information you require to determine the coverage of your network. This chapter describes how to generate WiMAXLTE analyses and view results. It also explains how to create statistics that you can use to validate your network design. For information on how to generate detailed subscriber information or cell loads, see “Generating Monte Carlo Simulations”. This chapter covers the following topics: Understanding network analyses

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Defining default analysis layers

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Common LTE Analysis Layers

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Carrier-Specific LTE Analysis Layers

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Defining default analysis settings

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Understanding network analyses In Mentum Planet 5.x, you can generate an analysis with nothing more than the equipment type defined in the subscriber settings. This decreases the time required to prepare for network analysis and results in less time being required to generate the analysis layers; however, this type of analysis does not generate detailed subscriber information. The analysis runs only once and generates analysis layers automatically. NOTE: For information on generating WiMAX Pre-Qual analyses, see the appendix "Generating Pre-Qual Analyses”.

Prediction view files Prediction view files contain predicted signal strength values for all potential servers at each bin and are created when you generate an analysis. Using prediction view files results in faster analyses because Mentum Planet only reads one file to access information about signal strength for all potential servers. Prediction view files work at a single resolution. If you are analyzing a large area with mostly low resolution data and small amounts of higher resolution data, the disk space requirements can be significantly higher than the combined disk space requirements of the prediction data if the analysis is carried out at the higher resolution. This is because the prediction view files will be created at the higher resolution over the entire area. Also, separate prediction views are created for each of the required analysis resolutions, which can further add to disk space requirements. For example, an area that is 100 km x 100 km with a 10-meter resolution and an average of 10 overlapping predictions requires approximately 2 GB of disk space for prediction view files, whereas an area that is 200 km x 200 km with a 5-meter resolution and an average of 10 overlapping predictions requires approximately 32 GB of disk space for prediction view files.




Step 1

If you want to use the same settings for a number of analyses, define default analysis settings.

Step 2

If you want to generate the same layers for a number of analyses, define default layers settings.

Step 3

Create and generate a new analysis.

Step 4

View analysis layers.

Step 5

Generate layer statistics for analysis layers.

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Defining default analysis layers By default, all of the available analysis layers are generated. To avoid lengthy generation times when working with a large project, you can exclude layers from the analysis generation that you do not need. The analysis layer filter enables you to define a default list of analysis layers that is available for all of the WiMAXLTE analyses that you create for the current project.

To define default analysis layers 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Network Analyses category, right-click WiMAXLTE Analyses and choose Default Layers.

2

In the WiMAXLTE Analysis Layers dialog box, enable the check box next to those layers you want to generate by default, and click OK.



Common LTE Analysis Layers LTE Analysis layers are grouped into common layers and carrier-specific layers. The Common layers represent the performance of sectors on the best carrier or the composite plots of multiple channels (e.g., downlink best carrier layer). Table 1 details the common layers. Table 1: Common Layers Layer Best Server

Composite Best Server

Best Server Signal Strength

Best Server Reference Signal Strength RSRP

Handover Status

Number of Potential Handover Sectors

Handover Sector Priority

Best Synchronization Signal Strength Best Server

Description This layer displays the best server on the downlink for the best carrier. This layer is based on the downlink reference signal power values. This layer is the same as the best server layer, except that for sectors with repeaters, the repeater and its donor are treated as one combined sector. This layer displays the best server signal strength for the best carrier on the downlink at each bin. This layer is based on the downlink PA power values. This layer displays the best server reference signal strength for the best carrier at each bin. This layer displays the best server Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) for the best carrier at each bin. The layer includes both the slow fading standard deviation and the cell edge coverage probability (as defined in the LTE Analysis Settings dialog box). This layer displays whether the handover is possible ("Yes") or not. The status is determined using the A3 handover threshold defined on the Configuration tab in the Site Editor. This layer displays the number of sectors that have a signal strength within the number of dB defined for the A3 handover threshold. This layer displays the sector that has the strongest signal strength (ignoring the best server) and that has a signal strength within the number of dB defined for the A3 Handover Threshold parameter. This layer displays the best server received synchronization signal power for the best carrier at each bin. This layer displays the Nth best server on the downlink

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Best Server Reference Signal Strength Best Server Carrier

Downlink Best Carrier Uplink Best Carrier Synchronization Signal C/(N+I) Reference C(N+I) RSRQ Reference Coverage Probability

Reference Coverage

MIMO Type

Description for the best carrier. This layer is based on the downlink reference power values. This layer displays the Nth best server reference signal strength for the best carrier at each bin. This layer displays the best carrier on which the reference signal strength or reference C/(N+I) is the greatest. This layer displays the name of the carrier where the downlink C/(N+I) is the greatest. This layer displays the name of the carrier where the uplink C/(N+I) is the greatest. This layer displays the synchronization signal C/(N+I) for the best carrier at each bin. This layer displays the reference signal C/(N+I) for the best carrier at each bin. This layer displays the Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) value for the best carrier at each bin. This layer displays the probability of coverage for the signal for the best carrier at each bin. It depends on the Reference Signal C/(N+I), as well as on the slow fading standard deviation value. This layer displays whether there is reference signal coverage for the best carrier. It depends on the Reference Signal Coverage probability and the cell edge coverage probability target. The layer displays the type of MIMO technique used at each bin, for the best carrier. Three classes are defined:

Diversity Gain

Spatial Multiplexing Gain


n

None

n

Diversity

n

MIMO (Spatial Multiplexing)

This layer displays the downlink diversity gain at each bin, for the best carrier. It depends on the antenna systems of best server and CPE, and on the antenna algorithm selected by the best server. This layer displays the downlink spatial multiplexing gain at each bin, for the best carrier. It depends on the antenna systems of best server and CPE, on the

Generating Network Analyses Layer

Interference Coordination

Downlink C/I Downlink C/(N+I)

Downlink Overall Maximum Achievable Data Rate Downlink Overall Average Data Rate Downlink Coverage

Downlink Maximum Achievable Spectral Efficiency

Downlink Best Available Modulation

Downlink Margin

CQI

Description antenna algorithm selected by the best server and on the downlink C/(N+I) level at the bin. This layer displays the interference coordination status at each bin, for the best carrier: n

Inner cell

n

Outer cell

This layer displays the C/I ratio of the downlink traffic data for the best carrier. This layer displays the C/(N+I) ratio of the downlink traffic data for the best carrier. This layer displays the total downlink maximum achievable data rate, combining all carriers in the frequency band. This layer displays the overall average data rate on the downlink, accounting for all available carriers. This layer displays whether there is traffic coverage on the downlink (if at least one downlink modulation and coding scheme is available) for the best carrier. This layer displays the maximum spectral efficiency that can be achieved on the downlink. The maximum spectral efficiency that can be achieved depends on radio conditions. Subscribers (i.e., locations) that have a high signal-to-interference ratio can achieve higher spectral efficiency than subscribers/locations that have a poor signal-to-interference ratio. This layer displays the best downlink modulation and coding scheme available at the bin, for the best carrier. It is the best downlink modulation and coding scheme whose coverage probability is above the cell edge coverage probability target. This layer displays the difference between the actual downlink C/(N+I) and the required C/(N+I) by the best available modulation, expressed in dB. Diversity gain and fade margins are also included. This layer displays the CQI value that corresponds with the downlink maximum spectral efficiency value (in useful bits/symbol) at each pixel.

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Chapter 10 Layer Downlink Coverage Probability Downlink Maximum Achievable Data Rate

Downlink Average Data Rate

Uplink Overall Maximum Achievable Data Rate Uplink Overall Average Data Rate Uplink C/I Uplink C(N+I) Uplink Coverage

Uplink Best Available Modulation

Uplink Maximum Achievable Spectral Efficiency

Uplink Margin

Uplink Coverage Probability


Description These layers display the service coverage probability for the downlink modulation. It depends on the slow fading standard deviation. This layer displays the highest data rate that meets coverage probability requirements. It depends on the best available modulation and coding scheme. Spatial multiplexing gains are also included. This layer displays the average data rate on the downlink, for the best carrier. It is calculated by averaging all possible data rates with their coverage probabilities. It depends on the coverage probability of all downlink modulation and coding schemes. This layer displays the overall maximum achievable data rate in the uplink, accounting for all available carriers. This layer displays the overall average data rate in the uplink, accounting for all available carriers. This layer displays the C/I ratio of the uplink traffic data for the best carrier. This layer displays the C/(N+I) ratio of the uplink traffic data for the best carrier. This layer displays whether there is traffic coverage on the uplink (if at least one uplink modulation and coding scheme is available) for the best carrier. This layer displays the best uplink modulation and coding scheme available at the bin, for the best carrier. It is the best uplink modulation and coding scheme whose coverage probability is above the cell edge coverage probability target. This layer displays the maximum spectral efficiency that can be achieved on the uplink. The maximum spectral efficiency that can be achieved depends on radio conditions. Subscribers (i.e., locations) that have a high signal-to-interference ratio can achieve higher spectral efficiency than subscribers/locations that have a poor signal-to-interference ratio. This layer displays the difference between the actual uplink C/(N+I) and the required C/(N+I) by the best available modulation, expressed in dB. Diversity gain and fade margins are also included. This layer displays the service coverage probability for


Uplink Maximum Achievable Data Rate

Uplink Average Data Rate

Uplink Transmit Power Composite Coverage

Description the uplink modulation. It depends on the slow fading standard deviation. This layer displays the maximum achievable data rate on the uplink, for the best carrier. It depends on the best available uplink modulation and coding scheme. Spatial multiplexing gains are also included. This layer displays the average data rate in the uplink, for the best carrier. It depends on the coverage probability of all uplink modulation and coding schemes. This layer displays the required transmit power on the uplink at each bin. This layer displays the coverage status for the best carrier. Four classes are defined: n

n

n

n

Worst Margin Worst Co-channel Interfering Sector

both downlink and uplink (i.e. there is coverage) downlink only (coverage is therefore uplink limited) uplink only (coverage is therefore downlink limited) none (no coverage)

This layer displays the lowest margin on the downlink and the uplink for the best carrier expressed in dB. This layer displays the name of the sector that creates the highest level of co-carrier interference on the best carrier.

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Carrier-Specific LTE Analysis Layers LTE Analysis layers are grouped into common layers and carrier-specific layers. The carrier-specific layers represent the performance of one carrier. Table 1 details the carrier-specific layers. Table 1: Carrier-Specific Layers Layer Best Server

Composite Best Server

Best Server Signal Strength Best Server Reference Signal Strength RSRP

Best Synchronization Signal Strength Best Server

Best Server Reference Signal Strength Synchronization Signal C/(N+I) Reference C(N+I) RSRQ Handover Status

Description This layer displays the best server on the downlink. This layer is based on the downlink reference signal power values. This layer is the same as the best server layer, except that for sectors with repeaters, the repeater and its donor are treated as one combined sector. This layer displays the best server signal strength on the downlink at each bin. This layer is based on the downlink PA power values. This layer displays the best server reference signal strength at each bin. This layer displays the best server Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) for the best carrier at each bin. The layer includes both the slow fading standard deviation and the cell edge coverage probability (as defined in the LTE Analysis Settings dialog box). This layer displays the best synchronization signal strength at each bin. This layer displays the Nth best server on the downlink. This layer is based on the downlink reference power values. This layer displays the Nth best server reference signal strength at each bin. This layer displays the synchronization signal C/(N+I) at each bin. This layer displays the reference signal C/(N+I) at each bin. This layer displays the Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) value at each bin. This layer displays whether the handover is possible ("Yes") or not. The status is determined using the A3 handover threshold defined on the Configuration tab in the Site Editor.

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Chapter 10 Layer Number of Potential Handover Sectors

Description This layer displays the number of sectors that have a signal strength within the number of dB defined for the A3 handover threshold.

Handover Sector Priority

This layer displays the sector that has the strongest signal strength (ignoring the best server) and that has a signal strength within the number of dB defined for the A3 Handover Threshold parameter. This layer displays the probability of coverage for the signal at each bin. It depends on the Reference Signal C/(N+I), as well as on the slow fading standard deviation value. This layer displays whether there is reference signal coverage. It depends on the Reference Signal Coverage probability and the cell edge coverage probability target. The layer displays the type of MIMO technique used at each bin.

Reference Coverage Probability

Reference Coverage

MIMO Type

Three classes are defined:

Diversity Gain

Spatial Multiplexing Gain

Interference Coordination

Downlink C/I


n

None

n

Diversity

n

MIMO (Spatial Multiplexing)

This layer displays the downlink diversity gain at each bin. It depends on the antenna systems of best server and CPE, and on the antenna algorithm selected by the best server. This layer displays the downlink spatial multiplexing gain at each bin. It depends on the antenna systems of best server and CPE, on the antenna algorithm selected by the best server and on the downlink C/(N+I) level at the bin. This layer displays the interference coordination status at each bin: n

Inner cell

n

Outer cell

This layer displays the C/I ratio of the downlink traffic data.

Generating Network Analyses Layer Downlink C/(N+I) Downlink Coverage



Downlink Maximum Spectral Efficiency

Downlink Margin

CQI

Downlink Coverage Probability Downlink Probability

Downlink Maximum Achievable Data Rate

Description This layer displays the C/(N+I) ratio of the downlink traffic data. This layer displays whether there is traffic coverage on the downlink (if at least one downlink modulation and coding scheme is available). This layer displays the best downlink modulation and coding scheme available at the bin. It is the best downlink modulation and coding scheme whose coverage probability is above the cell edge coverage probability target. This layer displays the best downlink modulation and coding scheme available at the bin, for the best carrier. It is the best downlink modulation and coding scheme whose coverage probability is above the cell edge coverage probability target. This layer displays the maximum spectral efficiency that can be achieved on the downlink. The maximum spectral efficiency that can be achieved depends on radio conditions. Subscribers (i.e., locations) that have a high signal-to-interference ratio can achieve higher spectral efficiency than subscribers/locations that have a poor signal-to-interference ratio. This layer displays the difference between the actual downlink C/(N+I) and the required C/(N+I) by the best available modulation, expressed in dB. Diversity gain and fade margins are also included. This layer displays the CQI value that corresponds with the downlink maximum spectral efficiency value (in useful bits/symbol) at each pixel. These layers display the service coverage probability for the downlink modulation. It depends on the slow fading standard deviation. This layer displays the service coverage probability for the best available downlink modulation and coding scheme. It depends on the slow fading standard deviation. This layer displays the maximum achievable data rate on the downlink. It depends on the best available modulation and coding scheme. Spatial multiplexing gains are also included.

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Chapter 10 Layer Downlink Average Data Rate Uplink C/I Uplink C(N+I) Uplink Coverage

Uplink Best Available Modulation

Uplink Maximum Spectral Efficiency

Uplink Margin

Uplink Coverage Probability Uplink Probability

Uplink Maximum Data Rate

Uplink Average Data Rate

Uplink Transmit Power


Description This layer displays the average data rate on the downlink. It depends on the coverage probability of all downlink modulation and coding schemes. This layer displays the C/I ratio of the uplink traffic data. This layer displays the C/(N+I) ratio of the uplink traffic data. This layer displays whether there is traffic coverage on the uplink (if at least one uplink modulation and coding scheme is available). This layer displays the best uplink modulation and coding scheme available at the bin. It is the best uplink modulation and coding scheme whose coverage probability is above the cell edge coverage probability target. This layer displays the maximum spectral efficiency that can be achieved on the uplink. The maximum spectral efficiency that can be achieved depends on radio conditions. Subscribers (i.e., locations) that have a high signal-to-interference ratio can achieve higher spectral efficiency than subscribers/locations that have a poor signal-to-interference ratio. This layer displays the difference between the actual uplink C/(N+I) and the required C/(N+I) by the best available modulation, expressed in dB. Diversity gain and fade margins are also included. These layers display the service coverage probability for the uplink modulation. It depends on the slow fading standard deviation. This layer displays the service coverage probability for the best available uplink modulation and coding scheme. It depends on the slow fading standard deviation. This layer displays the maximum achievable data rate on the uplink. It depends on the best available uplink modulation and coding scheme. Spatial multiplexing gains are also included. This layer displays the average data rate in the uplink. It depends on the coverage probability of all uplink modulation and coding schemes. This layer displays the required transmit power on the uplink at each bin.


Composite Coverage

Description

This layer displays the coverage status. Four classes are defined: n

n

n

n

Worst Margin Worst Co-Channel Interfering Sector

both downlink and uplink (i.e., there is coverage) downlink only (coverage is therefore uplink limited) uplink only (coverage is therefore downlink limited) none (no coverage)

This layer displays the lowest margin on the downlink and the uplink expressed in dB. This layer displays the name of the sector that creates the highest level of co-carrier interference.

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Defining default analysis settings If you want to use the same settings for a number of analyses, you can define default settings. When you create a new analysis, these defaults are automatically used.

To define default analysis settings 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Network Analyses category, right-click WiMAXLTE Analyses and choose Default Analyses Settings. The WiMAXLTE Analysis Settings dialog box opens.

2

Define the default settings that you want to use, and click OK.


Creating A WiMAX Analysis

Creating and generating a network analysis When you create a new analysis, it is displayed in the Project Explorer in the Network Analyses category under the WiMAXLTE Analyses node. You can create any number of analyses for a project. When you finish creating a network analysis, you can generate it immediately or save the analysis settings without generating it. NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help.

To create and generate a network analysis 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Network Analyses category, right-click WiMAXLTE Analyses and choose New. The Network Analysis Wizard opens.

2


3

On the System page, provide the required information and click Next.

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4

On the Analysis page, provide the required information, and click Next.

5

On the last page of the Wizard, complete the final step and click Finish.

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Network Analysis Wizard The Network Analysis Wizard steps you through the process of generating a network analysis (i.e., a nominal analysis). A nominal analysis enables you to perform a preliminary analysis of your network and is quicker than a Monte Carlo simulation because it does not use multiple runs to distribute subscribers. Instead, this analysis method uses traffic power and noise rise values to determine coverage and transmitted signal strengths.


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Analysis



Best Server Signal Strength Threshold—type in this box the signal strength above which a server can be considered the best server. Nth Best Server—choose from this list the number of the Nth Best Server for which to generate a grid. For example, if you want to produce grids of the fourth best server at all locations, choose “4”.


Chapter 11

Best Server Selection Based On Reference Signal Strength—choose this option if you want the simulation to select the best server according to the reference signal strength. RSRQ—choose this option if you want the simulation to select the best server according to the reference signal receive quality. Number Of Handover Candidates—choose from this list the number of handover candidates to consider in the network analysis. Interference Coordination Scheduling—choose from this list the type of scheduler to use in order to efficiently coordinate interference. This box is not available if the selected frequency band does not support interference coordination. The following options are available: n

n

Basic—optimizes resource allocations through minimal interaction between eNodeBs. Advanced—optimizes resource allocations through fast and comprehensive communication between eNodeBs. As a result, the Advanced scheduler reduces more efficiently the amount of downlink interference.

Reference Signal Receive Quality (RSRQ)—type in this box the reference signal strength receive quality threshold used to determine the reference signal coverage. Mobile Speed (km/h)—choose from this list the mobile speed for which you want to create an analysis. The mobile speeds that are listed are those you defined in the network settings. Probability of Collision Curve—displays the name of the mapping curve to use for the probability of collision. Browse—click this button to open a .cls file. Edit—click this button to open the Curve Editor.



Number of Uplink Resource Blocks per User All Available Resource Blocks—choose this option to specify that all resource blocks are used by each subscriber on the uplink. User-Defined Number of Resource Blocks—choose this option to specify the number of resource blocks used by each subscriber on the uplink. If you input a number that is greater than the total number of resource blocks, the analysis will automatically use all resource blocks.


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Uplink Power Control Full—choose this option to use full power control on the uplink. Fractional P0—choose this option to use uplink fractional power control. You must specify a power control value in dBm and define a pathloss compensation factor. When you choose this option, the transmitted power used for the mobile equipment is impacted and, hence, so is the uplink CNIR value.



Other System Interference Interference Grid—displays the interference grid that will be used during the analysis. If you use an interference grid, the downlink other system interference value defined in the LTE sector settings will be ignored by the analysis. At each bin, the value will be replaced by the value provided in the grid. Browse—click this button to open a .grd file containing interference values to use in place of the sector-based downlink interference values. Remove— click this button if you do not want to use an interference grid.

Center Frequency (MHz)—type in this box the center frequency of the interference source. Bandwidth (MHz)—type in this box the bandwidth of the interfering signal.


Chapter 11

Network Analysis Wizard The Network Analysis Wizard steps you through the process of generating a network analysis (i.e., a nominal analysis). A nominal analysis enables you to perform a preliminary analysis of your network and is quicker than a Monte Carlo simulation because it does not use multiple runs to distribute subscribers. Instead, this analysis method uses traffic power and noise rise values to determine coverage and transmitted signal strengths.



System Frequency Band—choose from this list the frequency band of the network you want to analyze. You define frequency bands in the Network Settings.


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Subscriber Equipment Type—choose from this list the equipment type for which you want to generate an analysis. The equipment type is defined in the Subscriber Settings. Environment—choose from this list the environment for which you want to generate an analysis. You define environment settings (e.g., slow fading standard deviation, penetration loss, fast fading margin, etc.) in the Environment Editor. Cell Edge Coverage Probability—type in this box the target probability of coverage at the cell edge when determining the quality of service.



Generating an existing analysis You can generate an analysis after it has been created in the wizard. You can generate an existing analysis as many times as required. If you edit a sector in the Site Editor, your sector updates are used in subsequent analysis runs.

To generate an existing analysis n

In the Project Explorer, in the Network Analyses category, right-click the analysis node for which you want to generate analysis layers and choose Generate.


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Viewing analysis layers Once you have generated your analysis, you can view the analysis layers that it contains.

To view analysis layers 1

In the Project Explorer, choose the Network Analyses category.

2

Right-click an analysis layer under the WiMAXLTE Analysis node and choose View. The analysis layer is displayed in the Map window.

TIP: To remove an analysis layer from the Map window, in the Project Explorer, in the Network Analyses category, under the WiMAXLTE Analysis node, right-click an analysis layer, and choose Remove.



Generating multiple analyses You can use the Analysis Generator to select multiple analyses to generate sequentially. Using this method you can, for example, select a series of analyses to generate overnight. You can update sector information that impacts a selected analysis, however the analysis only uses the updated information if it has not yet started to generate.

To generate multiple analyses 1

Choose Tools

Analysis Generator.

2

In the Analysis Generator, specify which analyses you want to generate and click Start. Analyses are generated in the order displayed in the Analysis Generator. Sector information for each analysis listed is collected when the analysis starts. If you change sector parameters and the analysis has not yet started, changes will be included in the results.

TIP: To reorder entries in the Analysis Generator, click the column title.


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Deleting analyses Files generated from a network analysis can take up a lot of hard disk space. You can delete analyses that are no longer required.

To delete analyses 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Network Analyses category, do any of the following: n

n

2

Choose one or more analyses, right-click and choose Delete. Expand an analysis node, choose one or more analysis layers, right-click and choose Delete.

In the Mentum Planet dialog box, click Yes. The analyses or analysis layers you chose are removed from the Project Explorer and the files are deleted from the project folder.



Recoloring best serving sector layers The Best Serving Sector Recolor tool enables you to change the color scheme used to display best serving sector analysis layers (classified grid files). You can use the colors defined in a sector display scheme or choose from the default color schemes used to display best serving sector analysis layers. Sector display schemes enable you to display analysis layers based on sector properties, such as the downlink load. When you use a sector display scheme with the Best Serving Sector Recolor tool, only the colors that have been defined for the scheme are used; other sector display scheme settings, such as symbol and size, are ignored. For information about defining sector display schemes, see “Customizing sector symbols for multiple sites” in “Working With Sites and Sectors”, in the Mentum Planet User Guide.

To recolor best serving sector layers 1

Choose Tools

Best Serving Sector Recolor.

The Best Serving Sector Recolor dialog box opens. 2

Click Browse, navigate to the _Analyses folder with the project folder, choose the best serving sector layer (.grc) file that you want to recolor, and click Open.

3

In the Apply Scheme section, choose a color scheme and click Apply. The best serving sector layers are displayed in the Map window using the new color scheme.

NOTE: You can modify an existing sector display scheme from within in the Best Serving Sector Recolor dialog box by right-clicking a scheme and choosing Edit.


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Examining layer statistics You can calculate statistics on the individual analysis layers that you have generated, including preamble plan analysis layers. You can calculate statistics based on the entire numeric grid (.grd) file, an area grid, or a selection in the Map window. You can further customize the statistics based on a clutter grid file, traffic map, or a user-defined filter. After you calculate statistics, you can export statistics to Excel or to .csv files. In Excel, you can display statistics in a myriad of different ways as shown in Figure 8.1. Figure 8.1 Example of layer statistics displayed in Excel. For information on how to generate layer statistics, see “To calculate layer statistics”.


Generating Monte Carlo Simulations

Chapter 12 Generating Monte Carlo Simulations A Monte Carlo simulation generates information about sectors, channels, and subscribers in your network. Using the information gathered through a Monte Carlo analysis, you can establish cell loads and determine the operating points of the base stations. This chapter describes how to generate a Monte Carlo simulation and view results. Because of the detail in Monte Carlo simulations, they can take some time to generate. For quicker, but less detailed, analyses you can generate a WiMAXLTE analysis. See “Chapter 8: Generating Analyses”. This chapter covers the following topics: Understanding Monte Carlo simulations

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Defining the number of Monte Carlo runs

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Understanding Monte Carlo simulation layers

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Defining default Monte Carlo simulation settings

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Creating and generating a Monte Carlo simulation

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System

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Subscriber Types

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Analysis

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Monte Carlo

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Generating an existing Monte Carlo simulation

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Viewing simulation layers

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Updating analysis cell loads with Monte Carlo results

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Analysis Settings

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Layers

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Layer Information

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Classification Settings

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Creating reports

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Deleting simulation layers

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Understanding Monte Carlo simulations A Monte Carlo simulation uses Monte Carlo simulation techniques to determine the characteristics of your network over repeated runs. A run consists of the distribution of random numbers of subscribers throughout the analysis area in a random pattern, and an analysis of the uplink and downlink. On the last run, operating points and discrete subscriber information are generated. Once the runs are complete, you can view simulation layers and, if required, use the cell load information for further analysis. Statistically, individual runs are of little value. However, over many Monte Carlo runs, the average result provides a realistic representation of network performance. The results are averaged to create the operating points that are used when you generate simulation layers. The following sections describe the phases of a Monte Carlo run and explain the methods for determining how many runs are required.

The phases of a Monte Carlo simulation There are four general phases in a Monte Carlo simulation. They involve: n

placing subscribers in a random pattern

n

sorting subscribers based on their assigned priorities

n

analyzing the downlink and the uplink

n

generating operating points and subscriber information

Once convergence is reached, if there are any remaining network resources available and you choose to use a Scheduler, the Scheduler will allocate them based on subscriber priorities.

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Placing subscribers in a random pattern Each run begins with the placement of subscribers in a random pattern throughout the simulation area. This pattern is created using input values from the channels defined for the band and the subscribers defined in the Subscriber Editor. The random distribution pattern corresponds to the traffic map, and is an efficient method for establishing transmission patterns when the exact location of each subscriber cannot be established.

Sorting subscribers by priority On each run, subscribers are served based on their assigned priorities. The highest priority in each case is 1 while the lowest priority is 100. For each subscriber type, you define the following priorities: n

n

n

a subscriber type priority—defined on the Configuration tab for each subscriber type. a service priority—defined on the Load tab for each subscriber service a Quality of Service priority—defined on the Quality of Service tab and organized around QoS classes

Analyzing the downlink and uplink The goal of the uplink and downlink analysis phase is to determine the subscribers who can be served, taking into account the impact of each served subscriber on the network. The analysis begins by considering the subscribers in the simulation, then the serving sectors for each subscriber. The downlink analysis n

determines whether the preamble signal strength and preamble C/(N+I) are above the targets



n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

n

allocates a downlink permutation zone to the subscriber analyzes whether the MAP C/(N+I) signal is above the target calculates the received signal-to-noise ratio C/(N+I) and checks that the required coverage probability is achieved checks that the user limit, downlink load and throughput limit are not exceeded determines whether the preamble signal strength and preamble C/(N+I) are above the targets allocates a downlink permutation zone to the subscriber analyzes whether the MAP C/(N+I) signal is above the target calculates the received signal-to-noise ratio C/(N+I) and checks that the required coverage probability is achieved checks that the user limit, downlink load and throughput limit are not exceeded

The uplink analysis n

n

n

n

n

n

determines the best uplink server that is also the best downlink server determines the best uplink server that is also the best downlink server allocates an uplink permutation zone to the subscriber calculates the received signal-to-noise ratio C/(N+I) and checks that the required coverage probability is achieved calculates the noise rise and checks that the limit is not exceeded on all sectors checks that the cell radius and uplink load are not exceeded

The simulation also checks the quality thresholds defined for each sector.

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Generating operating points and subscriber information On the last run, operating points and subscriber information are generated. Operating points provide detailed information about each sector, channel, and subscriber type in the simulation. The operating points are averaged and stored. You can examine detailed operating point data by viewing the generated layers. Subscriber information provides details on the coverage status of subscribers (also known as discrete subscribers). Snapshots of each subscriber’s status are compiled on each run of the simulation. When the simulation is complete, you can view the subscriber spreading layer as well as the service status of each subscriber. You can also view reports on the statistics collected. See “Creating reports”.



Defining the number of Monte Carlo runs Before you generate a Monte Carlo simulation, you must define the convergence criteria that determines when the simulation stops. If you generate too few runs, the results will not accurately reflect the distribution of subscribers within the network. If you generate too many runs, the processing time can be high unnecessarily. In order to avoid either of these extremes, you define the level of convergence, which considers the number of subscribers blocked during a single run. If this number is stable over several runs, the simulation ends.

Convergence method The distribution of subscribers is affected by the traffic density. When there is greater traffic density, fewer runs are required. Using this approach, the runs continue until the level of convergence target is reached. After each run, the tool calculates the level of convergence value (see “Level of Convergence calculation”). When the level of convergence is within the specified range (e.g., by default, within 5% of the target values), the simulation ends. To achieve results that are statistically valid, you must determine an appropriate level of convergence. If you specify a low value (for example, 1%), more runs will be required for the solution to converge. A low level of convergence generally requires a higher resolution digital terrain model (DTM) to ensure accurate results. If the DTM has a low resolution, small variations in the interference calculations between runs might cause significant differences in the coverage area for a particular site. The required level of convergence option requires a minimum of five runs to complete.

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Level of Convergence calculation The following calculations are used to determine the level of convergence during a run. First, the number of blocked users is calculated using Equation 9.1.

Equation 9.1 Mean number of blocked users Where: is the mean number of blocked users for a particular run is the number of simulation runs The divergence of consecutive values is continually calculated using the mean value. For example:

Equation 9.2 Divergence of consecutive values



The value from Equation 9.1 and the divergence value from Equation 9.2 are then used to determine the level of convergence value, as shown in Equation 9.3.

Equation 9.3 Level of convergence calculation If the analysis does not achieve what you consider to be an accurate model of the network using the number of runs that you specified, you can generate additional runs. See “Generating additional runs for a WiMAX Monte Carlo simulation” .

Factors affecting the required number of runs The number of runs required to achieve a given level of accuracy can vary dramatically based on several factors including: n

n

the number of bins in the simulation, which is directly proportional to the simulation area and resolution. The number of bins in the simulation has an impact as it will provide the number of potential points for subscribers. The more potential points for subscribers, the greater the likelihood of variation. the number of subscribers to be spread. This, coupled with the type of subscriber (for example, high data rate subscribers) and the traffic map, has potentially the

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greatest impact on the number of runs required. If you spread very few subscribers over a large area, then you need many runs to get a good statistical representation. If these subscribers are spread in a limited area, then fewer runs are likely required. n

n

n

the impact of each individual subscriber on the simulation. Higher data rate subscribers create a bigger load and have a bigger impact in all respects. the potential variation in the locations of the subscribers in the simulation according to the assigned traffic maps. A flat traffic map will likely require more runs than a map where all of the subscribers are concentrated. the number of sectors in the simulation. A greater number of servers, coupled with the potential for overlapping coverage areas, and gaps in coverage, results in a higher potential for different sectors providing service, and more runs being required.

In general, the greater potential variability then the greater the number of runs required to ensure a reasonable level of accuracy. It is often useful to do a single run first, especially for large simulation areas. A single run can identify obvious errors quickly, for example, incorrect PA power settings for a sector. TIP: To help determine whether additional runs are required, you can view the subscriber spreading layer and use the Grid Info tool to see how many subscribers are spread across a bin. You can also view the service status layer to see the served status of a subscriber. You can also examine pre-defined reports to view the operating points. For more information on reports, see “Creating reports”.



Understanding Monte Carlo simulation layers Two types of layers are generated after the final Monte Carlo run: n

n

the subscriber spreading layer—displays how many subscribers are spread across a bin. This is the average value over all runs. the service status layer (for each subscriber type)— displays the served status of each subscriber using the colors shown in Table 1

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Table 1 Subscriber status color map Color

Subscriber Status

Served subscribers

Displays When..

All simulation conditions are met. Blocked (preamble The sectors' signal strength is coverage) below the signal strength threshold defined in the WiMAX analysis settings or when there are no permutation zones (as defined in the network settings) available. Blocked (MAP There is no MAP coverage, coverage) based on the required MAP C/(N+I) threshold defined in the WiMAX analysis settings. Blocked (number of The number of subscribers users) served by a given sector is greater than the maximum number of subscribers defined in the Site Editor. Blocked (downlink There are no downlink power) modulation coding schemes that can be achieved. Blocked (uplink There are no uplink power) modulation coding schemes that can be achieved. Blocked (downlink There are no downlink resources) resources (i.e., subchannels) left to serve a particular subscriber. Blocked (uplink There are no uplink resources resources) (i.e., subchannels) left to serve a given subscriber. Blocked (uplink noise The uplink noise rise for any rise) sector is greater than the sector maximum uplink noise



Color

Subscriber Status

Displays When..

rise value as defined in the Site Editor when serving a given subscriber. Blocked (maximum pooled throughput)

Blocked (coverage distance limit)

Color

Subscriber Status

Served subscribers Blocked (preamble coverage)

Blocked (MAP coverage)

Blocked (number of users)

Blocked (downlink power)

Serving a given subscriber leads to a site pooled throughput that is greater than the maximum pooled throughput value defined in the Site Editor. The subscriber is outside the limit best server coverage value defined in the Site Editor. Displays When..

All simulation conditions are met. The sectors' signal strength is below the signal strength threshold defined in the WiMAX analysis settings or when there are no permutation zones (as defined in the network settings) available. There is no MAP coverage, based on the required MAP C/(N+I) threshold defined in the WiMAX analysis settings. The number of subscribers served by a given sector is greater than the maximum number of subscribers defined in the Site Editor. There are no downlink modulation coding schemes

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Color

Subscriber Status

Displays When..

that can be achieved. Blocked (uplink power)

There are no uplink modulation coding schemes that can be achieved. Blocked (downlink There are no downlink resources) resources (i.e., subchannels) left to serve a particular subscriber. Blocked (uplink There are no uplink resources resources) (i.e., subchannels) left to serve a given subscriber. Blocked (uplink noise The uplink noise rise for any rise) sector is greater than the sector maximum uplink noise rise value as defined in the Site Editor when serving a given subscriber. Blocked (maximum Serving a given subscriber pooled throughput) leads to a site pooled throughput that is greater than the maximum pooled throughput value defined in the Site Editor. Blocked (coverage The subscriber is outside the distance limit) limit best server coverage value defined in the Site Editor. The subscriber spreading layer and the service status layer are saved in the MC_Simulations folder of your project. To ensure that these layers are always generated during a Monte Carlo simulation, enable the Generate Layers for 4G Monte Carlo Simulations check box on the Miscellaneous panel in the User Preferences dialog box.




Step 1

Ensure that you have defined a traffic map for the subscriber types that covers the same area as your Monte Carlo simulation.

Step 2

If you want to use the same settings for a number of simulations, define default simulations settings.

Step 3

Create and generate a new Monte Carlo simulation.

Step 4

View simulation layers.

Step 5

If required, generate additional runs.

Step 6

Generate statistical reports for simulation layers.

Step 7

Create reports for discrete subscriber information and operating points.

Step 8

Optionally, generate a network analysis.

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Defining default Monte Carlo simulation settings If you want to use the same settings for a number of Monte Carlo simulations, you can define default settings. When you create a new simulation, these defaults are automatically used.

To define default Monte Carlo simulation settings In the Project Explorer, in the Monte Carlo Simulations category, rightclick WiMAXLTE Simulations and choose Default Simulation Settings. The Monte Carlo Simulation dialog box opens. 1

Define the default settings that you want to use, and click OK.



Creating and generating a Monte Carlo simulation When you create a new simulation, it is displayed in the Project Explorer in the Monte Carlo Simulations category under the Simulations node. You can create any number of simulations for a project. When you finish creating a Monte Carlo simulation, you can generate it immediately or save the simulation settings without generating it. NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help.

To create and generate a new Monte Carlo simulation 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Monte Carlo Simulations category, right-click WiMAXLTE FDDWCDMA Simulations and choose New. The Monte Carlo Simulation Wizard opens.

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2

On the System page, provide the following information and click Next.



3

On the Analysis page, provide the following information and click Next.

4

On the Monte Carlo page, provide the following information and click Next.

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5

On the last page of the Wizard, complete the final step and click Finish. A new simulation node is created in the Project Explorer.

TIP: To view the settings of a simulation, in the Project Explorer, in the Monte Carlo Simulations category, right-click the simulation and choose View Settings. TIP: To view which sectors are part of a simulation, in the Project Explorer, in the Monte Carlo Simulations category, right-click the simulation and choose View Selected Sectors.



Monte Carlo Simulation Wizard A Monte Carlo simulation takes all subscriber parameters into account when generating simulation layers. To do this, at each Monte Carlo run, Mentum Planet: n

n

n

Creates a random pattern of subscribers. The simulation places the subscribers at random locations using the traffic map densities, and determines the subscriber types from the definitions in the Subscriber Editor. Generates downlink and uplink analyses. This uses the random subscriber pattern to determine the number of subscribers that can be served, while taking into account the impact of each served subscriber on the network. On the last run of the simulation, the simulation tool also generates two additional types of data: n

n

Operating points— These are the results of the simulation divided by sector, carrier, and subscriber type. Mentum Planet averages these and uses them to create reports. Discrete subscriber information—Mentum Planet compiles snapshots of each subscriber’s status on each run of the simulation. When the simulation finishes, the coverage status of each subscriber is stored in a MapInfo table (*.tab).

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System Frequency Band—choose from this list the frequency band you want to simulate. You define frequency bands in the Network Settings.



Subscriber Types Use this section to specify the subscriber criteria to focus on when generating the simulation. Enable the check boxes next to those subscriber types you want to include in the simulation. Subscriber Type—displays the name of the subscriber type. The subscriber type is defined in the Subscriber Editor. CPE Type—displays the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) type associated with the subscriber.

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Analysis Signal Strength Threshold—type in this box the signal strength above which a server can be considered the best server.

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Best Server Selection Based On Use this section to specify how the simulation determines the best server of each subscriber. Reference Signal Strength—choose this option if you want the simulation to select the best server of each subscriber according to the reference signal strength. RSRQ—choose this option if you want the simulation to select the best server according to the reference signal receive quality. Interference Coordination Scheduling—choose from this list the type of scheduler to use in order to efficiently coordinate interference. This box is not available if the selected frequency band does not support interference coordination. The following options are available: l

l

Basic—optimizes resource allocations through minimal interaction between eNodeBs. Advanced—optimizes resource allocations through fast and comprehensive communication between eNodeBs. As a result, the Advanced scheduler reduces more efficiently the amount of downlink interference. Reference Signal Receive Quality (RSRQ)—type in this box the reference signal receive quality threshold used to determine the reference signal coverage. Probability of Collision Curve—displays the name of the mapping curve to use for the probability of collision. Browse—click this button to open a .cls file. Edit—click this button to open the Curve Editor.



Uplink Power Control Full—choose this option to use full power control on the uplink. Fractional P0—choose this option to use uplink fractional power control. You must specify a power control value in dBm and define a pathloss compensation factor. When you choose this option, the transmitted power used for the mobile equipment is impacted and, hence, so is the uplink CNIR value.

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Other System Interference Use Interference Grid—enable this check box to specify an interference grid to use during the analysis. If you use an interference grid, the downlink other system interference value defined in the LTE sector settings will be ignored by the analysis. At each bin, the value will be replaced by the value provided in the grid. Browse—click this button to open a .grd file containing interference values to use in place of the sector-based downlink interference values. Remove—click this button if you do not want to use an interference grid. Center Frequency—click in this box to define the center frequency of the interference source. Bandwidth—click in this box to define the bandwidth of the interference signal.




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Monte Carlo Minimum Number of Runs—type in this box to define the minimum number of runs in the Monte-Carlo simulation. Maximum Number of Runs—type in this box to define the maximum number of runs in the Monte-Carlo simulation. Required Level of Convergence—type in this box to define the required level of convergence in order to end the Monte-Carlo simulation. Scheduler—choose from this list the type of Scheduler you want to use. The following options are available: None—resources that remain once subscribers have been served with their minimum data rate are not allocated. Priority—resources that remain once subscribers have been served with their minimum data rate are allocated to subscribers based on the priority defined in the subscriber settings. Proportional Fair—resources that remain once subscribers have been served at their minimum data rates are allocated equally to all subscribers such that subscribers in better conditions have better data rates. Proportional Demand—resources that remain once subscribers have been served at their minimum data rates are allocated to served subscribers. Subscribers with low data rates are given more resources. Maximum Capacity—resources that remain once subscribers have been served at their minimum data rates are allocated to served subscribers. Subscribers with high data rates are given more resources. User-Defined—resources that remain once subscribers have been served at their minimum data rates are allocated to served subscribers according to the following weight:



The larger the weight, the more resources are assigned to the subscriber. Use the User-Defined Scheduler when you require a compromise between fairness (as in the proportional demand scheduler) and capacity (as in the maximum capacity scheduler). Automatically Update Cell Loads—enable this check box to update cell load values automatically at the end of the simulation. Display Subscribers at Each Run—enable this check box to display the subscriber status in the Map window on each simulation run. Display Convergence Graph—enable this check box to display a graph illustrating the convergence process.

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Generating an existing Monte Carlo simulation You can generate a simulation after it has been created in the wizard and can generate an existing simulation as many times as required. After viewing the simulation report and discrete subscriber information, you may determine that additional runs are required to achieve greater accuracy. The additional simulation runs are based on the operating points obtained from the existing simulation. The new results are generated using the statistics collected from all simulation runs. NOTE: If you edit a sector in the Site Editor, your updates are used in subsequent simulation runs.

To generate an existing simulation n

In the Project Explorer, in the Monte Carlo Simulations category, right-click the simulation node for which you want to generate layers and choose Generate.



Viewing simulation layers Once you have generated a simulation, you can view the simulation layers that it contains.

To view simulation layers 1

In the Project Explorer, choose the Monte Carlo Simulations category.

2

Right-click a simulation layer under the WiMAXLTE FDD Simulations node and choose View. The simulation layer is displayed in the Map window.

NOTE: If you rename a simulation in the Project Explorer, any layers currently open or displayed in the Map window will be closed.

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Updating analysis cell loads with Monte Carlo results Once you have generated a Monte Carlo simulation, you have the option of using the results of the simulation to update the target values for the uplink noise rise and downlink for each sector. These values are used in network analyses.

To update analysis cell loads 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Monte Carlo Simulation category, right-click a Monte Carlo simulation and do one of the following: n

n

2

To Update The Target Values For All Sectors In The Chosen Group, Choose Apply Cell Loads. To update the target values for selected sectors within the group, choose Apply Cell Loads to Selected Sectors, specify the sectors to which you want to apply changes, and click OK.

In the confirmation dialog box, click OK. The values displayed in the Channels table on the Configuration tab are updated. This includes the Downlink Loading (%), the Uplink Loading (%), the Uplink Noise Rise (%), the Segment Zone Usage (dB), and the AAS Usage (%).



Examining layer statistics You can calculate statistics on the individual analysis layers that you have generated, including preamble plan analysis layers. You can calculate statistics based on the entire numeric grid (.grd) file, an area grid, or a selection in the Map window. You can further customize the statistics based on a clutter grid file, traffic map, or a user-defined filter. To evaluate how using different types of antenna systems impacts network performance: n

n

n

n

Create layer statistics for the Downlink Maximum Achievable Data Rate layer. In the Layer Statistics Analysis dialog box, use the best server classified grid to calculate statistics. In the Report Preview, filter on a given range and choose the Percentage Sub Area column. Click the Generate Sector Display Scheme button and define a sector display scheme to apply to the map.

After you calculate statistics, you can export statistics to Excel or to .csv files. In Excel, you can display statistics in a myriad of different ways as shown the figure.

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Figure 9.1 Example of graph displays in Excel. NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help.

To calculate layer statistics 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Network Analyses category, choose the simulation layers that you want to add to the report, right-click and choose Statistics.

2

To manually add additional simulation layers to the list, click Add Layer, navigate to the file that you want to add, and click Open.

3

In the tree view, choose Analysis Settings.

4

On the Analysis Settings panel, define the analysis area.

5


To remove bins with null values from the analysis layer calculations, enable the Exclude Null Values check box.



n

To generate additional statistics, broken down by a classification, enable the Use Classified Grid check box, click Browse to navigate to the file, choose the file and click OK. Any classified grid can be used to perform different kinds of statistical analysis. For example, to produce a statistical breakdown for each sector, use a best server layer as the classification grid. This breaks the statistics down by best server area.

n

n

To generate traffic statistics, enable the Use Traffic Map check box and choose a traffic map from the Traffic Map list. To generate additional statistics, broken down by a classification, enable the Use Classified Grid check box, click Browse to navigate to the file, choose the file and click OK. Any classified grid can be used to perform different kinds of statistical analysis. For example, to produce a statistical breakdown for each sector, use a best server layer as the classification grid. This breaks the statistics down by best server area.

n

n

6

To generate traffic statistics, enable the Use Traffic Map check box and choose a traffic map from the Traffic Map list. To generate additional statistics, broken down by a numeric classification, enable the Use Numeric Grid check box, click Browse to navigate to the file, choose the file and click OK.

To filter the analysis area based on a grid file, enable the Apply Area Filter check box. The area filter is applied globally to all layers.

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7

If you want to define individual area filters for each layer, enable the Set Area Filter By Layer check box.

8

If you are applying area filters globally to all layers, do the following: n

n

9

To define the area raster, click Browse, navigate to the grid file, and click OK. To define the condition for the filter, type an expression in the Condition box. For example, choosing the SignalStrength.grd file and defining the expression would only consider pixels within the analysis area that have a signal strength greater than 100.

To discard statistical results that only contain zero values, enable the Discard Result That Only Contains Zero Statistics check box. With this check box enabled, records where all columns contain zero values will be removed from the statistical report.

10 In the tree view, expand the Layers node and choose the analysis layer for which you want to obtain statistics. 11 If you want to define classification settings for the analysis layer, define any of the available settings in the Classifications Settings section. 12 If you want to define area filters for individual layers and have enabled the Set Area Filter By Layer check box on the Analysis Settings panel, click the Area Filters button. Area filter settings are saved in LayerStatistics.set file located in the Settings/Layer Statistics folders within the project folder. 13 Click Calculate Statistics. The Report Preview dialog box opens



14 Change the Report Preview display as required using the available toolbar buttons 15 To view statistics on column data, choose one or more data columns and click the Generate Statistics button. The Generate Statistics dialog box opens where you can view the mean value, the minimum value, the maximum value, the median value, the root mean square, and the standard deviation for each column. 16 If the report statistics include the site and sector data, you can create a sector display scheme to apply to report data by doing the following: n

n

Choose the column of data for which you want to create a sector display scheme. Click the Generate Sector Display Scheme button.

17 Define the sector display scheme name and ,in the Sector Display Scheme dialog box, define the parameters upon which you want the scheme to be based.

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18 To view the layer statistics upon which the scheme is based, click the Data button. 19 Review the data and click Close. 20 In the Sector Display Scheme dialog box, save or apply the sector display scheme as required. 21 If the report includes site and sector data, you can display labels in the Map window based on a selected data column by doing the following: n

n

Choose the column of data that you want to use as the basis for the site labels. Click the Generate Labels button.

22 To export the data to Excel, in the Report Preview dialog box, click the Export Data To A File button and define export settings as required.



Layer Statistics Analysis Use the Layer Statistics dialog box to define and calculate statistics for the chosen layers in an analysis. NOTE: This section details key parameters. For descriptions of all available parameters, see the online Help. Add Layer—click this button to add a layer to the Layers node in the tree view. Layer statistics are only calculated for the layers in the Layers node when you click the Calculate Statistics button. Remove Layer—click this button to remove a chosen layer from the Layers node in the tree view. Layer statistics are not calculated for layers that you remove from the Layer node. Removing a layer does not delete it from an analysis in the Project Explorer.

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Analysis Settings Use this section to define the geographic region used to calculate layer statistics. Analysis Area—choose from this list an area to define the geographic region used to calculate layer statistics. n

n

n

Current Window—choose this option to use the area displayed in the current Map window to calculate layer statistics. Entire Layer—choose this option to use the area of the chosen analysis layer or layers to generate layer statistics. Selected Rectangle—choose this option to use the area enclosed by a chosen rectangle to generate layer statistics. Use the MapInfo rectangle drawing tool to draw a rectangle on the Cosmetic layer, then choose the rectangle with the MapInfo Selection tool before generate statistics.

Exclude Null Values—enable this check box to remove bins with null values from the analysis layer calculations and exclude them from the statistical report. Use Classified Grid—enable this check box to choose a classified grid (.grc) file for which to calculate statistics. The following columns are calculated: n

n

Percentage Sub Area—displays the percentage of the sub area covered by the clutter class. Percentage Total Area—displays the total area covered by the clutter class.

Classified Grid—this field displays the name of the .grc file chosen for layer statistic calculation.



Browse—click this button to locate a .grc file for which to calculate layer statistics. This button is only available when the Use Classified Grid check box is enabled. Use Traffic Map—enable this check box to choose a traffic map for which to calculate traffic statistics, which includes total traffic counts of each category. Traffic Map—choose from this list a traffic map to use for calculating traffic statistics. This list is only available when the Use Traffic Map check box is enabled. Type—this box displays the measurement units used by the traffic map chosen from the Traffic Map list. Use Numeric Grid—enable this check box to choose a numeric grid (.grd) file for which to calculate statistics. Statistics are calculated only for bins defined in the analysis area. "Null" bins are excluded if the Discard Results That Only Contain Zero Values check box is enabled. The following columns are calculated: n

n

n

n

Percentage Sub Area—shows the percentage of the area covered by the clutter class. Percentage Total Area—shows the total area covered by the clutter class. Numeric Grid Sum—shows the sum of numeric grid values. For example, if the numeric grid selected is a traffic map and the grid used as input is a best server grid, then for each sector this column shows the amount of traffic served. Numeric Grid Mean—shows the mean of the numeric grid values. For example, if the numeric grid selected is an "average data rate" grid, and the grid used as input is a best server grid, then for each sector this column shows the average data rate over the best serving area of each

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sector. n

n

n

n

n

Numeric Grid Minimum—shows the minimum numeric grid value. For example, if the numeric grid selected is a traffic map, and the grid used as input is a best server grid, then for each sector this column would show the minimum amount of traffic found in the best serving area of each sector. Numeric Grid Maximum—shows the maximum numeric grid value. For example, if the numeric grid selected is a traffic map, and the grid used as input is a best server grid, then for each sector this column shows the maximum amount of traffic found in the best serving area of each sector. Numeric Grid Median—shows the median numeric grid value. For example, if the numeric grid selected is a traffic map, and the grid used as input is a best server grid, then for each sector this column shows the median amount of traffic found in the best serving area of each sector. Numeric Grid RMS Value—shows the RMS (Root Mean Square) of the numeric grid values. For example, if the numeric grid selected is an "average data rate" grid, and the grid used as input is a best server grid, then for each sector this column shows the RMS of the average data rate over the best serving area of each sector. Numeric Grid Standard Deviation—shows the standard deviation of the numeric grid values. For example, if the numeric grid selected is an "average data rate" grid, and the grid used as input is a best server grid, then for each sector this column shows the standard deviation of the average data rate over the best serving area of each sector. Numeric Grid—this field displays the name of the .grd file chosen for layer statistic calculation. Browse—click this button to locate a .grd file for which to calculate layer statistics. This button is only available when the Use Numeric Grid check box is enabled. Apply Area Filter—enable this check box to filter the analysis area using a grid file and a condition applied to the grid file. This filter is applied globally to all layers.



Set Area Filter By Layer—enable this check box when you want to define individual filters for each layer. Area Raster—this box displays the name of the grid (.grc or .grd) file chosen to filter the analysis area. Browse—click this button to locate the grc or .grd file with which to filter the analysis area. This button is only available when the Apply Area Filter check box is enabled. Condition—type in this box an expression to apply to the chosen grc or .grd file. This box is only available when the Apply Area Filter check box is enabled and the Set Area Filter By Layer check box is cleared. The table below lists the operators that can be used in this box to define an expression. Operator v

Meaning Reserved character to stand for "value"

==

Equal

!=

Not equal

>

Greater than

>= <

Greater than or equal to Less than

<=

Less than or equal to

&&

And

||

Or

The table below contains some examples of typical conditions for numeric grid files chosen to filter the analysis area. Condition

Meaning

v > 100 && v < 200

Only include pixels from the Area Raster grid file that have a value greater than 100 and less than 200

v > 200 || v < 100

Only include pixels from the Area Raster grid file that have a value greater than 200 or less than 100

v >= 100

Only include pixels from the Area

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Condition

Meaning Raster grid file that have a value of no less than 100

The table below contains some examples of typical conditions for classified grid files chosen to filter the analysis area. Condition

Meaning

v == "open" || v == "urban" Only include pixels from the Area Raster grid file that have a value of "open" or "urban" v != "open" && v != "urban"

Only include pixels from the Area Raster grid file that do not have a value of "open" or "urban"

v != "urban"

Only include pixels from the Area Raster grid file that do not have a value of "urban"

Discard Result That Only Contains Zero Statistics—enable this check box to delete rows from the report that contain a value of zero in every column. Export Format—choose from this list the format in which to output generated statistics. The available output formats are as follows: l

l

l

Excel—choose this format to automatically display statistics in Microsoft Excel after they are generated. HtmL—choose this format to save generate statistics in HTML (.htm) files. These files are not displayed automatically. One .htm file is created for each layer in the Layers node of the tree view. These files are stored in the Reports\LayerStatistics\Html folder in the project. MapInfo Table—choose this format to save generated statistics in MapInfo table (.tab) files. These files are not displayed automatically. One .tab file is created for each layer in the Layers node of the tree view. These files are stored in the Reports\LayerStatistics\MapInfo folder in the project.



If the generated statistics cannot be output in the chosen format, a text file will be created and automatically displayed. Calculate Statistics—click this button to use the defined analysis settings to calculate statistics for the analysis layers in the Layers node of the tree view.

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Layer Statistics Analysis Use the Layer Statistics dialog box to define and calculate statistics for the chosen analysis layers. NOTE: This section details key parameters. For descriptions of all available parameters, see the online Help. Add Layer—click this button to add a layer to Layers node in the tree view. Layer statistics are only calculated for the layers in the Layers node when Calculate Statistics button is clicked. Remove Layer—click this button to remove a chosen layer from the Layers node in the tree view. Layer statistics are not calculated for layers that you remove from the Layer node. Removing a layer does not delete it from an analysis in the Project Explorer.



Layers Each layer in the Layers node of the tree view has its own Layers panel. Use these panels to view information about and to define classification settings for each layer.

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Layer Information File Name—this box displays the file name of the chosen layer. Data Type—this box displays the type of data that the chosen layer contains. Layers can contain classified or numeric data. Units—this box displays the measurement units used by the chosen layer. Resolution—this box displays the size of the bins in the layer chosen in the tree view. Area—this box displays the size of the geographic area covered by the chosen layer. Classifications—this list displays the classifications contained in the chosen layer. This list is only available when the Data Type of the chosen layer is Classified. Zmin—this box displays the minimum Z value that the chosen layer contains. This box is only available when the Data Type of the chosen layer is Numeric. Zmax—this box displays the maximum Z value that the chosen layer contains. This box is only available when the Data Type of the chosen layer is Numeric.



Classification Settings Use this section to define classification settings for the layer chosen in the tree view. Split Classification To Get Site And Sector Names—enable this check box to split classifications that combine Site_ID and Sector_ID into separate Site_ID and Sector_ID values in the analysis report. This check box is only available when the Data Type of the chosen layer is Classified. The table below contains an example of how classifications that combine Site_ID and Sector_ID would be separated.

Combined ID

Split Site

Sector

Site_1_1

Site_1

1

Site_1_2

Site_1

2

Site_1_3

Site_1

3

Site_2_1

Site_2

1

Site_2_2

Site_2

2

Site_2_3

Site_2

3

Threshold Definition—type in this box a list of values separated by semi-colons define the data ranges for which to calculate statistics. The default thresholds are set by equally dividing the range of Z values contained in the chosen layer. This box is only available when the Data Type of the chosen layer is Numeric. For example, if the Zmin box displays 0 and the ZMax box displays 100, the default thresholds would be set to 25; 50; 75. Using the example default thresholds, statistics would be calculated for the following four data ranges: n

0 (Zmin) ~ 25

n

25 ~ 50

n

50 ~ 75

n

75 ~ 100 (Zmax)

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If you have data that has a value that is the same as a threshold value, it will be associated with the first range found in the threshold definition (based on ascending order). Therefore, for example, a value of 25 goes to the 0 (Zmin) ~ 25 range instead of the 25 ~ 50 range. Classification Name—type in this box a name for the classification to display in the analysis report. Area Filters—click this button to define an area filter for individual layers. This button is not available if you have not enabled the Set Area Filter By Layer check box on the Analysis Settings panel. Calculate Statistics—click this button to use the defined analysis settings to calculate statistics for the analysis layers in the Layers node of the tree view. Layer statistics automatically open in the Report Viewer.



Creating reports After generating a Monte Carlo simulation, you can view details of the simulation in the Report Preview dialog box and export the reports to Excel for further analysis.

To create reports 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Monte Carlo Simulations category, right-click a simulation and choose Generate Reports and then choose one of the following options: n

n

n

n

2

Subscribers—contains the reasons subscribers were blocked on either a global or per sector/channel basis. Throughput—contains throughput information sorted by subscriber type, service, and environment on either a global or per subscriber basis. All Run Sector/Channel—contains analysis information for each run performed in the simulation sorted by sector and channel.

In the Report Preview dialog box, do any of the following: n

n

n

3

Sector/Channel—contains analysis information sorted by sector and channel including PA power, preamble power, downlink load, uplink noise rise, etc.

To change the columns displayed in the dialog box, click the Change Options button. To sort the data in ascending order, click the Sort In Ascending Order button. To sort the data in descending order, click the Sort In Descending Order button.

To view statistics on a particular column in the report, choose a data column and click the Generate Statistics button.

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The Generate Statistics window opens where you can view the mean value, the minimum value, the maximum value, the median value, the root mean square, and the standard deviation. 4

If the report statistics include the site and sector data, you can create a sector display scheme to apply to report data by doing the following: n

n

5

Click the Generate Sector Display Scheme button and define the sector display scheme settings you want to use.

If the report statistics include the site and sector data, you can display labels in the Map window based on a selected data column by doing the following: n

n

6

Choose the column of data for which you want to create a sector display scheme.

Choose the column of data that you want to use as the basis for the site labels. Click the Generate Labels button.

To export the data to Excel, in the Report Preview dialog box, click the Export Data To A File button. The Export Options dialog box opens.



7

In the Select Export format section, choose one of the following options: n

n

8

CSV—to export statistics to Comma Separated Values (.csv) file.

If you are exporting to Excel, do the following: n

n

n

n

9

Excel—to export statistics to an Excel (.xls) file.

To open the file once the export is complete, enable the Open File Or Folder Upon Export check box. In the Export Settings section, click Browse to define a file name. To use a template, enable the Use A Template check box and click Browse to specify the template file. If the template uses macros, enable the Use Macros check box.

If you are exporting to .csv files, do the following: n

n

In the Export Settings section, enable the Export Header Row if you want to include a header in the exported files. Click Browse to define a folder for the exported output.

10 Click OK.

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Deleting simulation layers Files generated from a simulation can take up a lot of hard disk space. You can delete simulations that are no longer required.

To delete simulation layers 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Monte Carlo Simulations category, do any of the following: n

n

2

Choose one or more simulation layers, right-click and choose Delete. Expand a simulation node, choose one or more simulation layers, right-click and choose Delete.

In the Mentum Planet dialog box, click Yes. The simulation layers you chose are removed from the Project Explorer and the files are deleted from the project folder.



Chapter 12 Generating Fixed Subscriber Analyses There could be many reasons for generating a fixed subscriber analysis. It depends on the environment you are modeling and the resources at hand. You could, for example, be modeling a fixed network. Or, due to capacity requirements, you could be modeling a hybrid network with support for both mobile users and fixed subscribers. By generating a Mentum Planet fixed subscriber analysis, you can evaluate and analyze network performance at discrete subscriber locations with a variety of equipment configurations. This chapter covers the following topics: Understanding fixed subscriber analyses

384

Editing fixed subscribers

387

Generating and viewing a fixed subscriber analysis

388

Fixed Analysis Wizard

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Analysis

391


392

Preamble CINR Measurements

393

Probability of Collision

394

Prediction At

395

Analyzing a single fixed subscriber

396

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Understanding fixed subscriber analyses An unprecedented demand for wireless data and many advances in mobile communication technologies are behind the need to move third generation (3G) networks to forth generation (4G) wireless solutions. Two popular 4G technologies, LTE and WiMAX, not only enable true mobile broadband capabilities but also the convergence of fixed and mobile services. The all-IP based packet core network architecture and the high-efficient flexible air interface of 4G networks offers operators great opportunities and capabilities to deploy integrated applications that provide high-speed mobility services, as well as fixed broadband wireless access services. In addition to the nature of fixed locations, the services and applications used by fixed subscribers, quality of service requirement, can be very different from the ones that are typically used by mobile subscribers. The behaviors and usage patterns of two types of subscribers can also be very different. Therefore, when planning or optimizing a 4G-based system that provides hybrid mobility and fixed access services, you need to ensure that the network not only meest the performance requirement imposed by mobile subscribers, but also supports and delivers the robust quality of service to fixed subscribers. Mentum Planet fixed subscriber analyses provide you with the tools you need to evaluate and analyze network performance at discrete subscriber locations with variety of CPE configurations.

Before you generate an analysis The first step in creating a fixed subscriber analysis is to create a fixed subscriber table. You then place subscribers on the map. Subscriber information along with the equipment configuration is saved in a subscriber table as a comma separated value file and stored in the Fixed Subscriber Tables folder within the project. You can edit subscriber information using the Subscriber Editor or by editing the subscriber table directly. You can set the subscriber prediction type to be either ground level or equipment antenna height. This enables you to model different types of fixed



terminal equipment. The equipment antenna height type of prediction is particularly useful when an external antenna is used on the Customer Premise Equipment (e.g., when the equipment is mounted on top of a building). For these types of predictions, point-to-point predictions are generated on-the-fly from all the neighboring sectors to the terminal equipment. Neighbors are those sectors with a prediction distance that is greater than the distance between the sector and the terminal equipment location. TIP: You can import an existing fixed subscriber database or you can define subscribers in the Tabular Editor or Excel worksheet.

How the analysis is performed Instead of analyzing every bin in a area for a particular type of subscriber equipment, service, and environment, and then generating a set of analysis layers in a mobile network analysis, the fixed subscriber analysis analyzes network performance at discrete subscriber locations defined in the fixed subscriber table. If required, for each subscriber, you can define a unique configuration (e.g., locations, CPE with integrated antenna, or CPE with directional antenna mounted at roof top). For example, at the same location, you may have multiple subscribers but each subscriber is at a different height. This is a configuration that would be required if subscribers, for example, in the same apartment building are located on a different floor (i.e., at a different level). For every subscribers, the analysis predicts the signal strengths at the location, and determine the best parent server and the potential second best server. The downlink and uplink performance, in terms of best available modulation, maximum achievable data rate, coverage probability, margins, etc. are then analyzed. The analysis results of each subscriber are stored in the fixed subscriber table.

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Editing fixed subscribers Before you can accurately analyze fixed subscribers, you need to ensure that the subscriber configuration mirrors the real-world characteristics of the users. NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help. TIP: To edit subscriber information for many subscribers, right-click the subscriber table and choose one of the following commands: n n

Edit to modify information in the Tabular Editor Open In Excel to modify information in Excel

To edit fixed subscribers using the Subscriber Editor 1

In the Map window, right-click a subscriber and choose Edit Fixed Subscriber.

2

In the Subscriber Editor, define subscriber parameters as required and click OK.

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Generating and viewing a fixed subscriber analysis When you create a new fixed subscriber analysis, it is displayed in the Project Explorer in the Fixed Subscribers category. You can create any number of analyses for a project. NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help.

To generate a fixed subscriber analysis 1

In the Project Explorer, right-click the subscribers table and choose Analyze.

2

In the Sector Selection dialog box, specify those sectors you want to analyze and click Next.

3


4

On the Analysis page, provide the required information.



5

Click Finish.

To view analysis results n

Right-click the subscriber table and choose Open In Excel.

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Fixed Analysis Wizard The Fixed Analysis Wizard steps you through the process of generating an analysis. By studying a fixed subscriber analysis, you can determine the network performance at a discrete location (i.e., at the point where the fixed subscriber terminal is located).



Analysis Frequency Band—choose from this list the frequency band you want to include in the analysis.

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Best Server Selection Based On Preamble Signal Strength—choose this option if you want the simulation to select the best server according to the preamble signal strength. Preamble C(N+I)—choose this option if you want the simulation to select the best server according to the signal-to-interference ratio on the preamble signal. Uplink Coverage Required—enable this check box if uplink coverage is required in order for the simulation to determine the best server.



Preamble CINR Measurements Reuse 1 Scheme—choose this option if you want Preamble C/(N+I) measurements only. Sector preamble assignments are not taken into consideration. Reuse 3 Scheme—choose this option if you want Preamble C/(N+I) measurements to be influenced by sector preamble assignments.

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Probability of Collision Segmented PUSC Curve—displays the name of the curve file selected for segmented PUSC zones. Browse—click this button to open a .cls file. Edit— click this button to open the Curve Editor. Other Permutation Zones Curve—displays the name of the curve file selected for other permutation zones. Browse—click this button to open a .cls file. Edit— click this button to open the Curve Editor.



Prediction At Ground Level—choose this option if you want to generate ground-level predictions. CPE Antenna Height Level—choose this option if you want to generate point-to-point predictions for each subscriber at their equipment antenna height. The CPE Antenna Height Level prediction option is the more accurate of the two options and is useful when the equipment uses an external antenna that is mounted, for example, on the roof of a building. When you choose this option, neighboring sectors are those sectors with a prediction distance greater than the distance between the sector and the equipment location.

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Analyzing a single fixed subscriber In order to evaluate the impact of a subscriber, you can generate an analysis of a single subscriber. NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help.

To analyze a single subscriber 1

In the Map window, right-click a subscriber, and choose Edit Fixed Subscriber.

2

In the Subscriber Editor, click the Analyze tab, and specify the frequency band, sector selection as well as the prediction parameter, and then click Analyze. The Values column is updated with data from the analysis.


Generating Frequency And PreamblePhysical Cell ID Plans Automatically

Chapter 13 Generating Frequency And PreamblePhysical Cell ID Plans Automatically This chapter explains how to create a frequency plan using the Interactive Frequency and Preamble Planning tool. This chapter explains how to create a frequency plan and physical cell ID plan using the Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning tool. This chapter covers the following topics: Understanding automatic frequency and physical cell ID planning

399

Understanding frequency and physical cell ID planning constraints and costs

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Addressing frequency planning requirements

401


403

Creating a frequency plan

404


408

General

409

Interference Matrix

410

Plan Generation Option

411


412

Frequency

413

Interference Threshold

414

Carrier Allocation Cost

415

Algorithm Ending

416


417


418

Optimization

419

Algorithm Ending

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Setting up general frequency and physical cell ID planning parameters

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Generating and viewing a frequency or physical cell ID plan

423

Applying a frequency or physical cell ID plan to sectors

424



Understanding automatic frequency and physical cell ID planning With the goal of increasing network capacity, the frequencies and physical cell IDs used in a LTE network need to be reused efficiently.

Frequency planning Building a frequency plan manually is a labor intensive, error-prone process. Using the Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning tool, you can generate a frequency or cell ID plan automatically.

Cell ID planning In an LTE network, reference signal symbols inserted on the downlink, are used for channel estimation and signal demodulation. They are combined with a pseudo-random sequence and a orthogonal sequence in order to enable cell searches. It is during cell searches that the primary synchronization signal provides the cell identity (i.e., 0, 1, or 2) and the secondary synchronization signal determines the cell identity group. In order to minimize interference, cells belonging to the same site are assigned cell identities from the same cell identity group. TIP: To achieve an equitable balance, you should plan frequencies and cell IDs at the same time.

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Understanding frequency and physical cell ID planning constraints and costs Constraints and costs play a pivotal role in frequency and physical cell ID planning.

Frequency, preamble, and perm base planning constraints The constraints considered by the Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning tool include the settings in the Interference Threshold section and the carrier separations (i.e., the spacing required to separate each carrier at the site and sector level) defined on the Frequency tab.

Frequency and physical cell ID planning violation costs Violation costs are the cost factors that are incurred whenever a frequency or physical cell ID planning constraint is not respected. Frequency or physical cell ID planning constraints are defined in the Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning dialog box. The violation cost values you enter in the Interference threshold section for either co-channel or adjacent channel interference is multiplied by the interference defined in the interference matrix. Each cost contributes to the overall cost associated with the assignment of a specific channel to a sector.



Addressing frequency planning requirements Various planning scenarios exist, each having specific requirements in terms of frequency or physical cell ID planning. Using Mentum Planet and the Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning tool, you can overcome the challenges of frequency and physical cell ID planning in each specific case. You can choose to allocate frequencies or physical cell IDs to new sectors only. In this case, the assignments for existing sectors are not changed; however, they are considered in the new plan. NOTE: The Automatic Frequency and Cell ID Planning tool does not support single channel, non-segmented frames or multiple channel, segmented frames.

Single-channel PUSC subchannel group planning In an OFDMA network, subcarriers are grouped into subchannels. Subchannels are shared by multiple users in different time slots. Subcarriers are assigned to subchannels using various permutation schemes including the Partial Usage of Subchannels (PUSC) permutation scheme where subchannels are divided into six groups. There is no interference between sectors using different subchannel groups when the same permutation scheme is used to form the subchannel groups and there is perfect orthogonality amongst the subcarriers. Using a PUSC scheme reduces interferences at the cost of sector throughput. To counter the loss of throughput, you can use Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) where users close to the base station operate on all available subchannels while users at the edge operate on a fraction of all available subchannels. Assigning frequencies in this scenario in such a manner as to minimize the possible interference between sectors using the same subchannel groups presents challenges, which you can overcome using the AFPP Planning tool.

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NOTE: In single channel scenarios, only segmented frames are supported.

Multi-channel frequency planning One of the ways to reduce co-channel interference is to use make multiple channels available across the network. The challenge of doing so is then to plan and assign frequencies using the most optimal configuration; one where both the co-channel and adjacent channel interference is minimized. Using the AFPP Planning tool, you can achieve this goal. NOTE: In multi-channel scenarios, only non-segmented frames are supported.




Step 1

Create a group of sites that you will use for your interference matrix, neighbor list, and frequency or physical cell ID planning. See Chapter 1, “Working with Sites and Sectors”, in the Mentum Planet User Guide.

Step 2

Create an interference matrix and a neighbor list using the same group of sites. See Chapter 7, “Working with Interference Matrices”, and Chapter 8, “Working with Neighbor Lists”, in the Mentum Planet User Guide.

Step 3

Define settings and create a frequency or physical cell ID plan. See “Creating a frequency or physical cell ID plan”.

Step 4

Apply the frequency or physical cell ID plan to the sectors in your network. See “Applying a frequency or physical cell ID plan to sectors”.

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Creating a frequency plan To create a frequency or physical cell ID plan with the Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning tool, you must first choose a group of sites, and an interference matrix, and a neighbor list. The Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning tool looks at the weightings contained in the interference matrix to determine the co-channel and adjacent channel interference. It then assigns a violation cost when the thresholds you have defined are breached. You can save the current frequency or physical cell ID assignments for your sectors as a plan, and make the plan available under the LTE Frequency and Physical Cell ID Plans node in the Project Explorer. For more information on how to create a group of sites, see Chapter 1, “Working with Sites and Sectors”, in the Mentum Planet User Guide. For more information on interference matrices, see Chapter 7, “Working with Interference Matrices”, in the Mentum Planet User Guide. For more information on neighbor lists, see Chapter 8, “Working with Neighbor Lists”, in the Mentum Planet User Guide. NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help.

To create a frequency plan 1

In the Project Explorer, in the RF Tools category, right-click the LTE FDD Frequency And Physical Cell ID Plans node and choose New. The LTE FDD Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning dialog box opens.



2

Click any of the following tabs and define the required parameters: n

n

n

General—allows you to define the name, frequency band and group to plan for. You can also specify the neighbor list and interference matrix you want to use. Frequency—allows you to define the interference thresholds, the carrier allocation costs as well as solution criteria. This tab is only available when you choose the Frequency Plan or Frequency Plan and Physical Cell ID Plan option on the General tab. Physical Cell ID—allows you to define the additional constraints for physical cell ID planning. This tab is only available when you choose the Physical Cell ID Plan or the Frequency Plan and Physical Cell ID Plan option on the General tab.

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n

3

Progress—allows you to view the progress and messages that occur during the creation of the plan. You can also see the cost associated with the initial plan as well as the cost associated with the plan generated at each iteration. This is useful because you can see whether the tool has completed sufficient iterations to create a plan that meets your requirements.

Click one of the following buttons: n

n

n

To save the frequency or physical cell ID plan, click Save. To create a frequency plan or physical cell ID plan, click Generate. This button is not available when there are no interference matrices in the project. To close the dialog box without saving a frequency or physical cell ID plan, click Cancel.

TIP: You can copy an existing frequency or physical cell ID plan using the Save Copy As command available by right-clicking an existing frequency or physical cell ID plan and choosing Save Plan As. This can be useful if you want to experiment with different scenarios.

To save current frequency and physical cell ID assignments 1

In the Project Explorer, in the RF Tools category, right-click LTE Frequency and Physical Cell ID Plans and choose Save Current.

2

In the Save Current Network As dialog box, do the following: n

n

3

In the Plan Name box, type a name for the plan. From the Frequency Band list, choose the frequency for which you want to create a plan.

Click OK.


Generating Frequency And PreamblePhysical Cell ID Plans Automatically The frequency and physical cell ID plan is added to the LTE Frequency and Physical Cell ID Plans node.

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Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning Use the Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning dialog box to define the settings you want to use to create a frequency plan. Automatic frequency planning uses the settings that you define to create a plan automatically with the lowest cost that violates the fewest constraints. An optimal frequency plan efficiently reuses frequencies while minimizing the total interference experienced in a network. You can also create a physical cell ID plan. LTE supports 504 different physical cell IDs ranging from 0 to 503. The generation of a frequency or physical cell ID plan is realized through a series of iterations. Each iteration creates a plan.



General Plan Name—type in this box a name for the frequency and physical Cell ID plan. This box is unavailable when you are viewing the properties of an existing plan. Group to Plan—choose from this list the sector group for which you want to plan frequencies and/or physical cell IDs. To plan for all sectors, choose All Sectors. This box is unavailable when you are viewing the properties of an existing plan. Generally, the group to consider will encompass a larger area then the group to plan but will include the area covered by the sectors for which you are planning frequencies. Frequency Band—choose from this list the frequency band for which to create the frequency plan.

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Interference Matrix Name—choose from this list the interference matrix you want to use in the planning process. Absolute Cost—choose this option to use the affected area or the affected traffic from the interference matrix as displayed. Using this option results in a more optimal distribution of CNIR (weighted by area or traffic) Relative Cost—choose this option to use the affected area or the affected traffic from the interference matrix as a percentage. Neighbor List—choose from this list the neighbor list to include in the planning process.



Plan Generation Option Frequency Plan—choose this option to generate a frequency plan only. Physical Cell ID Plan—choose this option to generate a physical cell ID plan only. Frequency Plan and Physical Cell ID Plan—choose this option to generate both a frequency plan and a physical cell ID plan.

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Frequency Use this tab to define interference thresholds and carrier allocation costs to be used by the frequency planning algorithm. The carrier spacing between any two carriers is calculated according to their center frequencies. A constraint is violated if the separation between two carriers assigned to the same sector or site is less than the predefined minimum separation. This tab is not visible when you choose the Physical Cell ID option on the General tab.

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Interference Threshold Use this section to define interference thresholds and associated violation costs to be used by the frequency planning algorithm. These settings represent the amount of interference between any two sectors in terms of cochannel and adjacent channel interference. By default, the relative affected area or relative affected traffic value is used to evaluate the level of interference between a pair of sectors. If the plan you are creating is encompasses more than a single carrier, the Adjacent Channel row is not available. Threshold (%)—click in this field to define the maximum amount of interference allowed before a violation cost is incurred. Violation Cost—click in this field to define the cost incurred when the threshold is surpassed.



Carrier Allocation Cost Same Sector—type in this box the violation cost incurred when the associated carrier separation is violated on the same sector. This setting represents the minimum separation between carriers that are assigned to the same sector. The separation unit is a carrier bandwidth (i.e., a separation of 2 equals two carrier bandwidths). The minimum same sector carrier separation is 1. If a sector needs more than one carrier , the minimum separation between carriers is 1 x carrier bandwidth. The same carrier will not be used twice by the same sector. Same Site—type in this box the violation cost incurred when the associated carrier separation is violated on the same site. This setting represents the minimum separation between carriers that are assigned to the same site. The separation unit is a carrier bandwidth (i.e., a separation of 2 equals two carrier bandwidths). Neighbor—type in this box the violation cost incurred when the associated carrier separation is violated between neighbors. This setting represents the minimum separation between carriers that are assigned to neighbor. The separation unit is a carrier bandwidth (i.e., a separation of 2 equals two carrier bandwidths). If no neighbor list is selected on the General tab, this column is not available. Add—click this button to add a row to the Carrier Allocation Cost table. Remove—click this button to remove the Carrier Allocation Cost table. Keep Existing Carrier Assignments—enable this check box if you want to keep the existing carrier assignments.

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Algorithm Ending Manual—choose this option to stop the planning process by clicking Stop or when the maximum number of runs has been reached. Convergence—choose this option to stop the planning process using the convergence criteria you define. The algorithm will stop when one of the three defined criteria is met. Minimum Number of Runs—type in this box the minimum number of iterations you want to generate. Maximum Number of Runs—type in this box the maximum number of iterations you want to generate whether convergence is reached or not. Required Convergence Level—type in this box the required level of convergence in order to end the planning process.




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Optimization Use Same Cell Identity Group for Co-Site Sectors—enable this check box to assign the same cell identity group to co-site sectors. Avoid Same Physical Cell ID for Neighbor Sectors—enable this check box to eliminate or minimize instances where the same physical cell ID is assigned to neighboring sectors. Different Downlink Reference Signal Sequences—enable this check box to use different reference signal sequences on the downlink. When you choose this option, the algorithm assigns physical cell IDs so that different downlink reference signal sequences will be used by interfering sectors. Different Uplink Reference Signal Sequences—enable this check box to use different reference signal sequences on the uplink. When you choose this option, the algorithm assigns physical cell IDs so that different uplink reference signal sequences will be used by interfering sectors. Keep Existing Physical Cell ID Assignments—enable this check box if you want to keep the existing physical cell ID assignments. Reserve Physical Cell ID—type in this box the Physical Cell ID numbers you want to exclude from the planning process. You can type reserved physical cell ID numbers separated by a comma (e.g., 5,6,7) or you can enter a range (e.g., 5-7).

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Algorithm Ending Manual—choose this option if you want to click Stop to end the planning process. As the Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning tool works to generate a solution, the Generate button changes to a Stop button. Clicking this button will end the planning process. Convergence—choose this option to define the end point of the planning process and define the convergence criteria. Minimum Number of Runs—type in this box the minimum number of iterations you want to generate. Maximum Number of Runs—type in this box the maximum number of iterations you want to generate whether convergence is reached or not. Required Convergence Level—type in this box the required level of convergence in order to end the planning process.



Setting up general frequency and physical cell ID planning parameters Before generating a frequency or physical cell ID plan, you must define general planning settings such as the plan name, specify the group to plan for, as well as the neighbor list and interference matrix to use in the planning process.

To set up general frequency and physical cell ID parameters 1

In the Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning dialog box, click the General tab.

2

In the Plan Name box, define a name for the plan.

3

From the Groups To Plan list, choose the group for which you want to plan or, to plan for all sectors in the project, choose All Sectors.

4

From the Frequency Band list, choose the band for which you want to generate a plan.

5

In the Interference Matrix section, from the Name list, choose the interference matrix that you want to use in the planning process.

6

In the Interference Matrix section, choose one of the following options: n

n

Absolute Cost—uses the affected area from the interference matrix (in kilometers squared) and results in a more optimal distribution of CNIR (weighted by area or traffic) Relative Cost—uses the affected area from the interference matrix (as a percentage).

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7

To use a neighbor list, enable the Neighbor List check box and, from the associated list, choose the neighbor list you want to use.

8

In the Plan Generation Option section, choose one of the following options: n

Frequency Plan—to generate only a frequency plan

n

Physical Cell ID Plan—to generate only a physical cell ID plan

n

Frequency Plan and Physical Cell ID Plan—to generate both a frequency plan and a physical cell ID plan



Generating and viewing a frequency or physical cell ID plan Once you have generated a frequency or physical cell ID plan, you can define display options, choose which reports to view, save a report, and apply the plan to a project.

To generate a frequency or physical cell ID plan 1

In the Automatic Frequency and Physical Cell ID Planning dialog box, click Generate. The Generate button is unavailable if there are no interference matrices in the project.

2

To manually stop plan generation, click the Stop button.

3

When the frequency or physical cell ID plan has stopped, click Save to save the frequency plan and Close to close the dialog box.

4

In the Project Explorer, in the RF Tools category, rightclick the frequency plan you just generated, and choose one of the following commands: n

n

View in Map Window—to view a display of carrier, physical cell IDs, physical cell ID groups, or physical layer identities associated with each sector in the Map window. Display Report—to view the report in the Report Preview dialog box.

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Applying a frequency or physical cell ID plan to sectors After you create a frequency or physical cell ID plan, you can apply it to the sectors in the group that you used to create the frequency or physical cell ID plan. You can also remove any existing carrier assignments from the sectors in the group.

To apply a frequency plan to sectors 1

In the Project Explorer, in the RF Tools category, right-click the frequency plan you just generated, and choose Apply.

2

In the Information dialog box, click Yes.

TIP: To view the settings used to generate the frequency plan, right-click the frequency or physical cell ID plan and choose Properties.


Working With The Tabular Editor

Chapter 14 Working With The Tabular Editor A key stage of network planning revolves around the analysis of network data and the subsequent updates to network and site parameters that eventually produce a network model with which you are satisfied. The Tabular Editor is a powerful tool that you can use to globally edit project parameters. This chapter covers the following topics: Working with the Tabular Editor

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Working with the Tabular Editor Using the Tabular Editor, you can quickly and easily modify project data. By freezing panes, you can compare values and analyze results. Information is organized on separate worksheets (see Figure 14.1). The worksheets and columns that the Tabular Editor displays depends on how you open the dialog box. For example, you can open the Tabular Editor from the Sites node in the Project Data category and view all site, sector, and antenna information. Or, you can open it from the Link Configuration node to view only the link configurations contained in your project. If custom data columns have been created by the Data Manager Administrator, these columns will be available on the Sites and/or Sectors worksheets in the Tabular Editor after you have connected to Data Manager Server. You can add values or edit existing custom column data using the Tabular Editor.

Figure 14.1: Tabular Editor displaying project worksheets NOTE: If you want to globally edit network settings, you must use the Import/Export Wizard. Network settings are not visible in the Tabular Editor.

To edit sites, flags, or link configurations 1

In the Project Explorer, do any of the following:


Working With The Tabular Editor

n

n

n

2

To edit Flags, in the Sites category, right-click the Sites node and choose Tabular Edit. To edit link configurations, in the Project Data category, right-click Link Configurations and choose Tabular Edit.

To modify data, in the Tabular Editor, do any of the following: n

n

Double-click in a table cell and type a new value. Click the down arrow in a table cell and choose a new value.

n

Enable or clear the check box for the chosen setting.

n

Right-click in a table cell to copy and paste data.

n

3

To edit site parameters, in the Sites category, right-click the Sites node and choose Tabular Edit.

Click the down arrow next to a table heading to display all the data or a particular subset. When a filter has been applied, the down arrow changes to the filter icon.

To change the Tabular Editor display, do any of the following: n

n

n

n

n

Click the Change Options button to specify which worksheets and columns to display in the Tabular Editor. Click the Sort Ascending button to reorder the rows based on the data in the selected column. Click the Sort Descending button to reorder the rows based on the data in the selected column. Place the pointer between column headings to increase or decrease the size of the column. Enable the Freeze Panes check box to lock rows and columns in one area so that they remain visible when you scroll. This is useful, for example, if you want to freeze a

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particular column and then scroll through subsequent columns comparing the values. 4

To copy data to the clipboard, click the Copy To Clipboard button.

5

To paste from the clipboard, click the Paste From Clipboard button.

6

To view statistics on column data, choose one or more data columns and click the Generate Statistics button. The Generated Statistics dialog box opens where you can view statistical information for each column you chose.

7

To display labels in the Map window based on column data, click a tab in the Tabular Editor that contains site or sector columns, choose a data column, and click the Generate Labels button. Labels are displayed in the Map window at each site.

8

When you have finished modifying or examining the data, click Close.

NOTE: There are some columns that you cannot edit in the Tabular Editor. These columns are grayed out.

TIP: To quickly copy a value across all rows in a column in the Tabular Editor, type the new value in the first cell of the column, click the column header to select the column, and press CTRL+D. Then, click outside the column to make the updates. Click Apply to save your changes. TIP: To update displayed information with current data, click the Refresh button. This update may be longer than when you click Apply because all data is recomputed.


Importing And Exporting Data

Chapter 15 Importing And Exporting Data You can import and export project data using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets (.xls or .xlsx) or comma separated value (.csv) files. This is useful when you want to analyze data and, based on your analysis, edit site, sector, and network parameters. This chapter covers the following topics: Importing, replacing, and exporting project data

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Importing, replacing, and exporting project data Using the Import/Export Wizard, you can view project data in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets (.xls or .xlsx) or comma separated value (.csv) files. When you export data from your project to a spreadsheet, individual worksheets are created in the .xls file or .xlsx for each category of project data. When you export project data to .csv files, a folder is created containing individual .csv files for each project data category. You can choose the types of project data that you want to import or export. For example, you could import or export only site and sector location data, but not the detailed sector settings. You can also import or export project data only for specific sectors. You can use the Import/Export command-line utility (iecon.exe) to export Mentum Planet data to an .xls file, .xlsx, .csv file, or database. You can then make changes to the data and use iecon.exe again to import the data back into Mentum Planet or Data Manager. The iecon.exe utility is useful if you want to automate the import and export of data using scripts (e.g., if you want to make Mentum Planet data accessible to other systems via a database or import updates to projects from another source). See “Appendix A: Import/Export Command-Line Utility” in the Data Manager Server Administrator Guide. When you use the iecon utility to import sites and sectors, you must always include the Summary.csv file in the data import. TIP: To specify the Import/Export Excel file format, choose Edit Preferences. In the User Preferences dialog box, in the tree view, choose Miscellaneous. In the Import Export Settings section, choose the default Excel file extension (i.e., the Excel 2007-2003 format (.xls) or the new Excel Workbook format (.xlsx)). CAUTION: If your project is stored in Data Manager, and you export it and re-import it using the Import/Export tool, Data Manager will treat it as a new project if you use the Replace All Data option. In this case, if you want to continue using the existing project, you must merge the new project into the existing project. See Chapter 2, “Using Data Manager” in the Data Manager User Guide.



Importing data You can use .xls, .xlsx or .cvs files to add or remove sites, edit project settings, and then import the new or updated data. Each worksheet in an .xls file, .xlsx or each .csv file you use to import project data must contain the required and mandatory columns, and must be formatted correctly for the type of data in a column (i.e., text or numeric). Unless you specifically request that data be replaced on import, data is never removed from a project when you use the Import Wizard. For example, if the worksheet or .csv file from which you are importing does not contain all of the sectors currently in your project, only the sectors listed in the worksheet or .csv file are updated in the project. The other sectors in your project are not affected by the Import Wizard. If you are working with a large project and only want to update specific project data, you can import individual worksheets or .csv files, and include only the sites or sectors that require updating or are being added. For descriptions of worksheets or .csv files and the columns they contain, valid values and ranges, and an indication of required and mandatory columns, see the Import Export Table Parameters folder in the Mentum Planet Help folder. TIP: To ensure the proper worksheet or .csv file format when importing, use previously exported .xls, .xlsx or .csv files to edit or update project data.

Replacing data When you import data, you can choose to replace specific data. This can be useful, for example, if: n

you want to delete sites from your project. When you delete a site, however, you must delete the site from all dependent worksheets.

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n

n

you want to change the prefix used in the site IDs (e.g., from “Site” to “Ott”). When you change site IDs, however, you must change the site ID on all dependent worksheets. you want to share and merge project data.

Exporting data When you export data to a spread sheet, individual worksheets are created in the .xls or .xlsx file for each category of project data. When you export data to a .csv file, a folder is created containing individual .csv files for each category of project data. In addition, a Summary worksheet or .csv file is also created for the exported project. For descriptions of the data types that can be exported, and the corresponding location (dialog box) of the field in the Mentum Planet graphical user interface, see the Import Export Table Parameters folder in the Mentum Planet Help folder. By default, when you export data, the site coordinates are saved in the Longitude/Latitude (WGS 84) projection and the sector coordinates are saved in the projection specified when you originally created the project. If you import an exported .xls file, .xlsx or .csv files, only the site and sector coordinate systems are imported from the Summary worksheet or .csv file.

To export project data 1


n

n

If you want to export project data for all sites and sectors, choose Data Export. If you want to export project data for individual sites, sectors, or groups, in the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, choose one or more groups, sites, or sectors, right-click and choose Export. If you want to export repeater data, in the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, right-click the Repeaters node, and choose Export.



n

If you want to export project data based on enabled flag conditions, in the Project Explorer, in the Sites category, right-click the Flags node, and choose Export.

The Export Wizard opens.

2

On the Data Selection page, in the Tables list, enable the check boxes for each of the tables that you want to export. Each selected table is exported to an individual worksheet in an Excel file or a single comma separated value file. For example, if you enable only Sites and Sectors, then only the basic site and sector information will be exported. When you enable the Sectors check box in the Tables box, by default, the Bin File Name, the Bin Hash Code, the Signal Strength File Name, and the Signal Strength Hash Code columns are not enabled (i.e., they are cleared).

3

In the Columns list, for each of the tables that you chose in Step 2, enable the check boxes for each of the columns that you want to export.

4

Click Next.

5

On each page of the Wizard define the required parameters.

6

On the last page of the Wizard, click Finish.

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To import project data When you import data, the coordinate systems (along with the distance and height units) are imported from the Summary worksheet or .csv file and, if required, sites and sectors are reprojected automatically. A list of supported projections is contained in the mapinfo.prj file located in the \mapinfo folder. Additional information about projections can be found in Appendix B, “Elements of a Coordinate System” in the MapInfo Professional User Guide. CAUTION: All values in the Excel file from which you are importing must use the default units indicated in the worksheet column names, and the file must contain required and mandatory columns. 1

If you want to import general site, sector and project data, choose Data Import Project Data. The Import Wizard opens.

2

On the File Location page, do one of the following: n

If you want to import project data from an .xls or .xlsx file, choose the Microsoft Excel option.



n

3

Click Browse, and do one of the following: n

n

4

If you want to import project data from a folder of .csv files, choose the Comma Separated Values Text Files option.

If you chose the Microsoft Excel option in Step 2, navigate to the .xls or .xlsx file containing the data you want to import, and click Open. If you chose the Comma Separated Values Text Files option in Step 2, navigate to the folder containing the .csv files you want to import, and click OK.

Click Next. The Data Selection page lists the tables available to import and options for replacing project data on import.

5

On the Data Selection page, enable the check boxes for each of the tables that you want to import. You can click Select All or Clear All to speed up the selection process.

6

If you want to overwrite existing data or remove data from a project, enable any of the following check boxes. n

All Data—replaces data in all categories listed in the Replace section.

n

Groups—replaces data listed in the Groups category.

n

Flags—replaces data listed in the Flags category.

n

n

Site Data—replaces site data including data in the following categories: Sites, Sectors, Antennas, etc. Frequency plans, Configuration Links, and Neighbor Lists are also overwritten. Link Configurations—replaces data listed on the link budget worksheet.

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n

Neighbor Lists—replaces neighbor lists.

n

Network Settings—replaces network setting parameters.

When you replace data, the selected data is first deleted from the project and the new data is then imported into the project. Once data has been replaced, the original data cannot be recovered. 7

Click Finish. The project data you chose will be updated or added to your project. The Log dialog box displays the status of the import operation.

NOTE: Status messages are displayed cumulatively in the Log dialog box. Click the Export button to save the log messages to a text file. Click the Clear button to remove all messages from the Log dialog box.



Importing network data into Mentum Planet projects Network data is data collected from wireless network switching equipment. It contains information about network configuration and performance. You use the Network Data Import Wizard to bind network data to Mentum Planet data. The bound network data can then be used in Mentum Planet in traffic maps, interference matrices, neighbor lists, technology-specific features such as Automatic Frequency Preamble and Perm Base Planning tool, and for display purposes. Your network data must be in an Excel spreadsheet or tab-delimited text file. NOTE: Descriptions of relevant parameters are listed after the procedure or, if you are using the software, press F1 for the online Help.

Binding network data Binding network data means mapping columns in the network data to Mentum Planet data columns. In the Network Data Import Wizard, you only need to specify whether you want to bind data based both the site ID and the sector ID or only on a sector property that contains unique values for each sector.

Viewing the results of data binding Once you have mapped the network data to the Mentum Planet data, you can review it in the Report Preview dialog box. You can then create a sector display scheme for statistical data in order to view network data graphically on a map of your network’s coverage area. Any numeric metric, for example, dropped calls or carried Erlangs, can be displayed.

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To import network data 1

In the Project Explorer, in the Operational Data category, right-click Network Data and choose New.

2

Read the introduction and click Next.

3

On the Choose How You Want The Data Bound page, choose one of the following options: n

n

4

Bind To Site ID/Sector ID—binds the Site ID and the Sector ID to columns in the network data file. Bind To Unique Sector Property—binds a sector property when it contain unique values for each sector

Click in the header row and, from the list, choose the Mentum Planet data to which to bind the network data. A valid selection displays a green indicator.



5

Once the data has been successfuly bound, click Finish. The Report Preview dialog box opens. The Mapping Status column indicates whether the data is mapped or not in the project.

6

In the Report Preview dialog box, modify the report display as required using the available toolbar buttons.

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7

If you mapped network data to a sector property, you can create a sector display scheme to apply to network data by doing the following: n

n

Choose the sector property for which you want to create a sector display scheme. Click the Generate Sector Display Scheme button.

8

Define a name for the sector display scheme and, in the Sector Display Scheme dialog box, define the parameters upon which you want the scheme to be based.

9

To view the network data upon which the scheme is based, click the Data button. Network data is added to the Operational Data category in the Project Explorer.


Establishing Height Benchmarks

Chapter 16 Establishing Height Benchmarks Mentum Planet includes tools you can use to verify if sites or sectors in the network comply with FCC regulations. This chapter covers the following topics: Establishing height benchmarks

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Interpreting results

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HBM Analysis Settings

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Establishing height benchmarks The height benchmarking tools in Mentum Planet determine if sites or sectors in the network comply with FCC regulation 27.1221 for interference protection. The regulation defines the rules for the allowable site height based on the proximity of a site to regulatory boundaries as well as HAAT calculations. Details of the height benchmarking are contained in the height benchmarking tables (i.e., All_Radials.tab, Failing_Radials_Summary.tab, and the Site_ Summary.tab). See Interpreting results. Two methods of height benchmarking are available: n

n

Closest point—using this method you can establish the height benchmarks from a sector or group of sectors to the nearest edge of the selected polygon. The height benchmarking report details which sites and sectors are non-compliant and lists the reasons why. See To establish height benchmarks for the closest point. Multi-radial—using this method you are able to analyze compliance specifics of a given site and account for exclusion zones such as water or political boundaries. This can be useful, for example, in all areas where inland water or geo-political boundaries comprise the boundary of the GSA service boundary. The height benchmarking report details which individual radials from sites and sectors are non compliant and lists the reasons why. See To establish height benchmarks along multiple radials.


To establish height benchmarks for the closest point 1

Do one of the following:



n

n

Draw a polygon that covers the area where you want benchmarks calculated, double-clicking on the end point. Open a table that contains a polygon that depicts the service area.

2

On the Main toolbar, click the Select button and click the polygon.

3

Choose Tools Point.

FCC Height Benchmarking

Closest

The FCC_HeightBenchmark table opens in a Browser window.

To establish height benchmarks along multiple radials Sectors must be within the service area. Radial calculations will stop at the service area boundary. 1


n

2

To generate height benchmarks for selected sites, in the Map window, select one or more sites. To generate height benchmarks for a sector group, choose Tools FCC Height Benchmarking Multi Radial.

In the Sector Selection dialog box, choose the sectors for which you want to establish height benchmarks and click OK.

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3

In the HBM Analysis Settings dialog box, define required parameters and click OK.

NOTE: To view height benchmarking details, choose Window New Browser Window and open the All_Radials, Failing_Radials, or Site_Summary tables.

TIP: In order to ensure that the exclusion area polygon has the identical polyline construction as the target area, you can use MapInfo editing tools to modify the polyline construction accordingly.



Interpreting results The Mentum Planet multi-radial height benchmarking tool produces the following tables. Tables are saved in the HBM Multi-Radial Analysis folder within the project folder. A user-defined prefix is appended to the table name.

All_Radials.tab This table provides a list of all radials in the calculation and related data. The output radial lines are colored based on the field “Delta”. A positive delta indicates the site is compliant along this radial. A negative “Delta” indicates the amount (in meters) the site would need to be lowered to become compliant. The color of the lines is provided to indicate the degree of non-compliance. See “How to interpret radial color”. This table includes the following information: n

Site ID—the site identification

n

Sector ID—the sector identification

n

Longitude

n

Latitude

n

Radial_Inc—radial increments

n

Elevation_m—the elevation (m) at the sector

n

Antenna_Height—the height of the antenna

n

n

n

Boundary_Distance_km—the minimum distance from the sector to the boundary of the polygon Height_Benchmark—the height benchmark is calculated as where the boundary distance is in kilometers. HAAT_m—the height above average terrain (HAAT) in meters.

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n

n

n

Delta—the difference between the HATT and the height benchmark value. Failing_Radials—indication whether a radial from a site or sector is non-compliant (T/F). Exclusion_Zone—indication whether a radial from a site or sector is part of an exclusion zone.

Failing_Radials_Summary.tab This table provides a list of non-compliant radials in the calculation and related data. It includes all the information contained in the All_Radials.tab but includes only those sites and sectors that are non-compliant.

Site_Summary This table provides details on the site status (passed/failed). It includes the following columns: n

Site ID—the site identification

n

Sector ID—the sector identification

n

Longitude

n

Latitude

n

Num_Radials—the number of radials used in calculations.

n

Failing_Radials—the number of radials that are non-compliant.

n

Passed—identifies those sites that are compliant and those that are not.

How to interpret radial color Height benchmarking results are color coded. The color of a radial indicates the degree of infraction as shown in Table 1. Elongated dashed lines indicate that the radial has crossed an exclusion zone. An example is shown in Figure 16.1.



Figure 16.1: Example illustrating radial color-coding. Table 1 Color codes for radials generated by the height benchmarking tools Color Code Green Yellow Light Orange Orange Light Red Red

Degree of Infraction (Value of the Delta) Greater than 0 -5 to -10 -10 to -15 -15 to -20 -10 to -25 -25 or less

TIP: MapInfo data can be visualized, queried and edited using standard MapInfo GIS tools

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HBM Analysis Settings Use the HBM Analysis Settings dialog box to define how you want benchmarks calculated and displayed. Number of Radials—type in this box the number of radials you want to consider in the calculations. Sample Interval—type in this box the distance between sample points for the HAAT calculation. The HAAT calculation is compared to the Height Benchmark calculation to determine the result of the radial. The default value is the resolution of the project DEM. When the sample interval is increased, the number of sample points decreases along with the calculation time. Service Area Table—choose from this list the table that defines the target area boundaries. Exclusion Area Table—choose from this list the table that defines areas such as water or political boundaries that will automatically set the radial to pass the Height Benchmark test. The exclusion area polygon must have the same identical polyline construction as the service area. Output Table Prefix—type in this box the prefix that will be appended to the output tables. Results To Display—choose any of the following display options: Table 1 Degree of Infraction Color Code Green Yellow Light Orange Orange Light Red Red


TIP: To view details of the height benchmarking for all radials, open the All_ Radials.tab in a Browser window.



All Radials—if you want results for all radials to be displayed when the FCC height benchmarking calculations are complete. Radials are colorcoded to reflect the difference between the HATT and the height benchmark value (as shown in the Delta column of the All_Radials table). The following color codes are used. Failing Radials Summary—if you want only the radials that fail to be displayed when the FCC height benchmarking calculations are complete. Radials are color-coded to reflect the degree of infraction. Radials where the delta is positive will not be displayed. The following color codes are used. Color Code Green Yellow Light Orange Orange Light Red Red


NOTE: To view details of the failing radials summary, open the Failing_ Radials.tab in a Browser window. Site Summary—if you want sites displayed and identified using a green circle (pass) or a red star (fail) when the calculations are complete. To view details of the site summary, open the Site_Summary.tab in a Browser window.

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Mentum Planet File Types

Appendix A Mentum Planet File Types When you design a wireless network using Mentum Planet, you will encounter the file types described in this appendix. This appendix covers the following topics: Understanding project folders and files

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Understanding project folders and files When you design a wireless network using Mentum Planet, you will encounter the file types described in the tables below.

Project files File

.algr .curve .flt

.fpp .paf .pex

.flt

Description

An antenna algorithm file saved, by default, in the Antenna Algorithm folder with the project folder. A file created in the Curve Editor and stored in the Curves folder within the project folder. A binary file containing the filter loss and frequency offset for each sector and each equipment type as defined in the Filter Loss dialog box. A frequency plan file. A Planet Antenna Format file saved in the Antennas folder within the project folder. A compressed file that contains at a minimum an .xml file with the necessary instructions and structure. A binary file containing the filter loss and frequency offset for each sector and each equipment type as defined in the Filter Loss dialog box.

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Output files File

Description

.grd /.tab

A numeric grid file that is always accompanied by an associated .tab file. The .grd file contains the raw grid and color information. The .tab file is required by MapInfo Professional to open and register the grid image. The .tab file also contains metadata of the grid data.

.grc /.tab

A grid file that contains integer (not numeric) data. It is also referred to as a classified grid. The .tab file is required by MapInfo to open and register the grid image. The .tab file also contains metadata on the settings of the grid data.

.imx

An interference matrix file.

.nl

A neighbor list file.

.pfc

A contour color profile with specific break points (ranges) that are applied when you convert a grid to a vector contour map.

.pfr

A text file containing point-to-point profile settings (including data files), antenna pattern and azimuth, sector, and receiver values.

LTE FDD User Guide

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Chapter A

MapInfo files File

Description

.map

Map file for objects associated with .tab files (see “Output files”).

.id

ID of objects associated with .tab file.

.dat

Data file associated with .tab or .xml file.

.tda

Intermediate file generated by MapInfo when edits have not been saved. Serves as an intermediate save. Handled only by MapInfo.

.tin


.tma


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Lte Fdd User Guide

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