10. Note that b4 logbx = x4 The given equation may be written as: 2x x 4 = 486 x = 2431/5 = 3
11. Group terms and use power rule: ln (x - 1)(2x - 1) = ln (x + 1) 2 ln function is a one to one function, hence: (x - 1)(2x - 1) = (x + 1) 2 Solve the above quadratic function: x = 0 and x = 5 Only x = 5 is a valid solution to the equation given above since x = 0 is not in the domain of the expressions making the equations.
12. Solve: 0 = 2 log( sqrt(x - 1) - 2) Divide both sides by 2: log( sqrt(x - 1) - 2) = 0 Use the fact that log(1)= 0: sqrt(x - 1) - 2 = 1 Rewrite as: sqrt(x - 1) = 3 Raise both sides to the power 2: (x - 1) = 32 x-1=9 x = 10
13. Given: 9x - 3x - 8 = 0 Note that: 9x = (3x)2 Equation may be written as: (3x)2 - 3x - 8 = 0 Let y = 3x and rewite equation with y: y 2 - y - 8 = 0 Solve for y: y = ( 1 + sqrt(33) ) / 2 and ( 1 - sqrt(33) ) / 2 Since y = 3 x, the only acceptable solution is y = ( 1 + sqrt(33) ) / 2 3x = ( 1 + sqrt(33) ) / 2 Use ln on both sides: ln 3 x = ln [ ( 1 + sqrt(33) ) / 2] Simplify and solve: x = ln [ ( 1 + sqrt(33) ) / 2] / ln 3
14. Given: 4x - 2 = 3x + 4 Take ln of both sides: ln ( 4x - 2 ) = ln ( 3 x + 4 ) Simplify: (x - 2) ln 4 = (x + 4) ln 3 Expand: x ln 4 - 2 ln 4 = x ln 3 + 4 ln 3 Group like terms: x ln 4 - x ln 3 = 4 ln 3 + 2 ln 4 Solve for x: x = ( 4 ln 3 + 2 ln 4 ) / (ln 4 - ln 3) = ln (3 4 * 42) / ln (4/3) = ln (3 4 * 24) / ln (4/3) = 4 ln(6) / ln(4/3)
15. Rewrite the given equation using exponential form: x- 3 / 4 = 1 / 8 Raise both sides of the above equation to the power -4 / 3: (x- 3 / 4)- 4 / 3 = (1 / 8) - 4 / 3 simplify: x = 8 4 / 3 = 24 = 16