Literature Study Final

INTRODUCTION

HABITAT CENTRE, GHAZIABAD

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INTRODUCTION THE CHANGING WORKSPACE: The nature of working environment across the country is changing drastically and for the better. The change is focused and is driven greater global business interaction, growing aesthetic needs, deteriorating urban services, overvalued city properties, communication and transportation explosion as well as increasing awareness-all put together. The result is that while traditional downtown business districts become congested and strained, suburban options showing better infrastructure, environment and architecture. Increasing global interactions and cross working will make it necessary for companies to upgrade their working environments to global standards. Also, the competitive and stressful working lifestyles today need equally stress free meeting spaces and recreational facilities to keep one going.

THE HABITAT CENTRE: a summary…. It is the centre of contemporary cultural economic, business and social events. The concern for the habitat and its environment works as the functional backbone of the complex. It not only provides an improved working environment to its employee but will also contribute to the urban level functions that a living city requires.

HABITAT CENTRE is a place of formal assembly for a common purpose within a proper equipped built environment in which various professions and institutions dealing with different facets of habitat and habitat related environmental issues would function, interact and attempt to resolve a habitat related problems in a coordinated manner. It will provide a built space for the performance of various educational activities along with interaction between different other educational centers in and outside the country.


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ABOUT THE PROJECT:      

HABITAT CENTRE, INDIRAPURAM, GHAZIABAD PLOT NO. 16, AHINSA KHAND PROPOSED BY GHAZIABAD DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ON BEHALF OF UTTAR PRADESH GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT : W.S. ATKINS AREA : 12.54 ACRES

INDIRAPURAM HABITAT CENTRE (IHC) HAS BEEN INSPIRED AND IS PROPOSED TO BE DEVELOPED ON THE LINES OF INDIA HABITAT CENTRE. The HABITAT CENTRE will provide a physical environment which would serve as catalyst for a synergetic relationship between individuals and institutions (e.g. N.G.O.’s) working in diverse habitat related areas and therefore maximize their total effectiveness. To facilitate this interaction, the center provides a range of facilities like auditorium, sports center etc.

HABITAT CENTRE is now home not only to these offices and research organizations but will house a club, convention centre as well as several restaurants and performance venues for cultural activities. Sharing a common concern for habitat, there are various organizations have come together to participate in an exciting venture of institution building. 1. TERI

2.HUDCO

3.CPWD

4.CBRI

Another prime goal of the project is to bring the concerned people and intellectual under one roof, as a result the exchange of ideas and views can be easily possible with all the implementation of modern conferencing systems as to make the interaction smoother and easier ways. If all the necessary facilities can be brought under one roof a lot of time & inconvenience may be saved there by creating more favorable platform for education.


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PROPOSALS: It is a convention centre, which will be able to accommodate more than 5,000 people. The facilities provided wil be: 1. SOCIO CULTURAL Convention facilities along with auditoriums, exhibition area, art gallery, open concert facility, open-air-sculpture garden and educational facilities. 2. RECREATIONAL Hotel with fine dining, club house, banquet and indoor recreational facilities, swimming pool, health club with multigym, guest rooms. 3. COMMERCIAL Offices

NEED IDENTIFICATION: DETERIORATING WORKSPACE QUALITY IN URBAN CENTERS: Indian cities are truly at loss with their business districts going from bad to worse in recent times. The extraordinary high cost of downtown property is more than matched with high traffic congestion, high density built masses ,and high risk in safety standards . OPTIONAL SUBURBAN WORKSPACE: Companies are now looking elsewhere from downtown for new office space requirements. In all Indian metros today, the biggest and best offices are built on the outskirts of the cities and suburban areas. Delhi is no exception with gurgaon and noida netting most of the large companies.


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AIMS &OBJECTIVES:  Develop an integral physical environment for professionals and institutions interact in a coordinated manner.  Promote awareness education, research, training & development of all habitat issues.  Create better urban/rural facilities related to the lifestyle of people.  Inculcate awareness and sensitivity of creative human activity in habitat.  Document information related to habitat, human settlements & environmental issues.  Comprehensive convention centre with facilities for concurrent session. State of the art audio visual equipment, computer controlled conference and simultaneous interpretation system in auditorium.  Finest dining and reception facilities.  Club house, cultural and entertainment facilities.  Internet, multimedia, videos and latest newspapers, periodicals, reference books

SCOPE: Indirapuram is one of the premier-lifestyle residential areas,those who don't get a proper place in Delhi prefer to settle in Indirapuram. It is spread of 1,300 acres and has existing or upcoming townships from over 40 builders.  Recently, the GDA has announced that it would provide Rs500 crore for construction of HABITAT CENTRE in Indirapuram.  Indirapuram offers a host of positive features mostly absent in urban downtown locations.


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METHODOLOGY: The methodology for achieving the above stated purpose involves the following steps:  Studying and subsequently gathering the relevant information about the various functional aspects of the project.  Studying the relevant space standards.  Carrying out case studies to get a look at buildings, which are analogous to our requirement, and study how a functional space operates under various restraints.  The next step is carrying out a comparative analysis of all the case studies and drawing conclusions and inferences.  The final step is to freeze the design requirements in terms of space, based on the inferences of the comparative analysis.


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LITERATURE STUDY


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LITERATURE STUDY OFFICE PLANNING:  Office building culture in India is undergoing a revolutionary change.  Not only the inside environment designed to be more comfortable and efficient, conducive to a high level of productivity but also the look of the building is given utmost importance.

DEFINITION: “Efficiency of office building usually measured in terms of ratio of rentable space to total space.” Work Place Area (Usable Area): spaces in which possible for people to work at desks; includes secondary circulation. Primary Circulation: circulation essential to provide access & mean of escape to work place area. Usually takes up between 10 and 15% of net usable area. Special Areas: space which cannot be used for office workers but it is dedicated to particular function, ex-archives, restaurant. Core: defined as those parts of building that consists of elevators, elevator lobby shafts, staircases, toilets, mechanical and engineering services and ducts. Duct: vertical ducts required for heating, telephone electric, drainage and water supply; also in air-conditioned building for air movement. Lavatories: In multi-storey office building should occupy no more than 20%.of GOA. Gross Outside Area (GOA): sum of all constituent office area including core, structure and perimeter walls . Net usable area (NUA): what remains when core, structure and perimeter walls subtracted from GOA.


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ELEVATORS: it should be grouped so that availability of any elevator in bank on any floor can be easily observed. Its number and size depends upon 1. Population of building 2. Number of floors 3. Required waiting time  For preliminary assumption the number of elevators required may be estimated on the basis of one elevator per 25,000 sq ft. of rentable area.  Elevator lobbies should be 6 to 9 ft wide, if elevators are on the same side only; 10 to 12 ft if elevators are on both sides.  Corridors are usually, 5 to 6 ft wide.

DESIGN OF OFFICE SHELL: Position of primary circulation: Fixed, may serve to one side or two. Position of core: placed centrally, or at one end, or detached. Central(interior): location has number of advantages.  It allows all the windows space to be used as a rentable office space  Depending on the configuration of building plans office of varying depths receiving natural lights.


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MAJOR BANDS DEPTHS:

OF

OFFICE

SPACE

NARROW -4000-6000 MM: suitable for single office room or for 2-3 open plan work place. MEDIUM -6000-8000 MM: for enclosures larger than single room or for 3-5 open plan workplaces DEEP -8000+ MM: more than 5 open work places

SOME PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS:  Heavy equipments shall be placed against the walls or the columns to avoid floor overloading.  Don't obstruct the exits, corridors or stairways, fire safety codes governing aisles, exits should be followed.  Employees performing close work should be in best lighted areas.

OFFICE PLANNING CONCEPTS: Two main concepts are considered: 1. CONVENTIONAL PLAN:

These plans are being used for the years and have been the customary ways of arranging office spaces. Advantages:  Visual and aural privacy can be provided.  Well suited for companies that draw lines between ranks of its Officials  The need of conference spaces is minimized. Disadvantages:  Partitions have to be demolished when spaces need to be changed.  Natural light and view is minimized.  Energy savings by natural light to interior is minimal


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2. OPEN PLAN: Refers to an open space occupied by a number of employees, supervisors, furnishing equipments and circulation area. Large open areas permit flexibility.

Advantages  Most employees benefited natural light and a view to the exterior.  The plan is highly flexible.  By using modular workstations, variations in user need can Be easily catered.  Such plans are compatible with energy conserving designs. Disadvantages  There is some loss of visual & aural privacy.  The plan is not feasible in buildings with narrow wings or many obstructions.  More conference space is needed.

BUSINESS CABINS:  Private Cabins- it is desirable that the size of private cabins be a minimum of 100 sq ft and a max. of 300 sq ft .  Each in size only where the occupant is expected to meet the delegations of 10 or more at least once a day the size should be approach 300 sq ft.  Semiprivate Cabins- they range from 150 sq ft to 450 sq ft, occupied by two or more individuals. Generally it houses the members of work team or other group of employees assigned to particular tasks.


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OFFICE SERVICES: Demand for services in offices increasing. Each work place must be located next to outlets for power and telephone. Essential grids are provided to each work place with easy access and without dangerous.

DISTRIBUTION AT PERIMETER AND THROUGH PARTITIONS

DISTRIBUTION THROUGH FIN WALLS

DISTRIBUTION THROUGH FLOOR GRID (USUALLY 1800-2000 CENTRES)

DISTRIBUTION FROM CEILING

DISTRIBUTION THROUGH FALSE FLOORS (HEIGHT SHOULD BE 50-500)


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CONFERENCE ROOM:  General Sessions and face to face groups with a high participation primarily concerned with planning, obtaining facts and information or in solving organizational problems.  Number of delegates attending the conference may range up to 150 or more.

LOCATION OF CONFERENCE ROOM  Centrally located to the users.  Interior spaces which is not the most desirable for the office purpose can be used for conference  This location eliminates outside distraction

SIZE OF THE CONFERENCE ROOM  Designed to accommodate average but not max. attendance.  Extra chairs should be used to achieve additional seating.

CONFERENCE ROOM DESIGN Programmatic requirement: To decide the type of room and capacity, reseating configuration. Architectural requirement: room dimension, height, desirability of windows & divisibility, column free space, acoustics, interior design. Electrical and mechanical requirement: separate system for each room, HVAC for peak hours lighting, jacks for audio visual system.


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STANDARS FOR CONFERENCE ROOMS: Large: area> 140sq For presentations requiring little audience involvement through discussion or questions. Medium: 1000-1500sq ft (93-140 sq m) For highly interactive training Small: 500-1000sq ft (46.5-93sq m) Offer flexibility Board Rooms: 500-899sq ft Arrangement: theatre classrooms square, u shaped or small configuration.

AREA 200 SQ.FT

AREA 375 SQ. FT

CONFERENCE ROOM LIGHTING:      

Incandescent down lights florescent lamps. Over all room illumination. Dimming capability. Task lighting on writing boards etc. Accent lighting on the speaker, wall displays. Control of unwanted light from the corridor and projection work.


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LANDSCAPE AROUND AN OFFICE COMPLEX: The primary issues are:-

1. VISUAL PARAMETERS 2. FUNCTIONAL ISSUES 3. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 1. VISUAL PARAMETRS Green buffer in the form of trees and shrubs makes the view from inside the building more pleasant

Promoters prefer visibility from main road

Emerging trend: visibility from the main road are traded off in lieu of garden view for users.

Trellises are used to screen the view of parked vehicle from higher floors of building.


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View of moving/parked automobile is considered “visual pollution”

 Landscape design gets affected by the design of the parking.  Basement parking which releases an equivalent area at the ground level for greens.

2. FUNCTIONAL ISSUES:  Provide an outdoor space for lunch hour relaxation.  Smoking is banned in most offices, thus an outdoor smoking area would be a good amenity for the users.  In the form of gazebos or seats in the landscape

3. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES:  A good irrigation system is the lifeline of landscape.  Using recycled water for nourishing the plants.  Planting trees according to climate, in tropical climate trees which consume less water should be planted.


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THEATRE DESIGN: The design of a large auditorium will be greatly influenced by the  Dimensions (in terms of area and volume) Area of auditorium- 0.9-1.2 m2/person Volume of auditorium- 3.5-4.5 m3 /person  The different purpose, apart from congress, for which the hall may be used, such as stage shows ,live theater ,concert  Access and circulation requirements.

DEFINATION: Theatre is the gathering together of a group of people to witness a planned performance. It is the “Relationship of the performing area to the audience”

ELEMENTS OF THEATRE RECEPTION :

entrance, booking hall, foyer, cloaks etc

AUDITORIUM STAGE :

main stage, back stage, scenery storage, workshop, dressing room, rehearsal room

Function of an auditorium is to accommodate 1. Performance 2. Audience 3. To bring the two together


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THE PARAMETERS:  Two methods adopted depending on capacity & type of performance. 1. LINE OF SIGHT METHOD 2. EQUAL RISE METHOD

PROSCENIUM:  Dimensions are not fixed, varies with lowering the teasers and drawing the tormentors.  Side panels can have side stages or openings.

CROSSOVER:  Part of path followed by audience behind the seating area between lobby and aisles.  The width of the crossover equals the sum of the width of the aisles.


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AISLES: Radial aisles are best for purpose of seeing with curved aisles only slightly less efficient.    

No of seats between aisles (Max.) =14 No of seats between aisle and wall Main longitudinal gangway = 1200 mm Side longitudinal gangway = 900 mm

SEATING: Minimum distance between the front row and screen is 9m. There are two type of seating arrangements:

Continental and Conventional 1. Conventional seating it accommodates more centered seats 2. Continental seating – Row space not less than 39". It requires wider end aisles with closely spaced exit doors

 When done with the line of sight method a mild slope of 12 degree is there in lower seating and steeper 24 degree for upper half.  All seats oriented towards stage- curvature in the rows.  Staggering provides better sight lines without going at much height.


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LIMITATIONS CONSIDERED FOR DETERMINING SEATING AREA AND FOR THE POSITION OF WALL AND SHAPE  Horizontal angle of polychromatic vision is approx. 40º.  Horizontal angle to the projection sheet at which distortion on the screen becomes substantially intolerable is 60º.  Horizontal angle to the centre line at which objects onstage, cease to bear the intended relationship to other objects onstage and to the background is approx. 60º.

PROCENIUM OPENINGS:  Width  Height  Depth

12 to 16 m is recommended can be 4.8m to 5.4m can vary between 12 to 16m, depending on the type of operation performed

PROCENIUM OPENINGS:  Optimum depth 4 times screen width  Maximum depth 6W  Depth equals 1.25-2.35 times house width when house width is 2.5-3.5 times screen width.  Workshop 50-70% of stage area

W = SCREEN WIDTH


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SIGHT LINES: 1.The stage height is taken as 3’-4” above level of first row of seats 2. The vertical angle beyond which the ability to recognize standard shapes falls of very rapidly is app. 30°. 3. Audiences will not choose a location beyond a line approx.100degree to the curtain at proscenium side 4. 35° with the horizontal from top of the screen will intersect the horizontal eye line, 3'-8" above the floor and will determine the first row of seat.

BASIC DIMENSION FOR PLOTTING FLOOR SLOPE

SIGHTLINE OF THE STANDING PATRON LIMITS THE BALCONY OVERHANG CURTAIN LINE OR BOTTOM OF SCREEN


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THE STAGE: 1. ACTING AREA 2. SCENERY STORAGE  Size of the acting area is a direct function of the no. of performers who use it, their costumes & nature of their performance.  Single performers - 4 sq. ft  Solo dancers - 300 sq. ft

LAVATORIES: 5 urinals, 3 wash basins & 2 toilets/1000 seats 5 toilets & 5 wash basins /1000 seats

(minima for men) (minima for women)

LIGHTING IN AUDITORIUM: Lighting has following functions: 1. Light for visibility is desirable by which patrons may find their seats, white light is best. 2. Aisle light must be near floor decorative lights are also used. 3. The objects of lighting in the auditorium are to concentrate upon the stage.

ACOUSTICS IN AUDITORIUM: 1. Sound waves should be umformly distributed in every part of auditorium. 2. The backside surface should be absorbent


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EXHIBITION SPACES: GALLERY DESIGN BASED ON AN IDEA OF:  What will be showing?  No of exhibits planned per year ?  Kind of traveling exhibition hope to be scheduled?  For permanent collection how many pieces will be remained on view?  3D objects to be displayed in cases or pedestal ?

ALSO ON THE MEAN ADULT EYE LEVEL HEIGHT, IS ABOUT 5 FT

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS: 1. CIRCULATION 2. LIGHT 1. CIRCULATION: EXTERNAL  General approach to the building.  The access from the public parking must be direct, easy and inviting.  Goods and services entry to be segregated the from public entrance INTERNAL  Within the building.  Circulation of objects and goods.  Circulation of staff and visitors.

Movement of visitors in the exhibition space is an important aspect which need to be carefully dealt with.


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LAYOUT OF DISPLAY AREA:

STRAIGHT LAYOUT

MOVEMENT OF VISITOR IS FACILATED BY GENTLY CURVING

STRAGGERED ARRANGEMENT CREATES MYSTERY

LIGHTING: Natural  Skylights  Windows& punctures

Artificial  Showcases lit by lamps at 30º  Paintings lit by lamps at 45º

Lateral lighting  Side windows and openings in the walls at suitable distances  Shads full and agreeable light on exhibits placed against the other walls and in the centre of the room at the correct angle to the source of light.


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CRITICAL DIMENSIONS FOR VISUAL ARTS FACILITY:

FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM OF A VISUAL ARTS FACILITY:


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CLIMATIC ANALYSIS


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CLIMATIC ANALYSIS CLIMATE:    

Composite climate Extreme dryness with an intensely hot summer and cold winter Temperature range vary from 45º in summers to 4º in winters Cold waves from the Himalayan region makes winter very chill, marked by mist and fog in the morning  City is sufficiently far from the equator to experience marked seasonal change in solar radiation and wind direction  Only during the three monsoon months july, august and september does air of oceanic origin penetrate to this district and causes increased humidity, cloudiness and precipitation.

SEASONS: The year can broadly be divided into four seasons.  The cold season starts in late November and extends to about the beginning of March.  This is followed by the hot season which lasts till about the end of June when the monsoon arrives over the district.  The monsoon continues to the last week of September.

TEMPERATURE:  Varies considerably throughout the year from hot to cold.  Building design should be so as to withstand the variations and provide comfortable living.  Cold season starts from mid of November,

January is the coldest month.  May and June are the hottest months.  From April the hot wind known locally as luh blows and the weather is unpleasant.

 Monsoons advances towards the end of june when day temperature drops appreciably.


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Winter : mean daily max.temp at 21.3°c mean daily min. at 7.3°c.

Summer : mean daily max. temp at 43°c mean daily minimum at 30°c.

WIND DIRECTION:  Wind direction is different in all the three seasons.  Winds are generally light during the post monsoon and winter months.  They strengthen during the summer and monsoon months.  Except during the monsoon months winds are predominantly from a westerly or northwesterly direction and tend to be more northerly in the afternoon.  Easterly and southeasterly winds are more common in the monsoon months.

SOLAR RADIATIONS:  It is direct and strong during the dry days as absence of cloud permits easy flow of heat into night sky during the hot dry month.  Diffused radiations exist during hazy period, i.e. during monsoons.

CLOUDINESS:  During the monsoon specially in july and august skies are heavily clouded and often overcast.  Rest of the year skies are clear or  In the months of january, february and early march skies become cloudy and sometimes overcast when the district is affected by western disturbances.


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HUMIDITY:  The air is dry during the greater part of the year.  Humidity is high in the monsoon months.  April and May are the driest months with relative humidites of about 30% in the mornings and less than 20% in the afternoons.

SPECIAL WEATHER PHENOMENA:  April to June is the period with the highest incidence of thunderstorms and dust storms.  Some thunderstorms give rise to violent squalls (andhis), others are accompanied with heavy rain and less frequently with hail.  Thunderstorms also occur in the winter months.  Fogs sometimes dense occur in the winter months.

RAINFALL:  Monsoon rains are prolonged and intense.  About 80% of the rainfall is received during the monsoon months of July, August and September.

 Mean annual rainfall60-65cm


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INFERENCES FROM CLIMATE ANALYSIS: We are concerned with improving the thermal condition of building fo which stringent economy is a necessity.

1. PROPER ORIENTATION OF BUILDINGS: Orient the structure as to capture summer breeze and protect from storm winds.

2. PROTECTION FROM SUN: Deciduous trees should be located on the south side of the pedestrian paths. Since the project habitat centre provide some space for outdoor activities, so the open environment needs to be taken care of-

Hence landscaping is to be emphasized since plants and trees are helpful in moderating the heat impact.


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SITE STUDY


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SITE STUDY LOCATION:  PLOT NO.16,AHINSA KHAND INDRAPURAM,GHAZIABAD, UTTAR PRADESH  STRATEGICALLY LOCATED ON - NH 24 BYE-PASS INDIRAPURAM

OWNER:

Owned & proposed by Ghaziabad development authority

PROPOSED SITE

SITE

APPROACH: Approachable from all sides, road all around the site.

ACCESS:    

By bus- the nearest bus stand is ISBT, Anand Vihar,8km away. By road-through nh24 ,3km away from site By train-the Sahibabad is nearest station,5km away. Taxi and autos are also readily available for the site.


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SURROUNDINGS: West North East South

24mtr. wide road group housing 30mtr.wd road,Swarnjayanti park 24mtr. wide road, group housing 30mtr. wide road, group housing

SITE 12.5 ACRES


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VEGETATION & TOPOGRAPHY:  Site is flat with no contours  No trees & plants, site is barren  Construction of basement going on

SITE NORMS: SITE AREA: - 12.54 acres, regular in shape GROUND COVERAGE- 40 PERCENT F.A.R - 120 SET BACK - Front- 15Mtr. Rear – 9Mtr. MAXIMUM HEIGHT

- No limit

LOCATION ADVANTAGE:  NH-24 running alongside, the up gov. is planning to widen NH-24.  Connaught place is about 40 minutes away, as are lajpat nagar and south extensions in south Delhi,  Number of software majors and educational institutions, is right across the highway.  Proximity with residential localities & colonies like vaishali, vasundhara, kaushambi, patparganj, greater kailash, new friends colony, sarita vihar and sector 15 (Noida).  Close to the major commercial & residential areas of delhi, noida and greater noida.  The site will enjoy absolute accessibility as a result of signal free roads & 15 flyovers proposed by GDA.

SERVICES:     

4 Side road will help in services Power supply can be taken from any side according to future planning. Water supply can be from bore well. Sewer lines are available on site. Drainage available on all sides.


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CASE STUDY 1 INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, NEW DELHI


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CASE STUDY1 INDIA HABITAT CENTRE NEW DELHI: Architects-Stein, Bhalla & Doshi DesignJA Stein ClientIHC Society Site area- 9.6 Acres 2Basemnt -18,000Sq.m Best building award- 1995 Const. started- 1988 Location- maxmuller marg,near Completed- 1995 Area- Total covered 53,000Sq.m lodi garden,New Delhi Ground covered 9600Sq.m Project cost- 100 Crores.

OBJECTIVE:  The INDIA HABITAT CENTRE is truly best convention center in country.  It was the brainchild of Indira Gandhi and was conceived to provide a physical environment that would help different NGO in making interaction with the individuals as well as masses as a whole  To work for the conservation of natural habitat of the human, animal and plant kingdom.  It is the centre of contemporary cultural economic, business and social events.  The concern for the habitat and its environment works as the functional backbone of the complex.  It not only provides an improved working environment to its employee but will also contribute to the urban level functions that a living city requires.  Several leading corporate entities and non-profit organizations like tata energy research institute (teri), hudco, nhb, cii, ilo etc., sharing a common concern for the 'habitat',has a total of 37 institutions working for same.


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BUILDING LAYOUT:  The whole complex consist of building blocks with aerial walkways interconnecting the building blocks.  These building blocks being separated manage to create interesting courtyards that are partially open to the elements.  2 basements at P1 & P2 level,for parking & services

LOCATION FOOTPRINT: A.MARGOSA LAWN B.SILK COTTON LAWN C.EMERALD GARDEN D.AMPHITHEATRE E.THE PLAZA G.CONVENTION CENTRE H.SILVER OAK LAWN

ORIENTATION:

BLOCK 3

North-South

Main blocks & their arrangement: Building has total 7 blocks, all interconnected with steel bridges.

BLOCK 1 & 2

Complex is divided in to 2 Zones1. SOUTH ZONE: Block 1 & 2- (facilities block) Block 3- (auditorium block) 2. NORTH ZONE: Blocks 4,5,6,7- all office blocks (ngo’s),visual arts gallery,food courteatopia


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1. SOUTH ZONE (BLOCK 1&3) THE CONVENTION CENTRE:  India's most comprehensive convention centre.  Over 20 concurrent sessions possible.  State of the art a.v. equipment.  Computer controlled conference & simultaneous interpretation system in auditorium.  Well equipped secretariat & documentation centre.

STEIN AUDITORIUM: Ideal for large conferences, seminars, film screenings, presentations, theatre

MAHOGANY:For small gatherings. attached are a kitchenette and a private washroom.

JACARANDA: Elegantly carpeted,ideal for corporate meetings, seminars, workshops and fine parties.


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SILVER OAK: outdoor attachments in form of a patio, garden space, for exhibitions, conferences, seminars

DOCUMENTATION CENTRE: Has 6 cabins as well as 6 workstations fitted with all modern business aids

CASUARINA: A fixed seating hall equipped with state-of-the-art multimedia facilities and each table equipped with a set of mikes. Ideal for seminars, corporate presentations, press interactions, product launches.

THE TRINTY: Flexible set with individual as well as combined usage possibilities. Ideal for workshops, board meetings and theatre/cultural performances

AREA (SQFT) SEATING Amaltas Kadamba Rudraksha The Theatre Casurina Mangolia Maple Auditorium

1760 55 620 24 620 24 3000 120 1520 60 1540 65 1270 32 6200 537

AREA (SQFT) SEATING Silver Oak- I Silver Oak - II Mahogany Chinar Willow Gulmohar Jacaranda - I

1200 840 470 320 570 2870 1290

60 40 24 16 35 113 60


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BLOCK-2 Hotel block with 57 guest rooms & suites, every floor boasts of its very own theme,reflects in the furniture style and colour schemes. Along with a SPA, GYM & SWIMMING POOL

FOOD FACILITIES Inadequate canteen facilities encourage outside dhabas spoiling the facade & access to the buildings. So solution here was to invite dhabas inside the building. Nominal rent, hygienic facility & quality control. EATOPIA PAST TIMES

ORIENTAL OCTAPUS

DELHI O DELHI

2.NORTH ZONE Visual arts gallery 5,000 sq.ft of space, which works as an art exhibition space with its adjoining sculptural court.

BLOCKS 4,5,6,7- ALL OFFICE BLOCKS (NGO’S), VISUAL ARTS GALLERY FOOD COURTEATOPIA


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OUTDOOR VENUES:

HANDICAP PARKING:  

Handicap car parking is provided,

Plus railings and ramps at various parts of building where needed.


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ENTRANCES AND PARKING:  The ground was perceived as a vehicle-free environment except for repair & fire.  All cars and scooters are directed in to two levels of basement.  Only two drop off points-convention centre porch, hotel porch.  Parking at ground level from gate 1- only for members

BASEMENT


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SERVICES:    

SERVICES IN BASMENT

Entire building is air conditioned. Basements are mechanically ventilated. Sprinklers system is installed Fire escape staircases and lobbies are pressurised to prevent spread of fire along vertical shafts

HVAC SYSTEM

WATER TREATMENT PLANT

.

FIRE CONTROL ROOM

AT P1 LEVELTIME OFFICE STORE OF IHC STAFF CANTEN DRIVERS REST ROOM

SERVICE CORES FROM BASEMENT,LIFTS & STARICASE SERVICE ENTRY TO HOTEL BLOCK


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PRESSURISED SERVICE ENTRY TO BANQUETS SHAFTS

CHILLER PLANT AT GROUND

DESIGN REVIEW:  Though of an imposing nature, the building complex manages to blend in with its surroundings through its natural embellishments.  The presence of an amphitheatre also marks an interesting feature of the complex.  The external facade of the convention centre has a mundane appearance which masks the open inner space.  The absence of roof gutters rids the complex of clutter, instead separations between walls that are lined with tiles facilitates the disposal of rain water.  IHC serves different emotions at different places The building's all entrances are not one and the same. The first entrance depicts a seemingly

long deep corridor. Gate no.2 creates curiosity to a person when stands in front of the building.


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Gate no.3 gives surprise when it opens to a huge space.

ENERGY EFFICIENY:

LADSCAPING: Each courtyard has been designed to impart a distinct identity to the spaces and its conductive to the type of functions or activities that can be anticipated.

CARFULLY PLANNED LAWNS

PATHWAYS ARE PROVIDED WITH SHADES


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ON NORTH FAÇADE PLENTY OF LAWNS ARE GIVEN BECAUSE OF LESS SUN

ON SOUTH FACADDE NO LEVISH GARDENS

WATER BODY TALL PALM TREES IN 3FT HIGH PLANTERS

PLANTS IN WINDOW BOXES SOFTENING THE WALL SURFACES

PLAY OF LEVELS CREATING VERTICAL GARDENS


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WHY CALLED HABITAT CENTRE??????????           

Habitat means home, all living being resides at a same time. Birds sit on sunscreen, fishes in the water body & we humans. Anyone can enter, there is no restriction. So it is for all people. all people eat, rest at a same place, A peon also open his lunch and high profile officer also In Amphitheatre, street children plays also goes on & at the same time ministers/executives delivers their lecture Not yet turned in to a commercial commercial during its whole life time of 16years like nehru place. The main objective of the IHC is resolve the habitat related problems. To work for the conservation of habitat. The offices present in the complex are all NGO,s & related to environment & habitat preservation. There is also a habitat learning centre.


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CASE STUDY 2 INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE, NEW DELHI


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CASE STUDY 2 INDIA INTERNATIONAL CENTRE, NEW DELHI : Architect- J.A. Stein Site area- 4.6 Acres Built up area-8582Sq.m Covered area-4400Sq.m Cons. started-1960 Year of completion-1962 Location-At Lodi Estate, New Delhi

INTRODUCTION:  The India International Centre is a premier non-official organization in the capital playing a unique cultural and intellectual role in the life of the citizens.  It is among the best convention centers.  This non-profit institution works for the cultural interaction between nations.  It is a meeting point & gossip gallery for foreign diplomats & Indian bureaucrats.  The centre is non-official in its character and do not affiliate itself to any government, political, economic or religious organization.

AIMS &OBJECTIVES:  To provide intellectual service through seminars, symposium, meeting, debates.  It also houses one of the best libraries in India.  To provide cultural service, which is undertaken through the regular song and dance performances apart from Film screenings.  Community service through its hostel &catering facility.


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LAYOUT OF BUILDING: The centre is laid out with three wings each serving a separate function.

1. North wing: Residential and catering facilities to members and their guests

2. South wing:  Programme block of offices  Library  Domed Auditorium.

3. West wing:  The lounge  Dining hall & services, overlooking LODI Gardens.

AREAS: AUDITORIUM  Seating capacity- 250, theatre style with 12 semicircular rows approached by two aisles.  Area- 300 sq.m  Hexagonal plan  It is surmounted by a dome in the shape of smaller inscribed hexagons

STONE CLADDING IN THE DOME FOR REFLECTION AND SOUND DISTRIBUTION


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GUEST ROOMS  38 Single Bedrooms, area 16sq.m  28 Double Bedrooms, area 36sq.m  It has been given a curved form which approaches, then recedes from the part boundary, avoiding the expression of a long rigid arcade along the park.

LOUNGE AND DINING  Hexagonal plan  The lounge is slightly elevated above the adjoining ground to obtain a better view into the centre garden and also to make it attractive.

 Surrounded and shaded by its own verandah, on which it freely opens the lounge enjoys the feeling of its space extending far beyond its enclosing glass.


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DINING HALL (120)-180 SQ.M PRIVATE DINING (45)-70 SQ.M LOUNGE (90)-108 SQ.M BAR (40)-48 SQ.M KITCHEN-380 SQ.M

CONFERENCE ROOMS CONFERENCE HALL1-92SQ.M CONFERENCE HALL 2-50SQM

LIBRARY  Rectangular block  Area -450 sq.m  Backdoor service for books at rear side is provided.  A direct view of whole library can be made from reception which is not appropriate.


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MATERIALS:  IIC is virtually handmade building.  Natural concrete in the structure revealed throughout in its own texture and colour.  The building is without exterior paint or colour.


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 Materials permitted to assume their fine natural coloration.  Consistent expression of the structure is made by use of concrete column , beams & coffered concrete ceiling.

LANDSCAPING:  Landscaping has been done to enhance the ambience rock garden.  Central court is designed for dining in open areas  Building landscape is merging with adjoining LODI Gardens.


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LOUVERS AND SHADING DEVICES:  Range of shading devices- roof top, pergolas, jalies,vertical shading louvers.  Jalies of fire clay tiles shade exterior southern walls, also screen the service area.  In addition to filtering light these jalies have no horizontalsurface for dust.


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SERVICES:  The entire building is air- conditioned.  Double basement for services 

Services provided: AC PLANT ROOM WATER PURIFICATION PLANT ELECTRIC SUB STATION CONTROL ROOM MECHANICAL ROOM DRINKING WATER TANK WATER TREATMENT PLANT FIRE PUMP ROOM LOCKERS, STORE

PLANNING FEATURES:          

STAFF CANTEEN

Uniformity in design & architectural character. A very subdued form merging with surroundings. Layout according to shape of the site. Landscape merges with the LODI Garden. Library could have been in a quieter location. Efficient by means of verandas & less corridors. Dining is away from guest rooms Single staircase in utility block is in sufficient Lobby for Auditorium, library & administration is common Parking space is not well provided.


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CASE STUDY 3 CHENNAI CONVENTION CENTRE, CHENNAI


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CASE STUDY 3 CHENNAI CONVENTION CENTRE: A JEWEL FOR THE NEW GENERATION  TAMILNADU has been fast emerging as one of the progressive state in the industrial map of india.  Chennai the capital city has seen a dramatic rise in international business operations and trade promotion activities.  To meet the evergrowing needs of the international trade and business, TamilNadu Trade Promotion Organization has been set up.

SERVICE ENTRY Site area - 25 Acres Architect - C.R. Narayan Rao

MAIN ENTRY

LOCATION: The Chennai

Convention Centre is set up at a prime location in the Chennai metro, nandambakkam adjacent to st. thomas mount .

Ideal location……. Chennai airport -5 kms/15 mins drive 1.5km away from inner ring road 1.6km away from great southern trunk road Easily accessible from the main IT corridor American embassy (us) -12 kms 25 to 30 mins drive.


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SPACES:     

3 Exhibition Halls Convention Centre Administration block Ample parking space Outdoor venues

NEED FOR CONVENTION CENTRE: As meetings, seminars and conventions,buyers seller meet, trade discussion etc are part of trade promotional activities and there was a felt need for a convention centre within the ctc complex, the board of tntpo in its resolve to construct convention centre at a cost of rs.26.83 crores

LEGENDS 1.AUDITORIUM 2. STAGE

3. MULTIPURPOSE HALL 4. VIDEO CONTROL RM 5. AUDIO CONTROL RM 6. MEETING RM


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7. GREEN RM 8. LANDSCAPE AREA 9. PLANTERS 10. GENTS TOILET 11. LADIES TOILET 12. LOBBY 13. COMMON LOUNGE 14. OPEN PLAZA 15. ELECTRICAL RM 16. TES TANK 17. SERVICE ENTRY 18. VIP WAITING

19. LOUNGE 20. VIP PANTRY 21. FAX/XEROX

ENTRANCE FOYER

CONFERENCE HALL

MEETING ROOMS LOBBY

EXHIBITION SPACE:

CONVENTION LOBBY

CTC HAS THREE HALLS HALL NO. 1 (4,400 SQ. MTRS) HALL NO. 2 (1,760 SQ.MTRS.) HALL NO.3 (4,400 SQ.MTRS)  The air -conditioned halls with no intermittent pillars or columns, are eminently suitable for multi-purpose use of organizing exhibitions, conferences, conventions and conducting other trade, commerce and industry-related events.  All the halls are inter-linked and hall no. 3 is connected with convention centre.


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LANDSCAPING: THE cool and green environs perfectly refreshes mind and balancingly blends it with the building….

PARKING: Ample parking space is provided separate parking for convention centre and exhibition hall via parking.


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FACILITIES:  HALLS WITH CENTRALIZED AIR CONDITIONING  AMPLE CAR PARKING FACILITIES WITH SEPARATE PARKING FOR PROTOCOL.

 SERVICE TRENCHES FOR POWER, WATER SUPPLY AND DRAIN LINE, TELEPHONES & COMPRESSED AIR.

 POWER: 2 NOS. OF 1000 KVA TRANSFORMERS AND 100% STAND BY GENERATORS ARE PROVIDED.

 GENERAL LIGHTING INSIDE THE HALLS.  PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM WITH ZONAL CONTROL

 200 LINES FOR TELEPHONE FACILITIES.  WATER SUPPLY FOR GENERAL PURPOSES.

 HEAVY DUTY FLOORING (BEARING CAPACITY OF 5 TONNES PER SQ.MT. APPROX)  TOILET FACILITIES FOR GENTS, LADIES AND HANDICAPPED  BUSINESS CENTRE PROTOCOL AND SERVICE ROOM.

 FIRE PROTECTION THROUGH WATER SPRINKLERS, SMOKE DETECTORS AND FIRE ALARMS PROVIDED.

 AMBULANCE AND FIRST AID SERVICE ON REQUEST.

   

BANKING FACILITIES ON REQUEST CAR HAILING SYSTEM VESTIBULES LINKING BOTH THE HALLS. LANDSCAPING WITH FOUNTAINS.

 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT  WIFI ENABLED  GENERAL SECURITY


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DESIGN PRINCIPLES


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DESIGN PRINCIPLES: 1. EVERY THING MUST HAVE A PURPOSE a. Relation of park to surroundings b. Relation of use areas to site e. Relation of use areas to use areas d. Relation of major structures to use areas e. Relation of minor structures to minor structures

2. DESIGN MUST BE FOR PEOPLE a. Balance of impersonal and personal needs

3. BOTH FUNCTION AND AESTHETICS MUST BE SATISFIED a. Balance of dollar and human values

4. ESTABLISH A SUBSTANTIAL EXPERIENCE a. Effect of lines, forms, textures, and colors b. Effects of dominance c. Effects of enclosure


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5. ESTABLISH A APPROPRIATE EXPERIENCE a. Suited to personality of place b. Suited to personality of user c. Suited to personality of function d. Suited to scale

6. SATISFY TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT a. Sizes b. Quantities c. Orientation to natural forces d. Operating needs

7. MEET NEEDS FOR FEWEST POSSIBLE COST a. Balance of needs and budget b. Use of existing resources c. Provision of appropriate structural materials d. Provision of appropriate plant materials e. Attention to details

8. PROVIDE FOR SUPERVISION EASE a. Balance of use freedom and control b. Circulation c. Safety d. Discouraging undesirables


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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS


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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FACTORS AFFECTING THE DESIGN CRITERIA: These specific conditions of hot and tropical climate depend mainly on the following considerations:  Physical comfort by day depends mainly on a reduction of intense radiation from the sun, ground and the surrounding buildings.  Breezes cannot be used to advantage indoors unless the air is cool and tile air is filtered out.  Outside conditions are so hostile in this climate that both building and external living spaces need to be protected, as much as possible, from the intense solar radiations and the hot dusty winds.  During the day, ventilation should be kept minimum, necessary only when the stored heat is to be dissipated.  Surface exposed to the sun should be reduced as much as possible.  The larger dimension of the building should be minimized and should face North or South. The worst orientations are towards the West.

RESPONSE TO CLIMATE AND RESOURCES: The basic principles of design in tropical climate > Dense cluster of the buildings

The basic criterion for planning is the compact packing of the Units. These houses are built back to back site to site in a dense cluster. This protects a minimum of two to three sides of from direct exposure to the solar radiation. > Courtyard planning

Introvert planning around courtyards helps in avoiding solar radiation by shading, besides helping ventilation and allowing diffused light to all roomsthe central court is the hub of many activities.


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> Effect of climate on building design

The data on the climate of Ghaziabad shows that the effective temperature in the summer months exceeds the comfort conditions while in winter the effective temperature is lower than comfort conditions. > Flow of heat: Due to high temperature in summer, there is marked tendency of the heat flow inside the building the roofs and walls of the building. Heat flow depends upon the normal conductivity of the material porosity of the material. From the data, the following can be clearly seen:  The importance of proper location of openings .  The importance of Orientation  The roof problem

WIND:  One of the forces, which act on the building, is wind pressure, which acts against the walls and roofs.  Wind loading is based on the measurement of the wind velocity and the pressure exerted when the velocity of a mass of air is checked by an obstruction.  The pressure being proportional to the square of the velocity that may be expected in a particular locality will depend on the exposed nature of locality.  Cold winds in the winter and the dust storm in the summer also come from the same direction therefore the opening in this direction should be capable of being tightly closed.

NATURAL VENTILATION AND THERMAL COMFORT:  Natural ventilation means movement of air in and out of a building under the action of the atmospheric forces.  Such air movement is essential in a building to supply the required amount of fresh air to reduce the concentration of odors and air borne contamination with a space.


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FACTORS AFFECTING VENTILATION  The chief reason for insufficient flow of air or the change of air is the absence of suitable inlet for fresh air or escape from the warm vitiated air.  When the temperature difference induces ventilation the phenomenon is known as stack effect and when the ventilation is by pressure difference the phenomenon is known as WIND ACTION.  When the breeze -blows against the buildings, It establishes a zone of positive pressure against the windward way and a corresponding zone of reduced pressure on the leeward side of the building.  If the Induced pressure is conveyed to the air within a building through stably placed openings, the air will be forced Inwards through the openings on the leeward side.  The rate at which the air will enter the flow through the building will depend on the speed and direction of winds the layout of structures and the extent of suitably placed openings.

OUTDOOR SPACE  A courtyard is the most pleasant outdoor space for most of the year because it excludes the wind and traps the sun.  Pergolas carrying deciduous creepers may even cover the courtyard.

SURFACE TREATMENT:  Surface expose to the sun during the hot and warm season should be light colored or of shiny polished metal.  During cold season the heat of sun is important, therefore absorptive surfaces will be required in place of shading and reflective surfaces of the hot seasons


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LANDSCAPING:  Plans, vines and trees for shade can be placed either on the surface of the building or at some distance away.  Deciduous trees provide shade in summer allow sun in winter. Creepers when used as fence can shade the west wall.  The location of trees should be according to the sun angle and azimuths so that they provide proper shade and do not interfere with air movements.  The vertical baffles, necessary for shading, prove advantageous in increasing the volume of airflow for large angles of wind interference.

LIGHTNING:


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 Good lighting is necessary to enable work to be done efficiently and comfortably.  Good lighting is not merely a lot of light but sufficient glare free light from right direction.  In a building the higher the window is placed the more efficient is the resultant lighting.  Firstly the sky is usually brighter near the zenith than near than the horizon. On fully overcast days the horizon is about one third as bright as zenith. Consequently a window, which looks towards the horizon, will admit at least light for its area.  Secondly, light coming at glancing is less effective than light coming perpendicularly.  Tall windows admit light further into the room than the wide window, but gives rise to greater glare.

APPLICATION OF CLIMATE IN THE BUILDING:  As already discussed, there are three major agencies that govern the climate. They are sun, wind and rains.  In this building, which is partly air-conditioned and the rest are supposed to be air-conditioned.  Later on, sun is the most important element. If it is properly controlled, it can be held to reduce the cost of air conditioners, other two elements are rather in significant for air-conditioned buildings.


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MATERIALS USED ALUCOBOND:  Design elegance, stylish transitions, daring details & interesting surfaces, harmonious back grounds, surprising effects caused by light and shape – all of these & much more can easily achieved with Alucobond composite panels.  It is alight composite material consisting of two aluminum cover sheets and a core made of plastic.  This simple, but extremely versatile product concept has been developed to provide a façade material with a host of advantage for architects. 1. Stable yet flexible 2. Smooth surface 3. Shock resistant 4. Vibration absorbent 5. Used in more than 50000 building world wide 6. Available in thick nesses of 3mm, 4mm and 6mm.

USES: High-rise, Low rise, Canopies & awnings and Interiors  For high traffic situations di bond with its structural lacquered surface is the perfect solution.  Many developments now suffer from stained concrete, cracked masonry, failing render &, other time related problems. Inevitably this results in unattractive appearance & a fall in commercial value.  An Alucobond over cladding system dramatically improves the visual effect of on old building and restores the property’s value.  Alucobond offers outstanding protection from weather, withstands the effects of industrial pollution, and serves energy.  It is lightweight, quick to install and easy to maintain. Available in a range of color and sizes.


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ACRYLITE ACRYLIC SHEET: It is lightweight substitute for glass that has better optical quality and more is economical. It provides low distortion and doesn’t yellow after prolong exposure to sun light. It also offers four times more impact resistance than sunlight.

SHEET SIZES: 48 by 96, 51 by 100, 72 by 96, 100 by 100, 100 by 150 AVAILABLE COLORS: White (opaque and transparent), ivory, gray, bronze, Black, red, orange, brown, amber violet, etc.

GENERAL APPLICATION:     

Retail displays and fixtures – glazing Signs Picture frames Skylight Windows

ADVANCED GLAZING SYSTEM: Environmental Issues/Principal Impacts  In addition to providing a visual connection to the outdoors, and acting as a shield against weather, glazing systems impact on the heating, cooling and daylight performance of the building.  Advanced glazing systems minimise energy use for cooling and heating in the perimeter areas of a building while maintaining the benefits of comfort and connection with the outdoors.


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The benefits of an energy efficient, high performance glazing system are: 









Lowered cooling demand in the perimeter areas of the building, requiring smaller heating, ventillating and air-conditioning (HVAC) plant and reduced energy use for cooling. Higher levels of natural light (or daylight), enhancing visual and psychological comfort of occupants. A well lit, comfortable work environment has been linked with reduced absenteeism. The extra daylight can be utilised in conjunction with daylight linked electric lighting control to reduce energy use for lighting. Since electric lighting is a heat load, this has an implication in further reducing HVAC cooling needs. Over the life of the plant/building, the reduced energy use will lead to substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.

Advanced glazing systems:  Modern glazing systems may consist of two or more panes of glass, which may be laminated together to form a single pane or sealed into an insulating double glass unit at the factory.  The space between the glass panes could be filled with air or a low conductivity gas, or be evacuated.  Special spacers filled with desiccant material to prevent condensation occurring within the glazing unit are used to separate the glass panes.  High technology sealantmaterials are used for bonding the glass surfaces andspacer material.  Each glass pane may have a body tint or surface coatings.The coatings could be spectrally selective, such as low emittance coatings, which reflect infra-red energy, but transmit visible light.


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ELECTIVE- 1 LANDSCPE


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LANDSCAPING LANDSCAPE DESIGN:  Man cannot exist without plant life. The diversity amongst plants is an astonishing factor. Plants range from microscopic algae to gigantic red wood, 100 meters or more in height.  Shrubs and trees are predominantly used in any landscaping of garden, for roadside planting, public parks, institutions, colleges, complexes etc and without them no garden or landscaping scheme is complete.  Unlike annuals and plotted plants they need minimum care  Besides they play a significant role in controlling air and noise pollution in cities and towns.  It is smaller than tree in height. Handsome with its dense foliage and bright colored flowers.  Shrubs give triple pleasure in any garden with colors, fragrance and privacy. A well designed hedge with its rich green color and dense foliage looks like wall.  Depending on soil climate and care, most shrubs attain a height of 0.5 meter to 4 meter in two to four years.  Choosing of a shrub depends on several factors such as climate, space available, sunlight, variety, decorative foliage etc.  A well designed garden comprises ornamental shrubs and trees, with profuse blocks of annuals and perennials.  Bright sunlight, water and plentiful supply of organic manure form the ‘trio’ for quick growth, early production of healthy blossoms with fragrances.



The landscaping can be broadly divided in to two parts: 1. HARD LANDSCAPING 2. SOFT LANDSCAPING


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PLANTING: Planting design must strike a balance between considerations of plant function, cost, hardiness, safety, and maintenance. 1. Efforts should be made to support the existing visual character and ecological function of the site within its regional context, through the use of native plant materials wherever possible. 2. Plant material can be used to create comfortable microclimates, provide screening, circulation control, wildlife habitat, and mitigate erosive slopes or contaminated sites. 3. Initial nursery and planting costs must always be balanced against the cost of long-term maintenance . Plants are typically less expensive to buy and install than hardscape materials, and can require less maintenance if properly chosen. 4. Locally grown plant materials that are fully adapted to the region should be used whenever possible to ensure hardiness. 5. Many plant materials are poisonous, thorny, produce excessive litter, and are susceptible to broken or drooping branches, have shallow roots, or attract undesirable insects. Care must be taken in selecting plants which are safe for users and suitable for a given purpose. 6. Variety is encouraged to promote a diverse plant community that has a healthy resiliency to attack by insects or disease, especially in urban street tree applications. No single genus should be represented in an area by more than ten percent of the overall planting scheme. 7. Trees and shrubs should be protected from lawnmowers and string trimmers that girdle the trunk. Passing vehicles may break branches and compact the soil which can also damage plantings.


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                    


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  

CONCEPT: The basic idea of taking landscaping design as an advanced objective is to develop an integrated system of landscape and built form. This can be achieved by designing outdoor spaces, courtyards, water bodies, sculptures, murals etc. this adds the beauty and character to the building and brings it closer to the users. Landscapes design does not merely mean planting some trees here and there. This also calls for proper creation of user friendly spaces, giving them an environment where they would perform their function well, feel a part of whole complex, feel calm and refreshing when they are in the complex.

SELECTION CRITERIA: Selection criteria for the flora: Functional role to be played by the plant on site, for example, visual barrier, checking pollution, creating cozy court or plaza Growth habitat of plants Form generated by plants Crown density of the plant Leaf density of the plant Height of the plant Success of any landscaping design depends on the following functions: Environmental conditions


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Growth of vegetation over an extended period of time Availability of manure Future intensity of usages

CONTRIBUTION OF LANDSCPING: Effects of forms, trees, shrubs, creepers, water bodies enrichments can help in the following ways: Trees with high canopies and good spread can be used with advantage to shade the roof and such trees should be located on the south-east, Southwest position for better efficiencies. Trees with average spread can be used on east and west at a distance ranging between 20ft to 30ft from the building to cut low rays of the summer sun in tile late evening and early morning. Trees with columnar and vertical character are recommended for shelterbelts and screen both for shade and dust storm protection. Trees with different forms and dimensions when combined to create various kinds of spaces would also help in controlling the humidity anti flow of breeze.

Trees with exceptionally low stem clearance would be very useful for west and east to the low westerly rays in the evening.

SOFT LANDSCAPING:   


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       

EVERGREEN TREES FOR GREEN BACKGROUND AND BUFFERING: 

  















   




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      











       











   




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







 

DECIDIOUS TREES FOR PLANTING IN SOUTHERN DIRECTION OF BUILDING:   

























 

 



 













 HABITAT CENTRE, GHAZIABAD

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

  















 



 









SMALL TREES:   









 

 











TREES FOR AVENUES : 


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





  





 

















  







        



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


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

      

DESCRIPTION OF SHRUBS:                 


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   











   



      



       


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   

  



HARD LANDSCAPING:           

BOND PATTERNS   


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          





PAVING FOR DRIVEWAY:      


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      

TYPES OF BLOCKS AND BRICKS: 

    CONCRETE BLOCKS      

  

CLAY BRICKS:  


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       

SHA

PES AND SIZES      

       



     

  


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  

COLOURS:

       

   



     



     


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 

TEXTURE:       

   

  

DECORATIVE PAVERS: HABITAT CENTRE, GHAZIABAD

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    

ELECTIVE- 2 INTERIORS


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INTERIOR DESIGN BASIC ELEMENTS OF INTERIOR DESIGN ARE: Color Form Texture These three elements must be considered in designing. Form is defined as the shape of furniture and the structure of its frameTexture is also highly relative term it refers to how the surface of an object is perceived relative to the object aroundit. Unity or harmony has been achieved when viewers senses that all the individual element of an interior complement each other and have been chosen with one over arching theme in mind.

Rhythm in general is the pattern repetition of a motif especially in an interior project. One or more of the basic elements of interior will comprise the motif.

AN INTERIOR SPACE MUST CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING:  Large column free spaces are required for exhibiting collections. 

Interior wall surface should be subdued and have low reflectivity.



Sufficiently

large

opening

circulation

spaces are required.  Besides these the materials of flooring, walls, ceiling etc must be chosen consciously keeping in mind the above points so as to avoid the glare and multiple reflection


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WALL FINISHES:  The wall finishes should be chosen keeping in mind that they should not produce glare.

 For this they should be coated with textured Acrylic polymer paint over two coats of putty applied over the finished surface of the wall.

FLOORING:  The flooring should be provided keeping in mind the load carried by them.  They should also not produce glare and finally they should be of such a color which creates the desired environment.  For this we can use a particular type of flooring or a combination of flooring tiles.  We can use various granites, marbles, such that they do not distract attention and should not be in contrast with the exhibits.

FALSE CEILING:  False Ceiling should be designed keeping in mind the pattern of lightings to be provided.  They should also not reflect the light to check glare.  They should be straight and not curved so as to check the echoing of the sound.  They are made up of wooden or iron frames which are suspended from the slab by the iron wires or rods over which ply boards or gypsum boards could be fitted.  If wooden frames are used then the ply boards are nailed over these frames, and over these ply boards are pasted the mica sheets of desired color and texture.


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LIGHTING: The lighting used in buuildings is of three types

1. Artificial 2. Natural 3. Combination of artificial and natural. Generally SPOTLIGHTS are used to high light the objects though we can use fluorescent tube lights, concealed lights as desired.

STAGE LIGHTING: Modern stage lighting is a flexible tool in the production of :Theatre, dance, opera and other performance arts. Several different types of stage lighting instruments are used in the pursuit of the various principles or goals of lighting.

FUNCTIONS OF LIGHTING: Stage lighting has several functions, although to allow for artistic effect, no hard and fast rules can ever be applied. The functions of lighting include: 

Illumination: Any lighting design will be ineffective if the viewers cannot see the characters; unless this is the explicit intent.



Revelation of form: Altering the perception of shapes onstage, particularly three-dimensional stage elements.



Focus: Directing the audience's attention to an area of the stage or distracting them from another.



Mood: Setting the tone of a scene. Harsh red light has a totally different effect than soft lavender light.



Location and time of day: Establishing or altering position in time and space. Blues can suggest night time while orange and red can suggest a sunrise or sunset.



Projection/stage elements: Lighting may be used to project scenery or to act as scenery onstage.



Plot: A lighting event may trigger or advance the action onstage.


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QUALITIES OF LIGHTING: INTENSITY  Measured in lux, lumens and foot-candles.  For any given luminaire this depends upon the power of the lamp, the design of the instrument ,the presence or absence of colour gels or gobos, distance from the area to be lit and the beam or field angle of the fixture

 Color  Temperature is measured in Kelvin, and gel colours are organized by several different systems maintained by the color manufacturing companies.  LED fixtures create colour through additive colour mixing with red, green, and blue LEDs at different intensities. This type of colour mixing is also used frequently with borderlights and cyclorama lights to create different colours on stage and on the cyclorama. 

PATTERN Pattern refers to the shape, quality and evenness of a lamp's output. The pattern of light an instrument makes is largely determined by three factors. The first are the specifics of the lamp, reflector and lens assembly. Secondly, the specifics of how the lamp is focused affect its pattern

FOCUS, POSITION AND HANGING  Focus is a term usually used to describe where an instrument is pointed. The final focus should place the "hot spot" of the beam at the actor's head level when standing at the center of the instrument's assigned "focus area" on the stage.  Position refers to the location of an instrument in the theater's fly system or on permanent pipes in front-of-house locations.  Hanging is the act of placing the instrument in its assigned position.


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SIGNAGE SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA: EXTERIOR SIGNS Exterior sign system components are normally viewed from vehicles or by pedestrians who have parked their vehicles and are walking toward their destination.

INTERIOR SIGNS Interior sign system components should assist visitors to travel from the building entrances throughout the complex until they reach their desired destination.

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


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 



DRAWINGS


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BIBLIOGRAPHY



 ERNEST NEUFERT, ARCHITECTS DATA  Time Saver Standards for Building Types, Joseph De Chiara & John Hancock Callender  INDIAN STANDARD INSTITUTE: National Building Code  Journal of Indian Architect: A + D  Internet Explorer 


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Literature Study Final

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