LITERATURE STUDY ON
RTHO HOSPITAL
SUBMITTED BY, ISAAC JEBADURAI.R
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ANTHROPOMETRY AREA STRANDARDS DESIGN & PLANNING NORMS 01
HOSPITAL THE ART DESIGNING & SCIENCE OF DESIGNING A HOSPITAL ANYWHERE IS A COMPLEX AFFAIR. BEYOND TECHNIQAL REQUIREMENTS,THAT MODERN MEDICINE DEMANDS AND RIGID FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIFFERENT SUSTAINABLE MEDICAL DEPARTMENTS. HIPOCRATES: INJUNCTION TO THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY IS BEING “FIRST DO NOT HARM” THE DESIGNER HAS TO COPE WITH A HOST OF MORE SUBJECTIVE ISSUE LIKE THE ANXIETY OF THE PATIENT, THE STRESSFULL WORK ENVIRONMENT OF THE STAFF AND THE NEED TO BUILD A SUSTAINABLE AND HEALTHY BUILDING
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ANTHROPOMETRY HUMAN
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ANTHROPOMETRY INSTRUMENTS
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ANTHROPOMETRY STAIRCASE / RAMP/ELEVATORS
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ANTHROPOMETRY CORRIDER
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ANTHROPOMETRY DOORS & FITTINGS
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AREA STRANDARDS AREA REQUIREMENTS ADMINISTRATION : INCLUDES THE OWNERSHIP OF HOSPITAL & DOCTORS
INPATIENT DEPARTMENT :
INPATIENTS SERVICE INCLUDES PATIENTS WARD , NURSE WORKSTATIONS, THE WORK AREA ETC … PATIENCE WARD NURSE WORKSTATION THE WORK AREA
OUTPATIENTS DEPARTMENT : PREFERABLY ON THE GROUND FLOOR WITH A SEPARATE ENTRY & ADEQUATE PARKING. EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT : UNDER WHICH INTENSIVE CARE UNIT & OPERATION THEATHRE COMES IN
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AREA STRANDARDS AREA REQUIREMENTS • •
INTENCIVE CARE UNIT OPERATION THEATHRE,ETC..
RADIOLOGY & LABARATORY: INCLUDES XRAYS & CT SCAN ETC.. PHARMACY : MEDICAL STORES.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPACES
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AREA STRANDARDS SQUARE PER BED Area
Sq .ft / bed
Nursing unit
250-280
Nursery
12-18
Delivery suite
15-20
Operation theatre
30-50
Physical medicine
12-18
Radiology
25-35
Laboratory
25-35
Pharmacy
4-6
CSSD
8-25
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AREA STRANDARDS Area
Sq .ft / bed
House keeping
4-5
Laundry
12-18
Mechanical installation
50-75
Stores
25-35
Staff facilities
10-15
Administration
40-50
Total
567-751
Circulation
115-751
Total net area
682-891
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DESIGN & PLANNING OVERALL ZONING ENTRY
EMERGENCY
ADMIN
OUTPATIENT PHARMACY
DIAGNOSIS INPATIENT
THIS IS THE OVERALL ZONNING OF A HOSPITAL WITH RESPECT TO DEPARTMENTS.
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DESIGN & PLANNING OVERALL ZONING THE PARKING FOR OUTPATIENT & INPATIENT CAN BE SEPARATED. THE EMERGENCY ENTRY CAN BE USED TO ENTER EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT. THE OUTPATIENTS SHOULD BE PLACED NEAR TO DIAGNOSIS & PHARMACY TREAMENT. THE PHARMACY SHOUD BE PLACED WITH EASY ACCESS FOR OUTPATIENT & EMERGENCY. THE WARD ON INPATIENT DEPARTMENT SHOULD BE MONITERED EASILY
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DESIGN & PLANNING DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK NURSE WARD
WASH OUTPAIENT WORK AREA
WARD DESIGN : KEY PROBLEM IN DESIGNING A EFFICIENT WARD SYSTEM IS: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NURSE ROOM & PATIENCE ROOM. CONSIDERATION FOR WARD DEIGN ARE, WALK DISTANCE, VENTILATION , LIGHTING,NOISE ETC…
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DESIGN & PLANNING
L.W
R.W
C.W
DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK
WARD DESIGN
BAD OBSERVATION
TYPES OF WARD DESIGN • LINEAR WARD MANAGABLE OBSERVATION • RACE TRACK WARD GOOD OBSERVATION • COURTYARD WARD LINEAR WARD: (L.W) DESIGNED IN A LINEAR FORM (20-30 BEDS) RACETRACK WARD: (R.W) CONTRAST TO LINEAR WARD SHARE NOT MORE THAN 4 BEDS COURTYARD WARD :(C.W) COURTYARD IN THE CENTRE. THE AREA OF THE WARD DEPENDS ON THE NO OF BED.
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DESIGN & PLANNING DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK
NURSE STATION: NURSE STATION SHOULD BE PALCED NEARER WITH PROPER MONITERING OF THE PATIENTS. THE NURSE STATION SHOULD ME10 -12 SQ.M DEPENDING ON THE POSITION
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DESIGN & PLANNING DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK
NURSE STATION
SMALL PANTRY
TYPICAL LOCATION OF NURSE STATION BETWEEN WARDS THE CLEAN UTILITY ROOM & DIRTY UTILITY ROOM ARE PLACED NEAR NURSE STATION. TOILETS
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DESIGN & PLANNING DESIGN OF INPATIENT BLOCK
TOILET : THE NO OF TOILET REQUIRED IS DEPEND UPON THE NO OF BED. THE STRANDAD SIZE OF THE TOILET IS SQ.M. 3-4 THE TOILET FLOOR LEVEL SHOUD BE DEPRESSED. THE TOILET SHOULD BE HYGIENIC. THE PATIENCE TOILET SHOULD BE SEPARATED FROM NURSE TOILET THE DUCT SHOULD BE PROVIDED BETWEEN TWO TOILETS AS SHOWN, FOR VENTILATION.
TOILET
TOILET
TOILET LOCATION
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DESIGN & PLANNING DESIGN OF OUTPATIENT BLOCK & DIAGNOSIS ENTRY OUTPATIENT
ADMIN OUTPAIENT DIAGNOSIS
CONSULTING SPACE
THE OUTPATIENT SHOULD BE PROVIDED SEPARATE PARKING. THE OUTPATIENTS ARE PATIENCE WHO VISIT HOSPITAL FOR CONSULTING..AND THUS IT CONTAINS CONSULTING SPACE. THE OUTPATIENT ROOM SHOULD BE PLACED NEAR THE DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT.
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DESIGN & PLANNING DESIGN OF OUTPATIENT BLOCK & DIAGNOSIS DIAGNOSIS: ENTR
X RAYS
THE X RAY SPACE SHOULDADMIN BE DESIGNED WITH MORE CARE . OUTPAIENT THE INTERIOR DESIGN SHOULD BE THE DIANOSIS KEY TO PROTECT EMISSION OF RAYS OUTSIDE . THE LEAD IS USED TO PROTECT CT SCAN EMISSION OF RAYS THROUGH WINDOW. COMES UNDER THE DIAGNOSIS, THE CT SCAN IS PROVIDED WITH THE CONTROLLER ROOM CONTROLLER ROOM NOT MORE THAN 4 SQ.M
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DESIGN & PLANNING DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK ENTRY EMERGENCY
DOCTORS
INTENSIVE CAREUNIT OUTPAIENT DIAGNOSIS
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT. OPERATION THEATHRE. A SEPARATE EMERGENCY ENTRY SHOULD OPERATION BE THEATHRE PROVIDED. SHOULD BE PLACED IN THE GROUND FLOOR. THE GLASS PANEL ARE USED IN ICU FOR PROPER OBSERVATION OF THE PATIENCE
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DESIGN & PLANNING INTENSIVE CARE UNIT DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK SHOULD PREFERABLY BE LOCATED ON THE GROUND FLOOR WITH CONVENIENT ACCESS FROM THE OPERATION THEATRE SUIT AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT AND EASY ACCESSIBILITY FOR WARDS. IT CONSISTS PATIENT AREA, STAFF AREA, SUPPORT AREA INTENSIVE CARE UNIT FOUR BASIC REQUIREMENTS DIRECT OBSERVATION OF THE PATIENT BY NURSING AND MEDICAL STAFF SURVEILLANCE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROVISION AND EFFICIENT USE OF ROUTINE AND EMERGENCY DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES AND INTERVENTIONS. RECORDING AND MAINTENANCE OF PATIENT INFORMATION
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DESIGN & PLANNING DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK OPERATION THEATRE: OPERATION THEATRES ARE PLACED NEAR ICU UNIT. FOR EASY ACESS INCASE OF EMERGENCY. THE OPERATION THEATRE CONSISTS SEPARATE PARTITION FOR ASNESTHETIC AREA, WHERE PATIENTS ARE ANESTHIST.THE SEPARATE DRESS CHANGING ROOMS FOR DOCTORS ARE GIVEN.. PSYCHIATRIC UNIT CONSULTATION AREA CONTAINING STAFF OFFICES FOR INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY CARE SESSIONS. CONFERENCE THERAPY AREA FOR GROUP THERAPY SESSION. INPATIENT AREA FOR HOSPITALIZING PATIENTS ACTIVITIES AREA FOR OCCUPATIONAL RECREATIONAL THERAPY
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DESIGN & PLANNING DESIGN OF EMERGENCY BLOCK PHARMACY: • • • •
OUT PATIENT SHOULD HAVE READY ACCESS TO THE HOSPITAL PHARMACY TO COLLECT PRESCRIPTION. STAFF OF WARDS AND DEPARTMENT CAN ACCESS IT WITHOUT HAVING TO TRAVEL A LONG DISTANCE THOROUGH OTHER CROWDED AREAS. SUPPLIERS HAVE AN ACCESS TO IT FROM OUT SIDE SPACE REQUIRED FOR DISPENSING COUNTER CASH COUNTER DRUGS STORAGE INCLUDING DRESSINGS COOL AND COLD STORAGE ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE CIRCULATION SPACE
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NORMS & REGULATIONS MEANS OF ESCAPE TRAVEL DISTANCE :
THE PATIENT MOVEMENTS INSIDE THE HOSPITAL IS CALCULATED USING TRAVEL DISTANCE , THE SURTAIN NORMS TO BE FOLLOWED ARE,MAXIMUM TARVEL DISTANCE BETWEEN WARDS 30M.
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NORMS & REGULATIONS MEANS OF ESCAPE EXIT :
EXIT DOOR SHOULD BE PLACED NEAR SLEEPING PATIENT ROOM FOR EASY EXIT. THE EXIT CORRIDOR SHOULD NOT BE LESS THAN 2M IN WIDTH.
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NORMS & REGULATIONS SANITARY REQUIREMENTS Sl. No.
SANITARY UNIT
HOSPITALS WITH HOSPITALS WITH OUTDOOR PATIENT WARDS INDOOR PATIENT WARD
FOR MALES & FEMALES
For Males
For Females
1.
WATER CLOSET (W.C.)
ONE FOR EVERY 6 BEDS OR PART THEREOF
ONE FOR EVERY 100 PERSONS OR PART THEREOF
TWO FOR EVERY 100 PERSONS OR PART THEREOF
2. 3.
ABLUTION TAPS WASH BASINS
ONE IN EACH W.C. TWO UPTO 30 BED; ADD ONE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL 30 BEDS; OR PART THEREOF
One in EACH W.C. ONE FOR EVERY 100 PERSONS OR PART THEREOF
ONE IN EACH W.C. ONE FOR EVERY 100 PERSONS OR PART THEREOF.
4.
BATHS WITH SHOWER
ONE BATH WITH SHOWER FOR EVERY 8 BEDS OR PART THEREOF.
--
--
5.
BED PAN WASHING SINK
ONE FOR EACH WARD
-
--
6.
CLEANER’ SINKS
ONE FOR EACH WARD
7.
KITCHEN SINKS & DISH WASHERS (WHERE KITCHEN IS PROVIDED)
ONE FOR EACH WARD
8.
URINALS
--
ONE PER FLOOR MINIMUM
ONE PER FLOOR MINIMUM
--
--
ONE FOR EVERY 50 PERSONS OR PART THEREOF
--
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NORMS & REGULATIONS ELECTRICITY 1. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION • 220V FOR NORMAL CURRENT, • 380V FOR HIGH CURRENT, • IN SURGICAL WINGS: - SAFETY ELECTRICAL SUPPLY: 1.20M ABOVE THE FLOOR MINIMUM, - EXTRA ACCUMULATORS FOR ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY,-HAVE TO WORK CONTINUALLY: ONE OPERATING LAMP/CEILING FIXTURE IN EACH OPERATING ROOM FOR 3 HOURS 2. GAS INSTALLATION MINIMUM, O DEVICES TO MAINTAIN VITAL BODILY FUNCTIONS. • PUMPS FOR OXYGEN, NITROGEN, VACUUM AND PRESSURED AIR HAVE TO BE INSTALLED IN DOUBLE. • OXYGEN: SUPPLYING WITH AIR STORED IN STEEL BOTTLES OUT OF BATTERY WITH AN AUTOMATIC SWITCH.
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NORMS & REGULATIONS 4. VENTILATION : • FILTERING, DILUTION AND EXTRACTION OF AIR, • RENEWAL: 15-20VOLUMES FOR ONE HOUR. • IT IS REQUIRED TO CONSULT SAFETY MEASURES FOR VENTILATION DUCTS . • ANY UNCONTROLLED AIR CURRENT CAN’T ENTER THE OPERATING ROOM BY: - A HERMETICALLY SEALED CLOSURE OF THE ROOM 21 5.LIGHTING :
GENERAL SPACE REQUIRED - 100 E/LUX. READING - 300 E/LUX. PATIENTS& EXAMINATION -1000 E/LUX. WAITING AREA -200E/LUX. CORRIDOR -200E/LUX. CAR PARKING -500E/LUX. TOILET -200E/LUX.
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