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Running head: VEGETARIANS AND VEGANS
Vegetarians and Vegans The University of Texas at El aso Gra!e North
1
VEGETARIANS AND VEGANS
" Abstract
This literature revie# tal$s a%out vegetarians and vegans& This 'a'er #ill !o('are these lifestyles eating ha%its& So(e of the )uestions ans#ered in this 'a'er #ill %e* #hat does %eing vegetarian and vegan (ean+ ,hat is the differen!e %et#een the(* #hy do 'eo'le turn vegetarian or vegan* and finally ho# do vegetarians and vegans get their nutrients+ A lot of 'eo'le are no# !hoosing to eat less ani(al 'rodu!ts and turning into vegetarians or going a ste' further and %e!o(ing vegan& -urrently in the United States a%out .&/ (illion 'eo'le are vegetarian and 1 (illion 'eo'le are vegan 0Vegetarianis( 0Vegetarianis( in A(eri!a* n&d&
VEGETARIANS AND VEGANS
/
Introduction
-urrently in the United States a%out .&/ (illion 'eo'le are vegetarian and 1 (illion 'eo'le are vegan 0Vegetarianis( 0Vegetarianis( in A(eri!a* n&d& So(e of the )uestions ans#ered in this 'a'er #ill %e* #hat does %eing vegetarian and vegan (ean+ ,hat is the differen!e %et#een the(* #h y do 'eo'le turn vegetarian or vegan* in #hat #ays is %eing vegetarian healthier than eating (eat* and finally ho# do vegetarians and vegans get their nutrients+
VEGETARIANS AND VEGANS
2
What Does Being Vegetarian and Vegan Vegan Mean?
Vegetarians Vegetarians are 'eo'le #ho do not eat (eat* !hi!$en* or fish& Vegetarians egetarians do eat dairy 'rodu!ts and ani(al 'rodu!ts& They !an also #ear leather and use things (ade fro( ani(als& There are t#o ty'es of vegetarians& 3a!to4ovo 3a! to4ovo vegetarians eat dairy 'rodu!ts su!h as eg gs* %utter* and (il$5 #hereas ovo4vegetarians only eat eggs* no (eat* and no other ty'es of dairy 06ey* A''le%y* 7 Rossel "889& Another ty'e of eating lifestyle is vegan& eo'le #ho are vegan dont eat (eat* !hi!$en* fish* dairy 'rodu!ts* ani(al %y 'rodu!ts su!h as honey and gelatin& Also* they dont #ear leather or use anything that !o(es fro( a n ani(al& So(e things 'eo'le (ight not sto' to thin$ it !o(es fro( an ani(al is honey* (arsh(allo#s* and even so(e !os(eti!s& ;oney !o(es fro( %ees and vegans dont eat honey %e!ause of this reason* and (arsh(allo#s !ontain gelatin #hi!h !o(es fro( a 'ig or !o#& So(e ingredients found in (a$eu' that !o(es fro( ani(als are !ar(ine* guanine* tallo#* gelatin* lanolin* s)ualene* and (u!h (ore 0Ryan* "81<& -o!hineal Dye* also $no#n as !ar(ine !ar (ine and natural red 2* !o(es !o (es fro( the %eetles that feed on
VEGETARIANS AND VEGANS
<
!a!tus& They give the red dye d ye found in (ostly li'sti!$s and !hee$ %lushes& 0Ryan* "81<&
06ailei* n&d&
Why Do People Turn Vegetarian and Vegan?
VEGETARIANS AND VEGANS
9
0=ui!$(e(e&!o(* n&d& The veganis( (ove(ent has %e!o(e (ore 'o'ular and is ex'e!ted to $ee' on rising 0-riti!al ers'e!tives on Veganis( Veganis( "819). A lot of 'eo'le turn vegetarians and>or vegans for (ulti'le reasons& So(e 'eo'le do it %e!ause %e!au se of religion* so(e do it to %e healthier or to lose #eight* #hile so(e do it for the ani(als sa$e& A lot of 'eo'le no# are ani(al a!tivists that save ani(als fro( %eing eaten or used for !lothes& No# a lot of ani(als are %eing in?e!ted #ith hor(ones or %eing fed !orn #hi!h is not nutritious to the ani(als& ,hen 'eo'le go %u y eggs* so(e %rands have signs on their egg !artons that say @vegetarian fed !hi!$ens and no hor(ones or anti%ioti!s added& A lot of !o#s* 'oultry* 'oultry* and fish are %eing in?e!ted #ith hor(ones to (a$e the( gro#& Bn!e these ani(als are in?e!ted they get fat and su''ly (ore (eat to 'eo'le& -o#s are one of the to' ani(als that are %eing fed !orn& -o#s are a re not %orn to eat !orn* only grass* so #hen far(ers feed the( !orn they get fat )ui!$ %ut they get si!$ and are 'rone to e4!oli %e!ause their sto(a!hs !ant the !orn #ell& 0;o# Does Eating a lot of -orn Affe!t -o#s* n&d&& Another reason 'eo'le go vegetarian and an d vegan is to redu!e the ris$ of !an!er* heart 'ro%le(s* dia%etes* high %lood 'ressure* and !holesterol&
VEGETARIANS AND VEGANS
.
A lot of do!tors and nutritionists are en!ouraging 'eo'le to at least sto' eating red (eats& They say !hi!$en and fish are lean (eats and dont !ause a higher ris$ of develo'ing heart disease or !holesterol& In what ways is being vegetarian healthier than eating meat?
0;al'erin* "819 In Car!h "81"* a study of 1"1*/2" 'eo'le that ate red (eat sho#ed they had a higher in!reased ris$ of dying fro( heart disease and !an!er& Then* another study in "88/ sho#ed that vegetarians and even very lo# (eat diets for "8 years or (ore a!tually a!tuall y in!reased life s'an %y three in a half years* and the sa(e year %ut a different study sho#ed ./*/8 'eo'le #ho #ere vegetarian had ad 1" redu!tion of (ortality rate& So(e studied even sho# that longevity !ould %e gender related as #ell& In the su((er of "881* a study of the -hristian religion* Seventh4Day Adventist* sho#ed that vegetarian (en had a life longevity in!rease of al(ost seven in a half years and a%out four in a half years for #o(en 0Should eo'le Fe!o(e Vegetarian+ egetarian+ n&d& ow do vegetarians and vegans get their nutrients?
A lot of 'eo'le that #onder ho# vegetarians get their nutrients their %ody needs to thrive& eo'le that eat (eat get their iron* 'roteins* and other essential vita(ins fro( (eat and dairy 'rodu!ts& or vegetarians* they get their iron and 'roteins fro( eating legu(es* li$e %eans* lentils* and* they get iron fro( green leaves* su!h as s'ina!h and $ale& or !al!iu( and vita(in
VEGETARIANS AND VEGANS
D* vegetarians and vegans drin$ soy (il$* al(ond (il$* and ta$e vita(in D 'ills as #ell& Hin! strengthens the i((une syste( and it is very i('ortant so 'eo'le dont get si!$& This !an also %e found in %eans* lentils* gar%anos and leafy greens& Eating fennel and flax seed #ill also hel' #ith the o(ega / fatty a!ids& 0a(ily Do!tor* "81.
inally* to su((arie* vegetarians and vegans follo# the sa(e eating rules* %ut vegans are stri!ter& Vegans (ust read every single ingredient %e!ause not all vegan ite(s have la%els& There has %een (ulti'le studies sho#ing that vegetarian diets do 'rove to %e (ore healthier than eating (eat& It lo#ers heart 'ro%le(s* high %lood 'ressure* as #ell as hel'ing hel'ing 'eo'le lose #eight& ,ith ,ith a lot of reading u' on vegetarian diets* 'eo'le #ho #ant to %e!o(e vegetarian !an learn to do it the right #ay to get all the nutrients and 'roteins as a regular (eat eater gets&
VEGETARIANS AND VEGANS
J Referen!es
-astri!ano* K&* 7 Si(onsen* R& R& 0Eds&& 0"819& Critical Perspectives on Veganism 0The Veganism 0The algrave Ca!(illan Ani(al Ethi!s Series& doi:18&188.>J.4/4/1J4//21J49 Gavin* C& 3&* CD& 0"812* B!to%er& ,hatLs a Vegetarian+ Vegetarian+ Retrieved Car!h <* "81.* fro( htt':>>$idshealth&org>en>$ids>vegetarian&ht(l ;o# does eating !orn affe!t !o#s+ 0n&d&& Retrieved Car!h "/* "81.* fro( htt':>>ani(als&(o(&(e>eating4lot4!orn4affe!t4!o#s4JNS"88<21 rodu!ts& Retrieved Car!h "/* "81.* fro( htt':>>###&onegreen'lanet&org>ani(alsandnature>!o((on4!os(eti!4ingredients4derived4 fro(4ani(al4'rodu!ts> Ryan* & & 0"81<* e%ruary "2& 18 -o((on -os(eti! Ingredients That Are Derived ro( Ani(al Should 'eo'le %e!o(e vegetarian& veg etarian& 0"819* August & Retrieved Car!h "/* "81.* fro( htt':>>vegetarian&'ro!on&org> Vegan diet: ho# to get the nutrients you need& 0"81.* e%ruary& Retrieved Car!h "/* "81.* fro(
