UILDING NAME: EDITT TOWER OCATION: SINGAPORE RIGINAL ARCHITECT: TR HAMZAH + YEANG
“THE DESIGN OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT ENCLOSURES HAS THE POTENTIAL TO TRANSFORM ARCHITECTUREAL DESIGN FROM BEING AN UNCERTAIN, SEEMINGLY , SCIENCE.” KEN YEANG
RIGINAL YEAR: 1998 COMETITION, UNDER CONSTRUCTION ENOVATION ARCHITECT: N/A - NEW CONSTRUCTION ENOVATION YEAR: N/A - NEW CONSTRUCTION ENOVATION STRATEGIES: ‘PLACE-MAKING;’ RESPONSD TO SITE’S ECOLOGY; VERTICALLANDSCAPING; ‘LOOSE-FIT;’ BUILDING MATERIALS RECYCLING/REUSE; WATER-RECYCLING + PURIFICATION; SOLID WASTE AND SEWAGE RECYCLING; SOLAR ENERGY USE; NATURAL VENTILATION + “MIXED-MODE” SERVICING
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‘PLACE-MAKING’
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RESPOND TO SITE’S ECOLOGY
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VERTICAL LANDSCAPING
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‘LOOSE-FIT’
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BUILDING MATERIAL REUSE
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WATER RECYCLING + PURIFICATION
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SOLID WASTE RECYCLING
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SOLAR ENERGY USE
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NATURAL VENTILATION + MIXED-MODE SERVICING
ENERGY + ENVIRONMENT + PROGRAM + FINANCIAL VALUE +
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CATEGORYOF CHANGE KEY PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT / ENERGY
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FINANCIALVALUE FINANCIALVALUE + PROGRAM
00 WORD DESCRIPTION: THE SITE OF THE EDITT TOWER WAS DETERMINED FROM THE OUTSET TO SUFFER FROM A “ZERO-CULTURE” URBAN CONDITION. THE URBAN REDEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (URA) OF SINGAPORE COMMISSIONED YEANG TO DEVELOP A 26-STOREY EXPOSITION TOWER WITH POTENTIAL FOR FUTURE TRANSFORMATION TO OFFICES OR APARTMENTS. YEANG USED THE PROJECT AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO FURTHER DEVELOP HIS CONCEPTION OF A CIVILIZED VERTICAL URBANISM WHICH STRIVES TO CONTINUOUSLY EXTEND STREET-LIFE INTO THE ELEVATED LEVELS OF THE SKYSCRAPER. YEANG’S RIGOROUS ECOLOGICAL APPROACH EMPLOYS NINE SIGNIFICANT ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES. THOUGH THESE METHODS ARE NEITHER UNIQUE NOR NOVEL, ‘IT IS THE COORDINATED COLLECTIVE EFFECT OF THEIR APPLICATION THAT BEARS CAREFUL CONSIDERATION. ALTHOUGH THIS IS A NEW CONSTRUCTION PROJECT THE PRINCIPLES ARE READILY APPLICABLE TO RETROFITS OF EXISTING HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS.
ENVIRONMENT/ENERGY+ PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT/ENERGY+ FINANCIAL ENERGY+ FINANCIAL+ PROGRAM
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+ THE CATHEDRAL AND THE BAZAAR
ERIC S. RAYMOND -2003 THE EDITT TOWER CLEARLY EMBODIES ‘THE BAZAAR’ MODEL OF PROJECT DEVELOPMENT WHICH OPTS FOR OPEN-SOURCING AND CONTINUAL EVOLUTION AND UPDATING OF THE PROJECT’S ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES, AND EVEN ITS PROGRAM ITSELF.
+ THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE WELL-TEMPERED ENVIRONMENT REYNER BANHAM
CONSISTANT WITH BANHAM’S ESSAY, THE EDITT TOWER COMPREHENSIVELY ASSESSES THE FEASIBILITY OF AUGMENTING ACTIVE MECHANICAL CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEMS WITH PASSIVE SYSTEMS THAT TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE LIMITLESS NATURAL RESOURCES OF A GIVEN SITE.
FOOT + BIG MICHAEL SPECTER - 2008 SYSTEMS SUCH AS THE VERTICAL WASTE RECYCLING SHAFT WITH MECHANICAL SEPERATOR ALLOW THE EDITT TOWER TO LITERALLY ACCOUNT FOR ITS WEEKLY ‘OUTPUTS’ BACK INTO THE LARGER CONTEXT. TO THE GREATEST EXTENT POSSIBLE THE ‘CARBON FOOTPRINT’ OF ITS OCCUPANTS AND THE BUILDING ITSELF IS MINIMIZED THROUGH THE USE OF PASSIVE TREATMENT AND FILTRATION SYSTEMS FOR RAINWATER, WASTE REMOVAL, BUILDING MATERIAL REUSE, SOLAR ENERGY USE AND NATURAL VENTILATION.
+ ELEMENTS OF PARAMETRIC DESIGN
ROBERT WOODBURY - 2010 YEANG’S APPROACH TO THE EDITT TOWER IS EXCEEDINGLY APPLICABLE TO THE PARAMETRIC DESIGN WOODBURY DISCUSSES. SYSTEMS SUCH AS THE WING-WALL AND THE REFUSAL TO REDUCE ASKYSCRAPER TO A MINDLESS REPETITION OF ‘TYPICAL FLOOR PLANS’ WOULD BE NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE WITHOUT APARAMETER-DRIVEN DESIGN APPROACH.
ARCHITECTURE DURING A REVOLUTION + SUSTAINING SUSANNAH HAGAN - 2009 THE SIMPLE FACT THAT AN ‘ECO-SKYSCRAPER’ SUCH AS THE EDITT TOWER IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION - WITH MANY PREDECESSORS AND NEW TOWERS TO FOLLOW IS EVIDENCE OF HAGAN’S ARGUMENT THAT THE CORPORATIONS CAN NO LONGER VIEW SUSTAINABILI TY AS ACONCESSION TO EXTREMISTS. THE PROJECT RIGOROUSLY DEMONSTRATES THE FINANCIAL SAVINGS, BOTH IMMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM THAT AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO HIGH-RISE DESIGN OFFERS.
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‘PLACE-MAKING’
RESPOND TO SITE’S ECOLOGY
VERTICAL LANDSCAPING
‘LOOSE-FIT’
BUILDING MATERIAL REUSE
EDITT TOWER ADAPTATION STRATEGIES
COMPATIBLE WITH YEANG’S
WATER RECYCLING/PURIFICATION THEORY OF ‘LOOSE-FITTING’
SOLID WASTE RECYCLING
SOLAR ENERGY USE
NATURAL VENTILATION + MIXED-MODE SERVICING MIXED-MODE SERVICING IS YEANG’S STRATEGY OF REDUCING MECHANICAL AIR CONDITIONING AND OTHER ACTIVE SYSTEMS BY OPTIMIZING PASSIVE SYSTEMS, SUCH AS COOLING FROM THE SITE. WIND IS USED TO CREATE INTERNAL COMFORT CONDITIONS BY MEANS OF INTRODUCING NATURAL VENTILATION AND ‘WING-WALLS’ PLACED PARALLEL TO PREVAILING WIND IN ORDER TO DIRECT AIRFLOW TO INTERNAL SPACES AND SKYCOURTS TO ASSIST WITH BREEZE COOLING.
HEAVY SOLAR-SHIELDING ALONG THE EAST FACADE REDUCES SOLAR HEAT GAIN. THIS IS PRIMARILY ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH THE INCLUSION OF AN OPAQUE UNIFIED ‘WALL’ OF STAIR TOWERS, LIFTS AND RESTROOMACCOMMODATION. EXTENSIVE USE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS AS A MAJOR FORMATION ON THE EAST FACADE ASSIST WITH THE ENERGY DEMANDS OF THE BUILDING.
SOLID WASTE RECYCLING IS HANDLED THROUGH AVERTICAL CHUTE ACCESSIBLE FROM ALL FLOORS WHICH DELIVERS MATERIALS DIRECTLY TO A MECHANICAL WASTE SEPARATOR AT THE BASEMENT LEVELS OF THE BUILDING WHICH SORTS MATERIALS AND PREPARES FOR EFFICIENT WASTE COLLECTION FOR RECYCLING.
THE BUILDING SERVES AS A RAINWATER COLLECTION DEVICE PRIMARILY THROUGH THE CURVILINEAR ROOFTOP COLLECTOR AND ASYSTEM OF SCALLOP-SHAPED FACADE COLLECTORS. ONCE COLLECTED THE WATER IS SUBJECTED TO ALARGELY PASSIVE GRAVITY FILTRATIONSYSTEM
(SEE STRATEGY TO RIGHT) PROGRAMMATIC DIVISIONS WITHIN THE ECO-SKYSCRAPER, THE VAST MAJORITY OF ‘TEMPORARY’ BUILDING MATERIALS ARE DESIGNED AND INSTALLED IN SUCH AWAY AS TO FACILITATE EASE O F DISMANTLING AND REUSE. THIS IS LARGELY EXECUTED THROUGH WELL PLANNED MECHANICAL JOINTING OF SHEET MATERIALS AND CONNECTIONS AND REMOVABLE PARTIONS AND FLOORS.
YEANG’S ‘LOOSE-FIT’ DESIGN STRATEGY IS AWAY OF CONSIDERING THE LIKELIHOOD OF ABUILDING’S PROGRAMMATIC EVOLUTION FROM THE OUTSET OF THE DESIGN PROCESS. EACH ECO-SKYSCRAPER IS DESIGNED TO ABSORB CHANGE AND REFITTING OVER ALIFE-SPAN OF 100-150 YEARS WITH AHIGH LEVEL OF FLOOR OCCUPANCY EFFICIENCY. THIS INVOLVES REMOVABLE PARTIONS AND FLOORS, REUSE OF SKYCOURTS, MECHANICAL JOINTING TO ENABLE FUTURE RECOVERY OF MATERIALS - ALL WITH AMATRIX BASED ON FLEXIBILITY AS APARAMOUNT CONDITION. IN THE CASE OF THE EDITT TOWER, YEANG ALLOWS THE BUILDING TO EVOLVE TO AN OFFICE OR RESIDENTIAL PROGRAM LONG AFTER THE ORIGINAL EXPOSITION TOWER PROGRAM HAS BEEN RETIRED.
YEANG’S PROJECTS ADVOCATE FOR INTERNAL INTEGRATION OF BIOMASS INTO ABUILDING’S INORGANIC MASS BY MEANS OF INTERNAL LANDSCAPING, AND INTERNAL AIR QUALITY (IAQ) CONSIDERATIONS. THIS FURTHER ASSISTS WITH CREATING AMBIENT COOLING, EASING THE DEMANDS ON ACTIVE MECHANICAL SYSTEMS. HE IDENTIFIES THE FOLLOWING THREE BASIC STRATEGIES FOR GUIDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOMASS AND THE BUILTENVIRONMENT:
JUXTAPOSITIONING CONCENTRATED PLACEMENT OF GREENINGMATERIALSATA FEW LOCATIONS
INTERMIXING PATCHYDISTRIBUTION THROUGHOUTTHE BUILDINGMASS
IN ADDITION PASSIVE LIGHTING SYSTEMS SUCH AS LIGHT-SHELVES ARE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE DEPENDENCY UPON ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING SYSTEMS
INTEGRATING GENERALLY TAKING THE FORM OF A SPIRALWRAPPING THROUGHOUT THE BUILDING, INTEGRATING ALLOWS FOR ALINK TO THE EXISTENTGROUNDPLANE VEGETATION
YEANG IDENTIFIES INTEGRATION AS THE OPTIMAL CONDITION, WHICH ENABLES SPECIES INTERACTION AND MIGRATION.
CATEGORYOF CHANGE KEY PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT / ENERGY FINANCIALVALUE FINANCIALVALUE + PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT/ENERGY+ PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT/ENERGY+ FINANCIAL ENERGY+ FINANCIAL+ PROGRAM
YEANG ADVOCATES FOR AN EXHAUSTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE NATIVE ECOSYSTEM HIERARCHY AT THE OUTSET OF THE DESIGN PROCESS. IN THE CASE OF THE EDITT TOWER, YEANG IDENTIFIED THE SITE AS AN URBAN ‘ZERO-CULTURE’ MEANING THAT ALL NATIVE ECOLOGY HAD BEEN ANIHILATED. THE DESIGN APPROACH FOCUSED ON THE RESTORATION OF ORGANIC MASS TO ENABLE ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION TO REPLACE THE INORGANIC NATURE OF THE SITE IN ITS CURRENT STATE OF DEVASTATION. SPECIES WERE SELECTED THROUGH THE CONDUCTION OF ASURVEY OF INDIGENOUS PLANTING WITHIN AONE MILE RADIUS OF THE SITE SO AS TO SELECT SPECIES THAT WOULD NOT COMPETE WITH THOSE ALREADYPRESENT.
THE TERM ‘PLACE-MAKING’ REPRESENS YEANG’S SOLUTION FOR SOLVING THE FAILURES OF THE MODERN SKYSCRAPER. THE MAJOR PROBLEM HE IDENTIFIES IN THE CONTEMPORARY HIGH-RISE IS ONE OF POOR SPATIAL CONTINUITY BETWEEN STREET-LEVEL ACTIVITIES AND THOSE ON THE UPPER FLOORS OF THE TOWER, WHICH IS CONVENTIONALLY BASED ON REPETITIOUS, PHYSICAL COMPARTMENTALISATION OF FLOORS WITHIN AN INHERENTLY SEALED ENVELOPE. INSTEAD, YEANG ARGUES FOR A CIVILIZED VERTICAL URBANISM ACONTINUOUS EXTENSION OF STREET LIFE INTO THE ELEVATED LEVELS OF THE SKYSCRAPER INCLUDING SKYCOURTS, ATRIAL SPACES AND PLAZAS AS ONE WOULD FIND IN A HORIZONTAL CITY. AS YEANG DESCRIBES: “SKYSCRAPERS COULD BE DESIGNED AS ASERIES OF VERTICAL EVENTS LIKE A SUPERBURGER , WITH AVARIETY OF SPATIAL DELICACIES AT EACH LEVEL. IN THE CASE OF THE EDITT TOWER, YEANG FOLLOWS THE LINEAGE OF LE CORBUSIER AND RICHARD MEIER IN GLORIFYING THE RAMP AS ACONTINUAL ARCHITECTURAL PROMENADE AND ANEW PROGRAMMATIC SPACE.
BUILDING NAME: CATHEDRAL OF ST. JOHN THE DIVINE BIOSPHERE AND TRANSEPT COMPLETION LOCATION: NEW YORK, NEW YORK ORIGINAL ARCHITECT: HEINS & LA FARGE (1892) CRAM & FERGUSON (1911)
“OUR PROPOSED BIO-SHELTER... WOULD ELP US COMPLETE THE BUILDING OF THE CATHEDRAL AND MOST IMPORTANTLY, RING ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES INTO A AILY WORK.” SANTIAGO CALATRAVA
ORIGINAL YEAR: 1892 - PRESENT (UNFINISHED) RENOVATION ARCHITECT: SANTIAGO CALATRAVA RENOVATION YEAR: 1992 (COMPETITION WINNER - NOT BEGUN) RENOVATION STRATEGIES: - COMBINATION OF SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT PROGRAMS (CATHEDRAL AND BIOSPHERE); -NATURAL VENTILATION - USE PLANTS TO CONVERT CO 2 RICH AIR TO O2 RICH AIR - LOCALLY PRODUCE ORGANIC FOOD WITHOUT BURNING FOSSIL FUELS - USE OF GREENHOSUE AS A TEMPERATURE REGULATOR 100 WORD DESCRIPTION: CALATRAVA’S WINNING 1992 COMPETITION SUBMISSION TO COMPLETE THE SOUTH TRANSEPT OF THE CATHEDRAL OF ST. JOHN THE DIVINE WITH A ROOFTOP BIOSTATION OFFERS A PASSIVE CLIMATE CONTROL MECHANISM WHILE INTRODUCING AS A RADICAL JUXTAPOSITION OF PROGRAMS; AGE AND STYLE. THE PROJECT SUGGESTS A DUALITY OF SIMULTANEOUS DETERIORATION AND NEW CONSTRUCTION, AN EMBODIMENT OF FRANK DUFFY’S ‘SHEARING LAYERS OF CHANGE’ DIAGRAM.
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JUXTAPOSED PROGRAMS
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USE PLANTS TO CONVERT CO2 RICH AIR TO O2 RICH AIR
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NATURALVENTILATION
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LOCALLY PRODUCE ORGANIC FOOD WITHOUT THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS
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USE OF GREENHOUSE AS A TEMPERATURE REGULATOR
ENERGY + ENVIRONMENT + PROGRAM + FINANCIAL VALUE
CATEGORYOF CHANGE KEY PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT / ENERGY FINANCIALVALUE FINANCIALVALUE + PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT/ENERGY+ PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT/ENERGY+ FINANCIAL ENERGY+ FINANCIAL+ PROGRAM
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PHILIP JOHNSON COMMENDED CALATRAVA’S PROPOSAL AS “RECONCILING THE PAST AND THE FUTURE.” THE PROJECT REINTERPRETS THE STRUCTURAL RATIONALISM OF THE GOTHIC STYLE IMBUING THE SECULAR PROJECT WITH A SACRED AURA.
STUDIO READINGS
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1 NOTE: ONE FAULTOF CALATRAVA’S PROPOSAL IS THATTHE ANGLE OFINCIDENCE FOR THE
SOUTH-FACING LONGITUDIN ALSURFACE OF THE BIOSPHERE DOES NOTALLOW FOR THE INCREASED DEGREE OF REFLECTION THATA HORIZONTAL SURFACE WOULD HAVE GENERATED. THIS MEANS THATDURING THE HOTTESTMONTHS, MOST OF THE SUN’S LIGHTWAVES PENETRATE THE GLASS FACADE CREATING INCREASED SOLAR HEATGAIN DEMANDS THATN ATURAL VENTILATIONALONEMAYNOT BEABLETO PASSIVELYCOMPENSATEFOR.
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+THE CATHEDRAL AND THE BAZAAR ERIC S. RAYMOND -2003
BOTH LITERALLY AND FIGURATIVELY, THE BIOSPHERE FOR THE CATHEDRAL OF ST. JOHN THE DIVINE EMBODIES RAYMOND’S TYPOLOGY OF A ‘CATHEDRAL’MO DEL FOR PROJECT COORDINATION. LARGELY DUE TO THE CURSORY ‘COMPETITION PROPOSAL’ LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT, THE BIOSPHERE IS NEITHER RESPONSI VE TO CHANGING DESIGN INPUTS, NOR IMPLEMENTABLE ON A STEP-BY-STEP BASIS. THIS IS NEVERTHELESS SOMEWHAT IN KEEPING WITH THE EXAGGERATED NOTION OF TIME THAT A PROJECT THAT WAS BEGUN IN 1892 AND NEVER COMPLETED EMBODIES.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE WELL-TEMPERED ENVIRONMENT +THE REYNER BANHAM WITH THE MASSIVE SCALE OF THE CATHEDRAL, BANHAM’S ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL AND PASSIVE CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEMS READS AS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT TO THE CATHEDRAL BIOSPHERE PROJECT. MANY OF THE PRECEDENTS BANHAM DISCUSSES - SUCH AS THE LARKIN BUILDING AND ROYAL VICTORA HOSPITAL EMPLOYED SIMILAR SYSTEMS.
+BIG FOOT
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MICHAEL SPECTER - 2008 CALATRAVA’S PROJECT USES A CITY-LANDMARK TO DRIVE HOME AN UNVOIDABLE MESSAGE, NOT ONLY TO THE COMMUNITY OR CITY, BUT TO THE ENTIRE COUNTRY, THAT NO SCALE OF PROJECT IS TOO BIG TO BE EXEMPT FROM BEING ACCOUNTABLE FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF ITS CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION.
JUXTAPOSED PROGRAMS
USE PLANTS TO CONVERT CO2 RICH AIR TO O 2 RICH AIR
NATURAL VENTILATION
C.S.J.D. BIOSTATION ADAPTATION STRATEGIES LOCALLY PRODUCE ORGANIC FOOD WITHOUT THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS
USE OF GREENHOUSE AS A TEMPERATURE REGULATOR THE RAISED GREENHOUSE IS FUNDAMENTAL TO CALATRAVA’S NEW CONCEPTION OF A LARGELY PASSIVE CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE CATHEDRAL. AIR WARMED THROUGH SOLAR HEAT GAIN OF THE GREENHOUSE TO BE DRAWN DOWN INTO THE NAVE AND CRYPT. AS LIGHT WAVES PASS THROUGH THE GLASS PANES OF THE GREENHOUSE THEY ARE LENGTHENED WHICH PREVENTS THEM FROM EXITING THE VOLUME OF THE SPACE - ACLASSIC USE O F ‘GREENHOUSE EFFECT’ FOR PASSIVE HEATING. THE PASSIVE FILTERING OF AIR THAT THE ORGANIC MATTER PROVIDES FURTHER ALLOWS FOR A GREATER RETENTION AND RECYCLING OF WARMED AIR WHICH EASES THE HEATING LOAD DURING THE WINTER MONTHS. NATURAL VENTILATION AND AMBIENT COOLING LIKEWISE ALLOWS FOR REDUCTION OF COOLING DEMANDS DURING SUMMER MONTHS.
CATEGORYOF CHANGE KEY PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT / ENERGY FINANCIALVALUE FINANCIALVALUE + PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT/ENERGY+ PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT/ENERGY+ FINANCIAL ENERGY+ FINANCIAL+ PROGRAM
THE BIOSTATION COULD BE POTENTIALLY USED FOR LOCAL PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC FOOD, GREATLY DIMINISHING THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS INVOLVED IN TRANSPORTATION OF FOOD FROM LARGE DISTANCES. THIS STRATEGY CONTRIBUTES TO AREDUCTION OF ‘CARBON FOOTPRINT’ FOR THE SURROUNDING COMMUNITY.
CALATRAVACHOSE TO O PEN THE BIO SHELTER’S ROOF TO THE SKY, REPLACING THE EXISTING I NSUFFICIENT TIMBER STRUCTURE WITH ANEW STEEL AND GLASS STRUCTURE EVOCATIVE OF GOTHIC TRACERY DETAIL. THESE PANELS CAN ROTATE ABOUT THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS TO ALLOW FOR OPENING OF THE ROOF AND NATURAL VENTILATION. THIE PRESERVES THE ORIGINAL SHAPE OF THE ROOF WHILE ALLOWING RAIN, ILGHT AND AIR TO ENTER DIRECTLY TO THE ROOFTOP GARDEN.
THE DENSE POPULATION OF ORGANIC MATTER THROUGHOUT THE BIOSHELTER IS INTENDED TO CONVERT CARBON DIOXIDE RICH AIR BACK TO OXYGEN RICH AIR, PROVIDING A PASSIVE MEANS OF FILTERING AIR. CALATRAVAINTENDED THIS FRESH AIR TO BE DRAWN DOWN INTO THE CRYPT AND NAVE TO EASE THE DEMANDS UPON MECHANICAL SYSTEMS FOR AIR FILTRATION.
CALATRAVA’S CHOICE TO INTEGRATE THE SEEMINGLY DISPARATE PROGRAMS OF CATHEDRAL AND BIOSHELTER REPRESENTS ADISTINCTLY RADICAL JUXTAPOSITION OF PROGRAMS. THE LARGE OCULUS LOCATED AT THE CROSSING OF THE TRANSEPT AND NAVE ALLOWS FOR VISUAL CONNECTION BETWEEN THE CATHEDRAL AND ROOFTOP GARDEN. ONE CAN INFER THROUGH CALATRAVA’S SKETCHES ADELIBERATE ATTEMPT TO REINTERPRET GOTHIC STRUCTURE THROUGH THE LENS OF NATURE. THESE TWO STACKED PROGRAMS REPRESENT AN ARCHITECTURAL MANIFESTATION OF TWO VERY DI FFERENT FORMS OF COMMUNION - ONE OF RELIGIOUS FORMALITY AND THE OTHER OF SECULAR INFORMALITY.
UILDING NAME: URBAN SPACE STATION (USS) OCATION: 40% SCALE MOCK-UP AT REINA SOFIA MUSEUM, MADRID RIGINAL ARCHITECT: NATALIE JEREMIJENKO OF xDESIGN RIGINAL YEAR: PROTOTYPE AT 2008 MADRID EXHIBITION ENOVATION ARCHITECT: N/A - NEW CONSTRUCTION
“HYDROPONIC GREENHOUSE, TURNS AIR WE BREATH OUT INTO AIR WE CAN BREATH IN. USES SOLAR-POWERED TURBINES TO PUMP THIS AIR. CONVERTS (BIODEGRADABLE) HUMAN WASTE INTO FOOD FOR PLANTS. PLANTS ARE EDIBLE BY HUMANS. GREENHOUSE CREATES CONDENSATION WHICH IS COLLECTED FOR AQUARIUM-DWELLING ANIMALS, ALSO EDIBLE BY HUMANS AND HAMSTERS. BEAUTIFUL GREEN BUILDING HELMETS. HOW THIS PROJECT WOULD WORK, HYPOTHETICALLY, IS BY APPOINTMENT. GO TO YOUR ‘CLINIC,’ GET A PRESCRIPTION, SET UP A MEETING. HAVE YOUR BUILDING EVALUATED, FIGURE OUT THE LOG ISTICS OF YOUR SPACE, AND GET READY TO SET UP. HAVE WHAT THEY REFER TO AS, WONDERFULLY, A ‘BARN RAISING EVENT.’ AND GET YOURSELF SET UP! ALL THE STUFF NEEDED TO DO THIS PROJECT CAN BE BOUGHT RELATIVELY CHEAPLY AND CAN BE ONSTRUCTED BY A GROUP OF PEOPLE WITHOUT BIG MACHINES. URBAN AGRICULTURE, URBAN ARCHITECTURE.” NATALIE JEREMIJENKO
ENOVATION YEAR: N/A - NEW CONSTRUCTION
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USE PLANTS TO CONVERT CO2 RICH AIR TO O 2 RICH AIR
ENERGY + ENVIRONMENT +
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RECYCLE HUMAN WASTE + BIODEGRADABLE GARBAGE
PROGRAM +
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LOCALLY PRODUCE ORGANIC FOOD WITHOUT THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS
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ENCOURAGE SOCIAL COHERENCE WITHIN NEIGHBORHOODS
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CONDENSATION COLLECTION TO CULTIVATE EDIBLE ALGAE, FISH, ETC.
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USE OF GREENHOUSE AS A TEMPERATURE REGULATOR CATEGORYOF CHANGE KEY PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT / ENERGY
ENOVATION STRATEGIES: - USE PLANTS TO CONVERT CO 2 RICH AIR TO O2 RICH AIR - RECYCLE HUMAN WASTE + BIODEGRADABLE GARBAGE - LOCALLY PRODUCE ORGANIC FOOD WITHOUT BURNING FOSSIL FUELS - ENCOURAGE SOCIAL COHERENCE WITHIN NEIGHBORHOODS - ALLOW FOR CONDENSATION COLLECTION TO CULTIVATE EDIBLE ALGAE, SHRIMP, FROGS, FISH ETC. - ACT AS TEMPERATURE REGULATORS 00 WORD DESCRIPTION: THE URBAN SPACE STATION (USS) IS AN ADVANCED INFLATABLE ETFE GREENHOUSE PROTOTYPE THAT ARGUES FOR A RADICAL RETHINKING OF MODERN AIR HANDLING UNITS AND HVAC SYSTEMS. THEY PROTOTYPICAL PNEUMATIC STRUCTURE CAN BE ADAPTED TO MOST CLIMATES AND URBAN SITES BY BEING HELIPORTED OR LOCALLY ‘BARN-RAISED’ BY COMMUNITY MEMBERS. IT OFFERS PASSIVE SOLUTIONS TO HUMAN WASTE RECYCLING,TEMPERATUREREGULATION AND CO 2 FILTRATION. THE 40% SCALE PROTOTYPE SHOWN HERE WAS BUILT FOR A 2008 REINA SOFIA MUSEUM EXHIBITION AND A USER LIVED FOR A SHORT TIME IN THE USS BREATHING THE FILTERED AIR, RECYCLING HIS HUMAN WASTE, AND EATING THE PLATNS, ALGAE ETC. CULTIVATED BY THE RECOVERED CONDENSATION.
FINANCIALVALUE FINANCIALVALUE + PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT/ENERGY+ PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT/ENERGY+ FINANCIAL ENERGY+ FINANCIAL+ PROGRAM
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STUDIO READINGS
ARCHITECTURE OF THE WELL-TEMPERED ENVIRONMENT +THE REYNER BANHAM BANHAM’S ARTICLE READS AS PARTICULARLY PRESCIENT WHEN CONSIDERING xDESIGN’S URBAN SPACE STATION PROJECT, WHICH ATTEMPTS TO RETHINK MODERN HVAC AND AIR HANDLING UNIT SYSTEMS WITH CIRCUIT-LIKE BIOMASS-DRIVE N ‘BATTERIES’ FOR RECHARGING CARBON DIOXIDE RICH AIR AND RECYCLING BIODEGRADABLE WASTE, WHILE ALSO ACTING AS A TEMPERATURE REGULATOR.
+BIG FOOT
MICHAEL SPECTER - 2008 IN A PERHAPS INTENTIONALLY PROVOCATIVE AND RADICAL GESTURE, THE URBAN SPACE STATION EXHIBITION FORCED A USER TO VERY LITERALLY FACE THE CONSEQUENCES OF HIS EXISTENCE AND ‘CARBON FOOTPRINT’ BY LIVING FOR A SHORT TIME IN THE STATION AND RECYCLING HIS OWN HUMAN WASTE.
OF PARAMETRIC DESIGN +ELEMENTS ROBERT WOODBURY - 2010 THE USS IS MEANT TO BE SITELESS AND APPLICABLE TO ANY URBAN CONDITION. IT CAN BE HELIPORTED TO A HIGH-RISE SITE OR ‘BARN-RAISE D’B Y THE LOCAL COMMUNITY. xDESIGN’S DESCRIP TION OF THE UNITAS SOMETHING THAT ONE MIGHT ‘MAKE AN APPOINTME NT FOR’AND HAVING ONE’S BUILDI NG EVALUATED INDICATES THAT SUCH A STRATEGY WOULD NEED TO BE ENDLESSLY ADAPTABLE TO VARYING URBAN CONDITIONS. THIS WOULD DOUBLTLESSLY BE DEPENDENT UPON A PARAMETRIC STRATEGY FOR IMPLIMENTATION ON A WIDE-SCALE.
+SUSTAINING ARCHITECTURE DURING A REVOLUTION
SUSANNAH HAGAN - 2009 ALTHOUGH THEORETICAL IN NATURE, THE URBAN SPACE STATION IS CONSISTANT WITH THE ARGUMENT HAGAN MAKES IN HER ARTICLE THAT CORPORATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS MAY SOON FACE ECONOMICAL NECESSITY TO PROVIDE FOR THEIR CLIMATE CONTROL AND FILTRATION SYSTEMS IN A LOCALIZED AND SUSTAINABLE CAPACITY. THE USS MAKES A FIRST STRIDE TOWARDS RETHINKING THESE SYSTEMS IN AN INTEGRATED, OFF-THE-GRID CAPACITY.
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FINANCIAL VALUE +
USE PLANTS TO CONVERT CO2 RICH AIR TO O 2 RICH AIR
RECYCLE HUMAN WASTE + BIODEGRADABLE GARBAGE
LOCALLY PRODUCE ORGANIC FOOD WITHOUT THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS
URBAN SPACE STATION ADAPTATION STRATEGIES ENCOURAGE SOCIAL COHERENCE WITHIN NEIGHBORHOODS
CONDENSATION COLLECTION TO CULTIVATE EDIBLE ALGAE, FISH, ETC.
USE OF GREENHOUSE AS A TEMPERATURE REGULATOR THE URBAN SPACE STATION WORKS AS A TEMPERATURE REGULATOR. THE AIR TURBINES ARE SOLAR POWERED, WHICH MEANS THEY CYCLE AIR PROPORTIONATELY TO SOLAR EXPOSURE AND TEMPERATURE.
CATEGORYOF CHANGE KEY PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT / ENERGY FINANCIALVALUE FINANCIALVALUE + PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT/ENERGY+ PROGRAM ENVIRONMENT/ENERGY+ FINANCIAL ENERGY+ FINANCIAL+ PROGRAM
THE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE INSIDE AND THE OUTSIDE OF THE INFLATABLE ETF MEMBRANE GENERATES CONDENSATION. THIS CAN BE HARVESTED INTO AQUARIUMS FOR CULTIVATION OF EDIBLE ALGAE, FISH, FROGS, SHRIMP ETC. THE FLORAGROWN BECOMES AN IDEAL HABITAT FOR THIS FAUNA, WHICH CAN ALSO BE CONSUMED BY THE OCCUPANTS.
THE GOAL OF THE URBAN SPACE STATION IS TO PROVIDE ABEAUTIFUL COMMUNITY SPACE WHICH ENHANCES THE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR A LOCAL BUILDING, COMMUNITY OR CITY, WHILE MAKING USE OF OFF-THE-GRID PASSIVE SYSTEMS.
ORGANIC FOOD IS GROWN WITHIN THE URBAN SPACE STATION WITHOUT THE USE OF FOSSIL FUELS MAKING USE ONLY OF THE RESORUCES CONTINUALLY PROVIDED BY THE CIRCUIT. THIS GREATLY MINIMIZES THE ‘CARBON FOOTPRINT’ OF THE COMMUNITY BY MINIMIZING ITS RELIANCE UPON FOOD GROWN AT GREAT DISTANCES, WHICH MUST THEN BE TRANSPORTED.
HUMAN WASTE, URINE, FECES AND BIODEGRADABLE GARBAGE IS DIGESTED, COLLECTED AND PUMPED INTO HYDROPONIC GARDEN CIRCUITS TO FEED THE PLANTS. THIS WASTE PROVIDES THE NUTRIENTS NECESSARY FOR PLANT GROWTH WITHOUT THE NEED FOR OUTSIDE FERTILIZERS.
HUMANS AND ANIMALS BREATH IN OXYGEN RICH AIR AND BREATH OUT CARBON DIOXIDE RICH AIR. PLANTS DO THE OPPOSITE. THE URBAN SPACE STATION MAKES USE OF THESE OPPOSING PROCESSES TO CREATING ACIRCUIT IN WHICH BOTH PLANTS AND ANIMALS CAN THRIVE OFF OF EACHOTHERS OUTPUTS.
