Unit 7: Asking Questions and Getting Information This unit emphasizes the -er and -ir verbs, the expression of the verb tener , the expression called tener que , how to ask questions, and how to exchange information. The unit also uses and reviews -ar verbs.
Unit Focus Communication • Express likes or dislikes regarding regarding various objects, objects, categories, people, and events present in the everyday environment. environment. (FL.A.1.2.1) • Exchange information necessary to plan events or or activities (e.g., picnics, birthday parties, science projects, and crafts). (FL.A.1.2.2) • Use repetition, repetition, rephrasing, rephrasing, and gestures gestures effectively effectively to assist in communicating spoken messages. (FL.A.1.3.4) • Restate and and rephrase rephrase simple simple information information from from materials materials presented orally, visually, and graphically in class. (FL.A.2.1.2) • Understand oral oral messages messages that are based based on familiar themes and vocabulary (e.g., short conversations between familiar persons on familiar topics such as everyday school and home activities). (FL.A.2.1.3) • Provide simple information in spoken spoken form form (e.g., (e.g., descriptions of family members, friends, objects present in his or her everyday environment, or common school and home activities). (FL.A.3.1.1)
Culture • Recognize various familiar objects and and norms of the target culture (e.g., toys, dresses, and typical foods). (FL.B.1.1.3)
Connections • Use simple simple vocabulary vocabulary and phrases to to identify familiar objects and concepts from other disciplines. (FL.C.1.1.1)
Comparisons • Know examples examples of of word borrowing from one one language language to another. (FL.D.1.1.1) • Use simple simple vocabulary vocabulary and short phrases phrases in the target target language. (FL.D.1.1.2) • Know the the similarities similarities and and differences differences between the the patterns of behavior of the target culture related to recreation, recreation, celebration, holidays, customs, and the patterns of behavior of the local culture. (FL.D.2.1.1) • Distinguish the similarities similarities and differences differences between the patterns of behavior of the target culture related to recreations, recreations, holidays, celebrations and the patterns of behavior of the local culture. (FL.D.2.2.1)
Unit 7: Asking Questions and Getting Information Overview In most Spanish-speaking countries, mealtimes and meals differ from those in the United States. The main meal is in the middle of the day and is a full meal, somewhat like our dinner. The meal usually consists of soup, rice, beans, vegetables, meat, salad, dessert, and coffee. After the main meal of the day, a siesta or nap is sometimes taken. Most restaurants remain open for people who prefer to eat out. A light supper is usually eaten in the evening and is more like our lunch. Imagine you are in a Spanish-speaking country. Would you be able to ask for the food you want from a market or find out what restaurants were open? In this unit you will learn the following: • -er verbs • -ir verbs • the expressi expression on the verb tener • tener que • how to ask question questionss • how to find out informat information. ion.
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Vocabulario (Vocabulary) Use the vocabulary list below as a reference for this unit.
Verbs
-er
aprender .....................................................................................................to learn ......................................................................................................... .......................................................... to drink beber .................................................
comer ............................................................................................................. to eat comprender ................................................................................... to understand correr ............................................................................................................ to run ..................................................................................... ................................... to believe or to think creer .................................................. ............................................................................................................ ........................................................... ... to read leer ....................................................
querer .........................................................................................................to want ............................................................................ ......................... to answer or to reply responder ...................................................
saber .................................................................................. to know (knowledge) vender ...........................................................................................................to sell ver .................................................................................................................. to see
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Verbs
-ir
............................................................................................................ ...................................................... to open abrir ...................................................... ......................................................................................................... ..................................................... to cover cubrir .................................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ to describe describir ...............................................
dividir ..................................................................................................... to divide escribir ...................................................................................................... to write recibir ..................................................................................................... to receive subir .................................................................to go up or to get on (a bus, etc.) vivir .............................................................................................................. to live
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Verbs
-ar
.................................................................................................... ..................................................... to look for buscar ...............................................
cocinar ........................................................................................................ to cook ........................................................................................................ .................................................. to buy comprar ...................................................... ................................................................................................. ............................................ to answer contestar .....................................................
estudiar .....................................................................................................to study ganar ........................................................................................... to win or to earn hablar ............................................... ....................................................................................... ........................................ to speak or or to talk .......................................................................................................... ........................................................... ... to play jugar ..................................................
llegar ......................................................................................................... to arrive ................................................................................... .................................. to look at or to watch mirar ................................................. ................................................................................................ ........................................... to practice practicar .....................................................
reparar ...................................................................................................... to repair sacar ........................................................................................... to take (pictures) trabajar ...................................................................................................... to work visitar ........................................................................................................... to visit
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Subject Pronouns ......................................................................................................... ............................................................................ .................... I yo .................................................
tú .................................................................................................... you (informal) .................................................................................................. .............................................. you (formal) usted .................................................... .......................................................................................................... ......................................................................... ................. he él ..................................................
ella ..................................................................................................................... she nosotros ............................................... ........................................................... ............ we (all males or or a mixed mixed group) group) nosotras ....................................................................................... we (all females) ............................................................................................... ............................................... you (plural) ustedes ................................................ .............................................................. ......... they (all males or a mixed mixed group) ellos ..................................................... ............................................................................................ ...................................... they (all females) ellas ......................................................
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Definite Articles el .................................................................................... the (masculine singular) la .......................................................................................the (feminine singular) los ...................................................................................... the (masculine plural) las .........................................................................................the (feminine plural)
Indefinite Articles un ............................................................................ a or an (masculine singular) una .............................................................................a or an (feminine singular) unos .............................................................................. some (masculine plural) ................................................................................. ............................... some (feminine plural) unas ..................................................
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Interrogative Words ¿adónde? ............................................................................................. (to) where? ¿cómo? ........................................................................................... how? or what? ¿cuándo? ..................................................................................................... when? ¿dónde? ...................................................................................................... where? ¿por qué? .......................................................................................................why? ¿qué? ............................................................................................................. what? ¿a qué hora? ................................................................................... at what time?
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Words a la una ................................................................................................ at 1 o’clock ...................................................................................... ................................ at 7:30 a las siete y media ...................................................... ........................................................................................... ...................................... grandmother la abuela .....................................................
el agua ........................................................ ........................................................................................................... ................................................... water al (a + el) .................................................... .................................................................. .............. to the the (masculine (masculine singular) el almuerzo ................................................................................................... lunch males or a mixed group) group) los amigos ................................................ friends (all males ..................................................................................... .................................. apartment el apartamento ...................................................
el árbol ..............................................................................................................tree el bebé .............................................................................................................baby la biblioteca ................................................................................................ library la bicicleta .................................................. ................................................................................................... ................................................. bicycle las bicicletas ............................................................................................. bicycles bien .......................................................................................................fine or well el bolígrafo .......................................................................................................pen ................................................................................................. ............................................ pens los bolígrafos ..................................................... Unit 7: Asking Questions and Getting Information
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........................................................................................................... .............................................................. ...... bus el bus ...................................................
la cafetería ............................................................................................... cafeteria la calculadora ........................................................ ........................................................................................ ................................ calculator el carro ................................................. ......................................................................................................... ............................................................... ....... car la casa ............................................................................................................house group) los chicos ...................................................... boys (all males or a mixed group)
el chocolate .............................................................................................chocolate cinco ....................................................................................................................... 5 la ciudad ...........................................................................................................city la clase ................................................. ...................................................................................... ..................................... classor classroom el colegio ....................................................... ...................................................................................................... ............................................... school la composición ................................................................................. composition ..................................................................................... ................................ computer la computadora .....................................................
el cuaderno .............................................................................................notebook de ...........................................................................................................................of ....................................................................................... ............................... dictionary el diccionario ........................................................
diez ...................................................................................................................... 10
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...................................................................................................... ................................................. money el dinero .....................................................
dos .......................................................................................................................... 2 los dulces ................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................ candies en ....................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................ inor on la ensalada ................................................. ..................................................................................................... .................................................... salad escuchen .........................................................................................................listen el español .................................................................................................. Spanish ................................................................................................. ............................................. bookcase el estante ....................................................
los estudiantes ..................................... students (all males or a mixed group) las fotos ....................................................................................photos or pictures la fruta ............................................................................................................. fruit las frutas .................................................... ........................................................................................................ .................................................... fruits el fútbol ....................................................................................................... soccer el gato ................................................................................................................. cat .................................................................................. .......................... thanks or thank you gracias ........................................................
grande(s) .................................................................................. great, big (plural) la guitarra .................................................................................................... guitar
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la hamburguesa ................................................................................. hamburger ............................................................................ ............................ hamburgers hamburgers las hamburguesas ................................................
las hermanas ............................................................................................... sisters el hermano ................................................................................................. brother los hermanos ........... brother(s) and sister(s) sister(s) (all brothers brothers or a mixed group) ...................................................................................................... ....................................................... English el inglés ............................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................... invitation la invitación ................................................ ....................................................................................................... ........................................................ garden el jardín ............................................... ................................................................................................... ............................................... pencils los lápices ....................................................
el lápiz .......................................................................................................... pencil la lección ...................................................................................................... lesson el libro ............................................................................................................ book los libros .......................................................................................................books la manzana ................................................................................................... apple el mapa ............................................................................................................ map las matemáticas ...............................................................................mathematics
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México ........................................................................................................ Mexico mi ....................................................................................................................... my mis .................................................... ....................................................................................................... ................................................... my (plural) la mochila .................................................. ................................................................................................ .............................................. bookbag el modelo ................................................... ..................................................................................................... .................................................. model mucho(a) ............................................................................................. much, a lot muchos(as) ............................................................................ much, a lot (plural) no .........................................................................................................................no nuevo(a) ...........................................................................................................new el papá .............................................................................................................. dad el parque .................................................... ......................................................................................................... ..................................................... park el periódico .........................................................................................newspaper el piano ......................................................................................................... piano ....................................................................................... .................................. for, for, by, by, in, or through por .....................................................
porque ....................................................................................................... because el postre ......................................................................................................dessert los postres .................................................. ................................................................................................. ............................................... desserts
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la práctica .................................................................................................. practice .............................................................................................. ............................................ question la pregunta ..................................................
las preguntas ......................................................................................... questions la profesora ................................................. .................................................................................. ................................. teacher, teacher, female la puerta ....................................................... .......................................................................................................... ................................................... door los radios ..................................................................................................... radios .................................................................................... .............................. refrigerator refrigerator el refrigerador ......................................................
el regalo ............................................................................................................ gift los regalos ....................................................................................................... gifts las reglas ...................................................... ....................................................................................................... ................................................. rulers repitan .......................................................................................................... repeat rojo(a) ................................................................................................................ red el sábado ................................................................................................. Saturday el sandwich ........................................................................................... sandwich el señor (Sr.) ...................................................................................... mister (Mr.) siete ........................................................................................................................ 7 su ...................................................................................................his, her, or your
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........................................................................................... ................................... television la televisión ........................................................
la tienda ..........................................................................................................store tres ......................................................................................................................... 3 tu ....................................................................................................your (singular) tus ...................................................................................................... your (plural) las vacaciones .......................................................................................... vacation el vocabulario .................................................................................... vocabulary y ......................................................................................................................... and
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Sentences ........................................................................................ ................................. I eat a lot. Como mucho. .......................................................
Tienes Tienes dos hermanos. .................................................. You have two brothers.
................................................................... ............. I have to study. study. Tengo que estudiar. ......................................................
Tenemos que ir al colegio. ........................................ We have to go to school. Ella no tiene que cocinar....................................... She does not have to cook.
Tengo un libro. ..............................................................................I have a book. Tengo que leer un libro. ................................................ I have to read a book.
Tenemos una clase c lase a la una. .............................. We have class at one o’clock. Tenemos que ir a clase a la una. ........ We have to go to class at one o’clock.
Tienes Tienes una mochila. ..........................................................You have a bookbag. ou have to buy a bookbag. Tienes Tienes que comprar c omprar una mochila. ..................... Y ou
....................................................................... .................... You have have a book. Tienes un libro. ................................................... ........................................................ ... Do you you have a book? book? ¿Tienes un libro? .....................................................
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Buscas tu cuaderno. ................................................... Look for your notebook. notebook? ¿Buscas tu cuaderno? ...................... Are you looking for your notebook?
Él estudia mucho. ......................................................................He studies a lot. ¿Estudia él mucho? ......................................................Does he study a lot?
María camina por el parque. ......................... María walks through the park. ¿Camina María por el parque? ..... Does María walk through the park?
¿Cuándo estudias? ........................................................... When do you study? ¿Dónde está Miguel? ............................................................. Where is Miguel? going? (to where) ¿Adónde vas? ............................................... Where are you going? going to school? ¿Cómo vas al colegio? ..................................... How are you going
¿Por qué vas? ..................................................................... Why are you going? are they studying? ¿Qué estudian ellos? ................................................. What are
¿A qué hora come usted? ........................................ At what time do you eat?
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The -er Verbs In Unit 4, you learned that one type of verb is the verb called an -ar verb. You also learned that it is called this because it ends in the letters -ar when it is in its basic form, an infinitive . An infinitive form of a verb is the same as to + the action in English. An infinitive does not have a tense. It always means to + some action. An example would be as follows:
estudiar means to study. We will now study another class of verbs. These are called -er verbs. Once again, they are called this because they end in the letters -er when they are infinitives . Below is a list of common -er verbs and their meanings. Common -er Verbs aprender to learn
comprender to understand
beber to drink
correr to run
I understand!
Hmmm...I believe she is right.
comer to eat
creer to believe to think
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leer to read
querer to want
saber to know (knowledge)
I want a balloon.
responder to answer or to reply
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vender to sell
ver to see
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As you learned before, these verbs have special endings to tell what is happening now, in present tense. They are similar to -ar verbs, but do have their own special endings. Once again, we begin by removing the -er ending. Follow the conjugation of comer on the chart below. Forms of comer —To —To Eat
comer
remove the
yo
como
I eat, I am eating, I do eat
tú
comes
you eat, you are eating, you do eat (informal)
usted
com e
él ella
come come
you eat, you are eating, you do eat (formal) he eats, he is eating, he does eat she eats, she is eating, she does eat
nosotros
com emos
we eat, we are eating, we do eat (all males or a mixed group)
nosotras
com emos
we eat, we are eating, we do eat (all females)
ustedes
com en
ellos
comen
ellas
comen
you eat, you are eating, you do eat (plural) they eat, they are eating, they do eat (all males or a mixed group) they eat, they are eating, they do eat (all females)
-er
stem:
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com-
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Present Tense of Regular Verbs Ending in
-er
Subject Pronoun
-er
Verbs
yo
o
tú
es
usted él ella
e e e
nosotros
emos
nosotras
emos
ustedes
en
ellos
en
ellas
en
Remember:
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tú
you (informal)
usted
you (formal)
ustedes
you (plural)
ellos
they (all males or a mixed group)
ellas
they (all females)
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