Los adjetivos (Adjectives) Adjectives are words that tell something Note the words that are italicized are about a noun or a adjectives. pronoun. pronoun. Adjectives are used to describe people or things. The young girl with long , Adjectives are the brown hair is a great skater. words that help pick people out of a crowd or things out of a group of many things. They will tell you what people look like or what their personality is like. They can describe height, length, and width.
Adjectives are a little different in Spanish than in English. They may change spelling, depending on whom or what they are describing. They may also come in a different place in the sentence than they do in English. First, let’s explore their spelling. You learned that all nouns have gender in Spanish. Every person, place, or thing is referred to as being masculine or feminine. It is important to consider the gender of things when you describe them in Spanish. The spelling of the word may change depending on the gender of the noun it describes. Look at the adjectives on the following page and their meanings. Notice the spelling changes for masculine and feminine. People have gender and objects do too. You must follow the spelling rule regardless if you are describing people or things . mascul ulin inee fem fe min iniine
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Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
Masculine and Feminine Forms of Adjectives Carefully look at these examples: Julio es alto y simpático. Julio is tall and nice. Because Julio is a boy, the words used to describe him must be masculine also. Ana es alta y simpática. Ana is tall and nice.
alto y simpático
Those same adjectives have changed spelling to end in an -a. That is because they are describing a girl, Ana. To describe something feminine, the describing words must also be feminine. Juan es rubio. Juan is blond.
Elena es rubia. Elena is blonde .
El profesor es aburrido. The The tea teach cher er (mal (male) e) is bori boring ng..
La clase es aburrida. The The clas classs is is bori boring ng..
Alberto es ambicioso. Alberto is ambitious.
Julia es ambiciosa. Julia is ambitious.
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
rubia
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Below is a list of masculine and feminine forms of adjectives in Spanish and their meanings. Notice that if the adjective ends in an -o to describe something or someone masculine, the -o changes to an -a to describe something feminine. Masculine and Feminine Adjectives
350
Masculine
Feminine
Meaning
alto
alta
tall
bajo
baja
short
antipático
antipática
unpleasant
simpático
simpática
nice
calvo
calva
bald
moreno
morena
dark-haired
pelirrojo
pelirroja
redheaded
rubio
rubia
blond(e)
delgado
delgada
thin
gordo
gorda
fat
bonito
bonita
pretty
feo
fea
ugly
guapo
guapa
good-looking
hermoso
hermosa
beautiful
bueno
buena
good
malo
mala
bad
cómico
cómica
comical
serio
seria
serious
aburrido
aburrida
boring
divertido
divertida
fun
listo
lista
clever
romántico
romántica
romantic
viejo
vieja
old
ambicioso
ambiciosa
ambitious
perezoso
perezosa
lazy
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
Práctica (Practice) Listen and repeat as the teacher models each adjective in its masculine and then its feminine form .
escuchen (listen) repitan (repeat) Masculine
Feminine
Meaning
alto
alta
tall
bajo
baja
short
antipático
antipática
unpleasant
simpático
simpática
nice
calvo
calva
bald
moreno
morena
dark-haired
pelirrojo
pelirroja
redheaded
rubio
rubia
blond(e)
delgado
delgada
thin
gordo
gorda
fat
bonito
bonita
pretty
feo
fea
ugly
guapo
guapa
good-looking
hermoso
hermosa
beautiful
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
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bueno
buena
good or well
malo
mala
bad
cómico
cómica
comical
serio
seria
serious
aburrido
aburrida
boring
divertido
divertida
fun
listo
lista
clever
romántico
romántica
romantic
viejo
vieja
old
ambicioso
ambiciosa
ambitious
perezoso
perezosa
lazy
Now, listen and repeat the adjectives again .
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Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
Adjectives That Stay the Same Look at the following adjectives. Each one stays the same whether it is describing a male or a female. Fernando es inteligente .
inteligente
Carmen es inteligente . Fernando es popular .
popular
Carmen es popular . Here is a list of other adjectives that do not change their spelling from masculine to feminine. They stay the same when describing a male or a female. Adjectives That Stay the Same
joven
grande
great, big
impaciente
impatient
inteligente
intelligent, smart
interesante
interesting
joven
young
paciente
patient
popular
popular
responsable
responsible
grande
I want in NOW!
impaciente
Of the adjectives above and the ones on page 350, which ones would you consider to be cognates ? For example, the following adjectives are cognates. inteligente
intelligent
romántico(a)
romantic
Remember: Cognates are words that look and sound alike in more
than one language. (Some cognates are false cognates because they have different meanings.)
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Práctica (Practice) Listen and repeat as the teacher models each adjective that stays the same whether describing a male or a female in Spanish.
escuchen (listen) repitan (repeat) grande ............................ great, big impaciente ..................... impatient
intelligent, smart inteligente ..................... intelligent, interesante ..................... interesting joven ............................... young paciente .......................... patient popular ........................... popular responsable ................... responsible
Now, listen and repeat the adjectives again .
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Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
Práctica (Practice) Use the list of adjectives below and work with a partner to describe each other in Spanish. Write two sentences using adjectives that match the gender of your partner . alto(a) ambicioso(a) bajo(a) bonito(a) bueno(a) cómico(a) divertido(a) guapo(a)
tall ambitious short pretty good comical funny good-looking
hermoso(a) listo(a) moreno(a) pelirrojo(a) rubio(a) simpático(a) serio(a)
beautiful clever dark-haired redheaded blond(e) nice serious
Modelo (Model): Juan es guapo y listo.
Juan is good-looking and clever.
María es guapa y divertida. María is good-looking and funny. 1.
________ ____________ ________ _______ _______ ________ ________ ________ ________ _______ _______ ________ ________ ________ ______ ___________________________________________________________
2.
________ ____________ ________ _______ _______ ________ ________ ________ ________ _______ _______ ________ ________ ________ ______ ___________________________________________________________
Now use the same group of adjectives above to write one sentence describing your teacher .
___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
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Práctica (Practice) Use the list of adjectives in Spanish on page 350, or pages 351-352, to find the proper form of the adjective in the parentheses . Then read the sentences to your partner.
(goo (goodd-lo look okin ing) g) 1. Juan Juan es
356
(blonde)
2. Juanita es
(serious)
3. Tomás no es
(popular)
4. Susana es
(nice)
5. El Sr. Jiménez es
(boring)
6. La musica es muy
(unpleasant)
7. La chica es
(redheaded)
8. Mi tía es
(ugly)
9. El hombre es muy
. . . . . . . . .
(smart)
10. El profesor de matemáticas es
.
(fat)
11. Mi abuelo es
.
(romantic)
12. La música es
.
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
Plural Adjectives Now let’s look at what happens when you describe more than one thing or person, something plural. The two things you must think about are gender and plural . Yes, the words that describe must also become plural . Look carefully at these comparisons: comparisons: Juan es guapo. Juan is good-looking .
Ana es guapa. Ana is good-looking .
Juan y Miguel son guapos. Ana y Susana son guapas. Juan and Miguel are good-looking . Ana and Susana are pretty .
Marco es inteligente . Marco is intelligent.
Paula es inteligente. Paula is intelligent .
Marco y Julio son inteligentes . Marco and Julio are intelligent .
Paula y Elena son inteligentes . Paula and Elena are intelligent .
Paula y Elena son inteligentes.
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Práctica (Practice) Use the underlined adjective from the first sentence to describe the people in the second sentence. The adjective must agree in gender and in number (singular or plural) with the noun(s) it is describing.
1. Móni Mónica ca es baja baja.. Mónica y Luisa son
.
2. Enri Enriq que es es lis listo to.. Enrique y Paco son
.
3. La pro profe feso sora ra es pac pacie ient nte. e. Las profesoras son
.
4. Mi her herma mano no es more moreno no.. Mis hermanos son
.
5. La clas clasee es es abu aburr rrid ida. a. Las clases son
.
6. Los Los estu estudi dian ante tess son son seri serios os.. El estudiante es
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.
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
7. Mis Mis pri primo moss son son popu popula lare res. s. Mi primo es
.
8. La chic chicaa es cómi cómica ca.. Las chicas son
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
.
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Práctica (Practice) An exchange student named Samuel is describing his friends back home to you. Rewrite the sentences and do the following.
• Use the corre correct ct form form of the the verb verb ser . • Use Use th the co corr rrec ectt adjective to write what he says about them. Remember: The adjective must agree in gender and in number (singular or plural) with the noun(s) it is
describing. • Then read the sentences to your partner. Modelos (Models):
Julio
serio.
Ana y Gloria
Julio es serio.
1. Cata Catali lina na
vieja.
Ana y Gloria son viejas.
boni bonito to..
___________________________________________________________ 2. Glor Gloria ia y Clau Claudi diaa
rubi rubio. o.
___________________________________________________________ 3. Inés Inés
delg de lgaado. do.
___________________________________________________________ 4. Marc Marco o
simp simpát átic ico. o.
___________________________________________________________
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Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
5. Paula
jo joven.
___________________________________________________________ 6. Enriqu Enriquee y Lourde Lourdess
impac impacien iente. te.
___________________________________________________________ 7. Omar Omar
resp respon onsa sabl ble. e.
___________________________________________________________ 8. La profes profesora ora de inglés inglés
divert divertido ido..
___________________________________________________________
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
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Práctica (Practice) Los Opuestos (Opposites)
Use the underlined adjective and page 350, or pages 351-352, to write the opposite of that adjective . Remember: The adjective must agree in gender and in number (singular or plural) with the noun it is describing.
1. Su Susa sana na no es rubi rubia, a, es
.
2. Paco Paco no es feo, feo, es
.
3. Una Una clas clasee inte intere resa sant nte, e, no es
.
4. Un chic chico o simp simpát átic ico, o, no es
.
5. Mi herm herman anaa es alta alta,, no es
.
6. Anit Anitaa no es gord gorda, a, es
.
7. Enri Enriqu quee no es ambi ambici cios oso, o, es
.
8. Un much muchac acho ho bajo bajo,, no es
.
9. Mi papá papá no es paci pacien ente te,, es
.
10. Yo soy
, no soy .
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Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
Práctica (Practice) Draw a picture of the following people based on his or her description in Spanish. These drawings will go in their school yearbook. Help them look their best!
1. María – María es rubia, delgada, alta y bonita.
2. Isabel – Isabel es morena, alta, inteligente y gorda.
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
363
3. Paco – Paco es moreno, bajo, gordo y serio.
4. Rafael – Rafael es rubio, guapo, delgado y bajo.
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Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
La ropa (Clothing) Look around the classroom. What clothing items are worn by your classmates? La ropa la blusa
blouse
la camisa
shirt
la camiseta
T-shirt or undershirt
la sudadera
sweat shirt
los jeans
jeans
los pantalones
pants or shorts
la falda
skirt
el vestido
dress
los calcetines
socks
los tenis
tennis shoes
los zapatos
shoes
la chaqueta
jacket
el suéter
sweater
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
365
Práctica (Practice) Below are some common clothing items. Listen and repeat as the teacher models the following clothing items in Spanish. escuchen (listen) repitan (repeat)
la blusa ........................ blouse la camisa ..................... shirt la camiseta .................. T-shirt or undershirt la sudadera ................. sweatshirt los jeans ...................... jeans los pantalones ............ pants or shorts la falda ........................ skirt el vestido .................... dress los calcetines .............. socks los tenis ....................... tennis shoes los zapatos .................. shoes la chaqueta ................. jacket el suéter ....................... sweater
Now, listen and repeat the clothing items again .
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Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
Using the list on the previous page, write three clothing items in Spanish that you are wearing.
1. 2. 3.
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
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Práctica (Practice) Use the list below to write the correct term in Spanish for each numbered clothing item on the people below. Write the answer on the line provided. la blusa los calcetines
la camisa la chaqueta
los jeans los pantalones
los tenis los zapatos
1 2
6
3 7
4 4 5
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5
8
1.
5.
2.
6.
3.
7.
4.
8.
8
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
Los colores (Colors) Look around the classroom again. What colors do you see in the clothing worn by your classmates? See the color wheel and other colors listed below it.
( a ) o o j r o
a n a r a
n j a
like a strawberry
m o r a d o ( a )
d o ( a
like an orange )
( a ) o o l l l l i r a m a
like grapes
u l a z
v e r d e
like blueberries
negro(a) like pepper
marrón
like a lemon
like peas
blanco(a)
gris like an elephant
like salt
rosado(a) like nuts
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
like the inside of a pink grapefruit
369
The color wheel on the previous page shows primary and secondary colors, along with a few other colors listed below it. Primary Colors rojo
red
amarillo
yellow
azul
blue
Secondary Colors anaranjado
orange
verde
green
morado
purple
Other Colors
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negro
black
blanco
white
gris
gray
marrón
brown
rosado
pink
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
Práctica (Practice) Below are some common colors. Listen and repeat as the teacher models the following colors in Spanish. escuchen (listen) repitan (repeat) rojo .............................. red amarillo ...................... yellow azul ............................. blue anaranjado ................. orange verde ........................... green morado ....................... purple negro ........................... black blanco ......................... white gris .............................. gray marrón ........................ brown rosado ......................... pink
Now, listen and repeat the colors again . Use the list above to write three colors in Spanish that you are wearing.
1. 2. 3.
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
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Práctica (Practice) Use the list below to write the correct color in Spanish for each numbered food item in the picture below. Write the answer on the line provided. amarillo anaranjado azul
blanco gris marrón
morado negro rojo
rosado verde
Dieter’s Breakfast Special: Pink Grapefruit
11
8 1
S 9
G r a p e s
5
3
P 10
6
2
7 4
1.
7.
2.
8.
3.
9.
4.
10.
5.
11.
6.
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Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
Me gusta, no me gusta (I Like, I Don’t Like) How to say in Spanish what you like and what you don’t like.
Look at the following sentences: Me gusta el libro. I like the book .
Me gustan los libros. I like books .
Me gusta el chocolate. I like chocolate .
Me gustan los chocolates. I like chocolates .
Me gusta and me gustan both mean “I like” in Spanish. What is the difference? You use me gusta if what you like is singular . You use me gustan if what you like is plural . Look at the above examples again and be
sure you can spot the difference. What if you like an activity? For example, what if you want to say “I like to play soccer”? You always use me gusta with an activity. Me gusta leer. I like to read .
Me gusta jugar al fútbol. I like to play soccer .
Me gusta comer. I like to eat .
Me gusta nadar. I like to swim .
What if you don’t like something? Then you use the phrase no me gusta or no me gustan. Once again, you use no me gusta if what you don’t like is singular or an activity. Use no me gustan if what you don’t like is plural.
No me gusta leer.
Me gusta leer.
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
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Práctica (Practice) Match each Spanish sentence with its correct English translation . Write the letter on the line provided.
374
_____ ____ 1. Me gus gusta el re resta staurant rantee.
A. I lik likee to to read. ead.
_____ ____ 2. No me gusta sta estu studia diar.
B. I like like toma tomato to sal salad ad..
______ 3. Me gu gustan lo los ca carros grandes.
C. I don don’t ’t like like to work work..
_____ ____ 4. Me gus gusta la ensala salada da de tomates.
D. I lik likee to to watc watch h television.
______ 5. No me gustan los exámenes.
E. I like like the the res resta taur uran ant. t.
_____ ____ 6. Me gusta sta est estud udia iarr esp espaañol. ñol.
F. I lik likee big big cars cars..
______ 7. Me gusta leer.
G. I don’t don’t like like to to stud study y.
_____ ____ 8. No me gu gusta stan lo los za zapato patoss.
H. I don don’t ’t like like test tests. s.
______ 9. Me gusta mi mirar la la televisión.
I. I like like to study study Spanis Spanish. h.
____ ______ __ 10. 10. No me gust gustaa trab trabaj ajar ar..
J. I don’ don’tt like like the shoes. shoes.
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
Práctica (Practice) Use the list below to write the correct Spanish word for each English word. la abuela el abuelo la bisabuela el bisabuelo
la esposa el esposo el hijastro el hijo
1. grandfather
la madre la nieta el nieto
el sobrino el suegro el tío
9. nephew
2. son 3. grandson
10. uncle
4. great-grandm great-grandmother other 5. great-grandf great-grandfather ather
11. husband 12. wife
6. grandmother
7. granddaughter
13. mother 8. father-infather-in-law law 14. stepson
Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes
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Práctica (Practice) Match each Spanish word with the correct English word. Write the letter on the line provided.
C. dark dark-h -hai aire red, d, brun brunet et ______ 1. alto D. fat ______ 2. bajo E. good ______ 3. bueno F. good good-l -loo ooki king ng ______ 4. calvo G. inte intell llig igen ent, t, sma smart rt ______ 5. gordo I. old ______ 6. guapo J. popular ______ 7. hermoso K. romantic ______ 8. inteligente L. short ______ 9. moreno M. tall ______ 10. popular Write True if the statement is correct. Write ______ 11. romántico False if the statement is not correct.
____ _______ 13. Very litt little le respect is given to grandparents in Spanish culture. ____ _______ 14. Adj Adjecti ective vess are no different in Spanish than in English. ________ 15. All nouns have gender in Spanish.
______ 12. viejo A_______ . ba____ ld _ 16. There ____ There are are some some adjectives adjectives that do not not chang changee their their spelling spelling from masculine to feminine. B. beautiful _____ _______ ____ 17. 17. If you you don’t don’t like like someth something ing,, then then you you use the phra phrase se no me gusta or no me gustan.
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Unit 6: Family, Adjectives, Likes, and Dislikes