PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ION EXCHANGE
I.
TUJUAN PERCOBAAN - Menghasilkan produk berupa air yang bebas ion-ion pengotor - Memban Membandin dingk gkan an kualit kualitas as air sebelum sebelum dan sesudah sesudah dikont dikontakk akkan an
kedalam kolom II.
ALAT DAN BAHAN Alat yang digunakan : • - Unit ion exchange - Tempat sampel - Gelas kimia - Erlenmeyer - Buret - Pipet ukur - Bola karet - orong
Bahan yang digunakan: !arutan a"# $inatrium dihidrogen E$TA dihidrat dihidrat Mgl%& '(%" )ndikator errochrome T A*uadest •
III.
DASAR TEORI Penukar ion +ion exchange, $alam $alam kolom kolom resin resin penuka penukarr kation kation teradi teradi reaksi reaksi pertuk pertukara aran n
kation pengotor air dengan ( . dari resin penukar ion teradi pertukaran kation pengotor air dengan ion "( - dari resin penukar anion& Pertukaran kation pengotor air dengan "( - dari resin penukar anion& /esin Penukar )on /esin penukar ion adalah senya0a hidrokarbon terpolimerisasi sampai tingkat yang tinggi yang mengandung ikatan-ikatan hubungan silang silang+cr +cross oss linkin linking, g, serta serta gugusan gugusan yang yang mengan mengandun dung g ion-io ion-ion n yang yang dipertukark dipertukarkan an berdasarkan berdasarkan gugusan gugusan 1ungsionalny 1ungsionalnya2 a2 resin penukar penukar ion terbagi menadi dua2 yaitu resin penukar kation dan resin penukar anion& /esin /esin penuka penukarr kation kation22 mengan mengandun dung g kation kation yang yang dapat dapat dipertu dipertukar karkan kan
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seda sedang ngka kan n resi resin n penu penuka karr anio anion n menga engand ndun ung g anio anion n yang ang dapa dapatt dipertukarkan& 3i1at-3i1at penting resin penukar ion adalah sebagai berikut : a& 4apa 4apasi sita tass penu penuka karr ion ion b& 3elekti5itas c& $era $eraa att ika ikatt sil silan ang g d& Porositas e& 4est 4estab abil ilan an resi resin n Aplikasi Penukar )on +ion exchanger, $engan memahami prinsip dasar reaksi pertukaran ion dan si1atsi1at resin2 maka dengan mudah dapat dipahami berbagai aplikasi resin penukar ion dalam industry diantaranya adalah : 6& Peluna Pelunakan kan Air Air +0ater +0ater so1ten so1tening ing,, Banyak Banyak air tanah tanah yang yang dipaka dipakaii dalam dalam indust industry ry mengan mengandun dung g unsure-uns unsure-unsur ur kalsium kalsium +a,2 dan magnesium magnesium +Ma,2 terutama terutama air tanah yang yang diambi diambill di daerahdaerah-dae daerah rah bergu bergunun nung g kapur kapur&& Unsure Unsure-un -unsur sur tersebut berada dalam senya0a hidrokarbonat yang larut dalam air2 sehingga terlihat tetap ernih& Air tersebut yang disebut air sadah mempunyai banyak kerugian diantaranya : a& 3eba 3ebaga gaii air air minu minum m mung mungki kin n akan akan meny menyeb ebab abka kan n kece kecend nder erun unga gan n terbentuknya batu kandung kemih b& 3ebagai pencuci2 air tersebut akan mengurangi daya cuci sabun c& 3eba 3ebaga gaii air air minu minum m umpa umpan n boil boiler er akan akan meny menyeba ebabk bkan an timb timbul ulny nyaa kerak a"# atau Mg"# yang menghambat hantaran panas& "leh karena itu ion a %. dan Mg%. harus diambil dan salah satu cara adalah resin penukar ion dalam bentuk /-7a : % /-7a . a %. / %a . % 7a %. % /-7a . Mg %. / %Mg . % 7a %.
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Gambar 6& Pelunakan Air %& $eminer $emineralis alisasi asi Air Air +0ater +0ater demen demenaral arali8er i8er,, Air didalam didalam banyak banyak mengandun mengandung g ion-ion ion-ion baik kation maupun maupun anio anion& n& Air terse tersebu butt dapa dapatt dipe diperol roleh eh deng dengan an meng menggu guna naka kan n resin resin penukar ion2 kation 9 kation seperti 7a . 2 4 . 2 a. 2 Mg. 2 e. dan sebagainya dapat diambil ileh resin dalam bentuk /-( dengan reaksi : / 9 ( . 4 . /94.( . $iamna 4 adalah kation& 3edangkan anion 9 anion seperti l - 2 7"#-2 3";#- dapat diserap oleh resin penukar penukar anion dalam bentuk / 9 "( dengan reaksi : / 9 "( . A / 9 A . "( $imana A- adalah anion& Produk ( . dan "(- dari reaksi akan menadi : (. . "((%" $engan demikian air akan keluar bebas ion 9 ion atau disebut bebas mineral& "leh karena itu prosesnya disebut demineralisasi atau biasanya disebut dengan a*ua $M& apabila resin telah enuh2 maka prosesx regenerasi dapat dilakukan dengan mengalirkan asam ;7 untuk resin anion dengan reaksi : / 9 4 . ( - +;7, / 9 A. "(- +;7,
/ 9 ( . 4 / 9 "( . A-
$alam industry atau lab dan kesehatan2 banyak diperlukan air bebas dari ion-ion tersebut atau ion bebas mineral&
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Gambar %& 3istem $ua 4olom
$. S&ste S&stem m sat# sat# koo koom m !m&'e !m&'e" " $e"% $e"%
Gambar #& 3istem 3atu 4olom (. Syst System em kom$ kom$&) &)as as&&
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Gambar ;& 3istem 4ombinasi
#& $etoks $etoksi1ik i1ikasi asi air air limb limbah ah dan dan daur daur ulan ulang g $engan $engan kemamp kemampuan uan penuka penukarr ion seperti seperti diatas2 diatas2 sudah sudah dapat dapat diduga diduga bah0a bah0a resin resin amat amat berpot berpotensi ensi dalam dalam pengol pengolaha ahan n air limbah limbah&& 4ontaminan atau polutan beracun seperti logam-logam berat& $eng $engan an demi demiki kian an prose prosess yang yang tera teradi di adala adalah h peng pengam ambi bilan lan senya0a berbahaya yang dapat didaur ulang dan dihasilkan air yang bebas mineral yang dapat digunakan kembali& kembali&
I*.
PROSEDUR KERJA
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%& Menyiap Menyiapkan kan larutan larutan sampel yang yang akan akan dihilan dihilangka gkan n kandun kandungan gan ion-ion ion-ion atau limbah cair buatan seperti sabun& #& Mengat Mengatur ur bukaa bukaan n 5al5e 5al5e sesuai sesuai arah arah aliran alirannya nya&& ;& Menghi Menghidup dupkan kan pomp pompaa yang yang diguna digunakan kan&& <& Men Mengam gambil bil sam sampel pel hasi hasill dari ari peng pengon onta tak kan deng dengan an resi resin n deng dengan an memb membuk ukaa 5al5 5al5ee prod produk uk kolo kolom m ion ion exch exchan ange gerr untu untuk k kemu kemudi dian an melakukan analisa& A& 4ation 6& Memb Membua uatt laru laruta tan n a" a"# Menimb Menimbang ang =2; gr a" a" #2 kemu kemudi dian an melar melarut utka kan n dalam dalam 6=== 6=== ml a*uadest& %& Memip Memipet et <= <= ml ml laru larutan tan a" a"# yang telah dibuat2 sisanya memasukkan ke dalam unit ion exchanger& #& Mem Memipet ipet <= ml laru laruta tan n a" a"# yang telah dikontakkan ke unit ion exchanger kedalam Erlenmeyer& Sta)"a+&sas& Sta)"a+&sas& La+#ta) CaCO , 6& Menam Menamba bahk hkan an < ml indi indika kato torr bu11 bu11er er amon amonia iak k pada pada masin masing-m g-masi asing ng
Erlenmeyer& %& Menamb Menambahk ahkan an < tetes tetes indik indikato atorr eriocrom eriocrom&& #& Menti Mentitr trasi asi deng dengan an E$T E$TA hingg hinggaa beru beruba bah h 0arn 0arnaa dari dari merah merah angg anggur ur menadi biru& ;& Menca Mencatat tat 5olu 5olume me tit titras rasi& i& Pe)e)t#a) Kesa"a-a) 6& Memipet Memipet <= ml a*uadest a*uadest + sebagai sebagai sampel, sampel, ke dalam Erlenmeyer Erlenmeyer&& %& Memipet Memipet <= ml ml a*uadest a*uadest yang yang sebelumny sebelumnyaa telah dikont dikontakkan akkan pada ion ion
exchanger2 ke dalam Erlenmeyer yang berbeda& #& Menam Menamba bahk hkan an 6 ml indi indika kato torr bu11 bu11er er amon amonia iak k pada pada masin masing-m g-masi asing ng Erlenmeyer& ;& Menamb Menambahk ahkan an < tetes tetes indik indikato atorr eriocrom eriocrom&& <& Menti Mentitr trasi asi deng dengan an E$T E$TA hingg hinggaa beru beruba bah h 0arn 0arnaa dari dari merah merah angg anggur ur menadi biru& '& Menca Mencatat tat 5olu 5olume me tit titras rasi& i&
B& 4ation Sta)"a+&sas& Sta)"a+&sas& L+#ta) Ba+# HC "e)a) NaC
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%& Menimb Menimbang ang dengan dengan teliti teliti %2< gr 7al2 melarut melarutkan kan dengan dengan a*uade a*uadest st sampai <== ml& #& Menyiap Menyiapkan kan % buah buah Erlenm Erlenmeyer eyer&& ;& Menamb Menambahk ahkan an masing masing-mas -masing ing %' ml 7al sebelu sebelum m dan yang sesuda sesudah h dikontakkan dengan ion exchanger dalam Erlenmeyer& <& Menam Menambah bahka kan n % tetes tetes indi indika kato torr metil metil merah merah22 kemu kemudi dian an ment mentit itras rasii dengan (l& '& Menc Mencata atatt 5olu 5olume me tit titras rasi& i& Pe)e)t#a) Ka+$o)at B&ka+$o)at
6& Menyiapkan Menyiapkan % buah Erlenmey Erlenmeyer2 er2 mengisi mengisi masing-m masing-masing asing dengan dengan %< ml a*uadest murni dan %< ml a*uadest yang telah dikontakkan dalam ion exchanger& %& Menamb Menambahk ahkan an % tetes tetes indika indikator tor metil metil merah merah&& #& Menti Mentitr trasi asi deng dengan an (l (l hing hingga ga beru beruba bah h 0arn 0arnaa dari dari kuni kuning ng men menad adii merah muda& ;& Menca Mencatat tat 5olu 5olume me tit titras rasi& i&
*. *I.
PERTAN/AAN !Te+am0&+% DATA PENGAMATAN
A& 4ation Pe+(o$aa)
*o#me EDTA !m%
a"# se sebelum masuk ion exc&
=2'=
a"# se setelah masuk ion exc&
=2;<
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*II.
(%" sebelum masuk ion exc&
= 2@
(%" setelah masuk ion exc&
= 2<
PERHITUNGAN
A& Percob Percobaan aan denga dengan n /esin /esin 4ation 4ation - Pembuat !arutan E$TA +<== ppm, gr ME$TA x <== mgC! x 6 ! <== mg =2< gr
-
Pembuatan !arutan a"# +;== ppm, M CaCO gr x 3
<== mgC! x 6 ! <== mg =2< gr
-
Penentuan unsur kation sebelum dikontakkan pada Unit )on Exchanger CaCO, BE CaC O mg a. E$TA x 7E$TA x 3
1 L
= 2' 2' ml ml x
1000 ml
x
500 mg / L 246,67 gr / ml
grCml +¿
Ca M ¿
=26%6@ mg +¿ ml a 1000 xmgC L mlcontoh ¿
ml
x 6==2=> 6==2=>
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+¿
+¿
H M ¿
1000
1
ml H 1000 x mg L mlcontoh ¿
ml x 0,146 mg L 25 ml
1 <2?; ppm
-
Penentuan unsur kation setelah dikontakkan pada Unit )on Exchanger CaCO, BE CaC O mg a. E$TA x 7E$TA x 3
1 L
=2; =2;< ml x
1000 ml
x
500 mg / L 246,67 gr / ml
x 6==2=>
grCml =2=>6 mg +¿ ml a 1000 xmgC L mlcontoh
+¿
Ca M ¿
¿
1000
1
ml x 0,091 mg L 25 ml
1 #2'< ppm H2O + 6 kali dikontakkan,
mg (.
E$TA x 7E$TA x
BE H O
1 L
=2> ml x
+¿
H M ¿
1000 ml
2
x
500 mg / L 246,67 gr / ml
=2=## mg +¿ ml H x mg 1000 L mlcontoh
x 6? grCml
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=2=6? mg +¿ ml H x mg 1000 L mlcontoh
+¿
H M ¿
¿
1000
1
ml x 0,018 mg L 25 ml
1 =2@% ppm
-
E11isiensi /esin Penukar )on Positi1 +4ation, CaCO, ( 4,868−3,65 ) ppm μ x 6==D 4,868 ppm %< D H2O + 6 kali dikontakkan , μ
( 5,84 −1,32 ) ppm
5,84 ppm
x 6==D
@@2; D H2O + 6 kali dikontakkan , μ
( 5,84 −0,72 ) ppm
5,84 ppm
x 6==D
?@2'@ D B& Percob Percobaan aan denga dengan n /esin /esin Anio Anion n - Pembuan !arutan (l =26 M x ρ x 1000 M BM gr x 1000 ml gr 36,5 mol
0,37 x 1,19
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2,5 gr 58
gr mol
=2? ml x 7(l
7(l =2=<; 7
-
Penentuan 4arbonat Bikarbonat dengan )on Exchanger D karbon karbonat at = untuk untuk semua semua sampel sampel22 karena karena 0arna 0arna langsu langsung ng berubah saat diberi indikator& NaC sebelum dikontakkan V HCl x N HCl x BE NaH CO D bikarbonat gr sampe sampell
3
x 6==
ek gr x 89,01 L ek x 6== ml x 2,5 gr 1000 L
0,8 ml x 0,054
=26<; NaC setelah dikontakkan V HCl x N HCl x BE NaH CO D bikarbonat gr sampe sampell
3
x 6==
ek gr x 89,01 L ek x 6== ml x 2,5 gr 1000 L
0,3 ml x 0,054
=2= H2O sebelum dikontakkan V HCl x N HCl x BE NaH CO D bikarbonat gr sampe sampell 0,7 ml x 0,054
3
x 6==
ek gr x 89,01 L ek
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ek gr x 89,01 L ek x 6== ml x 2,5 gr 1000 L
0,5 ml x 0,054
=2=>'
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standar standarisas isasi& i& $imana $imana22 pada pada percob percobaan aan ini memban membandin dingka gkan n sampel sampel ketika ketika dima dimasu sukk kkan an keda kedala lam m unit unit ion ion exch exchan ange gerr deng dengan an samp sampel el yang ang tida tidak k dima dimasu sukk kkan an keda kedalam lam unit unit ion ion exch exchan anger ger&& $ari $ari data data yang yang dida didapa patt bisa bisa lang langsu sung ng dike diketa tahu huii bah0 bah0aa unit unit ion ion exch exchan ange gerr dapa dapatt memi memini nim mali8 ali8ir ir konsentrasi ion kation dalam sampel dengan resin kation& Pada larutan a" # kadar kation sebelum dimasukkan ke dalam unit ion exchanger sebesar ;2?'? ppm2 sedangkan setelah dimasukkan ion exchanger sebesar #2 '< ppm& Pada sampel sampel a*uade a*uadest2 st2 kadar kadar kation kation sebelum sebelum dimasuk dimasukkan kan unit unit ion exchan exchanger ger sebesar <2?; ppm2 setelah dikontakkan 6 kali sebesar 62#% ppm dan setelah dikontakkan sebanyak # kali kadar kation dalam a*uadest menadi =2@% ppm& Pada Pada perc percob obaan aan kedu kedua2 a2 dila dilaku kuka kan n deng dengan an menu menuru runk nkan an a*ua a*uade dest st sebag sebagai ai samp sampel el dan dan larut larutan an 7al 7al sebag sebagai ai larut larutan an baku baku&& 3ama 3ama sepert sepertii percobaan sebelumnya2 pada percobaan ini uga membandingkan sampel baik sebelum maupun yang sesudah dikontakkan dengan resin penukar ion& $ari data dapat diketahui bah0a resin penukar anion dapat meminimali8ir atau mengurangi kadar anion dalam sampel dengan cara mengikat unsur anion dalam bentuk /-"(& Pada larutan 7al kadar anion sebelum dikontakkan sebes sebesar ar =26< =26<;D ;D seda sedang ngka kan n setel setelah ah diko dikont ntak akkan kan sebe sebesar sar =2=< =2=
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6& Unit Unit ion exchang exchangee bertuu bertuuan an untuk untuk menyerap menyerap unsurunsur-un unsur sur anion anion ataupu ataupun n kation dengan menggunakan resin penukar ion& %& Pada percoba percobaan an 62 didapat didapat data kadar kadar kation kation dalam dalam sampel sampel sebesar sebesar : sebelum di dikontakkan ;2 ;2?'? pp ppm - a"# seb setelah dikontakkan #2'< ppm - a"# se <2;? ppm - (%" sebelum dikontakkan 62#% ppm - (%" 6x dikontakkan =2@% ppm - (%" #x dikontakkan #& Pada percoba percobaan an kedua2 kedua2 didapat didapat data data kadar kadar anion anion dalam sampel sebesar : - 7al sebelum =26<; D - 7al setelah =2= D - (%" sebelum =2 =26#; D - (%" setelah =2=>' D
DATAR PUSTAKA -
An8ar2 Erniati& %=6'& Penuntun %=6'& Penuntun Praktikum Pengendalian Pencemaran.
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LAMPIRAN !Pe+ta)yaa)%
6& Unit Unit ion ion exc excha hang nger er
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celah-celah resin& $isinilah akan teradi proses pertukaran ion& 3etelah dikontakkan dengan resin2 sampel akan keluar melalui 5al5e yang terbuka&
%& Bagaimana Bagaimana menentu menentukan kan keenuhan keenuhan unit ion exchan exchanger ger F a0ab : 4eenuhan unit ion exchanger dapat dilihat dari 0arna sampel yang sudah ber0arna atau tidak bening setelah dimasukkan dalam resin penukar ion& Pada resin anion2 unit ion exchanger bisa dikatakan sudah enuh2 karena setelah sampel mele0ati resin tersebut2 sampel sudah ber0arna sedikit kuning& #& (itung (itung e11isie e11isiensi nsi penyisi penyisihan han dari senya0a senya0a yang terkan terkandun dung g di dalam dalam air limbah misalnya penyisihan senya0a besi& Penyelesaian : - E11isiensi /esin Penukar )on Positi1 +4ation, CaCO, ( 4,868−3,65 ) ppm μ x 6==D 4,868 ppm %< D H2O + 6 kali dikontakkan , μ
( 5,84 −1,32 ) ppm
5,84 ppm
x 6==D
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GAMBAR ALAT
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LAPORAN TETAP TETAP ANALISIS ANALISIS BATUBARA BATUBARA
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR DENGAN UNIT ION EXCHANGER
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POLITEKNIK POLITEKNI K NEGERI SRI5IJA/A SRI5IJA/A PALEMBANG PALEMBANG 2678