LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM PEMERIKSAAN MANUAL TERAPI (REGIO KNEE JOINT)
DI SUSUN OLEH :
NAMA
: YESI APRIANI
KELAS
: II/A D.IV
NIM
: PO.714241151049
POLTEKKES KEMENKES MAKASSAR JURUSAN DIV FISIOTERAPI TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017
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Nama Pemeriksaan
Prosedur Pelaksanaan
Tes Gerak Aktif Fleksi knee a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai :
1) Posisi 1 : Supine lying dengan posisi kedua tungkai netral 2) Posisi 2 : Prone lying dengan posisi kedua tungkai netral.
b. Teknik pelaksanaan :
Untuk posisi supine lying. Minta pasien untuk melakukan fleksi hip 90o, kemudian fleksi knee maksimal. Kemudian amati apakah luas gerakan untuk kedua tungkai sama. Caranya dengan melihat tungkai mana yang bagian tumitnya lebih dekat kearah bokong.
Sedangkan untuk posisi prone lying . minta pasien untuk melakukan fleksi knee(menekuk lutut ke belakang). Kemudian ukur ROM . Axis pada epicondylus lateral femur, lengan proksimal pada lateral midline mi dline femur sedangkan lengan distal pada lateral midline betis. Kemudian bandingkan ROM dengan kaki satunya.
c. ROM yang diperoleh :
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d. Tujuan Pemeriksaan :
1) Untuk memperoleh ROM aktif fleksi knee. 2) Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya nyeri diakhir gerakan. 3) Untuk
mengetahui
adanya
gangguan
koordinasi gerakan. Extensi knee a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai :
1) Posisi 1 : Supine lying, dengan tungkai dalam posisi netral. 2) Posisi 2 : Prone lying dengan posisi patella diujung bed.
b. Teknik pelaksanaan :
1)
Posisi Supine lying. Minta pasien melakukan ekstensi knee dengan
menekan
knee
ke
bawah,
perhatikan fossa poplitea, jika terdapat celah maka terjadi keterbatasan. 2)
Posisi Prone lying . Minta pasien untuk melakukan ekstensi knee . kemudian amati pada kedua tungkai
,
mana
yang
lebih
luas
gerakannya . Setelah itu ukur ROM aktif Axis pada epicondylus lateral femur, lengan proksimal pada lateral midline femur sedangkan lengan distal pada lateral midline betis. Kemudian bandingkan ROM dengan dengan kaki satunya.
ROM yang diperoleh :
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d. Tujuan Pemeriksaan :
1) Untuk memperoleh ROM aktif fleksi knee. 2) Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya nyeri diakhir gerakan. 3) Untuk
mengetahui
adanya
gangguan
koordinasi gerakan. External rotasi
a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai : Supine lying, fleksi hip + fleksi knee + dorsofleksi ankle.
b. Teknik pelaksanaan :
1) Perintahkan pasien untuk melakukan eksternal rotasi knee secara maksimal. 2) Ukur ROM eksternal rotasi knee kanan dan
kiri
goniometer
pasien
menggunakan
dengan
axiz
pada
calcaneus, lengan proksimal dan distal sejajar dengan jari kedua.
c. ROM yang diperoleh :
Kanan : 230 Kiri : 350
d. Tujuan Pemeriksaan :
1) Untuk mengetahui luas ROM aktif eksternal rotasi hip 2)
Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya nyeri diawal dan diakhir gerakan
3) Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya gangguan koordinasi gerakan.
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dorsofleksi ankle.
b. Teknik pelaksanaan :
1) Perintahkan pasien untuk melakukan internal rotasi knee secara maksimal. 2) Ukur ROM internal rotasi knee kanan dan
kiri
pasien
menggunakan
goniometer dengan axiz pada calcaneus, lengan proksimal dan distal sejajar dengan jarikedua.
c. ROM yang diperoleh : Kanan : 240 Kiri : 280
d. Tujuan Pemeriksaan :
1) Untuk mengetahui luas ROM aktif eksternal rotasi hip 2) Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya nyeri diawal dan diakhir gerakan 3) Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya gangguan koordinasi gerakan.
Tes Gerak Pasif Fleksi knee a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai :
1) Posisi 1 : Supine lying dengan posisi kedua tungkai netral. 2) Posisi 2 : prone lying dengan posisi kedua tungkai netral.
b. Posisi fisioterapis : Berdiri disamping
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1) Posisi 1 : Tangan kiri fisioterapis berada pada lateral knee dan tangan kanan berada pada distal anterior tibia.
2) Posisi 2 : Tangan kanan berada pada distal anterior tibia dan tangan kiri berada pada lateral knee.
d. Teknik pelaksanaan : Fisioterapis menggerakkan kaki pasien ke arah Fleksi Knee semaksimal mungkin dengan axis goniometer pada epicondylus lateral femur dengan lengan proksimal sejajar femur fan lengan distal sejajar dengan tibia (midline betis).
e. End feel : Soft Endfeel
f. ROM yang diperoleh :
1) Posisi 1 :
Kanan : 135 0
Kiri : 1350
2) Posisi 2 :
Kanan : 133 0
Kiri : 1330
g. Tujuan :
1) Untuk mengetahui ROM pasif fleksi knee. 2) Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya nyeri diakhir gerakan.
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a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai :
1) Posisi 1 : Supine lying dengan posisi kedua tungkai netral. 2) Posisi 2 : Prone lying dengan posisi kedua tungkai netral.
b. Posisi fisioterapis : Fisioterapis berdiri disamping pasien.
c. Peletakan tangan fisioterapis :
1) Posisi 1 : Tangan kanan
fisioterapis
berada pada anterior knee dan tangan kiri pada distal posterior tibia. 2) Posisi 2 : Tangan kanan fisioterapis berada didistal tibia sedangkan tangan kiri berada di medial knee.
d. Tehnik
Pelaksanaan
:
Fisioterapis
menggerakkan kaki pasien ke arah ekstensi Knee semaksimal mungkin dengan axis goniometer pada epicondylus lateral femur dengan lengan proksimal sejajar femur dan lengan distal sejajar dengan tibia (midline betis)
End feel : Hard Endfeel
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g. Tujuan :
1) Untuk mengetahui ROM pasif ekstensi knee 2) Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya nyeri diakhir gerakan. 3) Untuk mengetahui endfeel pada akhir gerakan.
External rotasi a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai :
1) Posisi 1 : Supine lying, fleksi hip + fleksi knee + dorsofleksi. 2) Posisi 2 : Prone lying dan fleksi hip 90 o.
b. Posisi fisioterapis : Berada disamping kaki pasien.
c. Peletakan tangan fisioterapis :
Posisi 1 : tangan kiri berada di knee sedangkan tangan kanan berada di medial foot. Posisi 2 : Tangan kiri berada pada posterior distal tibia dan tangan kanan berada di sisi medial foot.
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Kanan : 350 Kiri : 350
g. Tujuan : 1.
Untuk mengethaui ROM pasif.
2.
Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya nyeri diakshir gerakan.
3.
Untuk mengetahui end feel pada akhir gerakan.
Internal rotasi a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai :
1) Posisi 1 : Supine lying, fleksi hip + fleksi knee + dorsofleksi. 2) Posisi 2 : Prone lying dan fleksi hip 90o.
b. Posisi fisioterapis : Berdiri disamping kaki pasien.
c. Peletakan tangan fisioterapis :
1) Posisi 1 : tangan kiri berada di knee sedangkan tangan kanan berada di lateral foot. 2) Posisi 2 : Tangan kiri berada pada posterior distal tibia dan tangan kanan berada di sisi lateral foot.
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f. ROM yang diperoleh : Kanan : 300 Kiri : 300
g. Tujuan : 1. Untuk mengethaui ROM pasif 2. Untuk
mengetahui
ada
tidaknya
nyeri
diakshir gerakan. 3. Untuk mengetahui end feel pada akhir
gerakan.
Tes Resisted Isometric Movements Fleksi knee a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai :
1) Posisi 1 : Prone lying dengan posisi kedua tungkai netral. 2) Posisi 2 : Supine lying dengan posisi kedua tungkai netral.
b. Posisi
fisioterapis
: Fisioterapis
berdiri
disamping pasien.
c. Peletakan tangan fisioterapis :
1) Posisi 1 : Tangan kanan fisioterapis berada pada calcaneus pasien dan tangan kiri
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e. Tujuan :
1) Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya nyeri pada otot atau tendon. 2) Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya kelemahan pada otot. Extensi knee a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai :
1) Posisi 1 : prone lying dengan posisi kedua tungkai netral. 2) Posisi 2 : Supine lying dengan posisi kedua tungkai netral.
b. Posisi fisioterapis : Berdiri disamping pasien.
c. Peletakan tangan fisioterapis :
1) Posisi 1 : Tangan kanan fisioterapis berada pada distal tibia pasien dan tangan kiri fisioterapis berada pada poplitea pasien. 2) Posisi 2 : Tangan kanan fisioterapis berada di knee pada bagian kaki yang tidak diterapi dan tangan kiri fisioterapis berada pada distal tibia pada kaki yang akan diterapi.
d. Teknik pelaksanaan : Fisioterapis meminta Pasien
melakukan
gerakan
ekstensi
knee,
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a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai :
1) Posisi 1 : Supine lying, kaki pasien fleksi hip + fleksi knee 45 O dan dorsofleksi. 2) Posisi 2 : Prone Lying, Ekstensi hip dan Fleksi knee 90o
b. Posisi fisioterapis : Berdiri disamping pasien.
c. Peletakan tangan fisioterapis :
1) Posisi 1 : Tangan kanan fisioterapis berada di lateral knee sebagai stabilisator dan tangan kiri berada di lateral kaki sebagai penggerak. 2) Posisi 2 : Tangan kiri berada di bagian lateral kaki dan tangan kanan berada di calcaneus.
d. Teknik
pelaksanaan
:
Fisioterapis
menggerakkan kerah endorotasi knee dan pasien melawan kearah eksorotasi knee tapi tidak ada gerakan.
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c. Peletakan tangan fisioterapis :
1) Posisi 1 : Tangan kanan fisioterapi berada di lateral knee sebgai stabilisator dan tangan kiri berada di medial kaki sebagai penggerak. 2) Posisi 2 : Tangan kanan berada di bagian medial kaki dan tangan kiri berada di calcaneus.
d. Teknik
pelaksanaan
:
Fisioterapis
menggerkakkan kaki pasien ke arah eksorotasi knee, sedangkan pasien memberikan tahanan kearah endorotasi knee sehingga tidak terjadi gerakan.
e. Tujuan :
1) Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya nyeri pada otot atau tendon. 2) untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya kelemahan pada otot sartorius, gracillis, semitendinosus.
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kearah dorsofleksi tapi tidak ada gerakan.
e. Tujuan :
1) Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya nyeri pada otot atau tendon. 2) Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya kelemahan pada otot. Plantar fleksi ankle
a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai : Supine lying,
dengan
kaki
kirinetraldan
kaki
kananditekuk.
b. Posisi fisioterapis : Berdiri didepan kaki pasien.
c. Peletakan tangan fisioterapis : Tangan kanan berada pada plantar kaki dan tangan t angan kiri berada calcaneus.
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memegang kedua tangan pasien.
c. Teknik pelaksanaan : Minta pasien untuk berjinjit lalu jongkok (Posisi kuda-kuda lalu perhatikan ada tidaknya nyeri).
d. Tujuan
: Untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya
kerusakan pada ligament.
Hop test
a. Posisi pasien : Pasien dalam posisi berdiri.
b. Posisi fisioterapis : berdiri didepan pasien
c. Teknik pelaksanaan : .Perintahkan pasien untuk menekuk kaki kirinya dan kaki kanan menumpuh pada lantai
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hamstring dan quadricep.
Tes Stabilitas Sendi Valgus test
a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai : Supine Lying, Fleksi knee 30 ⁰
b. Posisi fisioterapis : Berdiri disamping kaki pasien.
c. Peletakan tangan fisioterapis : Tangan kanan fisioterapis
berada
di
medial
knee
ankle
sedangkan tangan kiri fisioterapis berada di lateral knee.
d. Teknik
pelaksanaan
fisioterapis
memfiksasi
:
Tangan
medial
ankle,
kanan lalu
tangan kiri fisioterapis mendorong lateral knee kearah medial menggunakan punggung telapak tangan dengan posisi tungkai fleksi 30 ⁰ dan
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d. Teknik pelaksanaan : tangan kanan fisioterapis memfiksasi
medial knees. Kemudian tangan
kiri mendorong ankle kearah medial.
e. Tujuan : untuk mengetahui adanya lesi atau kerusakan ligamen collateral lateral.
Lachman test
a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai : Supine Lying, fleksi knee 30o
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berada di distal femur yang berperan sebagai fiksasi dan tangan kanan berada di tuberositas tibia tungkai bawah bagian anterior sebagai penggerak
d. Teknik pelaksanaan : tangan kiri memfiksasi paha pasien kemudian tangan kanan mendorong tuborositas tibia ke arah posterior.
e. Tujuan
:
untuk
mengetahui
adanya
lesi/kerusakan pada ligaman cruciatum poterior. Drawer test (anterior/posterior)
a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai : Supine
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atau kerusakan pada ligamen cruciatum posterior.
Slochum test (modifikasi drawer test)
a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai : supine lying, 1) Posisi 1 : fleksi knee 45 dan internal °
rotasi knee.
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b. Posisi fisioterapis : Berdiri di samping pasien
c. Peletakan tangan fisioterapis : tangan kiri fisioterapis berada di proksimal tungkai bawah bagian lateral sebagai fiksator fi ksator dan tangan kanan berada di calcaneus sebagai penggerak.
d. Teknik pelaksanaan : Lakukan rotasi medial knee kemudian fleksi hip maksimal lalu lakukan ekstensi knee.
e. Tujuan : untuk mengetahui ada / tidaknya
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1. Pasien
diminta
melangkahkan
kaki
kirinya ke depan kemudian fisioterapis memutar badan pasien ke arah kanan, selanjutnya pasien merasakan adanya nyeri di bagian lutut. 2. Pasien kirinya
diminta ke
melangkahkan belakang
kaki
kemudian
fisioterapis memutar badan pasien ke arah kiri, selanjutnya pasien merasakan
Ke kiri
adanya nyeri di bagian lutut.
e. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui adanya kerusakan meniskus medial dan lateral serta ligamen
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b. Posisi
fisioterapis
: Fisioterapis
jongkok
disamping kanan kaki pasien.
c. Peletakan tangan fisioterapis : Tangan kanan berada pada lateral distal femur dan tangan kiri berada pada medial knee.
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e. Tujuan : untuk mengetahui adanya lesi pada meniskus lateral atau medial.
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a. Posisi pasien dan posisi awal tungkai :
Supine lying dengan tungkai abduksi hip dan fleksi knee hingga telapak kaki menyentuh medial femur tungkai yang lain.
b. Posisi fisioterapis : Berada di samping
tungkai pasien
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d. Teknik
pelaksanaan
:
Tangan
kiri
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a. Posisi Pasien : Supine lying dengan posisi
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