LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM KIMIA ANORGANIK 1 ALUMINIUM.doc

LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM KIMIA ANORGANIK 1 ALUMINUIM DAN SENYAWANYA

Penyusun :

LABORATORIUM KIMIA ANORGANIK  FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG 201

Contents 1.EKSPERIMEN REAKSI DENGAN ASAM KLORIDA............................................................. 9 2.Eksperimen reaksi dengan laruan NaO!...........................................................................1" #.Eksperimen reaksi dengan $ksigen..................................................................................... 1" %.Mem&andingkan Al'l2 dan magnesium kl$rida................................................................... 1" (.Eksperimen mem&andingkan si)a asam*&asa Al'l# dan MgO..........................................11 +.Eksperimen mem&andingkan si)a asam &asa i$n Al#, dan Mg2, er-idrasi......................11

ALUMINIUM DAN SENYAWANYA

A. TUJUAN PRAKTIKUM Me!"e#$%$&' ('!'$ $#u!'n'u! )$n seny$*$ny$ )$n !e!+$n)'n,($nny$ )en,$n ('!'$ !$,nes'u! )$n seny$*$ny$-

B. TEORI DASAR 

I!u ('!'$ $#u!'n'u! s$n,$. )'.en.u($n /#e !u$.$n y$n, +es$& )$n %$&'%$&' y$n, (e'# )$&' '/n A#345 y$'.u (e&$"$.$n !u$.$n +es$&Ke&$"$.$n Mu$.$n K$.'/n

S$.u$n !u$.$n

6$&'%$&' '/n7n!8

Mu$.$n9 %$&'%$&'

 N$3

31

050;

10

M,23

32

050<=

41

A#34

34

050;

<4

>n23

32

050?

2?

@u23

32

050<

2

6'($ ,$&$! $#u!'n'u! )'#$&u.($n )$#$! $'& '/n A#43 se,e&$ !e!+en.u( A#7H2O843  y$n,  +'$s$ny$ )'.u#'s )en,$n A#437$C8- D' )$#$! #$&u.$n $'&5 $'& y$n, +e+$s +e&un,s' se+$,$' +$s$ )$n )$"$. )'"e&/#e (ese.'!+$n,$n +e&'(u. 

A#7H2O43 3 H2O

↔

 A#7H2O843 3 H2O

D$#$! +$s$ y$n, (u$. se"e&.' N$OH .e&%$)' &e$(s' 

A#7H2O843 3 4OH

→

 A#7H2O847OH847s8 3 H2O7#8

D$#$! #$&u.$n N$OH y$n, +e&#e+'5  

A#7H2O87OH87s8 3 OH 7$C8

→

 A#7H2O847OH847s8 H2O7#8

A#u!'n'u! $)$#$ s$#$ s$.u ,/#/n,$n III A y$n, !e&u"$($n unsu&e #/,$! y$n,  +e&*$&n$ "u.' "e&$( !en,('#$.- A#u!'n'u! !e&u"$($n 10 ,&$! e#e(.&/"/s'.' )$n )'u)$&$ $#u!'n'u! !e&u"$($n #/,$! y$n, .$$n ($&$.A#u!'n'u! )'"&/)u(s' )$#$! %u!#$ y$n, +es$& )$#$! )un'$ 'n)us.&y $# 'n' ($&en$ $#u!'n'u! +$ny$( )'!$n$$.($n /&$n,- P&/ses "e!+u$.$n $#u!'n'u! )$#$! 'n)us.&y )'(en$# )en,$n "&/ses $# y$n, .e&)'&' )$&' )u$ .$$"$n "&/ses5 y$'.u .$$" "e!u&n'$n  +e&$s'# $.$u (&/#'. y$n, !e!$n$$.($n s'$. $.!/se& )$&' $#u!'n'u! /(s')$ )$n .$$" e#e(.&/#'s's un.u( !e!e"&/#e $#u!'n'u! !u&n' y$n, (e!u)'$n !e#$#u' "&/ses #e+' #$n%u.- A#u!'n'u! )'+u$. )$#$! +en.u( .e&.en.u +e+e&$"$ (e,un$$n $#u!'n'u! y$'.u )',un$($n )$#$! (/ns.&u(s' "es$*$. )$n !/+'#•

Re$(s' ('!'$ #/,$! $#u!'n'u!

A#u!'n'u! $)$#$ #/,$! "u.' y$n, #'$. )$n )$"$. )'.e!"$ +u+u(ny$ +e&*$&n$ $+u$+u5 '$ !e#e+u& "$)$ 100@- +'#$ .e($n$n u)$&$5 /+%e(/+%e( $#u!'n'u! .e&/(s')$s'  "$)$ "e&!u($$nny$5 .e.$"' #$"'s$n /(s')$s'/(s')$s' 'n' !e#'n)un,' /+%e( )$&' /(s')$s' #e+' #$n%u.- As$! (#/&')$ ene& )en,$n !u)$ !e#$&u.($n #/,$! 'n'5 "e#$&u.$n #e+' #$!+$. )$#$! $s$! su#$. ene& $.$u ,$&$! n'.&$. ene&4 A# 3 < H3

→

 2 A# 43 4 H2

↑

P&/ses "e#$&u.$n )$"$. )'"e&e"$. )en,$n !en$!+$($n se)'('. !e#$&u.($n 7II8 (#/&')$  "$)$ $!"u&$n $s$! "$)$ (#/&')$5 "e($. %u,$ !e#$&u.($n $#u!'n'u!2 A# 3 < H@#

→

 2 A#43 3 4H2

↑

 3 <@#

As$! su#$. "e($. !e#$&u.($n $#u!'n'u! )en,$n !e!+e)$($n +e#e&$n, )'/(s')$ 2 A# 3
→

 2A#43 3 4SO2 3 4SO2

↑

3
As$! n'.&$. "e($. !e!+u$. #/,$! !en%$)' "/s'.' )en,$n ')&/(s' $#($#' .e&+en.u( #$&u.$n .e.&$')&/(s' $#u!'n$.2 A# 3 2OH 3 < H2O

→

  A# 7OH8 3 4H2

↑

3 4H2

↑

A#u!'n'u! $)$#$ #/,$! 'n$#en )$#$! seny$*$seny$*$ny$ '/n $#u!'n'u! 7A#438 !e!+en.u( ,$&$!,$&$! y$n, .$( +e&*$&n$ )en,$n $n'/n$n'/n y$n, .$( +e&*$&n$H$#')$ n'.&$. )$n su#$.ny$ #$&u. )$#$! $'&5 #$&u.$n $'&5 #$&u.$n 'n' !e!"e&#'$.($n &e$(s' $s$! ($&en$ ')&/#'s's- A#u!'n'u! su#$. )$"$. )'+u$. $ny$ )$#$! (e$)$$n "$)$. s$%$5 )$#$! $'& .e&')&/#'s's )$n !e!+en.u( 7A#7OH828Du$ $(./& y$n, $&us )'"e&.'!+$n,($n un.u( !en'#$'5 (e#$&u.$n seny$*$ )$#$! $'&5 (e'# u(u&$n )$n .'n,,'ny$ !u$.$n '/n A#43  'n' su($& #$&u. )$#$! $'&- @/n./ : A#2@#4  +$($n A#F4 yn$, !e&u"$($n ,$+un,$n )$&' A#43 )$n F y$n, +e&$#ens' 1- Menun%u($n (e#$&u.$n )$#$! $'& y$n, &en)$ A#@#45 A#B& 2  )$n A#I2  !e!"uny$' s'$. (/$#en )$n !u)$ #$&u. )$#$! $'&Se%u!#$ ,$&$! $#u!'n'u! )$n se"e&.' $#ny$ #/,$! ,/#/n,$n 7 VIII A8 !en,(&'s.$# )$n #$&u.$nny$ se+$,$' ')&$.5 s$.u '&&' u.$!$ 5 #$&u.$n ,$&$! $#u!'n'u! )$#$! $'& +e&s'$. $s$!K$&en$ )$y$ .$&'( $($n e#e(.&/n )$&' '/n (e'# )en,$n !u$.$n y$n, .'n,,' )$&' A#43I($.$n OH )$#$! !/#e(u# #/,$! H2O "u.us- P&/./n )'#e"$s($n (e#u$& )$&' #en,(un, (//&)'n$s' #',$n H2O- Se)$n,($n '/n (/!"#e(sny$ +e&u+$ !en%$)' A#7H2O8= OH235 #/,$! $#u!'n'u! y$n, )'#$"'s' )en,$n /(s')$ )$"$. !ene,$ "en,($&$.$n "$)$ se#$n,  "H 5=;54 L/,$! !e&u"$($n #/,$! +e&*$&n$ "u.' (e&$"$.$n )en,$n (e&$"$.$n y$n, &en)$ !e!"uny$' !$ss$ %en's 25? ,&$!9!4S'$.s'$. y$n, )'!'#'(' $#u!'n'u! $n.$&$ #$'n: 1- R'n,$n T$$n (/&/s' )$n .')$( +e&$un !$($ )',un$($n un.u( $#$. &un$ .$n,,$ se"e&.':  "$n'5 *$%$n5 )$n #$'n#$'n2- Re#e(s'5 )$#$! +en.u( $#u!'n'u! /#) )',un$($n se+$,$' "e!+un,(us !$($n$n5 /+$.5 )$n &/(/(-

4- D$y$ $n.$& #'s.&'(5 )u$ ($#' +es$& )$&' @u !$($ A# )',un$($n se+$,$' ($+e# !.'$n, #'s.&'(- P$n)u$n A# )en,$n #/,$! #$'nny$ !en,$s'#($n #/,$! y$n, (u$. se"e&.' )u&$#'n 7 $!"u&$n A#5@u5M,8 un.u( "e!+u$.$n +$)$n "es$*$. =- A# se+$,$' &e)u(./& un.u( /(s')$ MnO2 )$n @& 2O2A#u!'n'u! $)$#$ #/,$! y$n, s$n,$. !e#'!"$ )'$#$!5 !es('"un )e!'('$n5  +es' !$s' +'$s #e+' +$ny$( )',un$($n )$&' "$)$ $#u!'n'u!5 ($&en$ )$"$. /n,(/s  "e!+u$.$n $#u!'n'u! .e&#$#u .'n,,'5 $#u!'n'u! .e&)$"$. se+$,$' s'#'($.5 #e!"un,5 +$.u se&"'5 +$.u .u's5 )##Pe!+u$.$n $#u!'n'u! )$&' seny$*$seny$*$ .e&se+u. )'$.$s !e!e&#u($n /n,(/s .e&#$#u .'n,,' - #$,' "u#$5 $#u!'n'u! yn$, $!s' !en,$n)un, +es' )$n s'#'/n .')$( +e&,un$ s$!$ se($#'- Un.un,ny$ )'$#$! .e&)$"$. %u,$ +$u(s'. A#2O4-H2O$#u!'n'u! y$n, !u&n' )'"e&/#e )$&' $. 'n' )en,$n $&$ e#e(.&/#')$5 se+e#u! e#e(.&/#')$ )$"$. )'(e&%$($n- B'%'ny$ y$n, !$s' !en,$n)un, s'#'/n )$n +es' $&us )'+e&s'($n #e+' )$u#u- Un.u( !$(su) .e&se+u.5 )'"e&,un$($n s'$. $!/.e& )$&' $#u!'n'u! /(s')$ y$n, (/./& )'$!"u& )en,$n #$&u.$n- N$.&'u! ')&/(s')$ "$n$s se'n,,$ #$&u. +e&u"$ '/n $#u!'n$. 3 A#7OH8

C. ALAT DAN BAHAN

•

A#$.

T$+un, &e$(s' Ge#$s ('!'$ P'"$ "eny$#u& ,$s Pe!+$($& +/nsen •

B$$n Ke"'n, $#u!'n'u! Se&+u( A# P'.$ M, As$! (#/&')$ ene&   N$.&'u! ')&/(s')$ ene& L$&u.$n !e&(u&'7II8 (#/&')$ G$s (#/&  T$+un, "en,e&'n, @$@#2 A#u!'n'u! (#/&')$ $n')&$. M$,nes'u! (#/&')$ $n')&$.

M$,nes'u! /(s')$ A#u!'n'u! /(s')$ L$&u.$n A#3 051 M L$&u.$n M,23 051 M

D. CARA KERJA

1. EKSPERIMEN REAKSI DENGAN ASAM KLORIDA = !# $s$! (#/&')$ ene& 3 +e+e&$"$ (e"'n, #/,$! A#

M$su(($n (e)$#$! .$+un, &e$(s'

6'($ = !en'. A# .')$( +e&e$(s'

P$n$s($n

U#$n,' )en,$n "'.$ M,

2. Eksperimen reaksi dengan larutan NaOH = !# N$OH ene& 3 +e+e&$"$ (ee"'n, A# 7 se&+u( 1 sen)/(8

M$su(($n (e)$#$! .$+un, &e$(s'

6'($ se.e#$ = !en'. +e#u! +e&e$(s'

P$ns($n

3. Eksperie! re"ksi #e!$"! %ksi$e! A# /'#

M$su(($n (e)$#$! ,e#$s ('!'$

T$+u&' )en,$n #$&u.$n !e&(u&' 7II8 (#/&')$

B'$&($n +e+e&$"$ !en'.5 (e!u)'$n u' $#u!'n'u! /'# )en,$n $'& 

B'$&($n +e+&$"$ !en'. )' u)$&$

&. Me'"!#i!$k"! A(C() #"! "$!esi* k(%ri#" A- Pe!$n$s$n (#/&')$ $n')&$ A#@#4 $n')&$. "$n$s($n )$#$! .$+un, &e$(s'

L$(u($n Pen,$!$.$n

B- Pen,$&u $'& .e&$)$" (#/&')$ $n')&$.

1 sen)/( A#@#4 $n')&$.

M$su(($n .$+un, &e$(s'

3 .e.es )e!' .e.es $'& 

U#$n,' "e&/+$$n )en,$n !en,,un$($n M,@#2 $n')&$. +. Eksperie!, e'"!#i!$k"! si-", "s"'"s" A(C( 3 #"! M$O

Pe&'(s$ &e$(s' )$&' A#2O4 )$n M,O )en,$n $'& "e&'(s$ "H #$&u.$n

Pe&'(s$ &e$(s' /(s')$/(s')$ !u#$!u#$ $s$! (#/&')$ ene&5 N$OH ene& 

Gun$($n 051 ,&$! /(s')$ )$#$! 4 !# $s$! 9 +$s$ /. Eksperie! e'"!#i!$k"! si-", "s" '"s" i%! A( 30 #"! M$)0 ,eri#r"si

Se)'$($n 2 .$+un, &e$(s'

4 !# A#43

4!# M,23

Pe&'(s$ "H

3 N$OH ene& 4 !#

L'$.#$ "en,$!$.$nny$

E. TABEL PENGAMATAN

2. PEMBAHASAN P$)$ "e&/+$$n 'n' e(s"e&'!en. y$n, )'#$(u($n y$'.u se+$,$' +e&'(u.: 1- E(s"e&'!en. &e$(s' $#u!'n'u! )en,$n $s$! (#/&')$

Pe&/+$$n "e&.$!$ ($#' 'n' y$'.u !en$!"u&($n = !# $s$! (#/&')$ ene& )en,$n (e"'n,$n $#u!'n'u! (e)$#$! .$+un, &e$(s'5 n$!un "$)$ s$$. '.u .')$( .e&%$)' &e$(s'Ke!u)'$n se.e#$ = !en'. .')$( .e&%$)' &e$(s'5 !$($ )'#$(u($n "e!$n$s$n "$)$ $!"u&$n .e&se+u.5 $)$ ,e#e!+un, ,$s H2- P$)$ &e$(s' y$n, .e&%$)' "$)$ A# 3 H@#  +e&#$n,sun, #$!+$. )en,$n &e$(s' se+$,$' +e&'(u.: 2A# 3 H@#

→

 2A#@#4 3 4H2

Se.e#$ '.u !e&e$(s'($n !$,nes'u! )en,$n H@#5 #$n,($ny$ s$!$ )en,$n $#u!'n'u!

.e.$"'5 "$)$ !$,nes'u! .e&%$)'

&e$(s' y$n, +e&#$n,sun, e"$.

)'+$n)'n,($n )en,$n $#u!'n'u! - $)$"un &e$(s'ny$ y$'.u se+$,$' +e&'(u.: 2H@# 3 M,

→

 M,@#2 3 H2

D$#$! e(s"e&'!en 'n'5 $#u!'n'u! )en,$n !$,nes'u! .')$( )$"$. +e&e$(s'7 .')$( )$"$. #$&u. )$#$! $s$! (#/&')$ ene&8- H$ny$ (e)u$ny$ !e!'#(' (ee"$.$n &e$(s' y$n, +e&+e)$5 A# #$!+$. +e&e$(s' )en,$n H@#5 se)$n,($n M, e"$. +e&e$(s' )en,$n H@# )$n (ee"$.$n &e$(s' .e&se+u. )$"$. )'#'$. "$)$ "&/ses "e!$n$s$n- H$# 'n' )'($&en$($n "$)$ #/,$! A# .e&)$"$. #$"'s$n /(s')$ y$n, !e#'n)un,' #/,$!ny$- D$n  %u,$ M, +e&s'$. #e+' &e$(.' )$&' "$)$ A#5 se'n,,$ M, #e+' e"$. +e&e$(s'2- E(s"e&'!en. &e$(s' )en,$n #$&u.$n N$OH

"e&/+$$n 'n' s$!$ )en,$n "e&/+$$n "e&.$!$- H$ny$ s$%$ "$)$ "e&/+$$n (e)u$ 'n' #$&u.$n $s$! (#/&')$ )',$n.' )en,$n n$.&'u! ')&/(s')$- D$#$! &e$(s' #$&u.$n n$.&'u! ')&/(s')$ )en,$n (ee"'n, $#u!'n'u! .')$( e.&%$)' &e$(s' y$n,  +e&$&.'- Te.$"' "$)$ s$$. )'"$n$s($n .e&%$)' &e$(s'5 $)$ny$ ,e#e!+un, ,$s5 )$n &e$(s'ny$ #$!+$. )'+$n)'n,($n )en,$n !$,nes'u!- Den,$n &e$(s' se+$,$' +e&'(u.: 4N$OH 3 A#

→

 A# 7OH84 3 4N$

Se)$n,($n "$)$ $!"u&$n n$.&'u! ')&/(s')$ )en,$n "'.$ M, .e&%$)' &e$(s' .$n"$  "e!$n$s$n5 "'.$ M, !en%$)' '.$!5 se!u#$ny$ '.$! (e$+u$+u$n- D$n &e$(s'ny$  %u,$ #e+' e"$. )$&' "$)$ A#- )en,$n &e$(s' se+,$$' +e&'(u.: 2N$OH 3M,

→

 M, 7OH82 3 2 N$-

Pe&#u )'(e.$u' +$*$ $#u!'n'u! .')$( +/#e )'u' )en,$n s/)$ (ue 7 n$.&'u! ($&+/n$.8- K$&en$ $# 'n' )'se+$+($n #$&u.$n y$n, !$!"u !en,en)$" $)$#$ A#7OH825 ($&en$ #$&u.$n 'n' !e!+e&'($n (/nsen.&$s' OH y$n, u(u" .'n,,' se+$,$' $('+$. )$&' ')&/#'s's- Se)$n,($n n$.&'u! ($&+/n$. !e&u"$($n seny$*$seny$*$ y$n, +e&s'$. (/&/s' )e,$n "e&s$!$$n &e($s':

@O427$C8 3 H2O

→

 H@O47$C8 3 OH

.

G.KESIMPULAN

1- Re$(s' #/,$! $#u!'n'u! )$#$! H@# ene& +e&%$#$n #$!+$. !e!e&#u($n "e!$n$s$nRe$(s' +e&%$#$n #$!+$. ($&en$ #/,$! $#u!'n'u! !e!'#(' #$"'s$n /(s')$ $#u!'n'u! y$n, +e&s'$. !e#'n)un,' #/,$!ny$- Se)$n, "$)$ &e$(s' "'.$ M, )en,$n H@#  +e&#$n,sun, )en,$n e"$. .$n"$ $)$ "e!$n$s$n2- #/,$! $#u!'n'u! #e+' !u)$ .e&#$&u. )$#$! #$&u.$n N$OH )'+$n)'n,($n )en,$n !$,nes'u!4- #$&u.$n H,@#2 )$"$. !e!+e&s'($n "e&!u($$n $#u!'n'u! /'#-

- $#u!'n'u! +e&s'$. $s$! )$&' "$)$ !$,nes'u!