LAPORAN FISIKA EKSPERIMEN 2
PENGUKURAN FLUKS RADIASI GELOMBANG ELEKTROMAGNETIK UNIT KOMPUTER
Disusun Oleh : Nama
: 1. ALFINA ALFINA ROSIDA ROSIDA
H1E013047
2. IMAM AMARULLAH
H1E01301
3. DINDA MEIDIAS!IH
H1E01302
Ha" Ha"i # $an%%a n%%all
: Ra&u Ra&u'' 13 A("il ("il 201) 201)
Asis*en
: Nenen% A+e Me,a"sa"i
KEMENTRIAN RISET, TEKNOLOGI, DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN FAKULT FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM JURUSAN FISIKA PURWOKERTO 2016
-ENU/URAN FLU/S RADIASI ELOMAN ELE/$ROMANE$I/ UNI$ /OM-U$ER Oleh Alina Rsi+a' Imam Ama"ullah' Din+a Mei+iasih
AS$RA/ E,s(e"imen -en%u,u"an lu,s "a+iasi %elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne*i, uni* ,m(u*e" &e"*uuan un*u, men%(e"asi,an se5a"a &ena" ala* u,u" lu,s "a+iasi me+an ele,*"ma%ne*i, aussme*e" 6A40' mela,u,an (eme*aan &e, (en%u,u"an se5a"a *e(a*' &ena"' +an ("se+u"al' mem&ua* (e*a ,n*u" +ua +an *i%a +imensi se"*a (e*a %"i+ 8e,*" +a"i (en%u,u"an lu,s "a+iasi %elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne*i, uni* ,m(u*e" +en%an &an*uan (a,e* ("%"am surfer for windows' +an menen*u,an a(a,ah uni* ,m(u*e" an% +iu,u" nilai lu,s "a+iasi %elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne*i,na mele&ihi a*au +i&a9ah &a*as am&an% &a,u aman an% *elah +i*e*a(,an leh I6NIR- +an EH-. -en%u,u"an lu,s "a+iasi ele,*"me%ne* +alam e,s(e"imen ini men%%una,an aussme*e" se+an%,an (e"ala*an an% +iu,u" lu,s "a+iasi ele,*"ma%ne*na a+alah 6-U +an mni*". -a+a e,s(e"imen ini +i+a(a*,an hasil &ah9a a"a, (en%u,u"an &e"(en%a"uh *e"ha+a( nilai me+an ele,*"ma%ne*. Sema,in auh a"a, +a"i sum&e" "a+iasi ma,a sema,in ,e5il lu,s me+an "a+iasi ele,*"ma%ne*i, an% +i*e"ima. e"+asa",an ("a,*i,um an% *elah +ila,u,an +i(e"leh nilai lu,s se&esa" 0'4 $ (a+a a"a, ,u"an% +a"i 00 5m. /a*a ,un5i : lu,s "a+iasi' %elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne*i,' aussme*e"
AS$RA6$ E;(e"imen* Measu"emen* 5m(u*e" uni* ele5*"ma%ne*i5 9a8e "a+ian* lu; aim * (e"a*e 5""e5*l ele5*"ma%ne*i5 iel+ "a+ian* lu; measu"in% ins*"umen* aussme*e" 6A40' 5n+u5*in% ma((in% measu"emen* &e, ("e5isel' 5""e5*ness' an+ ("se+u"al' ma,in% a ma( 5n*u" *9 an+ *h"ee +imensin an+ als ma( 8e,*" %"i+ measu"emen* 5m(u*e" uni* ele5*"ma%ne*i5 9a8e "a+ian* lu; 5ns*"u5*i8el ("%"am (a5,a%e surfer for windows' an+ +e*e"mine + measu"e+ *he 5m(u*e" uni* ele5*"ma%ne*i5 9a8e "a+ian* lu; 8alue e;5ee+in% " &el9#un+e" (ea5eul s*an+a"+ sill &un+a" 9hi5h ha8e &een s(e5iie+ & I6NIRan+ EH-. Measu"emen* "a+ian* lu; ele,*"me%ne* in *his e;(e"imen* use aussme*e" 9hile measu"e+ "a+ian* lu; e
PENDAHULUAN
1.1 La*a" ela,an% /ehi+u(an manusia *i+a, *e"le(as +a"i ene"%i lis*"i,' &ai, +i "umah *an%%a' (en%&a*an' sa"ana ,e"a' +an ,e%ia*an laina. /eha+i"an me+an lis*"i, +an me+an ma%ne* +ise,i*a" ,ehi+u(an manusia *i+a, +a(a* +i"asa,an in+"a manusia' ,e5uali i,a in*ensi*asna 5u,u( &esa" +an *e"asa (a+a "an% an% hi(e"sensi*i8e saa. Ra+iasi a+alah ("ses (e"(in+ahan (anas melalui %elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne* a*au (a,e*(a,e* ene"%i =(h*n> an% +a(a* me"am&a* sam(ai a"a, an% san%a* auh *an(a meme"lu,an in*e"a,si +en%an me+ium. Sum&e" "a+iasi +a(a* &e"u(a ala*ala* lis*"i, &e"ene"%i *in%%i' leh se&a& i*u sema,in &ana, "an% mema,ai lis*"i, un*u, mela,u,an
a,*ii*as
seha"iha"i'
ma,a
sema,in
&ana,
(an5a"an
"a+iasi
ele,*"ma%ne*i,. Ele,*"ma%ne*i, *e"+i"i a*as +ua ,m&inasi me+an lis*"i, +an me+an ma%ne* an% mem(unai ene"%i sama &esa"na. /e5e(a*an me"am&a* sama +en%an ,e5e(a*an 5ahaa. Salah sa*u sum&e" lis*"i, +ilin%,un%an masa"a,a* a+alah Salu"an U+a"a $e%an%an E,s*"a $in%%i =SU$E$> 00 , ?. Me+an lis*"i, +an me+an ma%ne* su+ah a+a sea, &umi ,i*a ini *e"&en*u,. A9an an% men%an+un% (*ensial ai"' *e"+a(a* me+an lis*"i, an% &esa"na an*a"a 3000 @ 30.000 ?#m. Demi,ian u%a &umi se5a"a alamiah &e"me+an lis*"i, =100 @ 00 ?#m> +an &e"me+an ma%ne* =0'004 @ 0'007 m$>. Di +alam "umah' +i *em(a* ,e"a' +i ,an*" a*au +i &en%,el *e"+a(a* me+an lis*"i, +an me+an ma%ne* &ua*an. Me+an lis*"i, +an me+an ma%ne* ini &iasana &e"asal +a"i ins*alasi +an (e"ala*an lis*"i,' an*a"a lain &e"asal +a"i : sis*em ins*alasi +alam "umah'
lema"i (en+in%in' A6' ,i(as an%in'
(m(a ai"' *ele8isi' mesin *i, ele,*"ni,' mesin (h*5(' ,m(u*e" +an ("in*e"' mesin las' ,m("es"' salu"an u+a"a *e%an%an "en+ah#menen%ah =SU$R#M> an% &e"+e,a*an' +an lainlain. -a+a sis*em ins*alasi an% &e"*e%an%an +an &e"a"us selalu *im&ul me+an lis*"i,. $e*a(i me+an lis*"i, ini su+ah melemah ,a"ena a"a,na 5u,u( auh +a"i sum&e". 1.2 $uuan 1 Men%(e"asi,an se5a"a &ena" ala* u,u" lu,s "a+iasi me+an ma%ne*i5 aussme*e" 6A40.
2
Mela,u,an (eme*aan =gridding) &e, (en%u,u"an se5a"a *e(a*'&ena"'+an
("5e+u"al. 3 Mem&ua* (e*a ,n*u" +ua +an *i%a +imensi se"*a (e*a %"i+ 8e5*" +a"i (en%u,u"an lu,s "a+iasi %elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne*i, "uan% =Salu"an u+a"a *e%an%an e,s*"a *in%%i> +an &e, uni* 5m(u*e" +en%an &an*uan ("%"am surfer for windows. 4 Menen*u,an a(a,ah nilai lu,s "a+iasi EM an% +iu,u" mele&ihi a*au masih +i&a9ah &a*as am&an% &a,u aman an% *elah +i*e*a(,an leh I6NIR- +an EH6.
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
A elm&an% elm&an% a+alah %e*a"an an% me"am&a* ai*u "am&a*an ene"%i +en%an *i+a, +ise"*ai (e"(in+ahan (a"*i,elna. en*u, i+eal +a"i sua*u %elm&an% a,an men%i,u*i %e"a, sinusi+al =Le8 A. Os*"8s, Ale;an+e" I. -*a(8' 2002>.
Gambar 21 elm&an% Sinusi+al
Benisenis elm&an% +a(a* +i&e+a,an &e"+asa",an a"ah "am&a*anna' me+ium (e"am&a*anna +an am(li*u+ sim(an%anna. e"+asa",an a"ah "am&a*anna a+a +ua ma5am %elm&an%' ai*u : 1
elm&an% *"ans8e"sal ai*u %elm&an% an% a"ah "am&a*anna *e%a, lu"us
*e"ha+a( sim(an%anna 2. elm&an% ln%i*u+inal ai*u %elm&an% an% a"ah "am&a*anna seaa" +en%an sim(an%anna. =Halli+a Resni5,' 1CC1>
e"+asa",an me+ium (e"am&a*anna : 1. elm&an% me,ani, ai*u %elm&an% an% meme"lu,an me+ium (e"am&a*an 2. elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne*i, ai*u %elm&an% *an(a meme"lu,an me+ium (e"am&a*an.Hu&un%an +a"i se*ia( &esa"an &esa"an (a+a %elm&an%' ,e5e(a*an (e"am&a*an %elm&an% a+alah sa*u (anan% %elm&an% +i&a%i (e"i+e.
elm&an% Ele,*"ma%ne*i, elm&an%
ele,*"ma%ne*i,
a+alah
%elm&an%
an%
+i
+alam
(e"am&a*anna *i+a, meme"lu,an me+ium (e"an*a"a. 6n*hna sina" %amma =>' sina" ' sina" ul*"a 8ile*' 5ahaa *am(a,' in"ame"ah' %elm&an% "a+a"' %elm&an% $?' %elm&an% "a+i. elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne*i, a+alah %elm&an% an% *i+a, meme"lu,an me+ium un*u, me"am&a* =Rin' 2011>. e&e"a(a sia*sia* %elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne*i, a+alah se&a%ai &e"i,u*:
1 2
elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne*i, +a(a* me"am&a* +alam "uan% *an(a me+ium. -e"u&ahan me+an lis*"i, +an me+an ma%ne*i, *e"a+i (a+a saa* an% &e"samaan' sehin%%a ,e+ua me+an memili,i ha"%a ma,simum +an minimum
(a+a saa* an% sama +an (a+a *em(a* an% sama. 3 A"ah me+an lis*"i, +an me+an ma%ne*i, salin% *e%a, lu"us +an ,e+uana 4
*e%a, lu"us *e"ha+a( a"ah "am&a* %elm&an% =*"ans8e"sal>. elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne*i, men%alami (e"is*i9a (eman*ulan' (em&iasan'
+an +i"a,si. 6e(a* "am&a* %elm&an% hana &e"%an*un% (a+a sia*sia* lis*"i, +an ma%ne*i, me+ium an% +i*em(uhna.
6 Ra+iasi elm&an% Ele,e*"ma%ne*i, e&e"a(a enis ins*"umen analisis men%%una,an "a+iasi ele,*"ma%ne*i, +alam (en%(e"asianna.
6n*h: -a+a analisis +en%an U?#?isi&le s(e5*"(h*me*e"' ,nsen*"asi sua*u ,m(nen +alam sam(el +i*unu,,an +en%an &ana, se+i,i*na "a+iasi ele,*"ma%ne*i, an% +ise"a( leh mle,ul a* i*u. Demi,ian (ula un*u, IR =in"a"e+
s(e5*"(h*me*e">
+an
u%a
AAS
=a*mi5
a&s"(*in
s(e5*"(h*me*e">. -a+a AAS' "a+iasi ele,*"ma%ne*i, +ise"a( leh a*ma*m a* an% +ianalisis. Ene"%i ele,*"ma%ne*i, mem(unai sia* %an+a ai*u: 1. Se&a%ai %elm&an% 2. Se&a%ai "an%,aian (a,e* ene"%i an% +ise&u* *n. /nse( *n (en*in% un*u, (em&ahasan in*e"a,si an*a"a "a+iasi +an &ahan. Ra+iasi ele,*"ma%ne*i, +a(a* +ielas,an +en%an &e&e"a(a sia*: F"e,uensi • -anan% %elm&an% • /e5e(a*an • Sia* is*ime9a "a+iasi ele,*"ma%ne*i, : ,e5e(a*anna =5> ,ns*an =+alam "uan% ham(a> 2'CC7C2 =10G > m#+e*i, a*au 53.=1010 > 5m#se5.. 5 +ise&u* ,e5e(a*an 5ahaa ,a"ena 5ahaa me"u(a,an sa*u &en*u, "a+iasi ele,*"ma%ne*i,. /e5e(a*an
5ahaa +alam sua*u me+ium le&ih ,e5il +a"i nilai ini. Flu,s ma%ne*i, Flu,s ma%ne*i, +i(e"leh +en%an mela,u,an in*e%"asi +a"i ("+u, s,ala" an*a"a 8e,*" me+an ma%ne*i, +en%an 8e,*" elemen luas.
Gambar 22 Electromagnetic Spectrum
International Commisions on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection =I6NIR-> (a+a *ahun 1CC4 *elah mensa"a*,an a+ana &a*as am&an% aman (a(a"an "a+iasi EM +a"i uni* 5m(u*e" an% ,emu+ian +i"e8isi leh Enviromental Healt Commisions =EH6> (a+a *ahun 200). Sa"a* &a*as am&an% *e"se&u* *e"5an*um +alam $a&el 2.1. Semen*a"a' un*u, (e"ala*an ele,*"ni, an% *e"(asan% *un%%al = stand alone> nilai &a*as am&an% (a(a"anna +isai,an +alam $a&el 2.2.
Sum&e" -a(a"an Ra+iasi EM Me+an EM alami 6a*u +aa lis*"i, =+i +alam "umah *i+a, &e"+e,a*an +en%an su*e*> 6a*u +aa lis*"i, =+i &a9ah su*e*> Laa" $? +an mni*" Ruan%an#La& /m(u*e"
-a(a"an Ma,simum ,husus lin%,un%an (u&li, Me+an Lis*"i, Ra(a* Flu,s Ma%ne*i, =$> =?#m> 200 70 =Me+an ma%ne* umi> 100
0.2
10000
20
10
0.7 100
Tab!" 21. -a(a"an ma,simum ,husus un*u, lin%,un%an (u&li, +a"i sum&e" "a+iasi EM
-e"ala*an Ele,*"ni, Uni* /m(u*e"
J 3 5m =$> 0.30
J 30 5m =$> K 0.01
J 1 m =$>
$? e"9a"na Ra+i Se*"i,a -en%e"in% Ram&u*
2.0 1)) G30 )2000
0.042 1 0.120.3 0.017
0.010.1 K0.01 0.010.03 0.010.03
Tab!" 22 Flu,s me+an "a+iasi (a+a (e"ala*an ele,*"ni, *un%%al =s*an+ alne>
BAB III METODOLOGI
3.1 a,*u +an $em(a* -"a,*i,um ini +ila,sana,an (a+a ha"i Ra&u *an%%al 13 A("il 201) +i La&"a*"ium E,e(e"imen +an Ma*e"ial Bu"usan Fisi,a MI-A UNSOED (a+a (u,ul 0G.00 @ 10.00 I.
3.2 Ala* +an &ahan -e"ala*an an% +i&u*uh,an +alam e,s(e"imen ini a+alah: 1. aussme*e" 2. Sum&e" "a+iasi ele,*"ma%ne* ,m(u*e" =6-U +an mni*"> 3. Me*e"an 4. Mis*a" l%am . S*9a"e Su"e" ?G ). Ala* $ulis
3.3 6a"a ,e"a 1. Menia(,an sa*u se* (e"ala*an ("a,*i,um meli(u*i ala* +an &ahan. 2. Menen*u,an *i*i, l,asi (en%am&ilan nilai lu,s "a+iasi EM =sesuai a"ahan asis*en>.
3. Men%u,u" nilai lu,s "a+iasi EM +a"i a"ah +e(an *i*i, l,asi an% *elah *e"(ilih +a"i a"ah +e(an mulai +a"i a"a, 0 5m sam(ai +en%an 00 5m =+en%an ,enai,an a"a, masin%masin% 0 5m> 4. Men5a*a* hasil nilai lu,s "a+iasi EM an% *e"+a(a* (a+a %aussme*e". . Men%ulan%i lan%,ah *e"se&u* un*u, a"ah &ela,an% ' ,anan' +an ,i"i.
3.4 Dia%"am Ali"
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
-a+a +asa"na se*ia( ala* ele,*"ni, semuana meman5a",an %elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne*i,. A"us lis*"i, an% men%ali" +alam (i"an*i ha"+9a"e ala* ele,*"ni,'
*e"ua*ama 5a*u +aa' me"u(a,an ali"an mua*anmua*an s*a*is an% &e"%e"a, se5a"a se"en*a, +an sea"ah. Ali"an mua*an s*a*is an% ,n*inu +an 5u,u( &esa" a,an men%hasil,an se&uah me+an %a&un%an ai*u me+an ele,*"ma%ne*i, an% menala". elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne*i, me"u(a,an se&uah me+an %aa an% *e"+i"i a*as me+an lis*"i, =E> +an an% &e"islasi +en%an 8e,*" me+an ma%ne* => an% me"am&a* melalui "uan% +an mem&a9a ene"% +a"i sa*u *em(a* ,e *em(a* an% lain. Di*inau +a"i sia* %e"a,na' %elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne*i, *e"masu, %elm&an% *"ans8e"sal' ai*u %elm&an% an% a"ah "am&a*na *e%a, lu"us +en%an a"ah %e*a" (a"*i,el(a"*i,el me+iumna. Da"i ("a,*i,um (en%u,u"an lu,s "a+iasi %elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne*i, uni* ,m(u*e"' +i+a(a*,an hasil : Nilai Flu,s Ra+iasi elm&an% Ele,*"ma%ne*i, a"+u De(an /anan /i"i ela,an% Ba"a, Flu,s Ba"a, Flu,s Ba"a, Flu,s Ba"a, Flu,s =5m> =$> =5m> =$> =5m> =$> =5m> =$> 0 )G0 0 3)0'4 0 44'2 0 112'G 300 4'4 4 4G 10 C0 10 2'2 10 2'G 10 C 1 20 1 1 1 0'G 1 2') 20 0') 20 0'G 20 0') 20 0') 2 0') 2 0'4 2 0'4 2 0') 30 0') 30 0'4 30 0'2 30 0') 3 0') 3 0'2 3 0'2 3 0') 40 0') 40 0'2 40 0'2 40 0') 4 0'4 4 0'2 4 0'2 4 0'4 0 0'4 0 0'2 0 0'2 0 0'4 Tab!" #1 Da*a -en%ama*an
Hasil +a*a (en%ama*an' selanu*na +ilah men%%una,an s*9a"e su"e" 10 +an +i+a(a*,an (e*a ,n*u" se&a%ai &e"i,u* :
Gambar #1 -e*a /n*u" $i%a Dimensi
Gambar #2 -e*a /n*u" Dua Dimensi
Da"i hasil an% +i(e"leh ma,a +a(a* +i,e*ahui &ah9a a"a, &e"(en%a"uh *e"ha+a( nilai lu,s "a+iasi me+an ele,*"ma%ne*i,. Me+an ma%ne* an% +i(an5a",an ini sema,in menu"un +en%an &e"*am&ahna a"a, an*a" %aussme*e" 6A40 +an %a"+u. Hal ini +a(a* +iliha* +a"i +a*a hasil (en%ama*an. Sema,in auh a"a, %aussme*e" *e"ha+a( mni*" ma,a nilai lu,s "a+iasi me+an ele,*"ma%ne*i,na sema,in ,e5il. Hal ini u%a &e"la,u un*u, nilai lu,s "a+iasi me+an ele,*"ma%ne* (a+a ala* ele,*"ni, lainna an% +a(a* +iali"i a"us lis*",. Hasil ini sesuai +en%an hu,um i"* Sa8a"* &ah9a (an5a"an me+an ma%ne* an% +i*e"ima sua*u &en+a a,an &e",u"an% se&an+in% +en%an (e"u&ahan a"a, sum&e" "a+iasi. B
μ0 I =
2 πr
-e*a ,n*u" 2D +an3D un*u, mni*" +an 6-U +i&ua* +en%an men%in(u* +a*a *i*i, in*e"8al +an &esa"na lu,s "a+iasi EM an% *elah +iu,u" +en%an aussme*e". Da"i (e*a ,n*u" *e"liha* &ah9a nilai lu,s "a+iasi *e"&esa" *e"+a(a* +i (usa* sum&e" "a+iasi' selanu*na a,an sema,in &e",u"an% un*u, a"a, an% sema,in auh +a"i sum&e". Hal lain an% 5u,u( +i(e"ha*i,an &e"+asa",an hasil e,s(e"imen*al a+alah "a+iasi *e"&esa" &e"a+a +i *i*i, sum&e" +a"i a"ah +e(an. Bi,a +i&an+in%,an +en%an ,"+ina* =0'0> +a"i a"ah selain +e(an' nilaina auh le&ih ,e5il +i&an+in%,an +a*a (en%ama*an +a"i a"ah +e(an%a"+u. /emu+ian +a"i +a*a an% +iam&il (a+a em(a* &a%ian %a"+u' +a(a* +i&ua* %"ai, hu&un%an an*a"a me+an ma%ne* +en%an a"a,.
Fluks (μT)
Fluks (μT)
800
400
600
300
400
200
200
100
0
0 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Fluks (μT)
Fluks (μT)
50
150
40 100
30 20
50
10 0
0 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
BAB V PENUTUP
.1 /esim(ulan Da"i ("a,*i,um an% *elah +ila,u,an' +a(a* +isim(ul,an &ah9a +ae"ah +ise,elilin% %a"+u *e"+a(a* lu,s "a+iasi %elm&an% ele,*"ma%ne*i, an% &esa" nilaina men%um(ul (a+a &a%ian (usa* =0'0>. esa" lu,s "a+iasi +ise,i*a" %a"+u masih +alam *in%,a*an +i&a9ah International Commisions on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection =I6NIR-> +an Enviromental Healt Commisions =EH6> an% menaa*a,an &ah9a &esa" nilai 5a*u +aa lis*"i, =+i +alam "umah *i+a, &e"+e,a*an +en%an su*e*> ha"us memili,i "a(a* lu,s ma%ne*i, se&esa" 0.2 $. -a+a a"a, le&ih +a"i 00 5m nilai "a(a* lu,s ma%ne*i, a,aan +i &a9ah 0.2 $. DAF$AR -US$A/A
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