LAPORAN AKHIR PROSES PRODUKSI I PENGELASAN( WELDING)
Disusun Oleh : Nama :D.ERIANTO SIMANJUNTAK SIMANJUNTAK NIM :12!11"#$2
PROGRAM STUDI S1 TEKNIK MESIN %AKULT %AKULTAS AS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS RIAU 21"
KATA PENGANTAR Se&ala 'ui s )u*u+ 'enulis 'ana,*an *e'a-a Tuhan an& an& Maha Esa/ *a+ena a,as *asih -an *a+unia0N)a 'enulis -a'a, men)usun La'+an A*hi+ P+a*,i*um Pengelasan P+a*,i*um Pengelasan ini. ini. La'+an ini -iha+a'*an -a'a, -i'e+&una*an a&i 'a+a 'ema3a un,u* memahami -an mem'elaa+i mem'elaa+i 'en&e+aan 'en&e+aan Pen&elasan Pen&elasan -an -a'a, meme+i*an &ama+an ,en,an&
seu seuah ah ilmu ilmu )an& )an& mem memaha ahass 'en& 'en&el elas asan an se+, se+,aa memu memu-a -ah* h*an an *i,a *i,a -ala -alam m -an Ase,eline. mela*u*an '+a,i*um 'en&elasan ini -en&an Mesin Las Lis,+i* SMA4 -an Penulis u&a men&u3a'*an ,e+ima*asih *e'a-a Dosen pengampu Bapak Yohanes,ST,.MT dan Ke'a-a dan Ke'a-a Pa+a Ass!en Pa+a Ass!en -an -an Tekns La+a,+ium Te*nl&i Te*nl&i P+-u*si P+-u*si se+,a *e'a-a 'iha*0'iha* )an& )an& meman,u 'en)usun -alam men)elesai*an la'+an ini. Penulis men)a-a+i ah5a La'+an ini ,i-a* lu'u, -a+i *e*u+an&an -an masih auh
-a+i sem'u+na. Un,u* i,u 'enulis men&ha+a'*an *+i,i* -an sa+an )an& meman&un -a+i 'ema3a un,u* *esem'u+naan la'+an la'+an ini *e-e'ann)a. Sem&a la'+an ini -a'a,
meme+i*an man6aa, a&i 'ema3a -an semua 'iha* )an& ,e+lia, -alam 'enulisan P+a*,i*um Pengelasan ini. A*hi+ *a,a 'en)usun men&u3a'*an la'+an a*hi+ P+a*,i*um Pengelasan ,e+ima*asih.
Pe*ana+u/ 27 N8eme+ 21"
Penulis
Daftar isi LAPORAN AK9IR...........................................................................................................1 .......................................................................................................2 KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................................2 A I...............................................................................................................................1 PENDA9ULUAN...........................................................................................................1 1.1.
La,a+ ela*an&... ela*an&........... ............... .............. ............... ............... .............. .............. ............... ............... .............. ................................1 .........................1
1.2.
Tuuan.. Tuuan......... .............. ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... .............. .............. ................................1 .........................1
1.".
Man6aa,..... Man6aa,............. ............... .............. .............. ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... .............. ............... ..................................11 ..........................11
1.$.
Sis,ema,i*a Sis,ema,i*a Penulisan Penulisan La'+an..... La'+an............ ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... .............. ............... .....................11 .............11
A II.............................................................................................................................12 TEORI DASAR...............................................................................................................12 2.1
Pen&e+,ian Pen&e+,ian Las........... Las................... ............... .............. ............... ............... .............. .............. ............... ............... .............. ........................12 .................12
2.2
Klasi6i*asi ;a+a0;a+a Pen&elasan........................ .................................. ............... 12
2."
Jenis0Jenis Pen&elasan............................ .................................. ........................ ...1" ... 1"
2.$
Ele*,+ Ele*,+-a -a Las.... Las........ ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ .......... ........... ........... ........... ........"" ...""
2.<
P+seP+se-u+ u+ -an Pe+sia Pe+sia'an 'an Pen&el Pen&elasa asan... n....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ .......... ........"= .."=
2.#
Psisi Psisi Pen&el Pen&elasa asan.. n...... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ .......... ........... ........... ..........$ ....$
2.!
Jenis Jenis >Jenis >Jenis Samun&a Samun&an n Las.... Las....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ......... ............ ............ ............ ...........$1 .....$1
2.=
Kam'uh Kam'uh Las.... Las........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ........ ........... ............ ..........$" ....$"
2.7
;a+a ;a+a Men)ala* Men)ala*an an Las Lis,+i*... Lis,+i*....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ .......... ........... ........... ........... .......$< ..$<
2.1
A)unan A)unan Ele*,+-a.. Ele*,+-a.......... ............... .............. ............... ............... .............. .............. ............... ............... .............. ................ ......................$# .............$#
2.11
Pe+ala,an Pe+ala,an Keselama,an Keselama,an Dalam Pen&elasan.. Pen&elasan.......... ............... .............. .............. ...................................$! ............................$!
2.12
;a3a, Las........... Las................... ............... .............. ............... ............... .............. .............. ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ..................$7 ...........$7
2.1"
L&am....... L&am.............. .............. ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... .............. .............. ............... ............... ........................ ...........................< ..........<
2.1$
Panas ? 9ea, In'u,....... In'u,............... ............... .............. ............... ............... .............. .............. ............... ......................................<1 ..............................<1
2.1<
Pe+hi,un&an Pe+hi,un&an Ke*ua,an Ke*ua,an Samun&an Samun&an Las............. Las.................... .............. .............. ............... ..............................<1 ......................<1
A III............................................................................................................................<" ALAT DAN A9AN.......................................................................................................<" ".1
Ala,.......... Ala,................. .............. ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... .............. .............. ............... ............... ..............<" .......<"
".2 ahan.........................................................................................................................<7 A I@............................................................................................................................#1 PEMA9ASAN..............................................................................................................#1 ANALISA .......................................................................................................................#1
PROSEDUR KERJA.......................................................................................................#$ A @.............................................................................................................................! PENUTUP.......................................................................................................................! KESIMPULAN................................................................................................................! SARAN............................................................................................................................!
DAFTAR DAFTAR GAMBAR GA MBAR Gambar 1 . Ele*,+-a Ka+n (aTun&&al ( &an-a.........................................................# Gambar 2 P+ses Las SMA4...........................................................................................! Gambar 'en&a+uh a+us ,e+ha-a' 'en&elasan..................................................................! Gambar ! a&ian Las SMA4...........................................................................................= Gambar " Mesin Las Lis,+i*............................................................................................= Gambar # Kael Las Lis,+i*..............................................................................................7
...... .7 Gambar $ Se,an& Las............................. .................................. ................................. .......7 Gambar % Klem Massa.....................................................................................................7 Gambar & D;SP.............................................................................................................1 Gambar 1' D;RP...........................................................................................................11 Gambar 11 A;................................................................................................................11 Gambar 12 Ran&*aian TIG.............................................................................................12 Gambar 1 Mesin TIG....................................................................................................1" Gambar 1! Taun& Gas Pelin-un&.................................................................................1$ Gambar 1" Re&ula,+ Gas Pelin-un&..............................................................................1$ Gambar 1# %l5me,e+....................................................................................................1< Gambar 1$ Selan& &as....................................................................................................1< Gambar 1% T+3h............................................................................................................1# Gambar 1& Dia&+am MIG...............................................................................................1= Gambar 2' MIG..............................................................................................................17 Gambar 21 Mesin Las MiG............................................................................................17 Gambar 22 T+3h............................................................................................................2 Gambar 2 Taun& Gas Mulia........................................................................................2 Gambar 2! Ka5a, Las MIG............................................................................................21 Gambar 2" Pen&e+aan Las Ase,ilen...............................................................................21
Gama+ 2# Taun& A3e,)lene..........................................................................................22 Gama+ 2! Taun& O*si&en.............................................................................................22 Gama+ 2= Selan& (9se................................................................................................2$ Gama+ 27 Se,an& Las (T+3h................................ (T+3h................................ .................................. ...................... 2$ Gama+ " N)ala Ka+u+asi.............................................................................................2< Gama+ "1 n)ala O*si-asi...............................................................................................2<
Gama+ "2 N)ala Ne,+al..................................................................................................2# Gama+ "" Ele*,+-a Las.................................................................................................2! Gama+ "$ Pen&*-ean Ele*,+-a menu+u, A4S............................................................27 Gambar " Klasi6i*asi Ele*,+-a...................................................................................." Gambar # Tael Ele*,+-a (lanu,an............................................................................"1 Gambar $Psisi Dia5ah Tan&an................................................................................."$ Gambar % Psisi Seaa+ Tan&an..................................................................................."< Gambar & Psisi O8e+hea-............................................................................................"<
Gama+ $ Samun&an Temu.........................................................................................."# Gama+ $1 Samun&an Sisi............................................................................................."# Gambar !2 Samun&an Tum'an&..................................................................................."! Gambar ! Samun&an Su-u,........................................................................................"! Gambar !! Samun&an T..............................................................................................."= Gambar !" Kam'uh @...................................................................................................."=
............ ........ .."= "= Gambar !# Kam'uh B @......................................... .................................. .................. Gambar !$ Kam'uh C...................................................................................................."= Gambar !% Kam'uh K...................................................................................................."7 Gambar !& Kam'uh Dule U......................................................................................."7 Gambar "' Kam'uh I....................................................................................................."7 Gambar "1 Pen&a)unan Ele*,+-a..................................................................................$ Gambar "2 Pen)en,uhan Ele*,+-a.................................................................................$ Gambar " Alu+ S'i+al....................................................................................................$1 Gambar "! Alu+ i&0a&.................................................................................................$1 Gambar "" Alu+ Melin&*a+.............................................................................................$1 Gambar "# Alu+ Se&i,i&a................................................................................................$1 Gambar "$ Alu+ T+a'esium.............................................................................................$2 Gambar "% T'en& Las...................................................................................................$2 Gambar "& A'+n...........................................................................................................$2 Gambar #' Sa+un& Tan&an Las.......................................................................................$" Gambar #1 Se'a,u Sa6e,)...............................................................................................$" Gambar #2 Ka3ama,a Las...............................................................................................$" Gambar # P+si,)........................................................................................................$$ Gambar #! Sla& In3lusin...............................................................................................$$ Gambar #" In3m'le,e %usin........................................................................................$$
Gama+ ## In3m'le,e Pene,+a,in..................................................................................$< Gambar #$ Dasa+ ,an-a 'en&elasan................................................................................$! Gambar #% Dasa+ siml las...........................................................................................$= Gambar #& Mesin Las Lis,+i*.........................................................................................$7 Gambar $' Pene'i, Ele*,+-a........................................................................................$7 Gambar $1 Kael Las Lis,+i*..........................................................................................$7 Gambar $2 Klem Massa.................................................................................................< Gambar $ Palu Te+a*....................................................................................................< Gambar $! Mea Las......................................................................................................< Gambar $" Pen&&+es.....................................................................................................< Gambar $# Taun& a3e,)lene..........................................................................................<1 Gambar $$ Taun& O*si&en...........................................................................................<1 Gambar $% T+3h............................................................................................................<1 Gambar $& Re&ula,+......................................................................................................<2 Gambar %' Pema,i* A'i..................................................................................................<2 Gambar %1 Mea Ke+a...................................................................................................<2 Gambar %2 SI*a, KA5a,.................................................................................................<2 Gambar % Palu Te+a*....................................................................................................<" Gambar %! Kun3i Pas.....................................................................................................<" Gambar %" Kain La'......................................................................................................<" Gambar %# T'en& Las...................................................................................................<$ Gambar %$ Mas*e+.........................................................................................................<$ Gambar %% Sa+un& Tan&an..............................................................................................<$ Gambar %& A'+n...........................................................................................................<$ Gambar &' en-a *e+a..................................................................................................<< Gambar &1 Ele*,+-a R 2# E#1"................................................................................<< Gambar &2 -imensi 'ela, aa.........................................................................................<# Gambar & Ka5a, Las....................................................................................................<# Gambar &! (a *i+i 'ene'i, ele*,-a -an ( *anan *lem massa............... massa........ ............. ............ ............ ......<7 <7 Gambar &" &+es mena-i < a&ian.................................................................................#
Gama+ 7# S'esimen Las SMA4....................................................................................# Gambar &$ &+es mena-i 1 a&ian...............................................................................#1 Gambar &% s'esimen OA4............................................................................................#2 Gambar && 9asil Ke+a...................................................................................................#<
DAFTAR TABEL Tab() 1 Pen&*-ean Ele*,+-a Di&i, Te+a*hi+ A4S........................................................"2
DAFTAR NOTASI
simb*( I + E t H L
KETERANGAN KUAT ARUS KE,EPATAN TEGANGAN AKTU HEAT INPUT PANANG
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
SATUAN AMPERE m-s +*(t s)/*0 -MENIT m)t)r
1.1. 1.1. Latar Latar B)(a/ B)(a/a0 a0
Pen&elasan me+u'a*an 'en&e+aan )an& ama, san&a, 'en,in& -alam ,e*nl&i
'+-u*si
-en&an
ahan
a*u
l&am. am.
Da+i
'e+,a +,ama
'e+*eman&ann)a )an& san&a, 'esa, ,elah an)a* ,e*nl&i a+u )an& -i,emu -i,emu*an *an.. Saa, Saa, se*a+an se*a+an& & ini ,elah ,elah -i'e+& -i'e+&una una*an *an leih leih -a+i -a+i $ enis enis 'en&elasan ,e+masu* ,e+ masu* 'en&elasan )an& -ila*sana*an -en&an 3a+a mene*an -ua l&am )an& -isamun& sehin&&a ,e+a-i i*a,an -en&an a,m0 a,m mele*ul -a+i l&am )an& -isamun&*an. -isa mun&*an. Pen&ela elasan san
me+u e+u'a*an
'e*e e*e+a +aan
-asa+
-alam
,e*ni*
'en)amun&an l&am/ sehin&&a a*an a *an san&a, se+in& -ium'ai -alam -unia in-us,+imau in-us,+imau'un 'un *ehi-u'an *ehi-u'an seha+i0ha+i/ leh sea i,u -iha+a'*an -iha+a'*an 'a-a mas)a+a* mas)a+a*a, a, mau'un mau'un mahasi mahasis5a s5a ,e+u,am ,e+u,amaa Mahasis Mahasis5a 5a Ju+usa Ju+usan n Te*ni* e*ni* Mesin Mesin a&a+ a&a+ -a'a, -a'a, mem'el mem'elaa+ aa+ii -an men&ua men&uasai sai ,e*ni* ,e*ni* 'en&el 'en&elasan asan ini sea&ai e*al saa, e*e+a -i -unia in-us,+i. 1.2. 1.2. T343a0 43a0
Tuuan -a+i P+a*,i*um Pen&elasan ini a-alah sea&ai e+i*u, : 1. Da'a, Da'a, men&e,ah men&e,ahui ui -an men&e men&e+,i +,i ,en,an ,en,an& & 'en&elas 'en&elasan an 2. Da'a Da'a,, men& men&' 'e+ e+asi asi*a *an n a,au a,au men& men&&u &una na*a *an n Las Las Lis,+ Lis,+i* i* (SMA (SMA4 4 -an Las Lis,+i* OF)0 A3e,)lene ". Da'a, Men&e,ahui Men&e,ahui Jenis0Jenis Jenis0Jenis -an siml0sim siml0siml l 'en&elas 'en&elasan. an. $. Da'a, men&e,ahui men&e,ahui 'e+len&*a'a 'e+len&*a'an n *eselama,a *eselama,an n *e+a *e+a 'en&elasa 'en&elasan n
1.. 1.. Ma0f Ma0faa aatt
Man6aa, -a+i '+a*,i*um 'en&elasan ini )ai,u a&a+ *i,a isa mem'elaa+i -an memahami 'en&e+,ian/ enis0enis/ ,e*ni* se+,a semua hal )an& e+*ai,an -en&an 'en&elasan/ sehin&&a *i,a -a'a, mem'+a*,e**an
-an men&a'li*asi*ann)a -alam *ehi-u'an seha+i0 ha+i -an 'as,in)a a*an san&a, e+&una -i -unia *e+a 1.!. Sist)mati/a P)03(isa0 La5*ra0
A-a'un sis,ema,i*a 'enulisan La'+an P+a*,i*um Pen&elasan ini a-alah sea&ai e+i*u, : BAB I 6 PENDAHU PENDAHULUA LUAN N
e+isi men&enai La,a+ ela*an&/ Tuuan/ Man6aa, -an Sis,ema,i*a Penulisan. BAB II
6 TEORI DASAR
e+isi ,en,an& 'en&e+,ian 'en&elasan/ *lasi6i*asi 'en&elasan sam'ai -en&an 'e+ala,an *eselama,an *e+a -alam 'en&elasan. BAB III
6 ALAT DAN BAHAN
e+isi Ala, -an ahan )an& -i&una*an saa, P+a*,i*um. BAB IV
6 PROSEDUR KERA
e+isi P+se-u+ Umum -an P+se-u+ en-a Ke+a. BAB V
6 PEMBAHASAN
e+isi Pe+hi,un&an -an Analisa BAB VI
6 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
e+isi Kesim'ulan -an Sa+an -a+i '+a*,i*um mesin uu,. DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN
BAB II TEORI DASAR
2.1
P)0)rtia0 Las
Las a-alah i*a,an me,alu+&i 'a-a samun&an l&am a,au l&am
'a-uan )an& -ila*sana*n -alam *ea-aan ,u+ne+ ,u+ne+ a,au 3ai+. Se-an&*an 'en&elasan a-alah '+ses men)amun& l&am )an& )an& seenis a,au ham'e+ (welding) a-alah seenis -en&an an,uan 'anas. Se-an&*an pengelasan (welding)
salah sa,u ,e*ni* 'en)amun&an l&am -en&an 3a+a men3ai+*an sea&ian l&am in-u* -an l&am 'en&isi -en&an a,au ,an'a ,e*anan -an -en&an a,au ,an'a l&am 'enamah -an men&hasil*an samun&an )an& *n,iniu. Lin&*u' 'en&&unaan ,e*ni* 'en&elasan -alam *ns,+u*si san&a, luas/ meli'u,i 'e+*a'alan/ ema,an/ +an&*a aa/ eana ,e*an/ 'i'a 'esa,/ 'i'a salu+an -an sea&ain)a. Disam'in& un,u* un,u* 'emua,an/ '+ses las -a'a, u&a -i'e+&una*an un,u* +e'a+asi misaln)a misaln )a un,u* men&isi luan&0 luan& 'a-a 3+an/ memua, la'isan las 'a-a 'e+*a*as/ mem'e+,eal a&ian0a&ian )an& su-ah aus/ -an ma3am0ma3am +e'a+asi lainn)a. Pen&elasan u*an ,uuan u,ama -a+i *ns,+u*si/ ,e,a'i han)a me+u'a*an sa+ana un,u* men3a'ai e*nmi 'emua,an )an& leih ai*. 2.2
K(asifi/asi ,ara7,ara P)0)(asa0
Te+-a'a, ee+a'a *lasi6i*asi 3a+a 'en&elasan e+-asa+*an 3a+a *e+a/ -ian,a+an)a a-alah sea&ai e+i*u, : a. P)0)(asa0 ,air Pen&el Pen&elasan asan 3ai+ 3ai+ a-alah a-alah 'en&el 'en&elasan asan -imana -imana samun samun&an &an -i'ana -i'anas*a s*an n sam'aimen3ai+ sam'aimen3ai+ -en&an sume+ 'anas -a+i usu+ lis,+i* lis,+i* a,au semu+an a'i &as )an& ,e+a*a+.
. P)0)(asa0 T)/a0
Pen&elasan ,e*an a-alah 3a+a 'en&elasan -imana *e-ua l&am )an& a*an -isamun& -i'anas*an ,e+leih -ahulu *emu-ian -i,e*an hin&&a men)a,u. 3. P)matria0 Pema,+ian a-alah 3a+a 'en&elasan -imana samun&an -isa,u*an -an -ii*a, men&&una*an 'a-uan l&am )an& mem'un)ai ,i,i* 3ai+ leih +en-ah -ian-in& l&am )an& a*an -isamun&.
2.
)0is7)0is P)0)(asa0
2..1
Las Listri/ ;a+a men&elas )an& se+in& -i&una*an -alam '+a*,i*um -an ,e+masu* *lasi6i*asi las usu+ lis,+i* a-alah : Las ele*,+-a Te+un&*us/ Las usu+ -en&an 'e+lin-un&an &as -an Las usu+ -en&an 'e+lin-un&an u*an Gas. Las usu+ Lis,+i* ,e+masu* sua,u '+ses 'en)amun&an l&am -en&an men&&una*an ,ena&a lis,+i* sea&ai sume+ 'anas. Ja-i/ sume+ 'anas 'a- alas -i,imul*an leh usu+ a'i a+us lis,+i* an,a+a ele*,+-a las -an en-a Ke+a. Las lis,+i* a-alah salah sa,u 3a+a men)amun& l&am -en&an alan men&&una*an n)ala usu+ lis,+i* )an& -i a+ah*an *e 'e+mu*aan l&am )an& a*an -isamun&. Pa-a a&ian )an& ,e+*ena usu+ lis,+i* ,e+seu, a*an men3ai+/ -emi*ian u&a ele*,+-a )an& men&hasil*an usu+ lis,+i* a*an men3ai+ 'a-a uun&n)a -an me+ama, ,e+us sam'ai hais. L&am 3ai+ -a+i ele*,+-a -an -a+i sea&ian en-a )an& a*an -isamun& ,e+3am'u+ -an men&isi 3elah -a+i *e-ua l&am )an& a*an -isamun&/ *emu-ian meme*u -an ,e+samun&lah *e-ua l&am ,e+seu,.
Pen&&ln&an ma3am '+ses las lis,+i* an,a+a lain/ )ai,u :
a. Las ls!"k dengan elek!"oda ka"#on/ ka"#on/ misaln)a : 0
Las Las lis, lis,+i +i* * ele ele*, *,+ +-a -a *a+ *a+n n ,un& ,un&&a &al. l.
7
Las lis,+i* ele*,+-a *a+n &an-a
Gambar 1 . Ele*,+-a Ka+n (aTun&&al ( &an-a
#. Las ls!" ls!"k k elek! elek!"o "oda da logam logam,, !e"d !e"d" " da" da" $
2..2
0
Las lis,+i lis,+i* * -en& -en&an an ele*,+ ele*,+-aa e+s e+sela' ela'u, u, (SMA4 (SMA4
0
TIG
0
GMA4
SMA 8S9)(:): M)ta( Ar) )(:i0; Las SMA4 %shelded me!al a"& 'eldng), a,au las usu+ ele*,+-a ,e+un&*us se+in& -iseu, -en&an nama l as lis,+i*. Las SMA4 me+u'a*an me+u'a*an '+ses 'en)amun&an -ua uah *e'in& l&am )an& seenis seenis a,au leih -en&an men&una*an men&una*an sume+ 'anas -a+i -a+i lis,+i* -en&an men&&una*an ele*,+-a ele*,+-a ,e+un&*us sea&ai ahan ,amah ,amah a,au 'en&isi sehin&&a a*an memen,u* samun&an )an& ,e,a'. P+insi' *e+a -a+i las SMA SMA4 4 ini )ai,u saa, uun& ele*,+-a -i-e*a,*an 'a-a en-a *e+a ,e+a-i 'anas lis,+i* (usu+ lis,+i* )an& memua, an,a+a en-a *e+a -en&an uun& ele*,+-a ,e+un&*us ,e+seu, men3ai+ se3a+a e+samaan. Den&an a-an)a 'en3ai+an ini ma*a *am'uh 'a-a lasan a*an ,e+isi leh 3ai+an l &am -a+i ele*,+-a -an l&am in-u* )an& men3ai+ se3a+a e+samaan. Ele*,+-a sen-i+i me+u'a*an *a5a,?l&am )an& ,e+un&*us (luks. %lu*s 'a-a ele*,+-a e+6un&si sea&ai 'eman,a' usu+ -an u&a sea&ai sume+ sume+ ,e+a* (sla& (sla& )an& a*an melin-un&i hasil hasil las )an& a+u -a+i *n,aminasi u-a+a lua+
Gambar 2 P+ses Las SMA4
Pa-a saa, '+ses 'en&elasan e+lan&sun& 'emin-ahan l&am -a+i ele*,+-a ,e+&an,un& -a+i esa+ *e3iln)a a+us lis,+i* )an& -i&una*an. A'aila men&&una*an a+us )an& esa+ ma*a u,i+an0u,i+an l&am a*an mena-i halus/ ,e,a'i seali*n)a a'aila men&&una*an a+us )an& )an& *e3il 'emin-ahan l&am -a+i ele*,+-a a*an mena-i leih esa+.
Gambar 'en&a+uh a+us ,e+ha-a' 'en&elasan
Gambar ! a&ian Las SMA4 2..2.1 Baia07baia0 Utama SMA 1. M)si M)si0 0 Las Las List Listri ri/ / 8SMA 8SMA ;
Mesin las e+6un&si sea&ai 'en&uah a+us la*0ali* -a+i PLN mena-i a+us 'en&elasan/ se+,a mena&a *e s,ailan a+us. Pa-a mesin ini ,e+-a'a, e+a&ai ,ml un,u* men&a,u+ *ua, *ua, a+us -a+i ,e&an&an.
Gambar " Mesin Las Lis,+i*
2. Kab) Kab)(( Las Las List Listri ri/ /
Kael las lis,+i* lis,+i* -i&una*an -i&una*an sea&ai 'en&han,a+ 'en&han,a+ a+us 'en&elasan 'en&elasan -a+i mesin las lis,+i* *e en-a *e+a.
Gambar # Kael Las Lis,+i*
. S)ta0 Las
Se,an& Se,an& las e+6un e+6un&si &si sea&a sea&aii 'eme&a 'eme&an& n& ele*,+ ele*,+-a -a )an& )an& -i&una -i&una*an *an sea&ai ahan isian -alam 'en&elasan.
Gambar $ Se,an& Las
!. K()m Massa
Klem massa e+6un&si sea&ai 'en&han,a+ a+us massa )an& -ie'i, *e en-a *e+a.
Gambar % Klem Massa
2..2.2 2..2.2
P*(aritas P*(aritas Las Listri/ Listri/ 8SMA 8SMA;
Pa-a Pa-a 'en&el 'en&elasan asan SMA4 SMA4 ,e+-a' ,e+-a'a, a, " enis enis 'en&*u 'en&*u,u ,uan an ('la+ ('la+i,a i,as s )ai,u )ai,u sea&ai e+i*u,: a. DCSP DCSP (Dire (Direct ct Curre Current nt Straig Straight ht Polar Polarity ity))
Pa-a 'en&*u,uan D;SP se,an& las men&ali+*an a+us ne&a,i6 (0 -an 'a-a *lem massa men&ali+*an a+us 'si,i6 (/ -imana 'a-a 'en&*u,uan ini men&hasil*an 'ene,+asi )an& -alam.
Gambar & D;SP
b. DCRP DCRP (Dire (Direct ct Curre Current nt Rever Reverse se Polar Polarity) ity)
Pa-a 'en&*u,uan D;RP se,an& las men&ali+*an a+us 'si,i6 ( -an 'a-a *lem massa massa men&al men&ali+* i+*an an a+us a+us ne&a,i ne&a,i66 (0/ (0/ -imana -imana 'a-a 'a-a 'en&*u 'en&*u,u ,uan an ini men&hasil*an 'ene,+asi )an& -an&*al.
Gambar 1' D;RP
c. AC (Alt (Alter erna nati tive ve Cu Curr rren ent) t)
Pa-a 'en&*u,uan A; men&hasil*an 'ene,+asi )an& ,i-a* ,e+lalu -alam -a+i D;SP -an ,i-a* ,e+lalu -an&*al -a+i D;RP/ *a+ena *ua, a+us 'a-a se,an& las -an *lem massa sama esa+.
Gambar 11 A;
2.. Las Listri/ TIG Las lis,+i* TIG (Tun&s,en Ine+, Gas H Tun&s,en &as mulia men&&una*an ele*,+-a 5l6+am )an& u*an me+u'a*an ahan ,amah. usu+ lis,+i* )an& ,e+a-i -i an,a+a uun& ele*,+-a 5l6+am -an ahan -asa+ me+u'a*an sume+ 'anas un,u* 'en&elasan. Tan&*ai Tan&*ai lis,+i* -ilen&*a'i -ilen&*a'i nsel *e+ami* un,u* 'en)emu+ 'en)emu+ &as 'elin-un& )an& melin-un&i -ae+ah las -a+i lua+ 'a-a saa, 'en&elasan.
Las lis,+i* TIG (Tun&s,en Ine+, Gas H Tun&s,en Gas Mulia men&&una*an ele*,+-a 5l6+am )an& u*an me+u'a*an ahan ,amah. usu+ lis,+i* )an& ,e+a-i an,a+a uun& ele*,+-a 5l6+am -an ahan -asa+ me+u'a*an sume+ 'anas/ un,u* 'en&elasan. Ti,i* 3ai+ ele*,+-a 5l6+am se-emi*ian ,in&&in)a sam'ai "$1 ;/ sehin&&a ,i-a* i*u, men3ai+ 'a-a saa, ,e+a-i usu+ lis,+i*.
Gambar 12 Ran&*aian TIG
2...1 Baia07Baia0 Las TIG Las &as ,un&s,en (las TIG a-alah '+ses 'en&elasan -imana usu+ n)ala lis,+i* -i,imul*an leh ele*,+-a ,un&s,en (ele*,+-a ,a* ,e+um'an -en&an en-a *e+a l&am. Dae+ah 'en&elasan -ilin-un&i leh &as lin-un& (&as ,i-a* a*,i6 a&a+ ,i-a* e+*n,aminasi -en&an u-a+a lua+. Ka5a, las -a'a, -i,amah*an a,au ,i-a* ,e+&an,un& ,e+&an,un& -a+i en,u* samun&an -an *e,ealan en-a *e+a )an& a*an -ilas.
Pe+an&*a, )an& -i'a*ai -alam 'en&elasan las &as ,un&s,en a-alah:
1. Mesin
Mesi Mesin n las las A;?D A;?D; ; me+u me+u'a 'a*a *an n mesin mesin las las 'em 'eman an&* &*i, i, a+us a+us A;?D A;?D; ; )an& )an& -i&una*an -i -alam 'en&elasan las &as ,un&s,en. Pemilihan a+us A; a,au D; iasan)a ,e+&an,un& 'a-a enis enis l&am )an& a*an -ilas.
Gambar 1 Mesin TIG
. !abung !abung gas lindung lindun g
A-alah ,aun& ,em'a, 'en)im'anan &as lin-un& se'e+,i a+&n -an helium )an& -i&una*an -i -alam men&elas men&elas &as ,un&s,en.
Gambar 1! Taun& Gas Pelin-un&
. Regulator gas lindung
A-alah A-alah a-alah a-alah 'en&a, 'en&a,u+ u+ ,e*anan ,e*anan &as )an& )an& a*an a*an -i&una -i&una*an *an -i -alam -alam 'en&elasan &as ,un&s,en. Pa-a +e&ula,+ ini iasan)a -i,unu**an ,e*anan *e+a -an ,e*anan &as -i -alam ,aun&.
Gambar 1" Re&ula,+ Gas Pelin-un&
! . "low#eter untu$ gas
Di'a*ai un,u* menunu**an esa+n)a ali+an &as lin-un& )an& -i'a*ai -i -alam 'en&elasan &as ,un&s,en.
Gambar 1# %l5me,e+
%. Selang gas dan dan perleng$a perleng$apan pan pengi$a pengi$atnya tnya
e+6un&si sea&ai 'en&huun& &as -a+i ,aun& menuu 'ema*a+ las. Se-an&*an 'e+an&*a, 'en&i*a, e+6un&si men&i*a, selan& -a+i ,aun& menuu mesin las -an -a+i mesin las menuu 'ema*a+ las.
Gambar 1$ Selan& &as
&. 'abel ele$troda dan Selang
e+6un&si men&han,a+*an a+us -a+mesin las menuu s,an& las/ e&i,u u&a ali+a ali+an n &as &as -a+i -a+i mesin mesin las las menu menuu u
s,an s,an& & las. las. Kae Kaell masa masa e+6 e+6un un&s &sii un,u un,u* *
'en&han,a+ a+us *e en-a *e+a. *e+a.
. Stang las (welding torch)
e+6un&si un,u* men)a,u*an sis,em las )an& e+u'a 'en)alaan usu+ -an 'e+lin-un&an &as lin-un& selama -ila*u*an -ila*u*an '+ses 'en&elasan.
Gambar 1% T+3h %. le$troda %. le$troda tungsten
e+6un&si sea&ai 'eman&*i, usu+ n)ala selama -ila*u*an 'en&elasan. Ele*,+-a ini ,i-a* e+6un&si sea&ai ahan ,amah.
*. 'awat las
e+6un&si sea&ai ahan ,amah. ,a mah. Tamah*an Tamah*an *a5a, las i*a ahan -asa+ )an& -i'anasi -en&an usu+ ,un&s,en su-ah men-e*a,i 3ai+. 3ai+.
1'. Assesories Assesories pilihan
Da'a, e+u'a sis,em 'en-in&ina 'en-in&inan n ai+ un,u* 'e*e+aan 'e*e+aan 'en&elasan 'en&elasan e+a,/ +hes,a, *a*i/ -an 'en&a,u+ 5a*,u usu+.
2..! Las Listri/ S3bm)r): 8SA;
Las lis,+i* lis,+i* sume sume+& +&ee- iasan) iasan)aa ? )an& )an& umumn) umumn)aa ,ma,is ,ma,is a,au a,au semi semi ,ma,is men&&una*an 6lu*si se+u* un,u* 'elin-un& -a+i 'en&a+uh u-a+a lua+. usu+ lis,+i* -i an,a+a uun& ele*,+-a -an ahan -asa+ -i-alam ,imunan 6lu*si sehin&&a ,i-a* ,e+a-i sina+ las *elua+ se'e+,i iasan)a 'a-a las lis,+i* lainn)a. O'e+a,+ las ,i-a* 'e+lu men&&una*an *a3a 'elin-un& ma,a (helm las.
Pa-a 5a*,u 'en&elasan/ 6lu*si se+u* a*an men3ai+ -an meme*u -an menu,u'la'isan las. Sea&ian 6lu*si se+u* )an& ,i-a* men3ai+ -a'a, -i'a*ai la&i se,elah -ie+sih*an -a+i ,e+a*0,e+a* las
2.." Las Listri/ MIG 8GMA;
Me,al Me,al Ine+, Ine+, Gas %MIG) %MIG) a!au GMA4 %Gas Me!al A"& Weldng) Weldng) a-alah '+ses 'en&elasan -en&an sume+ 'anasn)a e+asal -a+i lis,+i* -en&an -ilin-un&i leh leh &as mulia mulia -en&an -en&an ahan ahan ,amah ,amahn) n)aa -i,am -i,amah* ah*an an melalu melaluii ,+3h/ ,+3h/ )an& )an& ,e+masu* -alam enis ele*,+-a ,e+um'an.
Gambar 1& Dia&+am MIG
Me!al ne"! gas (MIG gas (MIG me+u'a*an '+ses 'en)amun&an -ua uah l&am a,au leih )an& seenis -en&an men&&una*an men&&una*an ahan ,amah ,amah )an& e+u'a *a5a, &ulun&an -an &as 'elin-un& melalui '+ses 'en3ai+an. Gas 'elin-un&? &as mulia -alam '+ses 'en&elasan ini e+6un&si sea&ai 'elin-un& -a+i '+ses *si-asi/ )ai,u )ai,u 'en&a+ 'en&a+uh uh u-a+a u-a+a lua+ lua+ )an& )an& -a'a, -a'a, mem'en mem'en&a+ &a+uh uhii *uali,a *uali,ass las. Gas )an& )an& -i&una*an -alam '+ses 'en&elasan ini -a'a, men&&una*an &as a+&n/ helium/ a+&nhe a+&nhelium lium -s. Pen&&unaan Pen&&unaan &as u&a -a'a, mem'en&a+u mem'en&a+uhi hi *uali,as *uali,as la i,u sen-i+i.
Gambar 2' MIG Baia07baia0 Utama
A-a'un a&ian u,ama -a+i 'en&elasan MIG a-alah sea&ai e+i*u,: 1. M)si0 Las
Mesin las e+6un&si un,u* men&uah a+us la*0ali* (A; mena-i a+us 'en&elasan/ 'a-a mesin las u&a ,e+-a'a, 'en&um'an *a5a, las )an& e+6un&si un,u* men&um'an *a5a, *a5a, las menuu ,+3h.
Gambar 21 Mesin Las MiG . !orch
To"&h e+6un&si To"&h e+6un&si sea&ai ,em'a, *elua+n)a ele*,+-a las/ ,em'a, *elua+n)a &as mulia se+,a 'en&hasil usu+ a'i las.
Gambar 22 T+3h . Tab30 b30 Gas Gas M3( M3(ia ia
Tau Taun& n& &as &as mulia mulia e+6 e+6un un&s &sii un,u un,u* * menam menam'un 'un& & &as &as mulia mulia )an& )an& a*an a*an -i&u -i&una na*a *an n
sela selam ma
'en& 'en&el elas asan an
e+l e+lan an&s &sun un&/ &/
'a-a 'a-a
'en& 'en&el elas asan an
MIG MIG
men&&una*an &as mulia e+u'a &as *a+n-i*si-a (;O 2.
Gambar 2 Taun& Gas Mulia !. Ka
Ka5a, las MIG e+6un&si sea&ai ahan 'enamah )an& *elua+ melalui !o"&h -an -ium'an leh mesin 'en&um'an )an& e+a-a -i mesin las.
Gambar 2! Ka5a, Las MIG
2..#
Las O=>7 A?)t>()0) 8OA; 8OA;
Pen&el Pen&elasa asan n OF)0A3 OF)0A3e,) e,)len lenee a-alah a-alah '+ses '+ses 'en&el 'en&elasan asan )an& )an& sume+ sume+ 'anasn)a e+asal -a+i 'ema*a+an &as a3e,)lene -an &as *si&en/ 'a-a 'en&elasan ini ahan ,amah (6ille+ me,al me,al -i,amah*an -a+i lua+.
Rea*si )an& ,e+a-i -alam ,aun& ase,ilen/ a-alah sea&ai e+i*u, : ;a;2
292O
;a(O9 2
;292
Gambar 2" Pen&e+aan Las Ase,ilen
2..#.1 Baia07baia0 Utama 8(as a?)t>()0);
A-a'un a&ian0a&ian u,ama las F)0a3e,)lene a-alah sea&ai e+i*u,: 1. Tab30 Ga Gas Acetylene
Km'n Km'nen en ini e+&un e+&unaa sea&a sea&aii ,em'a, ,em'a, 'enam' 'enam'un& un&an an &as a&e!lene a&e!lene )an& a*an -i&una*an -i&una*an selama '+ses 'en&elasan/ 'en&elasan/ 6un&si 6un&si -a+i &as a&e!lene a&e!lene a-alah sea&ai sume+ ahan a*a+ 'a-a 'en&elasan las o*+a&e!lene.
Gama+ 2# Taun& A3e,)lene
2. Taun& un& Gas Gas O*s O*si& i&en en e+6un e+6un&si &si un,u* un,u* menam' menam'un& un& &as *si&e *si&en n )an& )an& a*an a*an -i&una -i&una*an *an selama selama '+ses 'en&elasan/ 6un&si *si&en a-alah un,u* menai**an suhu a'i 'en&elasan *e,i*a e+3am'u+ -en&an &as &as a&e!lene.
Gama+ 2! Taun& O*si&en
. R)3(at*r
Re&ula Re&ula,+ ,+ e+6un e+6un&si &si un,u* un,u* men&e,a men&e,ahui hui ,e*ana ,e*anan n isi ,aun& ,aun& *si&e *si&en n -an a&e!lene -an un,u* men&a,u+ ,e*anan *e+a )an& -uu,uh*an.
Gama+ 2.1Re&ula,+
a&ian0a&ian -a+i +e&ula,+ a-alah: . Mano Manome me!e !e"" Te Tekana kanan n Is Is e+6un&si sea&ai ,em'a, 'ema3aan s*ala ,e*anan isi ,aun&. -. Mano Manome me!e !e"" Te Tekana kanan n e"/ e"/a a e+6un&si sea&ai ,em'a, 'ema3aan s*ala 'en&a,u+ ,e*anan *e+a )an& a*an -i&una*an.
A-a'un 3a+a un,u* me&&una*an +e&ula,+ a-alah sea&ai e+i*u,: •
Ka,u' u,ama 'a-a ,aun& *si&en -an a&e!lene -iu*a.
•
S*ala S*ala 'a-a
manme manme,e+ ,e+ ,e*anan ,e*anan isi a*an nai* men&i*u, men&i*u,ii ,e*ana ,e*anan n isi
,aun& *si&en -an a&e!lene. •
Ka,u' +e&ula,+ -i'u,a+ sea+ah a+um am ma*a s*ala ,e*anan *e+a a*an nai*.
!. S)(a0 8 +ose; +ose;
Selan& ( 0ose 0ose -i&una*an -i&una*an un,u* men&ali+*an men&ali+*an &as a&e!lene -an a&e!lene -an *si&en -a+i ,aun& )an& melalui +e&ula,+ )an& a*an menuu *e se,an& las ( !o"&h. !o"&h.
Gama+ 2= Selan& (9se
". S)ta0 Las 8 !orch; !orch;
Se,an Se,an& & Las Las (To"&h To"&h e+6 e+6un un&s &sii sea sea&a &aii ,em'a ,em'a,, 'en3 'en3am am'u 'u++ &as &as a&e!lene -en&an -en&an &as *si&e *si&en/ n/ 'a-a se,an& se,an& las ,e+-a' ,e+-a'a, a, *a,u' *a,u' a&e!lene a&e!lene -an *a,u' *si&en )an& e+6un&si un,u* men&a,u+ esa+n)a &as )an& a*an -i*elua+*an/ 'a-a se,an& las u&a ,e+-a'a, no11le )an& )an& e+6un e+6un&si &si sea&a sea&aii ,em'a, ,em'a, 'ema*a+an 3am'u+an &as a&e!lene -an a&e!lene -an *si&en.
Gama+ 27 Se,an& Las (T+3h
2..#.2 A5i Las OA N)ala hasil 'ema*a+an 'ema*a+an -alam las *si0ase,ilen *si0ase,ilen -a'a, e+uah e+&an,un& e+&an,un& 'a-a 'e+an-in&an an,a+a &as &as *si&en -an &as ase,ilenn)a. ase,ilenn)a. ENIS @ENIS API LAS
A-a ,i&a ma3am n)ala a'i -alam las *si0ase,ilen se'e+,i -i,unu**an 'a-a &ama+ -i a5ah :
a. N>a(a N>a(a as)ti as)ti()0 ()0 ()bi ()bi9 9 80>a( 80>a(a a /arb3 /arb3ras rasi; i;
ila ,e+lalu an)a* 'e+an-in&an &as ase,ilen )an& -i&una*an ma*a -i an,a+a an,a+a *e+u3u *e+u3u,, -alam -alam -an *e+u3u *e+u3u,, lua+ lua+ a*an a*an ,imul ,imul *e+u3u *e+u3u,, n)ala n)ala a+u a+u e+5a+na i+u. Di an,a+a *e+u3u, )an& men)ala -an seluun& lua+ a*an ,e+-a'a, ,e+-a'a, *e+u3u, *e+u3u, an,a+a an,a+a )an& e+5a+na e+5a+na *e'u,ih0'u *e'u,ih0'u,ihan/ ,ihan/ )an& 'anan&n) 'anan&n)aa -i,en, -i,en,u*a u*an n leh leh umlah umlah *elei *eleihan han ase,il ase,ilen. en. 9al ini a*an a*an men)ea men)ea*a *an n ,e+a-in)a *a+u+isasi 'a-a l&am 3ai+. N)ala ini an)a* -i&una*an -alam 'en&elasan l&am mnel/ ni*el/ e+a&ai enis aa -an e+ma3am0ma3am ahan 'en&e+asan 'e+mu*aan nn06e+us. nn06e+us.
Gama+ " N)ala Ka+u+asi
. N>a(a */si)0 ()bi9 80>a(a */si:asi; ila &as *si&en leih -a+i'a-a )an& -iu,uh*an un,u* men&hasil*an n)ala n)ala ne,+al ne,+al ma*a n)ala n)ala a'i mena-i mena-i 'en-e* 'en-e* -an 5a+na 5a+na *e+u3u *e+u3u,, -alam -alam e+uah mena-i un&u. N)ala ini a*an men)ea*an ,e+a-in)a '+ses *si-asi a,au -e*a+u+isasi 'a-a l&am 3ai+. N)ala )an& e+si6a, *si-asi ini ha+us ha+us -i&una -i&una*an *an -alam -alam 'en&ela 'en&elasan san 6usin 6usin -a+i -a+i *unin& *unin&an an -an 'e+un& 'e+un&&u &u namun ,i-a* -ianu+*an un,u* 'en&elasan lainn)a.
Gama+ "1 n)ala O*si-asi
?.
N>a(a 0)tra(
N)ala ini ,e+a-i ila 'e+an-in&an an,a+a *si&en -an ase,ilen se*i,a+ sa,u. sa,u. N)ala N)ala ,e+-i+ ,e+-i+ii a,as a,as *e+u3u *e+u3u,, -alam -alam )an& )an& e+5a+ e+5a+na na 'u,ih 'u,ih e+sin e+sina+ a+ -an *e+u3u, *e+u3u, lua+ )an& e+5a+na e+5a+na i+u enin&. enin&. O*si&en O*si&en )an& -i'e+lu*an -i'e+lu*an n)ala ini e+asal -a+i u-a+a. Suhu ma*simum se,in&&i "" sam'ai "< ; ,e+3a'ai 'a-a uun& n)ala *e+u3u,.
Gama+ "2 N)ala Ne,+al
,ara M)0>a(a/a0 Da0 M)mati/a0 A5i Las OA
1. ;a+a ;a+a Men)ala Men)ala*an *an A'i A'i Las Pa-a Pa-a Las Las OF)0A3 OF)0A3e,) e,)len lenee :
*a,u' 'a-a ,aun& a3e,)lene -an *si&en.
A,u+ ,e*anan *e+a 'a-a +e&ula,+/ i*a -i'u,a+ sea+ah a+um am ma*a a*an a*an menai* menai**an *an ,e*ana ,e*anan/ n/ seali seali*n) *n)aa a*an a*an menu,u menu,u' ' *a,u' *a,u' 'en&a, 'en&a,u+ u+ ,e*anan 'a-a +e&ula,+.
u*a *a,u' a&e!lene 'a-a a&e!lene 'a-a !o"&h se-i*i, !o"&h se-i*i, saa. N)ala*an a'i men&&una*an 'eman,i*. 'eman,i*.
u*a *a,u' *si&en 'a-a ,+3h.
a,u+ a'i 'en&elasan 'a-a *a,u' ,+3h.
2. ;a+a ;a+a Mema,i* Mema,i*an an A'i A'i Las Las OF)0A3e OF)0A3e,) ,)lene lene..
Tu,u' *a,u' *si&en 'a-a ,+3h hin&&a +a'a,.
Tu,u' *a,u' a3e,)lene 'a-a ,+3h hin&&a +a'a,.
Tu,u' *a,u' 'a-a masin&0masin& ,aun& -an *elua+*an &as sisa )an& ,e+'e+an&*a' -i-alam selan&
2.! E()/tr* E()/tr*:a :a Las Las
un&*us un&*us (3a,in& (3a,in& ele*,+-e e+6un&si e+6un&si sea&ai sea&ai 6lu*s )an& a*an ,e+a*a+ 'a-a 5a*,u '+ses e+lan&sun&/ -an &as )an& ,e+a-i a*an melin-un&i '+ses ,e+ha-a' 'an&a+uh u-a+a lua+. ;ai+an 'emun&*us a*an ,e+a'un&-an meme*u 'a-a
'e+mu*aan las )an& -iseu, sla&/ )an& *emu-ian -a'a, -ie+sih*an -en&an mu-ah. mu-ah. Ele*,+-a Ele*,+-a las -a'a, -a'a, men&hasil*a men&hasil*anF0+a) nF0+a) e+*uali,as e+*uali,as -en&an -en&an 'ene,+asi 'ene,+asi me-ia.
Gama+ "" Ele*,+-a Las
Ele*,+-a -ia&i mena-i ee+a'a *lasi6i*asi/ an,a+a lain : 1. E()/tr*:a m)03r3t ba9a00>a ba9a00>a
a. Ele*,+-a aa *a+n . Ele*,+-a aa 'a-uan 3. Ele*,+-a u*an aa (nn 6e++us Km'sisi ahan ele*,+-a -ie-a*an un,u* -a'a, mem'e+mu-ah mem'e+mu-ah memilih ahan ,amah un,u* men&elas men&elas en-a *e+a )an& sesuai sesuai -en&an ahan ele*,+-a.
2. E()/tr*:a b)r:asar/a0 f30si0>a
ha#s !e"paka %!e"umapan) a. Elek!"oda ang ha#s Ele*,+-a )an& hais ,e+'a*ai ma*su-n)a a-alah ele*,+-a )an& hais menu,u'i ahan a,au *am'uh las -alam '+ses las -an u&a &as )an& )an& *elu *elua+ a+ a*i a*ia, a, melel meleleh ehn) n)aa ele* ele*,+ ,+-aa -an -an la'isa la'isan n 'elin 'elin-u -un& n& -i&una*an sea&ai 'elin-un& saa, 'en&elasan usu+.
b. Ele*,+-a )an& ,i-a* lan&sun& hais ,e+'a*ai (,un&s,en ele3,+-e ,i-a*
,e+um'an Ji*a ele*,+-a ele*,+-a )an& -i'a*ai -i'a*ai e+ahan e+ahan ,un&s,en/ ,un&s,en/ )ai,u ele*,+-a ele*,+-a )an& memili*i *e,ahanan 'anas )an& ,in&&i ,e+ha-a' suhu las -an han)a -i&una*an sea&ai usu+ ,e,a' un,u* a+a* ,e+,en,u. Ele*,+-a ini -i&una*an 'a-a 'en&elasan -en&an me,-e GTA4 GTA4 (Gas Tun&s,en A+3 4el-in&.
. E()/tr*:a m)03r3t (a5isa0 5)(i0:300>a
a. E()/tr*:a b)rba(3t Ele*,+-a las )an& e+alu, an)a* -i'e+&una*an 'a-a '+ses men&elas -en&an -en&an usu+ n)ala/ -imana alu,an -a+i sua,u *a5a, in,i ele*,+-a ,e+ua, ,e+ua, -a+i ahan > ahan se'e+,i s-a sili*a,/ alumunium sili*a,/ esi man&an/ ,i,an -i*si-a/ *alsium *a+na, -an sea&ain)a. b. E()/tr*:a ti:a/ b)rb30/3s 8)()/tr*:a 8)()/tr*:a 5*(*s;
Ele* Ele*,+ ,+-aa ini ini san&a san&a,, a+a a+an& n& -i&un -i&una* a*an an *a+e *a+ena na su*a su*a++ memeli memeliha ha+a +a *es,ailan usu+ n)ala -ian-in&*an -en&an ele*,+-a e+alu,. Pa-a umumn)a ele*,+-a ini -i&una*an -alam men&&una*an las ,ma,is *a+ena *a+ena *am'uh *am'uh las mem'un)ai mem'un)ai ahan 'en&isi 'en&isi ,e+sen-i+i ,e+sen-i+i -an 'ema*ainn) 'ema*ainn)aa 'a-a mesin mesin las ,an&an ,an&an han)a han)a 'a-a 'a-a mesin mesin las a+us a+us sea+ah sea+ah )an& )an& -i&una -i&una*an *an un,u* men&elas en-a *e+a )an& ,i-a* ,e+lalu 'en,in& (e+*uali,as +en-ah se'e+,i : men&ela 'a&a+/ e+ui en-ela/ -an sea&ain)a.
2.!.1 Simb*( E()/tr*:a :a0 Ma/0a0>a
Se3a+a *eselu+uhan/ ele*,+-a -a'a, -i*lasi6i*asi*an menu+u, *lasi6i*asi A4S/ enis ahan 'elin-un&/ 'sisi 'en&elasan )an& sesuai/ -an enis a+us lis,+i*. lis, +i*. Un,u* leih elasn)a -a'a, -iliha, 'a-a ,ale -i a5ah ini:
Gama+ "$ Pen&*-ean Ele*,+-a menu+u, A4S
Dalam 'enulisan *-e ele*,+-a 'a-a ,ael *lasi6i*asi ele*,+-a/ iasan)a e+isi ECCCC. Den&an *e,e+an&an sea&ai e+i*u,: 7 E E()/tr*:a 7 CC :3a 93r3f C t)r:)5a0 8CC; menan-a*an *e*ua,an ,a+i* ahan las se,elah
-ilas*an/ misaln)a E#CC e+a+,i ahan ,e+seu, *ua, ,a+i*n)a se,elah -ilas*an #. 'si/ E!CC e+a+,i ahan ,e+seu, *ua, ,a+i*n)a se,elah !. 'si/ e&i,u 'ula se,e+usn)a. 7 C 93r3f C /)tia menunu**an 'sisi 'en&elasan )an& ,e'a,. Un,u* an&*a 1
menunu**an leh -i'e+&una*an un,u* semua 'sisi. An&*a 2 menunu**an han)a isa -i'e+&una*an -en&an 'sisi ,e+,en,u. , - huru/ - tera$hir menunu**an menunu**an enis a+us lis,+i* )an& sesuai -en&an la'isan
ele*,+-an)a.
Gambar " Klasi6i*asi Ele*,+-a
Gambar # Tael Ele*,+-a (lanu,an
Tab() 1 Pen&*-ean Ele*,+-a Di&i, Te+a*hi+ A4S
;n,h : E0#1"/ a+,in)a : o
Ke*ua,an ,a+i* minimum -en -e'si, las a-alah #. l?in 2a,au $2 *&?mm 2
o
Da'a, -i'a*ai un,u* 'en&elasan se&ala 'sisi
o
Jenis sela'u, ele*,+-a +u,il0*alium -an 'en&elasan -en&an a+us A; a,au D; a,au D;0
2." Pr*s):3r Pr*s):3r :a0 P)rsia5a0 P)rsia5a0 P)0)(as P)0)(asa0 a0 2.".1 Pr*s):3r P)0)(asa0
a. Sia' Sia'*a *an n ala, ala, -an -an aha ahan n . Gama+ *e+a -i'ahami -an -i'elaa+i 3. en-a en-a *e+a -ilu*i -ilu*iss men&&una* men&&una*an an mis,a+ mis,a+ aa/ usu+/ usu+/ -an -an 'en&&a+is 'en&&a+is -. Mesi Mesin n las -in)al -in)ala* a*an an// -an -an i*a i*a las las ase,el ase,elin in *a,u *a,u' ' +e&u +e&ula, la,+ +n) n)aa -iu*a e. en-a en-a *e+a *e+a -ilas -ilas -ia,as -ia,as mea mea las las sesuai sesuai '+se-u '+se-u++ 'en&elasa 'en&elasan n 6. e+si e+sih* h*an an *e+a* *e+a* > *e+a* *e+a* )an& )an& menem menem'e 'ell 'a-a 'a-a en-a en-a *e+a *e+a a&a+ a&a+ ,e+liha, hasil 'en&elasan men&&una*an 'alu a,au si*a, *a5a, &. Ma,i Ma,i*a *an n mesi mesin n las las h. Ala, > ala, *e+a *e+a -ie+sih -ie+sih*an *an -an -an -ile,a** -ile,a**an an 'a-a 'a-a ,em'a,n)a ,em'a,n)a i.
e+si e+sih* h*an an +uan +uan& &an
2.".2 P)rsia5a0 P)0)(asa0
Pe+s Pe+sia ia'a 'an n
umum umum -alam -alam 'en& 'en&ela elasa san n
meli' meli'u, u,ii
'en) 'en)ee-ia iaan an aha ahan/ n/
'emilihan mesin las/ 'enunu*an u+u las/ 'enen,uan ala, 'e+a*i, -an ee+a'a ee+a'a hal lain)a la&i. Dalam menen,u*an ala, ala,/ -isam'in& menen,u*an lasn)a i,u sen-i+i hal )an& u&a ,-a* *alah 'en,in&n)a a-alah 'enen,uan ala, 'e+ai, a,au ala, an,u. Ala, 'e+a*i, ini a-alah ala, ala, *husus )an& -a'a, meme&an& -en&an *ua, a&ian a&ian )an& a*an -ilas sehin&&a hasil 'en&elasan mem'un)ai en,u* )an& ,e'a,. Ja-i 'emilihan ala, an,u )an& ,e'a, a*an menen,u*an *e,eli,ian en,u* a*hi+ -an a*an men&u+an&i 5a*,u 'en&elasan. Ala, 'e+a*i, -alam 'en&elasan -a'a, -ia&i -alam -ua *elm'* )ai,u *elm'* )an& meme&an& a&ian0a&ian )an& a*an -ilas 'a-a ,em'a,n)a sehin&&a memu-ah*an 'en&elasan -an )an& *e-ua a-alah 'eme&an& )an& -a'a, menahan 'e+uahan 'e+uahan -a+i en,u* *ns,+u*si.
Pe+sia'an a&ian )an& a*an -ilas : 1. P)rsia5a0 sisi (as Se,elah Se,elah 'enen, 'enen,uan uan '+ses '+ses 'en&el 'en&elasan asan ma*a ma*a &eme &eme,+i ,+i samun samun&an &an ha+us ha+us -i,en,u*an -en&an mem'e+ha,i*an ,i&*a,an ,e*ni* -a+i e&ian 'emua,an/ si6a si6a,, *eam *eam'u 'uan an 'en& 'en&e+ e+a aan an n)a n)a -an -an *emu *emun& n&*i *ina nan n 'en& 'en&hem hema, a,an an )an& )an& a*hi+n)a ,e+,uu 'a-a en,u* alu+. 2. P*sisi 5)0)(asa0 :a0 a(at 5)m)a0 Psisi 'en&elasan )an& ,e+ai* -iliha, -a+i su-u, *5ali,as samun&an -an e6isiensi 'en&elasan a-alah 'asisi -a,a+/ Ka+ena i,u -alam manen,u*an u+u,an 'e+a*i,an/ lan-asan 'e+a*i,an ala, 'e+a*i, ha+us men&usaha*an seauh mun&*in men&&una*an 'sisi -a,a+. ". Las i/at :a0 5)ra/ita0 Dalam 'en)e,elan ini se+in& se*ali a&ian a&ian ha+us -ihuun&*an sa,u sama lain -en&an lasan 'en-e*0'en-e* 'a-a ,em'a, ,em'a, ,e+,en,u )an& -inama*an las i*a, $. P)m)ri/saa0 :a0 5)rbai/a0 a(3r en,u* -an u*u+an alu+ ,u+u, menen,u*an mu,u lasan/ *a+ena i,u 'eme+i*saan ,e+ha-a' *e,eli,ian en,u* -an u*u+an n)a ha+us u&a -ila*u*an 'a-a saa, seelum 'en&elasan. <. P)mb)rsi9a0 a(3r K,+an0*,+an se'e+,i *a+a,/ ,e+a*/ min)a*/ ai+ -an lain sea&ain)a ila
,e+3am ,e+3am'u+ 'u+ -en&an -en&an l&am l&am las -a'a, -a'a, menim menimul ul*an *an 3a3a, 3a3a, las se'e+,i se'e+,i +e,a*/ +e,a*/ luan& halus -an lain sea&ain)a )an& -a'a, mamaha)a*an Peme+sihan)a )ai,u -en&an 3a+a me*ani* a,au 3a+a *imia.
2.# P*sisi P*sisi P)0)(a P)0)(asa0 sa0 1. P*si P*sisi si Dib Diba< a
Pa-a 'sisi ini en-a *e+a )an& a*an -ilas e+a-a -ia&ian a5ah ,an&an 'elde".
Gambar $Psisi Dia5ah Tan&an
2. P*si P*sisi si S)4 S)4a4 a4ar ar Ta0a0 0a0
Pa-a Pa-a 'sisi 'sisi ini en-a en-a *e+a *e+a )an& )an& a*an a*an -ilas -ilas e+a-a e+a-a seaa+ seaa+ ,an&an ,an&an 'elde" / -imana ,e+-a'a, -ua a+ah 'en&elasan )ai,u h+in,al -an 8e+,i*al.
Gambar % Psisi Seaa+ Tan&an
. P*si P*sissi Diat Diatas as K)5 K)5a( a(a a
'a-a 'sisi ini en-a *e+a )an& a*an -ilas -ilas e+a-a -ia,as *e'ala 'elde".
Gambar & Psisi O8e+hea-
2.$ )0is @)0is @)0is Samb30 Samb30a0 a0 Las 1. Samb Samb30 30a a0 0 T)m3 T)m3 8B3 8B3tt tt *i0 *i0t; t;
Samun&an sei-an& -i'a*ai ,e+u,ama un,u* men)amun& uun&0uun& 'la, -a,a+ -en&an *e,ealan )an& sama a,au ham'i+ saMa. Keun,un&an u,ama enis samun&an ini ialah men&hilan&*an e*sen,+isi,as )an& ,imul 'a-a samun samun&an &an le5a,a le5a,an n ,un&&a ,un&&al. l. Ke+u&i Ke+u&ian an u,aman) u,aman)aa ialah ialah uun& uun& )an& )an& a*an a*an -isam -isamu un& n& iasa iasan) n)aa ha+u ha+uss -isia -isia'* '*an an se3a+ se3a+aa *hus *husus us (-i+ (-i+a, a,a* a*an an a,au a,au -imi+in&*an -an -i'e+,emu*an se3a+a ha,i0ha,i seelum -ilas.
Gama+ $ Samun&an Temu
2. Samb Samb30 30a a0 0 Sisi Sisi 8E: 8E:)) *i0 *i0t; t;
Samun&an sisi umumn)a ,i-a* s,+u*,u+al ,e,a'i 'alin& se+in& -i'a*ai un,u* mena&a a&a+ -ua a,au leih 'la, ,e,a' 'a-a i-an& ,e+,en,u a,au un,u* mem'e+,ahan*an *eseaa+an (ali&nmen, a5al.
Gama+ $1 Samun&an Sisi
. Samb3 Samb30a 0a0 0 Sa(i0 Sa(i0 T3 T3m5a0 m5a0 8La5 8La5 *i0t; *i0t;
Samun&an le5a,an me+u'a*an enis )an& 'alin& u mum. Samun&an ini mem'un)ai -ua *eun,un&an u,ama: •
Mu-ah -isesuai*an. P,n&an ,e+seu, -a'a, -i&ese+ un,u* men&a*m-asi *esalahan *e3il -alam 'emua,an a,au un,u* 'en)esuaian 'anan&.
•
Mu-ah -isamun&. Te'i ',n&an )an& a*an -isamun& ,i-a* meme+lu*an 'e+sia'an *husus -an iasan)a -i',n& -en&an n )ala (a'i a,au &ese+an
•
Keun,un&an lain samun&an le5a,an a-alah mu-ah -i&una*an un,u* men)amun& 'la, )an& ,ealn)a e+lainan.
Gambar !2 Samun&an Tum'an&
!. Samb3 Samb30a 0a0 0 S3: S3:3t 3t 8,*r 8,*r0)r 0)r *i0t; *i0t;
Samu Samun& n&an an su-u su-u,,
-i'a -i'a*a *aii
,e+u ,e+u,am ,amaa
un,u* un,u* mem memua ua,,
'ena 'enam' m'an an& &
e+en,u* *s se&i em'a, se'e+,i )an& -i&una*an un,u* *lm -an al* )an& memi*ul mmen 'un,i+ )an& esa+.
Gambar ! Samun&an Su-u,
". Samb Samb30 30a a0 0 T 8T 8T7*i0 *i0t; t;
Jenis samun&an ini -i'a*ai un,u* memua, 'enam'an& en,u*an (uil,0 u' se'e+,i '+6il T/ '+6il 1/ &ela&a+ 'la, ('la, &i+-e+/ 'en&a*u ,um'uan a,au 'en&ua, sam'in& (ea+in& s,i66ene+/ 'en&&an,un&/ *nsl (+a3*e,. Umumn)a ',n&an )an& -isamun& memen,u* su-u, ,e&a* lu+us.
Gambar !! Samun&an T
2.% 2.% Kam5 Kam539 39 Las Las
1. Kam'uh @
Gambar !" Kam'uh @
2. Kam'uh B @
Gambar !# Kam'uh B @
. Kam539 C
Gambar !$ Kam'uh C
$. Kam'uh K
Gambar !% Kam'uh K
". Kam Kam53 539 9 D* D*3b 3b() () U
Gambar !& Kam'uh Dule U
#. Kam539 I
Gambar "' Kam'uh I
2.& ,ara M)0>a M)0>a(a/a0 (a/a0 Las Listri/ Listri/
1. Mesin las las -ihi-u'* -ihi-u'*an an -en&an -en&an men3l*a men3l*an n *ael mesin las las 'a-a luan& luan& 3l*an )an& a-a 2. Se,ela Se,elah h hi-u' -an -an a+us -ialan -ialan*an *an 'asan& 'asan&*an *an *lem *lem massa 'a-a 'a-a en-a *e+a ". Pasan& Pasan&*an *an *a5a, *a5a, las las 'a-a 'a-a s,an& s,an& las las A-a 2 3a+a un,u* men)ala*an usu+ lis,+i* )ai,u sea&ai e+i*u,: a. Dia>30/a0
Pen)alaan ini -en&an 3a+a men&a)un*an ele*,+-a ele*,+-a ,e+ha-a' en-a *e+a.
Gambar "1 Pen&a)unan Ele*,+-a
b. Dis)0 is)0t3 t39/ 9/a0 a0
Pen)alaan Pen)alaan ini -en&an 3a+a men)en,uh*an men)en,uh*an ele*,+-a ,e&a* lu+us ,e+ha-a' en-a *e+a.
Gambar "2 Pen)en,uhan Ele*,+-a
2.1' .1'
A>30a0 E()/ ()/tr*:a
A-a'un enis0enis a)unan ele*,+-a a-alah sea&ai e+i*u,: 1. A(3r S5ira(
Ele*,+-a -i&e+a**an se'e+,i e+en,u* s'i+al ,e+ha-a' en-a *e+a.
Gambar " Alu+ S'i+al
2. A(3r i i77a
Ele*,+-a -i&e+a**an e+en,u* i&0a& ,e+ha-a' en-a *e+a.
Gambar "! Alu+ i&0a&
. A(3r (3r M)( M)(i0 i0 /ar /ar
Ele*,+-a -i&e+a**an e+en,u* melin&*a+ ,e+ha-a' en-a *e+a -ise'anan& alu+ )an& a*an -ilas.
Gambar "" Alu+ Melin&*a+
!. A(3r (3r S) S)iti itia a
Ele*,+-a -i&e+a**an men)e+u'ai en,u* se&i,i&a ,e+ha-a' alu+ )an& a*an -ilas.
Gambar "# Alu+ Se&i,i&a
". A(3r A(3r Tra5)s a5)si3 i3m m
Ele*,+-a -i&e+a**an e+en,u* ,+a'esium -ise'anan& alu+ 'en&elasan.
Gambar "$ Alu+ T+a'esium
2.11
P)ra(ata0 K) K)s)(amata0 Da Da(am P) P)0)(asa0
e+i*u, ini a-alah 'e+ala,an *eselama,an )an& 5ai -i'a*ai selama'en&elasan : . Topeng La Las T'en& T'en& Las e+6un&si un,u* melin-un&i 5a ah -an ma,a 5el-e+ -a+i 'e+3i*an a'i las se+,a sina+ ul,+a8ile,.
Gambar "% T'en& Las
-. Ap"on A'+n e+6un&si un,u* melin-un&i ,uuh 'elde" -a+i -a+i 'e+3i*an a'i las.
Gambar "& A'+n
2. Sa"u Sa"ung ng Tangan ngan Las Las Sa+un& ,an&an las e+6un&si un,u* melin-un&i melin-un&i ,an&an 'elde" -a+i 'e+3i*an a'i las -an sina+ ul,+a8ile,.
Gambar #' Sa+un& Tan&an Las
3. Sepa Sepa!u !u Sa(e a(e! Se'a,u sa6e,) e+6un&si e+6un&si un,u* melin-un&i melin-un&i *a*i 'elde" -a+i'e+3i*an -a+i'e+3i*an a'i las/ a+us lis,+i* -an en-a e+a, se+,a ,aam.
Gambar #1 Se'a,u Sa6e,)
4. a&ama!a Las Ka3ama,a las e+6un&si un,u* melin-un&i ma,a -a+i 'e+3i*an un&a a'i -an un,u* memu-ah*an 'elde" un,u* un,u* meliha, 3ai+an l&am las.
Gambar #2 Ka3ama,a Las
2.12
,a?at Las 1. P*r*sit>
Po"os! a-alah Po"os! a-alah 3a3a, las )an& -isea* -isea*an an a-an)a &as )an& )an& -i-alam l&am l&am lasan/ 3a+a men&a,asin)a a-alah -en&an meme+sih*an -ae+ah 'en&elasan -an menu+un*an *e3e'a,an 'en&elasan.
Gambar # P+si,)
2. S(a (a I0?( I0?(3 3si*0 si*0
Slag In&luson a-alah 'en&,+ -a+i ,e+a*? *,+an ,e+a*/ 3a+a men3e&ahn)a a-alah a-alah -en&an -en&an meme+ meme+sih* sih*an an mani* mani* las seelum seelum mela*u mela*u*an *an 'en&el 'en&elasan asan la'isan e+i*u,n)a.
Gambar #! Sla& In3lusin
. I0?* I0?*m m5()t 5()t)) F3s F3si* i*0 0
In&omple!e 5uson 5uson a-alah 'en3ai+an )an& ,i-a* sem'u+na -a+i mani* las/ 'en3e&ahann)a a-alah e+sih*an -ae+ah -ae+ah lasan -an la*u*an '+e0hea,in&.
Gambar #" In3m'le,e %usin
!. I0?* I0?*m5 m5() ()t) t) P)0) P)0)tr trat ati* i*0 0
In&omple!e Pene!"a!on a-alah *e-alaman *e-alaman 'enemusan 'enemusan l&am las *u+an& *u+an& -alam? -alam? ,i-a* ,i-a* sem'u+ sem'u+na/ na/ 3a+a 3a+a men3e& men3e&ahn ahn)a )a a-alah a-alah -en&an -en&an menu+u menu+un*a n*an n *e3e'a,an 'en&elasan.
Gama+ ## In3m'le,e Pene,+a,in
2.1
L*am
ahan ,e*ni* -a'a, -i&ln&*an -alam *elm'* l&am -an u*an l&am. Selain -ua *elm'* ,e+seu, a-a *elm'* lain )an& -i*enal -en&an -en&an nama nama me!alod (men)e (men)e+u' +u'ai ai l&am l&am )an& )an& seena seena+n) +n)aa ,e+masu* ,e+masu* ahan u*an l&am. L&am L&am -a'a, -i&ln&*an mena-i -ua -ua )ai,u: 1. L&am %e++ :ai :ai,u ,u l&am l&am )an& )an& men&anmen&an-un& un& esi(%e. esi(%e. 2.
L&am L&am nn %e+ %e+ : ai,u ai,u l&am l&am )an& )an& ,i-a* men&a men&an-u n-un& n& unsu+e unsu+e esi esi (6e.
L*am mam53 (as )ai,u *emam'uan 8ahan l&am un,u* -a'a,
-ilas/ ,an'a men&alami 'enu+unan si6a, > si6a, )an& -imili*in)a se3a+a e+leihan. Se-an&*an (*am ti:a/ mam53 (as me+u'a*an l&am )an& memili*i *emam'uan lasn)a +en-ah a,au ,i-a* -a'a, -ilas/ )an& -en&an mu-ah men&alami 'e+uahan si6a,
2.1!
Pa0as - H)at I053t
In'u, In'u, 'anas 'anas a-alah a-alah esa+n) esa+n)aa ene+& ene+&ii 'anas 'anas ,ia' ,ia' sa,uan sa,uan 'anan 'anan& & las *e,i*a *e,i*a sume+ 'anas e+&e+a*. In'u, 'anas (9/ -in)a,a*an -en&an 'e+samaan sea&ai e+i*u, :
9H
P V H
EI V
-imana/ 9
: Masu*an 'anas
(J?m
P
: Tena&a in'u, (5a,,
E
: P,ensial lis,+i*
(8l,
I
: A+us lis,+i*
(am'e+
8
: Ke3e'a,an Las (m (m?s
In'u, 'anas u&a mem'en&a+uhi en,u* 'enam'an& lin,an& lasan %#ead on pla!e )an& meli'u,i esa+n)a 'e+mu*aan l&am in-u* )an& men3ai+/ 'e+mu*aan ahan 'en&isi -an 9A. (uson 'eldng a-alah un,u* %un&si u,ama sume+ 'anas 'a-a las 3ai+ ( (uson
men3ai+*an l&am/ )an& mem'un)ai -ua 'en&a+uh/ )ai,u 'a-a 'emen,u*an s,+u*,u+ mi*+ las -an u&a menimul*an si*lus ,e+mal -ae+ah lasan )an& masin&0masin& a*an -ielas*an sea&ai ei*u,.
2.1" .1"
P)r9 )r9it3 it30a0 0a0 K)/3a )/3ata ta0 0 Sam Samb30 30a a0 0 Las Pen&uian samun&an las sama halnn)a -en&an 'en&uian l&am. Se3a+a umum ,e+a&i a,as 2 ma3am )ai,u :
1. Tes, Des, Des,+u +u3, 3,i8 i8ee A-alah 'en&uian 'en&uian )an& me+usa* en-a en-a ui -en&an -en&an meme+i meme+i 'emeanan 'emeanan s,a,i3 s,a,i3 a,au'u a,au'un n -)nam -)nami3 i3 ,e+ha,e+ha-a' a' en-a en-a ui/ ui/ se'e+, se'e+,ii : 'en&u 'en&uian ian ,a+i*/ ,a+i*/ ui *e*e+asan/ ui im'a3, -an lainn)a. lainn )a. 2. Tes, Nn Nn Des Des,+ ,+u3 u3,i ,i8e 8e A-alah 'en&uian ,an'a me+usa* en-a ui/ se'e+,i : Pen&ama,an s,+u*,u+ mi*+ en-a ui/ 'en&ama,an si6a, 6isi* en-a ui.
2.1"
Dasar ta0:a P)0)(asa0
Siml0siml *husus )an& -i&una*an 'a-a &ama+ un,u* menen,u*an mana lasan ha+us ,e+le,a*/ enis e+sama )an& a*an -i&una*an/ se+,a u*u+an -an umlah l&am las ha+us -i-e'si,*an -i sen-i. Siml0siml ini ,elah -is,an-a+-isasi leh 4e 4el-in& l-in& S3ie,) Ame+i*a (A4S. (A4S. Dasa+ ,an-a 'en&elasan -i,unu**an 'a-a &ama+ :
Gambar 67 Dasar
tanda pengelasan
Siml las me+uu* 'a-a siml un,u* enis las ,e+,en,u/ se'e+,i 6ille,/ alu+/ 'e+mu*aan/ 'lu& -an sl, )an& me+u'a*an me+u'a*an semua enis las. Siml -asa+ 'en&elasan -i,unu**an 'a-a &ama+ -ia5ah ini.
Gambar #% Dasa+ siml las.
BAB III ALAT DAN BAHAN
.1
A(at
.1.1 Las Listri/ SMA e+i*u, a-alah ala, ala, )an& -i&una*an -alam '+a*,i*um '+a*,i*um 'en&elasan SMA4 SMA4 ini/ )ai,u :
1. Sa,u Sa,u uni, uni, Mesi Mesin n las las lis, lis,+i +i* *
Gambar #& Mesin Las Lis,+i*
2. Se,an& Las
Gambar $' Pene'i, Ele*,+-a
". Ka Kael Las Las Lis Lis,+ ,+i* i*
Gambar $1 Kael Las Lis,+i*
$.
Klem Massa
Gambar $2 Klem Massa
<. Palu ,e+a*
Gambar $ Palu Te+a*
#. Mea Las
Gambar $! Mea Las
!. Pen&&+es
Gambar 75 Penggores
2..2 Las O=>7A?)t>(i0) O=>7A?)t >(i0) )(:i0 8OA; 8OA;
A-a'un A-a'un ala, )an& -i&una*an -i&una*an 'a-a '+a*,i*um '+a*,i*um 'en&elasan 'en&elasan OA4 an,a+a an,a+a lain :
1. Taun& a&e!lene
Gambar $# Taun& a3e,)lene
2. Taun& un& *s *si& i&en en
Gambar $$ Taun& O*si&en
". T+3h
Gambar $% T+3h
$. Re&ula,+
Gambar $& Re&ula,+
<. Pema,i* A' A'i
Gambar %' Pema,i* A'i
#. Mea Ke+a
Gambar %1 Mea Ke+a
!. Si*a, Ka Ka5a,
Gambar %2 SI*a, KA5a, KA5a,
=. Palu ,e+a*
Gambar % Palu Te+a*
7. Kun3i Pas
Gambar %! Kun3i Pas
1. 1. Kain Kain La' La'
Gambar %" Kain La'
.1. A(at P)r()0/a5a0 P)r()0/a5a0 K)s)(amata0 K)s)(amata0 K)r4a
1. T'en& la las
Gambar %# T'en& Las
2. Mas*e+
Gambar %$ Mas*e+
". Sa+un& ,a ,an&an
Gambar %% Sa+un& Tan&an
$. A'+n
Gambar %& A'+n
.2 Ba9a0
.2.1 Las Listri/ SMA A-a'un ahan )an& -i -i&una*an &una*an -alam '+a*,i*um Las Lis,+i* SMA4 a-alah a-alah :
. Pla, aa
< mm
1 mm
Gambar &' en-a *e+a
". Ele*,+-a Ele*,+-a )an& -i&una*an a-alah : R 2# E #1"
Gambar &1 Ele*,+-a R 2# E#1"
.2.2 Las O=>7A?)t>(i0) )(:i0 8OA;
< mm
A-a'un ahan )an& -i&una*an 'a-a las O A4 a-alah sea&ai e+i*u, :
1. Pela Pela,, a aaa Se,e Se,ea all 1 mm mm
Gambar &2 -imensi 'ela, aa
2. . Ka Ka5a, las Di&una*an sea&ai ahan 'en&isi 'a-a '+ses 'en&elasan.
Gambar & Ka5a, Las
BAB IV
PEMBAHASAN ANALISA !.2.1 A0a(isis P)0)(asa0 :)0a0 SMA e+i*u, a-alah &ama+ hasil 'en&elasan SMA4 )an& *ami la*u*an : A-a'un e+i*u, analisis )an& -a'a, -iamil a-alah :
1. A+us A+us 'en&el 'en&elasa asan n e+'en e+'en&a+ &a+uh uh 'a-a 'en&e+ 'en&e+aan aan las/ saa, saa, mela* mela*u*a u*an n 'en&elasan 'en&&unaan a+us ha+us -isesuai*an ,e+ha-a' *e,ealan en-a *e+a/ A+us 'en&elasan )an& ,e+lalu esa+ men&a*ia,*an en-a *e+a e+luan&. 2. Ke,e Ke,e+a +am' m'ila ilan n -a+i -a+i san& san& '+a* '+a*,i* ,i*an an -ala -alam m mela mela*u *u*a *an n 'en& 'en&ela elasa san n san&a, 'en,in& un,u* men-a'a,*an hasil en-a *e+a )an& a&us -an lu+us. ". Te+a* Te+a* Las Las ha+us se&e+a se&e+a ha+us ha+us -i'as,i* -i'as,i*an an e+sih/ e+sih/ a'aia a'aia ,e+a* ,e+a* las ,i-a* ,i-a* e+sih a*an men&a*ia,*an la'isan +i&i las a*an susah len&*e, 'a-a l&am lasan mau'un l&am in-u*. $. Ge+a Ge+a*a *an n 'en& 'en&el elas asan an ha+u ha+uss *ns *ns,a ,an n (,e* (,e*an anan an 'en& 'en&el elas asan an// a+a a+a* * 'en&elasan/ a'aila &e+a*an 'en&elasan ,i-a* *ns,an a*an men&a*ia,*an hasil 'en&elasan )an& ,i-a* +a,a -an hasiln)a lm'a,0 lm'a,. <. esa+ esa+n) n)aa
su-u su-u,,
*em *emi+in i+in&a &an n
ele* ele*,+ ,+-aa
,e+h ,e+haa-a' a' en en-a
*e+ *e+aa
mem'en&a+uhi lea+ -a+i hasil 'en&elasan. #. Saa, Saa, 'en&elasa 'en&elasan n a+a* sen,uh sen,uh ele*,+ ele*,+-a -a -an -an en-a *e+a *e+a ,i-a* ,i-a* leh leh ,e+lalu auh/ a'aila ,e+lalu auh men&a*ia,*an hasil +i&i las )an& ,i-a* 'a-a,.
!.2.2 A0a(isis P)0)(asa0 O=>7A?)t>(i0) O=>7A?)t>(i0)
A-a'un analisis 'a-a 'en&elasan OF)0 OF )0 A3e,eline a-alah sea&ai e+i*u, :
1. Ke,e+am'ila Ke,e+am'ilan n san&a, san&a, -iu,uh* -iu,uh*an an -alam -alam mela*u* mela*u*an an 'en&elasa 'en&elasan n ase,eline/ ase,eline/ *a+ena iasan)a las OF)0A3e,)line -ila*u*an un,u* en-a *e+a )an& san&a, ,i'is. Pen&elasan )an& ,e+lalu 3e'a,/ isa men&a*ia,*an ele*,+-a a,au 'un en-a *e+an ,i-a* masa* masa* a,au meleleh -an leih mu-ah le'as. 2. Saa, Saa, 'en& 'en&el elas asan an se+i se+in& n& ,e+ ,e+aa-ii le,u le,u'a 'an n 'a-a 'a-a uun uun& & n nle le// hal hal i,u i,u -isea*an leh Uun& nle )an& *,+/ leh sea i,u uun& nle 'e+lu -ie+sih*an -en&an men&&una*an men&&una*an si*a, *a5a,. ". Gas a3e,)lene a3e,)lene )an& )an& ,e*ana ,e*anann) nn)aa ham'i+ ham'i+ hais hais men&a*i men&a*ia,* a,*an an hasil +i&i0 +i&i0 +i&i las mena-i ele*. $. Peme+ Peme+ian ian ahan ahan ,amah ,amah )an& ,e+lal ,e+lalu u an)a* an)a* men&a*i men&a*ia,* a,*an an +i&i las mena-i ,eal sehin&&a susah un,u* -ileleh*an *emali. <. Saa,
'en&elasan/
l&am
in-u*
)an& an&
,i-a i-a*
mele eleleh leh
sem' em'u+na
men&a*ia,*an l&am isiian ,i-a* -a'a, men )a,u -en&an l&am in-u*. #. LenLen-u, u,an an0l 0len en-u -u,a ,an n 'a-a 'a-a hasil hasil *e+a *e+a -ise -isea a*a *an n leh leh *si *si&e &en n )an& )an& ,e+'e+an&*a' -i en-a *e+a. !. Peme+ Peme+ian ian O*si&en O*si&en )an& )an& ,e+lal ,e+lalu u ana)* ana)* men&a* men&a*ia ia,*a ,*an n lasan mena-i mena-i e+n&&a -an mu-ah e+luan&. e+luan&.
PERHITUNGAN
A-a'un 'e+hi,un&an -a+i las lis,+i* SMA4 a-alah sea&ai e+i*u, : P H 1 mm L H < mm , H < mm ,e&an&an EH22 @l, A+us I H # Am'e+e 4a*,u T H 1! -e,i* Ele*,+-a P H "< mm D H 2.# mm
@lum ele*,+-a @ H + 2, ".1$ F (1." 2 F "< H 1/=
9ea, in'u, H =
P E x I = V V
p 350 mm V = = =0,0205 m / s t 17 detik
H =
P 220 V x 60 A = = 643,9 kJ / m V 0,0205 m / s
PROSEDUR KERA
A:a530 5r*s):3r /)r4a :ari 5ra/ti/3m (as (istri/ sma< :a0 *a< s)baai b)ri/3t Las Listri/ 8SMA;
A-a'un '+se-u+ *e+a 'a- alas lis,+i* SMA4 a-alah: a Sia'*an Sia'*an ala, -an -an ahan )an& )an& meli'u,i meli'u,i 'la, 'la, aa/ ele*,+ ele*,+-a -a / 'alu/ 'alu/ mesin las las se+,a mea las. 9i-u'*an mesin las -en&an memu,a+ sa*la+ 'a-a a&ian ela*an& mesin 3 A+us )an& )an& -i&una* -i&una*an an D; -a+i -a+i 'anel a+us a+us A; A; -i+uah -i+uah *e D; melalui melalui ,+a6 ,+a6 las - Pilih Pilih a+us a+us # # am'e am'e+e +e e Pla Pla+i +i,a ,ass D;RP D;RP; ; 6 Pasan&*an Pasan&*an *lem *lem massa 'a-a *a,u *a,u 'si,i6 'si,i6 -an s,an& s,an& las 'a-a *a,u *a,u ne&a,i6 ne&a,i6 & Le,a**an Le,a**an en-a en-a *e+a *e+a 'a-a mea mea *e+a )an& ,elah -isia'* -isia'*an. an. h Guna*a Guna*an n helem helem las las a,au a,au *a3a *a3a ma,a ma,a las i Pasan& Pasan&*an *an ele*,+ ele*,+-a -a 'a-a 'a-a se,an se,an& & las las La*u*an 'en&elasan sesuai ins,+u*si -a+i asis,en a,au 'en&a5as * Ma,i Ma,i*a *an n mes mesin in las las l Gulu Gulun n& *a *ael las las m e+sih e+sih*an *an +uan& +uan&an an *e+a *e+a n Kemali Kemali*an *an ala, ala, > ala, ala, 'a-a 'a-a ,em'a ,em'a,n) ,n)aa
!.1.2 Las O=i7 A?)t)(i0) )(:i0 8OA;
1. Ala, Ala, -an -an ah ahan an -is -isia' ia'*a *an. n. 2. Se,, Se,,in in& & ,e*a ,e*ana nan n *e+a *e+a..
a. Ka,u' Ka,u' &as *si& *si&en en -an a3e,)l a3e,)lene ene 'a-a 'a-a ,+3h -iu* -iu*aa sehin&&a sehin&&a &as &as )an& ,e+'e+an&*a' -i-alam selan& -a'a, *elua+. . Ka,u' &as *si&en -an a3e,)lene 'a-a ,+3h -i,u,u'. -i,u,u'. 3. Ka,u' u,ama 'a-a ,aun& ,aun& *si&en *si&en -an a3e,)lene a3e,)lene -iu*a -iu*a.. -. Ka,u Ka,u' ' +e&ul +e&ula, a,++ *si& *si&en en -iu*a -iu*a -an -ia,u -ia,u++ 'a-a 'a-a ,e*ana ,e*anan n 2< 'si -an -an un,u* a3e,)lene -iu*a -an -ia,u+ 'a-a ,e*anan < 'si. ". Men) Men)al ala* a*an an A'i Las Las a. Ka,u' Ka,u' a3e,)l a3e,)lene ene 'a-a 'a-a ,+3h ,+3h -iu*a -iu*a.. . A'i 'a-a 'eman,i* -in)ala*an 'a-a uun& nle ,+3h. 3. Ka,u Ka,u' ' *si& *si&en en 'a-a 'a-a ,+3 ,+3h h -iu -iu*a *a 'e+la 'e+laha han0l n0lah ahan an hin& hin&&a &a men3a men3a'a 'aii 3am'u+an a'i ne,+al. $. Mem Mema,i* a,i*an an A'i Las Las a. Ka,u' Ka,u' *si *si&en &en 'a-a 'a-a ,+3 ,+3h h -i,u, -i,u,u' u' +a'a +a'a,. ,. . Ka,u' a3e,)lene 'a-a ,+3h -i,u,u' +a'a, hin&&a a'i 'a-a uun& uun& nle 'a-am. <. Gulun& *eel las #. e+sih*an ,em'a, *e+a
!.2
Pr*s):3r B)0:a K)r4a
!.2.1 Pr*s):3r B)0:a K)r4a Las Listri/ SMA
1.
Ala, -an ahan -isia sia'*an.
2.
Seelum Seelum 'e*e+ 'e*e+aan aan -imula -imulaii sia'* sia'*an an -an -an 'e+i 'e+i*sa *sa ala, ala, u,ama u,ama -an semua semua 'e+a 'e+ala,a la,an n an,un)a.
".
Guna Guna*a *an n Ala, Ala, 'elin 'elin-u -un& n& )an& )an& ,elah ,elah -ise-ise-ia ia*a *an/ n/ se'e+ se'e+,i ,i *a3a *a3a ma, alas/ alas/ a'+n a'+n// mas*e+ -an ,'en& ,ua.
$.
9uun& 9uun&*an *an Kael Kael 'a-a 'a-a se,an& se,an& las -an *ael *ael 'a-a 'a-a *elem *elem masaa masaa *e mesin mesin Las. Las.
Gambar &! (a *i+i 'ene'i, ele*,-a -an ( *anan *lem massa
<.
enen-aa *e+ *e+aa -i&a -i&a+i +iss -en& -en&an an 'en 'en&& &&+ +es es men mena a-i -i " a& a&ian ian..
Gambar &" &+es mena-i < a&ian
#. en-a *e+a -ile,a**an 'a-a mea *e+a. !. La*u*an 'en&elasan men&i*u,i &a+is )an& a-a sean)a* < &a+is -en&an 3a+a men)en,uh*an ele*,+-a *e en-a *e+a )an& e+sen,uhan -en&an mea *e+a/ sehin&&a memen,u* &ama+ se'e+,i -ia5ah ini :
Gama+ 7# S'esimen Las SMA4
=. . Se,elah -ilas uan& *e+a* > *e+a* *e+a* 'en&elasa 'en&elasan n -en&an -en&an men* men** * a&ian a&ian )an& )an& -i las men&&una*an 'alu a&a+ hasil lasan ,e+liha, 7. Din& Din&in in*a *an n en en-a -a *e+a *e+a
!.2.2 Las O=i A?>t)(i0) )((:i0 8OA; 8OA;
a Ala, Ala, -an -an ah ahan an -is -isia' ia'*a *an. n. Seelum 'e*e+aan -imulai sia'*an -an 'e+i*sa ala, u,ama -an semua 'e+ala,an an,un)a. 3 Guna*a Guna*an n Ala, Ala, 'elin-un& 'elin-un& )an& )an& ,elah -ise-ia -ise-ia*an *an// se'e+,i se'e+,i *a3a ma,a alas/ alas/ a'+n/ mas*e+ -an ,'en& ,ua. - Kael 'a-a se,an& se,an& las las -ihuun& -ihuun&*an *an *e *u,u ne&a,i8e ne&a,i8e mesin mesin las. e u*a *+an *+an 'a-a 'a-a ,aun& ,aun& *si&en *si&en /*+an /*+an 'a-a 'a-a +e&ula,+ +e&ula,+ -i 'as,i*an 'as,i*an ,e+,u,u ,e+,u,u' ' -en&an ,e*anan 2Psi 6
u*a u*a *+an *+an +e&ul +e&ula, a,++ 'a-a 'a-a +e&ula +e&ula,+ ,+ *si *si&en &en -an -an a&e!lene sam'ai a&e!lene sam'ai -en&an ,e*anan *e+a sam'ai < Psi
& Pa-a Pa-a mil- s,eel s,eel -i lu*is +i&i0+ +i&i0+i&i i&i las )an& )an& a*an -i*e+ -i*e+a* a*an an -an -en&an -en&an u*u+an )an& ,elah -i ,en,u*an h u*a u*a *+an *+an 'a-a 'a-a ,aun ,aun& & a&e!lene i
N)al N)ala* a*an an a'i a'i 'a'a-aa !o"&h -en&an !o"&h -en&an man3is se+,a a,u+ 'ene,+asi 'a-a a'i
en-a *e+a -i&a+is men&&una*an 'en&&+es mena-i " a&ian.
Gambar &$ &+es mena-i 1 a&ian
* en-a en-a *e+a *e+a -ile -ile,a* ,a**an *an 'a-a 'a-a mea mea *e+a *e+a.. l
La*u*a La*u*an n 'en&ela 'en&elasan san men&i men&i*u, *u,ii &a+is &a+is )an& a-a sean) sean)a* a* " &a+i 'e+,am 'e+,amaa ,an'a men&&una*an ahan 'en&isi.
Gambar &% s'esimen OA4
m La*u*a La*u*an n 'en&el 'en&elasa asan n men&i* men&i*u,i u,i &a+is &a+is )an& )an& a-a sean)a sean)a* * < &a+is &a+is *e-ua *e-ua men&&una*an ahan 'en&isi. n Din& Din&in in*a *an n en en-a -a *e+ *e+a. a.
BAB V PENUTUP
KESIMPULAN Pen&elasan a-alah '+ses 'en)amun&an -ua a,au leih l&am -en&an sume+ 'anas. Pa-a 'en&elasan memu,uh*an *eahlian -an *e,e+am'ilan se+,a 'en&alaman un,u* mem'e+leh hasil 'en&elaasan )an& )an& ai*. Dalam 'en&elasan memu,uh*an 'en&a,u+an a+us 'en&elasan/ ele*,+-a/ -an su-u, 'en&elasan se+,a enis a'i )an& -i&una*an ha+us -isesuai*an 'a-a 'a-a 'en&elasan a5
SARAN Pa*ailah 'e+len&*a'an *eselama,an *e+a seelum mela*u*an 'en&elasan. Pas,i*an lin&*un&an se*i,a+ an-a mela*u*an 'en&elasan ,i-a* a-a e* )an& mu-ah ,e+a*a+ -an mele-a*.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. .9. .9. Ams,e Ams,eaa-// Phil Philli li' ' %. Os,5a Os,5all-// M)+ M)+n n L. e&em e&eman an// Manu(a&!u"ng P"o&esses/ P"o&esses/ Se8en,h E-i,in/ Jhn 4ile) Sns In3./ Ne5 +*/ 17!7. 2. %lem lemin&s in&s// M.; M.;.Sold(&a!on P"o&essng / Ne5 +* : M3G+a509ill/ 17!$ , 17!$ , ". 9a+sn 9a+sn 4i+) 4i+)su suma+ ma+,/ ,/ T Tshie shie O*umu+a/ O*umu+a/ Teknolog Pengelasan Logam/ Logam / ;e,a*an Keenam/ PT P+a-n)a Pa+ami,a/ Ja*a+,a/ J a*a+,a/ 177$. 3. Kal'a* Kal'a*ian ian// Manu(a&!u"ng Engnee"ng and Te&hnolog Te&hnolog// Thi+- E-i,in/ A--isn04esle) Pulishin& ;m'an)/ Ne5 +*/ 177<. 4. Mi*ell P. G+8e+/ 5undamen!als G+8e+/ 5undamen!als o( Mode"n Manu(a&!u"ng / P+en,i3e09all In,e+na,inal/ In3./ Ne5 Je+se)/ 177#. 6. Me Me!a !all 0and 0and#o #ook ok,, 7,h e-. @l. 1$ : 5o"mng : 5o"mng and 5o"gng. Me,al 5o"gng. Me,al Pa+*/ Ohi: ASM In,e+na,inal/ 17==. 7. Ta,a Ta,a Su+-ia/ Su+-ia/ Keni ;hii5a/ Teknk Penge&o"an Logam/ Logam / ;e,a*an Ke,uuh/ PT P+a-n)a Pa+ami,a/ Ja*a+,a/ 177#.
