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4( Bhqrmavnnbþh
@d Qrdh~bnbþh F~sdôm`d f~ f` sfrbmam af ndiobm~ fh F~sdôd fh f` tvf f` sdé~ afed dqrä~ f` râkbifh abnqdqmrbd` af` kfhfrd` Jrdhnb~nm Jrdhnm4, sd~dham d rfkbr~f smr `d Nmh~qbqvnbþh F~sdôm`d af 42;7, tvf nmh~dkrd vh F~qdam ~mnbd` afimnräqbnm af Afrfngm 'Lvrvq~ >5?344"(
Nmim zfrfim~ zfrfim~ d `m `drkm af f~qf qrdodem, `d ivfrqf af Jrdhnb~nm Jrdhnm ~vsv~m ~vsv~m vh ndiobm rdabnd`, sfrm hm qmqd`, fh f` ~b~qfid sm`éqbnm ~mnbd` af F~sdôd(
?( @d ivfrqf af` kfhfrd` Jrdhnm '42;6" Nmh `d ivfrqf af` abnqdamr, f` Nmh~fem af _fkfhnbd ? d~vibþ `d~ jvhnbmhf~ af `d Efjdqvrd af` F~qdam, af dnvfram nmh f` drqénv`m 44 af `d @f Mrkähbnd af` F~qdam >, adam tvf f` _f ~f fhnmhqrdod fh Diârbnd, f` Sréhnbsf Jf`bsf, gfrfafrm af `d Nmrmhd, hm qfhéd `d fada rftvfrbad smr `d @f Mrkähbnd( F` ?? af hmzbfiorf, am~ aéd~ af~svâ~, ~f srmn`diþ rf d Evdh Ndr`m~ B af Omroþh dhqf `d~ Nmrqf~ f` Nmh~fem af` _fbhm 'F` Sdé~, 42;:" 42;6 'Lvrvq~ >5?344"(
Evdh Ndr`m~ B jvf srmn`didam rf ~bh ~d`br~f af `m~ ndvnf~ af `d `fkd`bada jrdhtvb~qd( D~é, evrþ jbaf`bada d `m~ Srbhnbsbm~ af` Imzbibfhqm qmiþ `d sm~f~bþh af `d nmrmhd dhqf `d~ Nmrqf~ jrdhtvb~qd~ 'Jfrrdham Odaéd, >75 427;"(
F` _f rdqbjbnþ d` Srf~bafhqf af` Kmobfrhm af` râkbifh jrdhtvb~qd, Ndr`m~ Drbd~ Hdzdrrm( F` hmiordibfhqm af Drbd~ Hdzdrrm mjrfnéd vh sdhmrdid nmhqbhvb~qd hm zdqbnbhdod zdqbnbhdod krdhaf~ krdhaf~ qrdh~jmridnbmhf qrdh~jmridnbmhf~~ sm`éqbnd~( sm`éqbnd~( Drbd~ Hdzdrrm, iä~ sdrqbadrbm af vh 4
Dvhtvf `m~ gb~qmrbdamrf~ hm ~f smhfh af dnvfram( @d msbhbþh idmrbqärbd f~ tvf ~f bhbnbþ nmh `d ivfrqf af` kfhfrd` Jrdhnm, f` ?3 af hmzbfiorf af 42;6 'Lvrvq~ >5?344"( ? F` Nmh~fem af _fkfhnbd f~qdod bhqfkrdam, smr f` srf~bafhqf af `d~ Nmrqf~ af` Nmh~fem af` _fbhm, Jfrhähafu) Ibrdhad< f` srf`dam af idmr efrdrtvéd dhqbkðfada nmh~fefrm af` _fbhm, imh~fômr Ndhqfrm Nvdardam, f` qfhbfhqf kfhfrd` fh dnqbzm af idmr dhqbkðfada af `m~ Feârnbqm~ af Qbfrrd, Idr Dbrf, tvf frd f` qfhbfhqf kfhfrd` ^d`d~ @drrduäod`( > @f Mrkähbnd af` F~qdam, hõifrm 4-42:;, af 43 af fhfrm( F~qdo`fnf abngd ab~sm~bnbþh tvf avrdhqf `d~ dv~fhnbd~ af` efjf af` F~qdam af` qfrrbqmrbm hdnbmhd` d~vibrä ~v~ jvhnbmhf~ ¬f` gfrfafrm af `d Nmrmhd ~b `m gvobfrf jvf~f idmr af qrfbhqd dôm~ m, fh ~v afjfnqm, f` Nmh~fem af _fkfhnbd¼(
>
kmobfrhm ib`bqdr, srmhqm ~bhqbþ `d~ abjbnv`qdaf~ af `d srf~bafhnbd, ``fzþ ~v abib~bþh d` rf f` aéd 4 af ev`bm af 42;: 'Qv~f`` >??5?33>", ~bfham rf`fzdam fh ~v ndrkm smr Dam` Dam`jm jm ^värf ^värfu, u, tvbfh tvbfh ~f fhndrk fhndrkdré drédd af ngdr`d ngdr`drr nmh nmh `m~ `m~ `éafr `éafrf~ f~ sm`éq sm`éqbnm bnm~~ af `d msb~bnþh 'Imräh 4?25?332", af ndrd d bh~qdvrdr vh râkbifh afimnräqbnm fh F~sdôd 'Qv~f`` >135?33>"(
F~qm ~f `mkrþ f`domrdham vhd hvfzd @f Jvhadifhqd` 1, tvf jvf dsrmodad smr `d~ Nmrqf~6 ~mifqbad d rfjfrâhavi f` aéd 46 af abnbfiorf af 42;: srmiv`kdad f` 1 af fhfrm af 42;;( F~qd hmrid afrmkdod qänbqdifhqf f` ~b~qfid sm`éqbnm jrdhtvb~qd fh nbhnm drqénv`m~, f~qdo`fnéd vhd hvfzd f~qrvnqvrd af `d~ Nmrqf~, jmridad smr am~ Näidrd~ Näidrd~<< f` Nmhkr Nmhkrf~m f~m af `m~ Absvqd Absvqdam~ am~ f` ^fhdam ^fhdam ‑þrkdhm ‑þrkdhm nmis`f nmis`fqdif qdifhqf hqf bhõqb`: ‑ vhd nmhzmndqmrbd af f`fnnbmhf~ afimnräqbnd~(
>( F`fnnbmhf~ afimnräqbnd~ '42;;" F` 46 af evhb evhbm m af 42;; 2;; ; ~f nf`fordr nf`fordrmh mh `d~ srbifrd~ srbifrd~ f`fnnbm f`fnnbmhf~ hf~ afimnr afimnräqbn äqbnd~ d~ sdr`difhqdrbd~ sdr`difhqdrbd~ 'Daibhb~qrdnbþ 'Daibhb~qrdnbþh h Sõo`bnd, Sõo`bnd, 1?54227"( 1?54227"( Frdh `d~ srbifrd~ srbifrd~ f`fnnbmhf~ f`fnnbmhf~ afimnräqbnd~ af~af `d Kvfrrd Nbzb`(
^värfu, s`dhqfþ idhbtvfdifhqf `d~ f`fnnbmhf~ nmim vhd afnb~bþh fhqrf f` imaf`m af ~mnbfa ~mnbfada da mnnbafh mnnbafhqd` qd` srmsvk srmsvkhda hdam m smr VNA, VNA, f` idrwb~q idrwb~qd)rf d)rfzm` zm`vnbm vnbmhdrb hdrbm m af` S^MF, af imam tvf f~qdod fh evfkm ~b F~sdôd gdoéd af ~fr vh sdé~ mnnbafhqd` m idrngdr idrngdr gdnbd f` nm`fnqbz nm`fnqbzb~im b~im(( Af f~qd f~qd jmrid, jmrid, f` sdrqbam sdrqbam `bafrdam `bafrdam smr Dam`jm Dam`jm ^värfu, ^värfu, @d Vhbþh af Nfhqrm Afimnräqbnm rf~v`qþ f` sdrqbam iä~ zmqdam, dvhtvf hm d`ndhuþ `d idmréd do~m`vqd jvf f` sdrqbam fhndrkdam af jmridr kmobfrhm '@dkm Sfôd~ 4;25?336"(
1
@d mnqdzd Hm ~bh qfh~bmhf~ : Nmim abnf @`didudrf~< /~b gd d`km bhõqb` fh f~qf sdé~ f~ f` ^fhdam/ 'Fvrmsd Srf~~, ?344" ; Nvdrfhqd vh dôm~ af~svâ~ af `d~ õ`qbid~ f`fnnbmhf~ kfhfrd`f~ fh F~sdôd nf`fordad~ avrdhqf `d ^fkvhad _fsõo`bnd, `m~ f~sdôm`f~ zm`zédh d afnbabr ~v af~qbhm fh `d~ vrhd~( 6
1
Jf`bsf Kmhuä`fu, Kmhuä`fu, tvf `bafrdod f` S^MF, moqvom `d ~fkvhad ~fkvhad sm~bnbþh nmh nd~b 4?3 f~ndôm~, drrfodqdham `d gfkfimhéd fh `d butvbfrad d` SNF 'Sdrqbam Nmivhb~qd af F~sdôd F~sdôd", ", tvf `bafrdam `bafrdam smr ^dhqbdkm ^dhqbdkm Ndrrb``m Ndrrb``m,, moqvzm moqvzm f` qfrnfr qfrnfr svf~qm svf~qm nmh 42 absvqdam~( Idhvf` Jrdkd, ibhb~qrm af Qvrb~im avrdhqf `m~ dôm~ af` af~drrm``b~im jrdhtvb~qd , fwzbnfsrf~bafhqf fwibhb~qrm af Bhqfrbmr af` srbifr kmobfrhm af` rf Evdh Ndr`m~, `bafrþ `d Jfafrdnbþh af Sdrqbam~ af D`bdhud Smsv`dr tvf, rfsrf~fhqdham d` jrdhtvb~im ~mnbm`þkbnm, moqvzm 4: absvqdam~ 'Kd``fkm 642 6?35 4224"(
1( @m~ kmobfrhm~ af `d V(N(A( '42;;)427?"
D~é nmifhuþ nmifhuþ f` srmnf~ srmnf~m m af nmh~qrvnn nmh~qrvnnbþh bþh af `d Afimn Afimnrdnbd rdnbd fh F~sdôd F~sdôd,, f` : af abnbfiorf abnbfiorf af 42;7 ~f dsrmoþ fh rfjfrâhavi rfjfrâhavi `d Nmh~qbqvnbþh Nmh~qbqvnbþh F~sdôm`d, F~sdôm`d, fhqrdham fh zbkmr f` ?2 af abnbfiorf 'Lvrvq~ 15?344"(
@m~ dôm~ 42;: d 427? jvfrmh abjénb`f~ sdrd `d fnmhmiéd f~sdôm`d, afobam d jdnqmrf~ bhqfrhm~ fwqfrhm~, nmim `d nrb~b~ af` sfqrþ`fm af 42;> 'Lvrvq~ 15?344"(
D srbhnbsbm~ af 4274 abibqbþ Dam`jm ^värfu, qmam dsvhqd d tvf ~f afobþ d ~v id`d rf`dnbþh nmh f` _f 'Imräh ?775 ?332"( Nvdham f` Sdr`difhqm f~qdod f`bkbfham d vh ~vnf~mr, f` ?> af jforfrm, f~ nvdham ~f bhqfhqþ f` srbifrm km`sf af F~qdam af `d afimnrdnbd( F` km`sf7, nmhmnbam nmim ?>J, jrdnd~þ 'Nfhqrm af Bhzf~qbkdnbmhf~ ^mnbm`þkbnd~, >7354276"(
Fh `m~ õ`qbim~ imifhqm~ af` kmobfrhm af VNA, af vhd jmrid iv nmhqrmzfrqbad, Nd`zm)^mqf`m nmh~bkvbþ tvf f` Sdr`difhqm dvqmrbud~f f` bhkrf~m af F~sdôd fh `d MQDH2 'Nfhqrm af Bhzf~qbkdnbmhf~ ^mnbm`þkbnd~, >7354276"(
@d~ qfh~bmhf~ bhqfrhd~ af `d VNA srmzmndrmh ~v af~bhqfkrdnbþh d `m `drkm af 4274 427?( F` ~fkifhqm afimnrb~qbdhm ~f bhqfkrþ nmh D`bdhud Smsv`dr, sd~dham d~é d 7
Abrbkbam smr Dhqmhbm Qfefrm, D`jmh~m Dridad Edbif Ib`dh~ af` Om~ng, fhqrf mqrm~( F` 43 af abnbfiorf af 4274 ~f jbridod fh Orv~f`d~ f` srmqmnm`m af dagf~bþh d `d Mrkdhbudnbþh af` Qrdqdam Dq`ähqbnm af` Hmrqf( ‐Dhqf~ af f~d jfngd `m~ ~mnbd`b~qd~ nmh~bafrdodh `d~ rf`dnbmhf~ fhqr fhqrf f FF(V FF(VV V Jrdh Jrdhnm nm nmim nmim vhd vhd ~vom ~vomra rabh bhdn dnbþ bþh h af `d ~mof ~mofrd rdhé héd d f~sd f~sdôm ôm`d `d vh dsm dsmm m f~qdamvhbafh~f d `d abnqdavrd jrdhtvb~qd’ 'Nfhqrm af Bhzf~qbkdnbmhf~ ^mnbm`þkbnd~, >7354276"( 2
6
mnvs mnvsdr dr `d jrdh jrdhed ed af nfhq nfhqrm rm)a )afr frfn fngd gd(( Smr Smr mqrm mqrm `dam `dam,, `m~ `m~ iä~ iä~ nfrn nfrndh dhm~ m~ d `d ~mnbd`afimnrdnbd ~f vhbfrmh d `d~ jb`d~ af` S^MF 43(
F` jbhd` af `d Qrdh~bnbþh `d smafim~ bhafhqbjbndr nmh `d dsrmodnbþh af `d hvfzd nmh~qbqvnbþh af 42;7, m fh mnqvorf af 427?, nvdham f` S^MF kdhd `d~ f`fnnbmhf~ 'Lvrvq~ >5?344"(
6( @m~ kmobfrhm~ af` S^MF '427?)422:"
F` S^MF moqvzm `d idmréd do~m`vqd sdr`difhqdrbd fh `d~ f`fnnbmhf~ kfhfrd`f~ af 427?, mnvsdham ?3? af `m~ >63 f~ndôm~( Smr srbifrd zfu af~af 42>:, vh sdrqbam nmh~bafrdam af butvbfrad~ jmridod kmobfrhm 'Odrrfad Omrkf Ordzm ?635 ?33:"(
@d moqfhnbþh af qrf~ idmréd~ do~m`vqd~ nmh~fnvqbzd~ '427?, 427: 4272" sfribqbþ d` S^MF kmofrhdr ~bh sdnqdr nmh mqrd~ jvfrud~ sm`éqbnd~, `m tvf sfribqbþ d` sdé~ vh `drkm rf~sbrm af qrdhtvb`bada f~qdob`bada sm`éqbnd, qrd~ `m~ bhqfh~m~ dôm~ af `d qrdh~bnbþh(
Avrdh Avrdhqf qf f` kmob kmobfr frhm hm af` af` S^MF S^MF ~f srma srmavn vnbré brédd `d bhqfk bhqfkrdn rdnbþh bþh fh `d Nmiv Nmivhba hbada da Fnmhþi Fnmhþibnd bnd Fvrmsf Fvrmsfdd 'NFF" 'NFF"44 'Zfrd 'Zfrd Dsdrbnb Dsdrbnbm m 4:;5 4:;5 ?332", ?332", bhzfr~bm bhzfr~bmhf~ hf~ ~mnbd`f ~mnbd`f~~ 'f~sfnbd`ifhqf 'f~sfnbd`ifhqf fh Favndnbþh Favndnbþh ^dhbada", ^dhbada", f` af~drrm``m af~drrm``m af `d mrkdhbudnbþh mrkdhbudnbþh qfrrbqmrbd` dvqmhþibnd `d imafrhbudnbþh af `d~ bhjrdf~qrvnqvrd~(
@d FWSM af ^fzb``d m `m~ Evfkm~ M`éisbnm~ af Odrnf`mhd fh 422?, mjrfnbfrmh vhd bidkfh ~þ`bad imafrhd af F~sdôd 'Ndr`m~ Sfrfbrd, ?>75 ?33>"(
Avrdhqf f~qf sfrbmam gvom vh krdh hõifrm af dqfhqdam~ af `d odhad qfrrmrb~qd FQD, `m~ nvd`f~ nvd`f~ bodh bodh abrbkba abrbkbam~ m~ f~sfnbd f~sfnbd`if `ifhqf hqf nmhqrd nmhqrd ibfior ibfiorm~ m~ af` feârnbqm feârnbqm af `d~ jvfr jvfrud ud~~ af ~fkv ~fkvrb rbad ada( a( Smr Smr mqrm mqrm `dam `dam,, fh 4221 4221 ~d`b ~d`bfr frmh mh d `d `vu `vu `m~ `m~ Krvs Krvsm~ m~ Dhqbqfr Dhqbqfrrmrb rmrb~qd ~qd~~ af @bofrd @bofrdnbþh nbþh 'KD@", 'KD@", tvf tvf ifabdhq ifabdhqff f` qfrrmrb~ qfrrmrb~im im af F~qdam F~qdam,, ~f 43 44
:
Sdrqbam ^mnbd`b~qd Morfrm F~sdôm`( Dnqvd`ifhqf Vhbþh Fvrmsfd, fh f` 4 af fhfrm af 427:(
afabndodh d `d `vngd nmhqrd FQD( Dafiä~, ivngm~ nd~m~ af nmrrvsnbþh 4? af ndrkm~ sõo`bnm~ da~nrbqm~ d` S^MF, af~kd~qdrmh `d bidkfh sõo`bnd af` sdrqbam( F` f`fzdam af~fis`fm af~fis`fm f` bhnbsbfhqf f~qdhndibfhqm fnmhþibnm, fnmhþibnm, tvf hm bhbnbþ ~v rfnvsfrdnbþh rfnvsfrdnbþh gd~qd 4222 ‑nvdham `d qd~d af af~fis`fm af~nfhabþ af` ?>& d` 46&‑ gbnbfrmh f` rf~qm( D~é, qrd~ `d~ f`fnnbmhf~ kfhfrd`f~ af 422:, f` Sdrqbam Smsv`dr `bafrdam smr Em~â Idréd Duhdr, nmh~bkvbþ `d idmréd ~bis`f, sfrm ~vjbnbfhqf sdrd smafr kmofrhdr nmh dsmm~ fwqfrhm~ 'Sdrfaf~ D`mh~m 2;45 ?331"(
:( @m~ kmobfrhm~ af` SS '422:)?331"
F` ~bk`m WWB ~f f~qrfhþ nmh `m~ dqdtvf~ qfrrmrb~qd~ af` 44 af ~fsqbfiorf af ?334, tvf ``fzdrmh d Em~f Idréd Duhdr d bis`bndr~f af `d idhm af Kfmrkf [( Ov~g Qmh O`dbr 'f` ``didam qrém af `d~ dumrf~" fh `d Kvfrrd af Djkdhb~qäh `d bhzd~bþh af Brdl(
Af~af `d fhqrdad af` Fvrm, f` 4 af fhfrm af ?33?, F~sdôd fwsfrbifhqþ vhd bhj`dnbþh abjfrfhnbd` sm~bqbzd nmh rf~sfnqm d `m~ afiä~ sdé~f~ fvrmsfm~ 'Zbzd~, _dimha Idqd~ b Srdq >>5 ?33;"(
@d bhzd~bþh af Brdl `d hfjd~qd kf~qbþh af` dqfhqdam af` 44 af idrum af ?331 fh Idarba, Idarba, amhaf amhaf ivrbfrm ivrbfrmh h 424 424 sfr~mh sfr~mhd~, d~, srmzmn srmzmndrm drmh h vh ab~qdhn ab~qdhnbdib bdibfhq fhqm m fhqrf fhqrf f` kmobfrhm krdh sdrqf af `d msbhbþh sõo`bnd f~sdôm`d tvf af~fiomnþ fh `d `d zbnqmrbd af` S^MF( Dhqf~ af` dqfhqdam, `d~ fhnvf~qd~ af bhqfhnbþh af zmqm im~qrdodh vh dnfrndibfhqm af` S^MF d` SS, f bhn`v~m vh fisdqf qânhbnm 'Zfrkf If~qrf ;;5 ?33;"( D~é, qrd~ `d~ f`fnnbmhf~ kfhfrd`f~ nf`fordad~ f` 41 af idrum af ?331, Em~â @vb~ _marékvfu Udsdqfrm ~f nmhzbrqbþ fh f` tvbhqm srf~bafhqf af` kmobfrhm af `d afimnrdnbd(
;( @m~ kmobfrhm~ af` S^MF '?331)?34?" 4?
Af fhqrf qmam~ f``m~, ndof af~qdndr< f` ‗Nd~m Jb`f~d‒ f` ‗Nd~m _m`aäh‒(
;
Udsdqfrm rfqbrþ d `d~ qrmsd~ f~sdôm`d~ tvf sfridhfnédh fh Brdl, `m tvf srmavem vh fhjrbdi fhjrbdibfhq bfhqm m fh `d~ rf`dnbmh rf`dnbmhf~ f~ abs`mi abs`miäqbn äqbnd~ d~ nmh `m~ F~qdam F~qdam~~ Vhbam~ Vhbam~ '@bofrq '@bofrqda da Abkbqd`, ?336"(
F` 2 af idrum af ?337 f` S^MF zm`zbþ d kdhdr `d~ f`fnnbmhf~, nmh 4:2 f~ndôm~ '6 iä~ tvf fh `d~ f`fnnbmhf~ af ?331" jrfhqf d `m~ 461 af` Sdrqbam Smsv`dr Smsv`dr ': iä~ tvf fh `d~ f`fnnbmh f`fnnbmhf~ f~ af ?331"( ?331"( @m~ @m~ sdrqbam sdrqbam~~ hdnbmhd hdnbmhd`b~q `b~qd~ d~ ~vjrbfr ~vjrbfrmh mh vh bismrqdh bismrqdhqf qf af~nfh~m, d fwnfsnbþh af NBV tvf idhqvzm ~v~ 43 absvqdam~( Butvbfrad Vhbad sfrabþ ~v krvsm sdr`difhqdrbm srmsbm fh f` Nmhkrf~m af `m~ Absvqdam~, d` moqfhfr ~m`di ~m`difh fhqf qf ? f~ndô f~ndôm~ m~(( @d~ @d~ f`fnn f`fnnbm bmhf hf~~ af ?337 ?337 nmh~ nmh~m` m`bad badrm rmh h rfjmr rfjmrudr udrmh mh f` obsdrqbab~im 'Ndafhd ^fr, ?337"( Af~af ib svhqm af zb~qd, fh f~qd emrhdad f`fnqmrd` hm sfrafrä f` S^MF, ~bhm `d afimnrdnbd(
Gd~qd `d nrb~b~ af jbhd`f~ ?337 srbhnbsbm~ ?332, `d fnmhmiéd f~sdôm`d gd f~qdam zbzbfham f` sfrémam af nrfnbibfhqm fnmhþibnm, avrdhqf `m~ dôm~ 4221 ?33;, od~dam jvhadifhqd`ifhqf fh f` ~fnqmr af `d nmh~qrvnnbþh 'Nd~b`ad Oâedr 4735 ?337"(
F` ~fkvham idhadqm af Udsdqfrm, idrndam smr `d rfnf~bþh, f` nm`ds~m af` ~fnqmr jbhdhnbfrm jbhdhnbfrm 'tvbfordh @fgidh Ormqgfr~ Ormqgfr~ Ifrrb`` @hng" smr `d afodn`f af` ~fnqmr bhimo bhimob`b b`bdrb drbm, m, srmz srmzmn mndrm drmh h f` afqfr afqfrbmr bmrm m af `d fnmh fnmhmi miéd éd hdnbm hdnbmhd hd`` vh räsbam räsbam nrfnbibfhqm af` af~fis`fm(
Udsd Udsdqf qfrm rm ds`b ds`bnþ nþ sm` sm`éqbn éqbnd~ d~ af f~qé f~qéiv iv`m `m fnmh fnmhþ þibnm ibnm sdrd sdrd `vng `vngdr dr nmhq nmhqrd rd `d af~dnf`frdnbþh fnmhþibnd, nmim f` ‗S`dh F‒, fh `m~ dôm~ ?337 ?332< d sm`éqbnd~ af rfnmrqf srf~vsvf~qdrbm, avrdhqf ?343 ?344, `d~ idmrf~ af `d gb~qmrbd rfnbfhqf 'Ndod``frm Ibhkvfu Kdrud Kb` 4:75 ?343"(
7( ½Nvä ½Nvä`f `f~~ gdh gdh ~bam ~bam `m~ `m~ sr srbh bhnb nbsd sd`f `f~~ `mkr `mkrm~ m~ ~mnb ~mnbd` d`f~ f~ fh `d
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7
@d f~qdob`bada sm`éqbnd fnmhþibnd af` srbifr sfrémam fh f` tvf kmofrhþ f` S^MF, sfribqbþ f` af~drrm``m af vh srmkrdid srmkrf~b~qd, qmqd`ifhqf bisfh~do`f >3 dôm~ dqrä dqrä~~ nmh nmh f` jrdh jrdhtv tvb~ b~im im(( Dnnb Dnnbmh mhf~ f~ nmim nmim `d `fk `fkd`bu d`budn dnbþ bþh h af` af` idqr idqrbi bimh mhbm bm gmim~fwvd`4>, `d @f af `d srmimnbþh af `d dvqmhmiéd sfr~mhd` dqfhnbþh d `d~ sfr~mh sfr~mhd~ d~ fh ~bqvdnbþ ~bqvdnbþh h af afsfha afsfhafhnb fhnbdd41, `d @f sdrd `d bkvd`ada fjfnqbzd fhqrf ivefrf ivefrf~~ gmiorf gmiorf~~46 ‑tvf qdiobâh qdiobâh bhn`vf bhn`vf f` rfnmhm rfnmhmnbib nbibfhq fhqm m af` sfrib~m sfrib~m af sdqf sdqfrhb rhbad ada a `d ifem ifemrd rd af` af` af idqfr idqfrhba hbada‑ da‑,, `d nrfdn nrfdnbþh bþh af `m~ `m~ Evuk Evukda dam~ m~ af Zbm`fhnbd ~morf `d Ivefr 4:, vhd hvfzd rfkv`drbudnbþh af bhibkrdhqf~ 4;, f` bhqfhqm af srmnf~m af sdu nmh FQD „ f` jbh af `d odhad dridad fh ?344 'Dbusfm`fd, ?344"), `d @f dhqbqdodnm dhqbqdodnm47 m `d rfjmrid af F~qdqvqm~ af Dvqmhmiéd, Dvqmhmiéd, nmim f` af Ndqd`vôd42, fqn(
Qmam~ `m~ `mkrm~ ~mnbd`f~ `mkrdam~ avrdhqf `d õ`qbid aândad f~qäh fh sf`bkrm, ~b f` ?3 af hmzbfiorf, qd` nmim dsvhqdh `d~ fhnvf~qd~, ``fkd f` Sdrqbam Smsv`dr d` smafr(
F` Sdrqbam Smsv`dr, Smsv`dr, ~bh bhbnbdqbzd srmsbd, mofafnfrä d` JIB d `d Vhbþh Fvrmsfd, Fvrmsfd, rfnmrqdrä qmam~ `m~ kd~qm~ ~mnbd`f~, dvhtvf hm `m abkd ~v srmkrdid f`fnqmrd`( Fh f~qf ~fhqbam ~f idhbjf~qþ Idrbdhm _dem rfnbfhqfifhqf< /F~sdôd qfharä f` F~qdam af` obfhf~qdr tvf svfad sfribqbr~f/ '@d Nrþhbnd af Odademu, ?344"(
R f~qm f~ afobam d `d k`mod`budnbþh, ifabdhqf `d nvd` gfim~ qrd~zd~dam f` smafr af` f~qdam, ~vefqm d jrmhqfrd~ `ff~, d` ndsbqd`, ~bh jrmhqfrd~ ~bh `ff~( @d afim afimnrd nrdnbd nbd f~sd f~sdôm` ôm`dd f~qä f~qä af~qb af~qbhd hdad ad d bhzm` bhzm`vn vnbm bmhdr hdr d sdrqb sdrqbrr af ?34? ?34?(( Sdrd Sdrd fisfudr, hm~ smafim~ br af~sbabfham, nmim ~fôd`dh `m~ sfrbmab~qd~ Nd`dzbd _vbu
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Fhqrþ fh zbkmr fh `d @f 4>-?336 f` aéd 4 af ev`bm af ?336 @f >2-?33:, af 41 af abnbfiorf, af Srmimnbþh af `d Dvqmhmiéd Sfr~mhd` Dqfhnbþh d `d~ sfr~mhd~ fh ~bqvdnbþh af afsfhafhnbd( 46 @f Mrkähbnd >-?33;, af ?? af idrum, sdrd `d bkvd`ada fjfnqbzd af ivefrf~ gmiorf~( 4: @f Mrkähbnd 4-?331, af ?7 af abnbfiorf, af Ifabad~ af Srmqfnnbþh Bhqfkrd` nmhqrd `d Zbm`fhnbd af Kâhfrm( 4; _fd` Afnrfqm 66;-?344, af ?3 af dorb`, smr f` tvf ~f dsrvfod f` _fk`difhqm af `d @f Mrkähbnd 1-?333, ~morf afrfngm~ `bofrqdaf~ af `m~ fwqrdhefrm~ fh F~sdôd ~v bhqfkrdnbþh ~mnbd`, qrd~ ~v rfjmrid smr @f Mrkähbnd ?-?332( 47 @d @f 1?-?343, af >3 af abnbfiorf af ?343, iä~ nmhmnbad nmim hvfzd `f dhqbqdodnm( 42 @d rfjmrid af` F~qdqvqm af Dvqmhmiéd af Ndqd`vôd gd ~bam dsrmodad afjbhbqbzdifhqf ifabdhqf `d @f Mrkähbnd :-?33:, af 42 af ev`bm( 41
2
‐af `d favndnbþh favndnbþh sõo`bnd, af `d ~dhbada vhbzfr~d`, vhbzfr~d`, af `d~ dvad~ d `d afsfhafhnbd afsfhafhnbd?3, af `d~ sfh~bmhf~, af `d~ srmqfnnbmhf~ d `m~ qrdodedamrf~, af `m~ idqrbimhbm~ fhqrf sfr~mhd~ sfr~mhd~ af` ib~im ~fwm, ~fwm, af `d hvfzd @f af` Domrqm’ 'Nd`dzbd _vbu, ?344", ?344", af` srmfnqm af @f af Bkvd`ada af Qrdqm m af` af `d Ivfrqf Abkhd, af `d @f af Bafhqbada ^fwvd` ^fwvd`?4, af` hvfzm râkbifh af afrfngm~ dhqf f` abzmrnbm, af `d d~bkhdqvrd af favndnbþh sdrd `d nbvadadhéd, af` Bisvf~qm af` Sdqrbimhbm, vh `drkm fqnâqfrd af nmismhfhqf~ af` ``didam F~qdam af obfhf~qdr(
^b d `m~ ~mnbd`b ~mnbd`b~qd~ ~qd~,, tvf `mkrdrm `mkrdrmh h zfrada zfradafrm frm~~ dzdhnf dzdhnf~~ ~mnbd`f ~mnbd`f~, ~, gdh afedam afedam f` kmobfrhm nmh 6 ib``mhf~ af sdrdam~, nmh rfavnnbmhf~ ~d`drbd`f~ d `m~ jvhnbmhdrbm~, nmhkf` nmhkf`dha dham m `d~ sfh~bm sfh~bmhf~ hf~,, tvbqdh tvbqdham am `d dvad dvad af ?(633 ?(633 fvrm~ fvrm~ sdrd jmifhq jmifhqdr dr `d hdqd`bada, m `m~ 133 fvrm~ af rfavnnbþh af` B_SJ sdrd bisv`~dr f` nmh~vim, fqn( Vh Sdrqbam Smsv`dr kmofrhdham af `d idhm af `d abnqdavrd af `m~ ifrndam~, af `d~ sm`éqbnd~ hfmnmh~frzdamrd~ ‑tvf bhavado`fifhqf f` SS srmsmharä sdrd ~d`br af `d nrb~b~‑, `m~ f~sdôm`f~ dndodrfim~ qfhbfham afofrf~ hm afrfngm~, nmim dhqdôm( Rd tvf adrä bkvd` `m tvf gdkd _dem sdrd bhqfhqdr nd`idr d `m~ ifrndam~< â~qm~ sfa sfabr bräh äh iä~ iä~ dev~ dev~qf qf~, ~, iä~ iä~ ifab ifabad ad~, ~, ifhm ifhm~~ kd~q kd~qm m sõo` sõo`bn bnm m rfav rfavnn nnbþ bþh h af` af` fhafvadibfhqm(
^fréd ^fréd af vh dhd`jdo dhd`jdofqb~ fqb~im im srfmnvs srfmnvsdhq dhqf, f, zb~qm~ zb~qm~ `m~ rf~v`qdam~ rf~v`qdam~ af` S^MF S^MF fh f~qd õ`qbid `fkb~`dqvrd, sfh~dr tvf f``m~ ~mh `d ~m`vnbþh d` srmo`fid( Sfrm iä~ ~vrrfd`b~qd f~, tvf dhqf f~qd nrb~b~ af` imaf`m af af~rfkv`dnbþh hfm`bofrd`, nmh `d nmhhbofhnbd `d dtvbf~nfhnbd smr sdrqf af `m~ sm`éqbnm~ d hbzf` bhqfrhdnbmhd`, zddim~ d adr `d idmréd do~m`vqd d `m~ hfm`bofrd`f~ fh f` kmobfrhm fh `d~ nmivhbadaf~ dvqþhmid~(
@d nbvadadhéd hm svfaf sfridhfnfr bisd~bo`f dhqf `m~ rbf~km~ af` ~fnqmr sõo`bnm tvf ~f dzfnbhdh nmim nmh~fnvfhnbd af dkfhad~ sm`éqbnd~, odem f` fvjfib~im af ‐`m~ ifrndam ifrndam~’, ~’, ~f f~nmha f~nmhaff svrm svrm ndsbqd` ndsbqd`b~im b~im ~d`zdef ~d`zdef fnmhmi fnmhmiéd éd f~sfnv f~sfnv`dqbz `dqbzd, d, `m~ nvd`f~, ~mh `m~ zfradafrm~ rf~smh~do`f~ af `d nrb~b~(
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@d `f af afsfhafhnbd, f~ nmh~bafrdad f` /nvdrqm sb`dr/ af` F~qdam af Obfhf~qdr 'af~svâ~ af `d ~dhbada, `d favndnbþh `d~ sfh~bmhf~"( ?4 @d @f >-?33;, af 46 af idrum, rfkv`damrd af `d rfnqbjbndnbþh rfkb~qrd` af `d ifhnbþh rf`dqbzd d` ~fwm af `d~ sfr~mhd~(
43
Fh f~qf ~fhqbam, odem ib svhqm af zb~qd, `d smo`dnbþh f~qä ~bfham fismorfnbad sdrd smafr`d ~vovkdr nmh idmr jdnb`bada, fh f~qd hvfzd fqdsd, hm gd `vkdr sdrd f` f~qdam af obfhf~qdr ~mnbd` hb sdrd `m~ afrfngm~ `domrd`f~(
Odem `d _fjmrid fwsrâ~ af `d Nmh~qbqvnbþh ??, ``fzdad d ndom smr `m~ ~mnbd`b~qd~, `d ‐f~qdob` ‐f~qdob`bada bada srf~vs srf~vsvf~ vf~qdrbd qdrbd’’ tvfadrä tvfadrä jbedad jbedad smr idhadqm idhadqm nmh~qbq nmh~qbqvnbm vnbmhd` hd`,, nmh f` moefqbzm af `bibqdr f` aâjbnbq af `d~ daibhb~qrdnbmhf~, `m tvf `fkd`bud vhm~ rfnmrqf~ af` kd~qm kd~qm sõo`bnm sõo`bnm tvf tvf smharä smharäh h fh rbf~km rbf~km qmam~ qmam~ `mkrm~ `mkrm~ ~mnbd`f ~mnbd`f~~ tvf gdoédim gdoédim~~ nmh~fkvbam 'Kvqbârrfu Nd`zm Ivômu, ?344"(
D~é, af~af ib svhqm af zb~qd, ~b f` srþwbim ?3 af Hmzbfiorf f` SS kdhd `d~ f`fnnbmhf~, f` `fkdam srmkrf~b~qd af` srf~bafhqf Em~â @vb~ _marékvfu Udsdqfrm qfharä jbridad ~v ~fhqfhnbd af ivfrqf(
2( ½Nvä`f~ ~mh `d~ gfrfhnbd~ af` râkbifh jrdhtvb~qd fh `d
dnqvd`bada= Vhd zfu dhd`bud dhd`budad ad `d fzm`vnb fzm`vnbþh þh sm`éqbnd sm`éqbnd f~sdôm f~sdôm`d `d d sdrqbr sdrqbr af 42;6, 42;6, smhfr smhfr af idhbjbf~qm tvf f` ~b~qfid f~qä dkmqdam, bhqfhqdrfim~ rf~m`zfr f~qd srfkvhqd(
@d nrb~b~ hm~ gd bam iv obfh sdrd fzbafhnbdr `d jrdkb`bada af hvf~qrm ~b~qfid afimnräqbnm( Smr srbifrd zfu ~f sfrnbof fwgbof 'fh F~sdôd d hbzf` ivhabd`" ?> f` gdrqdukm `d bismqfhnbd af `d nbvadadhéd jrfhqf d `d nd~qd sm`éqbnd ifabdhqf vhd rf~svf~qd k`mod` ~mnbd` bhhfkdo`f( @d bhfjbndnbd, nmrrvsnbþh, msdnbada af hvf~qrm~ sm`éqbnm~ gdh afkrdadam `d afimnrdnbd( Sfrm dhqf~ af ~fkvbr nmh f` ~b~qfid sm`éqbnm, sm`éqbnm, gd tvf afnbr tvf `d srbhnbsd` srbhnbsd` gfrfhnbd af` af` râkb râkbif ifh h jrdh jrdhtv tvb~ b~qd qd f~ `d imhd imhdrt rtvé véd, d, d `d tvf tvf damr damrhd hdh h nmh nmh `d sd`d sd`dor ordd /sdr`difhqdrbd/( Hm hm~ m`zbafim~ tvf `d imhdrtvéd jvf `d õ`qbid bism~bnbþh af Jrdhnm, tvf `d _fsõo`bnd frd f` ~b~qfid sm`éqbnm af `d afimnrdnbd( D aéd af gm `d imhdrtvéd ~bkvf idhqfhbibfhqm vhm~ srbzb`fkbm~ do~m`vqdifhqf bhev~qbjbndo`f~( ??
@bibqdr f` aâjbnbq af` kd~qm sõo`bnm fh `d abhäibnd dnqvd` f~ rfnmrqdr srf~vsvf~qm~, `m tvf zd d ~vsmhfr ifhm~ bhzfr~bþh fh hfnf~badaf~ ~mnbd`f~( ?> Nmim mnvrrbfrd fh `d dndisdad idarb`fôd af` 46)I, d~fhqdad fh ^m`, 46)M, f` hfmmrtvbhm +Mnnvs [d``)^qrffq, `d~ rfzm`vnbmhf~ af `d srbidzfrd ärdof 'Qõhfu, Fkbsqm", fqn(
44
^f gd qfrkbzfr~dam `d gb~qmrbd sdrd im~qrdrhm~ vh _f ~d`zdamr af `d afimnrdnbd, nvdham â~qf ~f gd dsmdam fh `d abnqdavrd sdrd ``fkdr d` qrmhm( Hm hfnf~bqdim~ vh _f ¬brrf~smh~do`f¼ ~fkõh `d Nmh~qbhvnbþh, hb vhd nd~d _fd`, hb ivngm ifhm~ ~v~ kd~qm~ kd~qm~(( Qmadz Qmadzéd, éd, nmim nmim abnf Dhd~dk Dhd~dkd~q d~qb, b, qfhfim~ qfhfim~ dhqf hm~mqr hm~mqrm~ m~ vhd imhdrt imhdrtvéd véd srmq srmqfk fkbad bad smr smr `d nfh~v nfh~vrd( rd( Svf~ Svf~,, qrfbhq qrfbhqdd dôm~ dôm~ af~s af~svâ vâ~, ~, ‐~bkv ‐~bkvff gdob gdobfh fham am vhd vhd nmh~sbrdnbþh af` ~b`fhnbm, fh `d tvf sdrqbnbsdh sm`éqbnm~, sfr~mhd`badaf~ ifabm~ af nmivhbn nmivhbndnbþ dnbþh h fhqmrhm fhqmrhm d `d jdib`bd jdib`bd rfd`’ rfd`’ 'Dhd~d 'Dhd~dkd~ kd~qb, qb, ;5?33 ;5?332"( 2"( D~é, D~é, smr `m tvf zfim~, Jrdhnm `m afeþ qmam dqdam, obfh dqdam(
Fh ~fkvha ~fkvham m `vkdr, `vkdr, ~bkvbfh ~bkvbfham am nmh `d nd~qd nd~qd sm`éqbn sm`éqbnd, d, af~qdnd af~qdndim~ im~ `d nmrrvs nmrrvsqf`d qf`d nmh~bkvbfhqf~ krvsm~ af smafr, tvf ~bkvfh f~qdo`fnbfham sdvqd~ tvf hm~ fhkdôdh idhbsv`dh( ½Tvâ f~sfrdim~ af `d Ev~qbnbd, ~b f~ `d n`d~f sm`éqbnd tvbfh gdnf `d~ `ff~ d ~v ifabad= D~é, `m~ sdrqbam~ sm`éqbnm~, fh râkbifh af m`bkmsm`bm jbhdhnbdam smr hvf~qrm~ bisvf~qm~, gfrfadrmh af` jrdhtvb~im afid~bdam smafr , hdqvrd`ifhqf, gdh dov~dam af` ib~im(
Nrfm ~bhnfrdifhqf, tvf `d~ gfrfhnbd~ af` jrdhtvb~im hm~ gdh `d~qrdam fh `m~ õ`qbim~ qrfbhqd dôm~, fnmhþibnd sm`éqbndifhqf< dgmrd hdqvrd`ifhqf, gdnfim~ dkvd smr qmad~ sdrqf~(
@d ~biom`mkéd jrdhtvb~qd, f~ d ib sdrfnfr `d qfrnfrd gfrfhnbd af` jrdhtvb~im( D~é smr fefis`m, fh f` sdrtvf afabndam d` D`nd`af af Idarba Drbd~ Hdzdrrm, f` ``didam ‐ndrhbnfrm af Iä`dkd/, f~ amhaf ~f nf`ford f` dhbzfr~drbm af `d Nmh~qbqvnbþh( M f` nd~m af `d nd``f Ib``äh D~qrd, D~qrd, qdiobâh fh Idarba, tvf dafiä~ ~f ~fr f` nrfdamr nrfdamr af `d @fkb @fkbþh þh '~éi '~éiom om`m `m af `d F~sd F~sdôd ôd ifab ifabfz fzd` d` jd~nb~ jd~nb~qd qd", ", ~v~ ~v~ dsmr dsmrqdn qdnbm bmhf hf~~ d` kfhmnba kfhmnbabm bm jd~nb~qd jd~nb~qd,, qrd~ vh fhjrfhq fhjrfhqdibf dibfhqm hqm nmh Ibkvf` Ibkvf` Vhdiv Vhdivhm, hm, srmjbrbþ srmjbrbþ ~v nmhmnbam krbqm af /zbzd `d ivfrqf, ivfrd `d bhqf`bkfhnbd/( M ½~f bidkbhd d`kvbfh, d `d~ djvfrd~ af Ofr`éh, vh imhvifhqm af nmhifimrdnbþh af Gbq`fr af` qdidôm af` Zd``f Zd``f af `m~ `m~ Ndéa Ndéam~ m~== @d~ @d~ rf~b~ rf~b~qfh qfhnbd nbd~~ af `d afrfn afrfngd gd f~sdô f~sdôm` m`dd fh nmhaf nmhafhdr hdr d` jrdhtv jrdhtvb~i b~im m m bisfabr bisfabr `d ~biom` ~biom`mké mkédd jrdhtvb jrdhtvb~qd ~qd tvf bhjf~qd bhjf~qd hvf~qr hvf~qrd~ d~ nbvada nbvadaf~ f~ svfo`m~ svfo`m~ afivf~qrd afivf~qrd tvf d `d afrfngd f~sdôm`d, f~sdôm`d, qmadzéd `f jd`qdh ivngm~ ivngm~ dôm~ dôm~ sdrd
4?
``fkdr d ~fr afimnräqbnd( F~qm ib~im fh sdé~f~ af hvf~qrm fhqmrhm f~qdréd qbsbjbndam nmim ¬af`bqm af hfkdnbmhb~im¼ ?1(
Jbhd`ifhqf, `d ~dhqd, dsm~qþ`bnd rmidhd bk`f~bd ndqþ`bnd ?6, f~ odem ib sdrqbnv`dr svhq svhqm m af zb~qd zb~qd,, `d õ`qbi õ`qbidd gfrf gfrfhnb hnbdd af` af` jrdht jrdhtvb~ vb~im im(( Hm ~þ`m ~þ`m hm nmha nmhafh fhdrm drmh h f` jrdhtv jrdhtvb~i b~im m „ ~bkvfh ~bkvfh ~bh gdnfr`m gdnfr`m), ), ~bhm tvf dafiä~ dafiä~ dsmdrm dsmdrmh h ~v~ jfngmréd jfngmréd~~ `fkbqbidrmh `d abnqdavrd fh f` fwqfrbmr, fhnbid, ~fkõh vh nä`nv`m rfd`budam smr Fvrmsd @dbnd, `f~ mo~ftvbdim~ ndad dôm nmh 43(333 ib``mhf~ af fvrm~ „vhd ifabd af ?33 fvrm~ smr gdobqdhqf), tvf ~d`fh af hvf~qrd~ drnd~ sõo`bnd~ 'Od~qdhqf, ?344"(
43( ½Nvä`f~ ~mh `m~ srbhnbsd`f~ af~djém~ af `d afimnrdnbd
f~sdôm`d=
F` srbhnbsd` af~djém af `d afimnrdnbd f~sdôm`d f~ tvf rfd`ifhqf ~f afimnrdqbnf( Qmadzéd fh F~sdôd f` zmqm af vhd sfr~mhd tvf zmqd d vh sdrqbam ibhmrbqdrbm, hm zd`f `m ib~im tvf f` af vhd sfr~mhd tvf zmqd d vhm idmrbqdrbm( F` zd`mr af` zmqm qdiobâh zdréd afsfhabfham af d tvâ nbrnvh~nrbsnbþh qfrrbqmrbd` srmnfaf vhd sfr~mhd, sfr~mhd, smr f~m `m~ sdrqbam~ sdrqbam~ ibhmrbqdrbm~ `m qbfhfh iv abjénb` sdrd `mkrdr vh d~bfhqm fh f` Nmhkrf~m(
@d~ nmh~fnvfhnbd~ af f~qf ~b~qfid ~mh n`drdifhqf zb~bo`f~, smr ndad d~bfhqm fh f` Nmhkrf~m, f` S^MF moqvzm :6(1;3 zmqm~, f` SS ::(1;3, BV 174(6?3 VSA >3>(6>6( ^b f~qm hm jvfrd d~é, Butvbfrad Vhbad, sd~dréd smr fefis`m, af qfhfr am~ d 41 f~ndôm~, ibfhqrd~ tvf VSA sd~dréd af qfhfr vhm d nvdqrm 'Ivrbf`, ?344"(
Nmh vh ~b~qfid f`fnqmrd` ftvb`bordam, ~f rfsdrqbréd afimnrdqbudréd f` smafr af `m~ sdrqbam~ sm`éqbnm~, f~qdréd qmad `d ~mnbfada rfd`ifhqf rfsrf~fhqdad(
F` ~b~qf ~b~qfid id obsdr obsdrqba qbab~q b~qdd tvf tvf gd gd dgmrd dgmrd ib~i ib~im, m, fh sd`do sd`dord~ rd~ af` af` srmjf srmjf~m ~mrr af Nbfhnbd Nbfhnbd~~ Sm`éqbnd Sm`éqbnd~~ af `d Vhbzfr Vhbzfr~bad ~bada a Nmis`v Nmis`vqfh~ qfh~ff af Idarba, Idarba, Evdh Evdh Ndr`m~ Ndr`m~ ?1
_fzb~dr `d gb~qmrbd sdrd ev~qbjbndr f` hdub~im f~qä sfhd`budam fh D`fidhbd, Dv~qrbd, Oâ`kbnd, ^vbud, @bngqfh~qfbh Sdé~f~ Odem~( ?6 Hm hvhnd zbm sfndam fh hbhkvhd af `d~ jfngmréd~ nmifqbad~ smr dtvf``m~ ndhd``d~, ~bhm tvf `d~ nvorbþ nmh ~v idhqm ‐bhidnv`dam’ ~v~ ofhabnbmhf~ ~morfhdqvrd`f~(
4>
Imhfafrm, f~ vh /jrdvaf/( /Fhqrf f` S^MF f` SS gdh dsrmodam fh qmrhm d vh 23& af `d~ `ff~ af f~qd `fkb~`dqvrd/, fws`bnd Imhfafrm 'Ivrbf`, ?344"( F` sm`bqþ`mkm ~m~qbfhf tvf `d @f F`fnqmrd` qbfhf vh mrbkfh /hfqdifhqf jrdhtvb~qd/( F` ndqfaräqbnm fws`bnd, tvf `m tvf ~f srfqfhaéd frd fzbqdr tvf `d~ nbvadaf~, ~vsvf~qdifhqf iä~ srmkrf~b~qd~ tvf `d~ ärfd~ rvrd`f~, idrndrdh ‐f` ~bkhm af `d qrdh~bnbþh/( Dafiä~, `d dqmibudnbþh af `m~ sdrqbam~ af butvbfrad srmzmnd f` srfamibhbm af `d afrfngd(
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