REPUBLIKINDONESI A DEPARTEMEN PEKERJAAN UMUM DIREKTORAT JENDERAL SUMBER DAYA AIR
STANDAR PERENCANAAN IRIGASI
KRITERIA PERENCANAAN BAGIAN SALURAN KP – 03
DAFTAR ISI
DAFTAR DAFTAR ISI Ha l 1. PENDAHULUAN
1
2. DATA PERENCANAAN IRIGASI
2.1 Data Topograf ...................................................................................... 3 2.2 Kapastas R!"#a"a R!"#a"a.............................................................. . ........... $ 2.2.1 Data r!"#a"a............................................................. . . ....... $ 2.2.2 K!%&t&'a" ar ( sa)a' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2.2.3 Efs!"s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 2.2., Rotas Rotas t!-"s Sst!/ go0o"ga" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.3 Data !ot!-"- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2., Data S!(/!" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1$
3. SALURAN TANAH TANPA PASANGAN 3.1 P!r!"# !r!"#a"a a"aa" a" Sa0&ra" Sa0&ra" a"g a"g Sta%0 Sta%0 ....... .......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ... 14
3.1.1 A0ra" A0ra" rgas rgas ta"pa s!(/!" s!(/!" ( sa0&ra" sa0&ra" ta"a' . 15 3.1.2 3.1.2 A0ra" A0ra" rgas rgas %!rs %!rs!(/ !(/!" !" ( sa0&ra sa0&ra" " pasa pasa"ga "ga" " 15 3.1.3 A0ra" A0ra" rgas %!rs!(/!" %!rs!(/!" ( sa0&ra" sa0&ra" ta"a' ....... ....... 15 3.2 R&/&s (a" (a" Krt!ra Krt!ra 6(r 6(ro0s. o0s. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.2.1 3.2.1 R&/& R&/&s s A0ra A0ra". ". . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
3.2. Ko!fs!" o!fs!" -!-asa -!-asara" ra" Str#0!r Str#0!r.. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 21 2
3.2. S!(/! S!(/!"ta "tas s . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3 3.2. Eros Eros . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2$ , 3.3 Poto"ga" M!0"ta"g Sa0&ra. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 ... 3.3.1 !o/!tr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.3.2 K!/r"ga" K!/r"ga" 32 sa0&ra" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.3 L!"g-&"g sa0&ra" sa0&ra" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 . 3.3. 3.3., , T" T"gg gg 8a 8agaa" gaa" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.3.$
L!%ar ta"gg&0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
3,
3.3.*
ars s! s!/pa(a" sa0&ra" ...................... ............................... .........
3*
3.3.4
P!r!" !r!"# #a"aa" sa0 sa0&ra &ra" g!"(o"g ...................... ...................... 3.3.4.1 a/%ara" U/&/
,7 ,7
......................................... 3.3.4.2 Tata Tata 9ara (a" Dasar Dasar
,1
P!r't&"ga P!r't&"ga" " ..................
3.3.4.3 D/!"s Sa0&ra" !"(o"g ::::::::::: 3.3.4., 3.3.4., K!0!/a'a" !0!/a'a" (a" -!0!% -!0!%'a" 'a" sa0&ra" sa0&ra" !"(o"g ... 3., Poto"ga" M!/a"8a"g ....................... .................................. ....................... .............. .. 3.,.1 M&-a ar a"g (p!r0&-a" ...................... ............................. ....... 3.,. 3.,.2 2 K!/r !/r" "ga ga" " /!/ /!/a" a"8a 8a"g "g . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 3.$ Spata" P!"a/pa"g Sa0&ra" Ta"a' Ta"a' ....................... ............................. ......
4
,1
,3 ,3 ,3 ,4
$1
SALURAN PA PASANGAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2
.. ,.1 K!g&"aa" Sa0&ra" Pasa"ga". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$2
,.2 J!"s;8!"s
$,
Pasa"ga". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ,.2. ,.2.1 1
L" L""g "g p!r/& p!r/&-a -aa" a" -!ras !ras.. . . . . . . . . . . . . $, .. ..
,.2. ,.2.2 2
Ta"a' a"a'.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $* . ...
,.2. ,.2.3 3
L" L""g "g F!rro !rro#! #!/! /!t. t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4 . ...
,.3 P!r!"#a"aa"
*1
6(ro0s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ,.3.1
K!#!pata" /a-s/&/. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
*1
,.3.2
Ko!fs!" -!-asara". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*2
...
,.3. ,.3.3 3
P!r!"# !r!"#a" a"aa aa" " &"t& &"t&- a0 a0ra ra" " s&%s&%-r rt ts. s. . . . . . . *3 ...
,.3. ,.3., ,
L!"g!"g-&" &"g g sa0 sa0&r &ra" a".. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *$ ...
,.3. ,.3.$ $
T"gg "gg 8ag 8agaa aa". ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *$ ...
5. TEROWONGAN DAN SALURAN TERTUTUP
**
$.1 P!/a-aa" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ** ...
$.1.1 Topograf ** $.1.2
!o0og *4
$.1.3 K!(a0a/a" a0a" ..................................................................................................................
*4
$.1., Ko"(s Ar Ta"a' *4 5.2 Ben!"#$en!" %an K&'e&'a H'%&(l') ..............................................................................................................................
*+
$.2.1
T!ro)o"ga". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *+
$.2.1.1 Ko"(s< A0ra" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *+ $.2.1.2 B!"t&- poto"ga" /!0"ta"g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . *+
$.2.1.3 U-&ra" /"/&/. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
$.2.1., L!"g-&"ga" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
$.2.1.$ P!"a"gga (a" pasa"ga"T!ro)o"ga" . . . . . . 47
$.2.1.* P!ra0'a". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
$.2.1.4 P!"&t&p /"/&/. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,
$.2.2
Sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4$
$.2.2.1 Ko"(s A0ra%. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4*
$.2.2.2 B!"t&- Poto"ga" M!0"ta"g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4*
$.2.2.3 L!"g-&"g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4* $.2.2., U-&ra" M"/&/
4*
$.3 Pe&en*anaanH'%&(l')::::::::::::::: ::: 44 $.3.1
R&/&s a0ra" . . . 44
................ $.3.2
-!-asara" (a" -!#!pata" /a-s/&/ $.3.3 '(ro0s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $.3., ...................
Ko!fs!" 44
K!/r"ga" 4+ T"gg 8agaa" . . . 4+
$.3.$
P!r!"#a"aa" poto"ga" /!0"ta"g :::::. 45
$.3.*
K!'0a"ga" tota0 t"gg !"!rg. . . . . . . . . . . . 45
$.3.4
K!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg pa(a s-& (a" t-&"ga" sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p +7
+. DATA PERENCANAAN SALURAN PE,BUANG *.1 Data Topograf ............................................................. *.2 D!%t R!"#a"a ..............................................................
*.2.1
Jar"ga" p!/%&a"g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
+, +, +$ +$
*.2.2 K!%&t&'a" p!/%&a"g &"t&- ta"a/a" +4 pa( ........ *.2.3 K!%&t&'a" p!/%&a"g &"t&- sa)a' "o"pa( 52 ...... *.2., D!%t p!/%&a"g . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . 5* .
*.3 Data M!-a"-a Ta"a' ....................................................
-. RENCANA SALURAN PE,BUANG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
177
55
4.1 P!r!"#a"aa" Sa0&ra" P!/%&a"g a"g Sta%0 4.2 R&/&s (a" Krt!ra 6(ro0s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
177 172
. 4.2.1
R&/&s a0ra". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ko!fs!" -!-asara" Str#-0!r
172
4.2.3 K!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a"g (="-a". . . . .
173
4.2., T"gg /&-a ar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17$
4.2.2
172
4.3 Potongan Melintang Saluran Pembuang
175
4.3.1 !o/!tr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
175
4.3. K!/r"ga" Ta0&t Sa0&ra" P!/%&a"g . . . . . 2 4.3. L!"g-&"g Sa0&ra" P!/%&a"g . . . . . . . . . . 3
117
4.3., T"gg Jagaa" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +. PERENCANAAN SALURAN GENDONG
117 111 113
+.1 Gambaran
113
Umum.................................... ........ +.2 Tata Cara dan Dasar Perhitungan ..........................
11,
+.2. M!to(! 1 Raso"a0 .......................................... +.2. M!to(! 0a/a 6&8a" (a" Fr!-&!"s 6&8a" 2 +.2. M!to(! 6(rogra> Ko/p0!3 ::::::::: +.3 Taa Ca&a %an Da)a& Pe&'!n/an ......................
11, 114 11+ 127
+.3.1 Sta"(ar Kapastas Sa0&ra" !"(o"g :::::.. 127 +.3.2 Kara-t!rst- Sa0&ra" !"(o"g
::::::::
127
+.3.3 K!0!%'a" (a" K!0!/a'a" Sa0&ra"
!"(o"g
127
DATAR PUSTAKA DATAR PERISTILAHAN IRIGASI
LA,PIRAN 1 LA,PIRAN 2 LA,PIRAN 3
DATAR TABEL Ta$el
U&a'an
al
2.1
Sst!/ -!%&t&'a" ar...................................................................... 17
3.1
6arga;'arga -!-asara" -o!fs!" Str#-0!r - &"t&- sa0&ra";sa0&ra" rgas ta"a'
3.2
P!r%a"("ga" Sst!/ U"f!( US9S (!"ga" Sst!/ AAS6TO
3.2
23
25
K!/r"ga" /"/&/ ta0&t &"t&- %!r%aga %a'a" ta"a' 31
3.3
K!/r"ga" ta0&t /"/&/ &"t&- sa0&ra" t/%&"a" a"g (pa(at-a" (!"ga" %a-
32
3.,
T"gg 8agaa" /"/&/ &"t&- sa0&ra" ta"a'...................3,
3.$
L!%ar /"/&/ ta"gg&0................................................................ 3,
,.1
A"g-a;a"g-a 'as0 p!"g&-&ra" r!/%!sa"..........................$3
,.2
6arga;'arga -o!fs!" ta"a' r!/%!sa" 9........................... $,
,.3
6arga;'arga -!/r"ga" ta0&t &"t&- sa0&ra" pasa"ga" *,
,.,
T"gg 8agaa" &"t&- sa0&ra" pasa"ga"................................. *$
$.1
K0asf-as tp! t!ro)o"ga".......................................................... 41
$.2
Ta%!0 pasa"ga" (ar %!to" (a0a/ #/....................................4,
$.3
K!(a0a/a" /"/&/ p!"&t&p / pa(a poto"ga" t!ro)o"ga" 4$
$.,
6arga;'arga -!#!pata" /a-s/&/ (a" - Str#-0!r 44
$.$
6arga;'arga K% &"t&- s-&........................................................... +1
*.1
6arga;'arga -o!fs!" 0/pasa" ar '&8a" &"t&-
p!"g't&"ga" ?( ::::::::::::::::::: 5$
4.1
Ko!fs!" -!-asara" Str#-0!r &"t&- sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g............................................................................ 173
4.2
K!#!pata" Port!r
/a-s/&/
a"g
(="-a"
o0!'
(a" S#o%!.......................................................................... 17* 4.3
K!/r"ga" ta0&t /"/&/ sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g.............................................................................117
4.,
Jar;8ar 0!"g-&"g &"t&- sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g ta"a'........................................................................................111
+.1
Ko!fs!" R&" o@ 9 a"g (g&"a-a" &"t&L&as Dra"as K&ra"g (ar $77 6a
:::::::: 11* +.2. Harga a dan b untuk periode ulang T pada lokas 114
A.1.1 A.2.1
A.2.2 A.2.3 A.3.1
A.3.2 A.3.3
R&/&s;r&/&s a"g-&ta" L1; s!(/!" ................... , Kara-t!rst- sa0&ra" a"g (pa-a (!"ga" a/%ar A.2.1 ............................................... Data prof0 sa0&ra" gars A ............................. Data prof0 sa0&ra" gars B ............................. Krt!ra -0asf-as ta"a' s!#ara 0a%orators (ar
L2; * L2; 4 L2; 4
USBRUS9E ............................................... ... Krt!ra -0asf-as ta"a' sst!/ UNIFIED ........ Krt!ra -0asf-as ta"a' sst!/ AAS6TO ........
L3; 2 L3; , L3; *
A.3.,
A.3.$
Para/!t!r p!r!"#a"aa" '(ro0s &"t&- sa0&ra" ppa tapa0 L3; -&(a .................................................... 4 Para/!t!r p!r!"#a"aa" '(ro0s &"t&- sa0&ra" ppa
%&0at ......................................................... ...
L3; +
DATAR GA,BAR Ga$a& U&a'an al
3.1
Para/!t!r poto"ga" /!0"ta"g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2
K!#!pata";-!#!pata" (asar &"t&- ta"a' -o'!ra" S9S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2$
3.3
Fa-tor;>a-tor -or!-s t!r'a(ap -!#!pata" (asar S9S 2*
3.,
Tp!;tp! poto"ga" /!0"ta"g sa0&ra" rgas .. . . . . . 3$
3.$
B(a"g !0"#r pa(a t!%"g sa0&ra" 3*
3.*
S!/pa(a" sa0&ra" rgas ta- %!rta"gg&0 3*
3.4
S!/pa(a" sa0&ra" rgas %!rta"gg&0 3+
3.+
S!/pa(a" sa0&ra" rgas ( 0!r!"g 35
3.5
Poto"ga" /!0"ta"g sa0&ra" g!"(o"g (a" sa0&ra" rgas ,7
3.17
T"gg %a"g&"a" sa(ap t!rs!r a"g (p!r0&-a". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,,
3.11
D!"a' (a" tp! poto"ga" /!0"ta"g spata" . . . . . . $1
,.1
Poto"ga" sa0&ra" 0"""g >!rro#!/!" %!r%!"t&tapa0 -&(a $+
,.2
Tp!;tp! pasa"ga" sa0&ra" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *7
$.1 $.2 $.3
B!"t&-;%!"t&- poto"ga" /!0"ta"g t!ro)o"ga". . . *5 Tp!;tp! poto"ga" /!0"ta"g t!ro)o"ga" . . . . . . . 42 6arga;'arga -o!fs!" -!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg /as&(a" -!0&ar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$.,a
+2
6arga;'arga K% &"t&- t-&"ga" 57 pa(a sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p USBR
+3
$.,%
*.1 *.2
4.1
Fa-tor -or!-s &"t&- -o!fs!" -!'0a"ga" (t-&"ga" pa(a sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9o"to' p!r't&"ga" /o(&0&s p!/%&a"g. . . . . . . . . . . . .
+3 51
Fa-tor p!"g&ra"ga" 0&as ar!a0 a"g (%&a"g ar"a. . . . .............. Ko!fs!" -or!-s &"t&- %!r%aga p!ro(! &0a"g D. . . . . .
52
17,
4.2
Tp!;tp! poto"ga" /!0"ta"g sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g.............................................................................................. 17+
4.3
T"gg 8agaa" &"t&- sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g (ar USBR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
+.1
Poto"ga" M!0"ta"g Sa0&ra" g!"(o"g (a" sa0&ra" rgas 113
+.2
Fa-tor r!(&-s C (a" 0&as ar!a0 ta"g-apa" '&8a" ::: 11+
+.3
St&as Tata 8ar"ga" Sa0&ra" !"(o"g Ya"g /!0a0& P!/&-/a" ata& P!r-otaa" (a" p!r%&-ta" :::::::
115
A.2.1 raf- p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" (!"ga" gars;gars A (a" B L2; $
A.3.1 D!%t p&"#a- /!"&r&t D!r !(&)!" &"t&- (a!ra'; (a!ra' (!"ga" #&ra' '&8a" s!'ar 2,7 //'ar ............... L3;5
1. PENDAHULUAN
Lapora" Krt!ra P!r!"#a"aa" Sa0&ra" " /!r&pa-a" %aga" (ar Sta"(ar P!r!"#a"aa" Irgas (ar Dr!-torat J!"(!ra0 S&/%!r Daa Ar Sta"(ar Krt!ra P!r!"#a"aa" t!r(r (ar %aga";%aga" %!r-&t KP
KP
; 71 P!r!"#a"aa" Jar"ga" Irgas ; 72 Ba"g&"a" Uta/a 6!a()or-s ; 73 Sa0&ra"
KP
;
7, Ba"g&"a"
KP
;
7$ P!ta- T!rs!r
KP
;
7* Para/!t!r Ba"g&"a"
KP
;
74 Sta"(ar P!"gga/%ara"
KP
Krt!ra P!r!"#a"aa" " (t&"8a"g (!"ga" -
a/%ar;ga/%ar Sta"(ar (a" Tp! Ba"g&"a"
-
P!rsarata" T!-"s &"t&- P!"g&-&ra" p!"!0(-a" (a" P!r!"#a"aa"
-
B&-& P!t&"8&- P!r!"#a"aa".
Krt!ra P!r!"#a"aa" Sa0&ra" 'a"a /!"#a-&p p!r!"#a"aa" 8ar"ga" sa0&ra" pr/!r. Krt!ra p!r!"#a"aa" &"t&- sa0&ra" -&art!r (a" t!rs!r (sa8-a" (a0a/ Baga" KP ; 7$ P!ta T!rs!r. KP ; 73 Krt!ra P!r!"#a"aa" Baga" Sa0&ra" t!r&ta/a /!/%a'as
/asa0a'
p!r!"#a"aa"
sa0&ra".
Krt!ra
p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" a"g (sa8-a" ( s" sa'' Ga0( &"t&sa0&ra" graGtas t!r%&-a 8ar"ga" rgas a"g #o#o- &"t&-
/!"gar ta"a/a" pa( a"g &/&/"a /!r&pa-a" ta"a/a" po-o- po-o- /a&p&" /a&p&" &"t&&"t&- %&((a %&((aa a ta"a/a ta"a/a";t ";ta"a a"a/a" /a" 0a(a"g 0a(a"g t!g t!ga0 a0a" a". . P!r%! !r%!(a (aa" a" %!sar %!sar" "a a -!%&t !%&t&' &'a" a" ar ar a"ta a"tara ra pa( pa( sa)a'
(a" (a" ta"a ta"a/a /a" " 0a(a 0a(a"g "g& &p0 p0a" a"( ( #rop #rop /!r& /!r&pa pa-a -a" " p!r% p!r%!( !(aa aa" " &ta/ &ta/a a pa(a pa(a -!t" !t"gg gga a" " 8ar 8ar"g "ga" a" &ta/ &ta/a. a. Na/& Na/&" " (!/ (!/- -a" a" /!to(!;/!to(! rgas (a" p!/%&a"ga" ar ( sa)a' &"t&pa( pa( (a" (a" ta"a ta"a/a /a"; ";ta ta"a "a/a /a" " 0a(a 0a(a"g "g %!r% %!r%!( !(a a (a" (a" -rt -rt!r !ra a p!r!"#a"aa" &"t&- p!ta-;p!ta- t!rs!r 8&ga a-a" %!r%!(aH " (%a'as pa(a %aga" KP ; 7$ P!ta- T!rs!r.
2.
DATA PER PEREN ENCA CAN NAAN AAN IRI IRIG GASI
2.1.
Daa T((/&a
Data (ata topograf a"g (p!r0&-a" ata& 'ar&s (%&at a(a0a' a P!ta topograf topograf (!"ga" gars;gars -!t"gga" -!t"gga" (a" tata 0!ta0!ta 8ar"ga" rgas (!"ga" s-a0a s-a0a 1 2$.777 (a" 1 $.777H $.777H % P!ta P!ta st&as tras! sa0&ra" sa0&ra" %!rs-a0a %!rs-a0a 1 2777 (!"ga" gars; gars -!t"gga" pa(a "t!rGa0 7$ / &"t&- (a!ra' (atar (a" 17 / &"t&- (a!ra' %!r%&-t;%&-tH # Prof0 Prof0 /!/a"8a"g /!/a"8a"g pa(a s-a0a s-a0a 'orso"ta0 'orso"ta0 1 2777 (a" s-a0a G!rt-a0 1 277 ata& s-a0a 1 177 &"t&- sa0&ra" %!r-apastas -!#0 %0a/a"a (p!r0&-a"H ( Poto"ga Poto"ga" " /!0"ta"g /!0"ta"g pa(a s-a0a 'orso"ta0 'orso"ta0 (a" G!rt-a0 G!rt-a0 1 277 ata& 1 177 &"t&- sa0&ra";sa0&ra" %!r-apastas -!#0 (!"ga" "t!rGa0 $7 / &"t&- %aga" 0&r&s (a" "t!rGa0 2$ / pa(a %aga" t-&"ga"H t-&"ga"H ! ! P!ta !ta 0o-a 0o-as s tt tt- t!ta t!tap p%! %!"# "#'/ '/ar ar- - t!r/ t!r/as as&&- (!s(!s-r rps ps %!"#'/ar-.
P!"gg&"aa" p!ta;p!ta >oto &(ara (a" >oto orto>oto (a" p!ta gars a"g (0!"g-ap (!"ga" gars -!t"gga" a-a" sa"gat %!sar art"a &"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" tata 0!ta- (ar tras! sa0&ra". P!ta;p!ta P!ta;p!ta t!rstrs t!rstrs /as' (p!r0&-a (p!r0&-a" " s!%aga s!%aga p!ta %a-&p!t %a-&p!ta a (asar.
P!r-!/% !r-!/%a"g a"ga" a" t!-"o0 t!-"o0og og p'oto p'oto #tra #tra sat!0 sat!0tt -!(!pa -!(!pa" " (apat (apat (pa-a
(a"
(/a">aat-a"
&"t&-
/!0!"g-ap
(a"
/!/p!r#!pat pros!s p!r!"#a"aa" 8ar"ga" rgas. Ko/%"as
a"tara ">or/as p!"g&-&ra" t!rstrs (a" p'oto #tra sat!0t a-a" (apat %!rs"!rg (a" sa0"g /!0!"g-ap.
K!0!%'a" >oto #tra sat!0t (apat (p!ro0!' s!#ara 0&as (a" %!%!rapa 8!"s >oto 0a"(sat /!/p&"a -ara-t!rst- -'&s&s a"g a"g %!r%!(a %!r%!(a s!'"g s!'"gga ga %a"a%a"a- ">or ">or/as /as 0a" 0a" a"g a"g (apat (apat (p!r (p!ro0! o0!' ' a"tara a"tara 0a" 0a" (!"ga" (!"ga" progr progra/ a/so> so>t)a t)ar! r! a"g a"g (apat (apat /!/pros!s gars -o"t&r s!#ara (gta0.
Foto; oto;>o >oto to sat! sat!0 0tt " " %sa %sa (pa (pa-a &"t& &"t&- st&( st&( a)a0 a)a0 st&( st&( (!"tf-as (a" st&( p!"g!"a0a".
K!0!/a'a" K!0!/a'a" >oto #tra sat!0t t(a- st!r!o/!trs s!'"gga asp!%!(a t"gg -&ra"g (apat (p!ro0!' ">or/as (!ta0"a t(as!p!rt s!p!rt p!"g&-&ra" p!"g&-&ra" t!rstrs t!rstrs s!(a"g-a" s!(a"g-a" (a0a/ p!r!"#a"a p!r!"#a"aa" a" rgas pr!ss (a0a/ p!"g&-&ra" %!(a t"gg sa"gat p!"t"g. M!s-p&" (!/-a" %a"a- ">or/as 0a" a"g (apat (pa-a s!%aga s!%aga p!0!"g-ap p!0!"g-ap p!r!"#a" p!r!"#a"aa" aa" 8ar"ga" 8ar"ga" rgas rgas a"tara a"tara 0a" s!%aga #ross #'!#- &"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" 8ar"ga" rgas.
Data;(ata p!"g&-&ra" topograf (a" sa0&ra" a"g (s!%&t-a" ( atas atas /!r& /!r&pa pa-a" (ata (ata a-' a-'rr &"t& &"t&- p!r p!r!"#a !"#a"a "aa" a" (!ta (!ta0 0 sa0&ra sa0&ra". ". L!taL!ta- tras! tras! sa0&ra sa0&ra" " s!r"g s!r"g %ar& %ar& (apat (apat (t!ta (t!tap-a p-a" " s!t! s!t!0a 0a' '
/!/% /!/%a a"(" "("g; g;%a %a"( "(" "g g-a"
%!r% %!r%a aga ga
a0t!r 0t!r"a "at t>>.
I">or/as a"g (p!ro0!' (ar p!"g&-&ra" tras! sa0&ra" (apat (pa (pa-a
&"t& &"t&-
p!" p!""8 "8a& a&a" a"
tras tras! !
p!"( p!"(a' a'&0 &0&a &a" "
/sa0 sa0" "a a
p!/"(a'a" as sa0&ra" ata& p!r&%a'a" t-&"ga" sa0&ra".
L!taL!ta- as sa0&ra sa0&ra" " pa(a pa(a s0a"g s0a"ga" a" (!"ga" (!"ga" sa0&ra sa0&ra" " p!/%&a p!/%&a"g "g a0a a0a/ /a' a'
s!r s!r"g "g s&0 s&0tt
(t! (t!"t "t&&-a" a" s!#a s!#ara ra t!pa t!patt
(!"g (!"ga" a"
/!"gg&"a-a" p!ta topograf s!%!0&/ (a(a-a" p!"g&-&ra"
sa0&ra". L!ta- a-'r %a"g&"a" &ta/a (a" %a"g&"a" s0a"g t!rs!%&t 'a"a (apat (t!"t&-a"
%!r(asar-a" s&rG! 0apa"ga" (!"ga" s-a0a 1 277 ata& 1 $77. Lo-as tras! sa0&ra" gars t"gg a-a" 0!%' %a"a(p!"gar&' o0!' -!a(aa" topograf s!t!/pat (arpa(a sa0&ra" a"g /!"g-&t p&"gg&"g /!(a".
Sa0&ra" sa0&ra" s!-&"(!r s!r"g /!"g-&t p&"gg&"g /!(a". P!"g&-&ra" tras! &"t&- sa0&ra" tp! " (apat (%atas sa/pa pa(a 0!%ar 4$ / a"g /!/&"g-"-a" p!"!/pata" as sa0&ra" (a" p!r!"#a"aa" poto"ga" /!0"ta"g (!"ga" %a-. U"t&- sa0&ra" gars t"gg 0!%ar prof0 a"g s!r&pa #&-&p &"t&- /!/%!r-a" p!r!"#a"aa" (!ta0 A-a" t!tap -ar!"a /!"!"t&-a" as sa0&ra" (ar s!%&a' p!ta topograf s!%!0&/ p!"g&-&ra" sa0&ra" 0!%' s&0t p!"g&-&ra" p!ta tras! &/&/"a (t!"t&-a" (!"ga" as sa0&ra" a"g (t!"t&-a" ( 0apa"ga".
2.2.
Kaa)'a) Ren*ana
2.2.1. De$' Ren*ana
D!%t r!"#a"a s!%&a' sa0&ra" ('t&"g (!"ga" r&/&s &/&/ %!r-&t Q = c NFR A e
...... (2.1)
D/a"a Q
D!%t r!"#a"a 0(t
c
Ko!fs!" p!"g&ra"ga" -ar!"a go0o"ga" 0'at pasa0 2.2.,
a(a"a
sst!/
NFR
A
L&as (a!ra' a"g (ar 'a
K!%&t&'a" %!rs' "!tto ar ( sa)a' 0(t'a
Efs!"s rgas s!#ara -!s!0&r&'a".
e
J-a ar a"g (a0r-a" o0!' 8ar"ga" 8&ga &"t&- -!p!r0&a" s!0a" rgas /a-a (!%t r!"#a"a 'ar&s (ta/%a' (!"ga" 8&/0a' a"g
(%&;t&'-a"
&"t&-
-!p!r0&a"
t&
(!"ga"
/!/p!r't&"g-a" !fs!"s p!"g;a0ra". K!%&t&'a" ar 0a" s!0a" &"t&- rgas at& -!%&t&'a" ar &"t&- ta/%a- ata& -o0a/ "(&str /a&p&" ar /"&/ a"g (a/%0 (ar sa0&ra" rgas . L!"g-&"g Kapastas T!ga0 a"g (pa-a s!8a- ta'&" 1+51 t(a- 0ag (g&"a-a" &"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" -apastas sa0&ra" rgas. A0asa""a a(a0a' -
s!-ara"g t!0a' a(a /!to(! p!r't&"ga" -!%&t&'a" ar ( sa)a' a"g s!#ara 0!%' t!pat /!/%!r-a" -apastas %a"g&"a"
sa(ap
t!rs!r.
8-a
(pa-a
%!rsa/a;sa/a
(!"ga" a"g-a;a"g-a !fs!"s ( t"g-at t!rs!r. -
p!"g&ra"ga" -apastas sa0&ra" a"g 'ar&s /!"gar ar!a0 s!0&as 0!%' (ar 1,2 'a s!-ara"g (ga%&"g-a" (a0a/ !fs!"s
p!"ga0ra".
P!"g&ra"ga"
-apastas
a"g
(as&/s-a" o0!' L!"g-&"g T!ga0 a(a0a' 27 &"t&- ar!a0 a"g (ta"a/ t!%& (a" $ &"t&- (a!ra' a"g t(a(ta"a/ t!%&. P!rs!"tas! p!"g&ra"ga" " (apat (#apa 8-a sa0&ra" /!"gar (a!ra' s!0&as 417 'a ata& 0!%'. U"t&- ar!a0 s!0&as a"tara 417 'a (a" 1,2 'a -o!fs!" p!"g&ra"ga" a-a" t&r&" s!#ara 0"!r sa/pa 7. 2.2.2. Ke$!!an A'& %' Saa
K!%&t&'a" ar ( sa)a' &"t&- pa( (t!"t&-a" o0!' >a-tor >a-tor %!r-&t
1. #ara p!"apa" 0a'a" 2. -!%&t&'a" ar &"t&- ta"a/a"
3. p!r-o0as (a" r!/%!sa" ,. p!rga"ta" 0apsa" ar (a" $. #&ra' '&8a" !>!-t>. K!%&t&'a" tota0 ar ( sa)a' FR /!"#a-&p >a-tor 1 sa/pa ,. K!%&;t&'a" %!rs' "!tto ar ( sa)a' NFR 8&ga /!/p!r't&"g-a" #&ra' '&8a" !>!-t>.
B!sar"a -!%&t&'a" ar ( sa)a' %!rGaras /!"&r&t ta'ap p!rt&/%&'a" p!"go0a'a"
ta"a/a" 0a'a".
(a"
B!sar"a
%!rga"t&"g -!%&t&'a"
-!pa(a ar
(
#ara sa)a'
("ata-a" (a0a/ // 'ar.
B!sar"a -!%&t&'a" ar rgas pa(a 0a'a" ra)a p!r0& (0a-&-a" p!r't&"ga" s!#ara -'&s&s /!"g"gat as&/s %!sara" -o/po"!" -!%&t&'a" ar pa(a 0a'a" ra)a %!r%!(a (!"ga" sa)a' %asa.
B!sar"a -!%&t&'a" ar ( sa)a' &"t&- ta"a/a" 0a(a"g ('t&"g s!p!rt pa(a p!r't&"ga" -!%&t&'a" ar &"t&- pa(. A(a %!r%aga 'arga a"g (apat (t!rap-a" &"t&- -!0/a >a-tor ( atas.
M!"ga"tspas -!t!rs!(aa" ar a"g s!/a-" t!r%atas /a-a p!r0& (#ar t!r&s #ara %&((aa ta"a/a" pa( a"g /!"gara' pa(a
p!"g'!/ata"
-o"s&/s
ar.
9ara
p!/%!ra"
ar
t!rp&t&s %!r-a0a intermittent irrigation /!/a"g t!r%&-t !>!-t> (0apa"ga" (0apa"ga" (a0a/ &sa'a '!/at ar "a/&" /!"ga"(&"g -!0!/a'a" (a0a/ /!/%atas p!rt&/%&'a" r&/p&t. B!%!rapa /!to(! 0a" sa0a' sat&"a /!to(! System of Rie !ntensi"ation # SR! $ % a"g (ta)ar-a" (apat
(p!rt/%a"g-a".
Sst!/
p!/%!ra"
ar
t!rp&t&s%!r-a0a
s!s&a &"t&- (a!ra' (!"ga" (!%t t!rs!(a a-t&a0 0!%' r!"(a' (ar (!%t a"(a0a" +7 .
M!to(! " (r!-o/!"(as &"t&- (8a(-a" (asar p!r't&"ga" -!%&t&'a" ar apa%0a /!/!"&' -o"(s %!r-&t " -
(apat (t!r/a o0!' p!ta"
-
s&/%!r(aa /a"&sa (a" /o(a0 t!rs!(a
-
-!t!rs!(aa" p&p&- /!"#&-&p
-
-!t!rs!(aa" ar t!r%atas
Uraa" t!r"# /!"g!"a -!%&t&'a" ar ( sa)a' s!rta #ara p!r't&"ga";"a (%!r-a" (a0a/ KP; 71 P!r!"#a"aa" Jar"ga" 0rgasH La/pra" 2.
2.2.3. E)'en)'
U"t&- t&8&a";t&8&a" p!r!"#a"aa" (a"ggap %a')a s!p!r0/a sa/pa s!p!r!/pat (ar 8&/0a' ar a"g (a/%0 a-a" '0a"g s!%!0&/ ar t& sa/pa ( sa)a'. K!'0a"ga" " (s!%a%-a" o0!'
-!gata"
!-sp0otas
!Gaporas
(a"
p!r!/%!sa".
K!'0a"ga" a-%at !Gaporas (a" p!r!/%!sa" &/&/"a -!#0 sa8a 8-a (%a"("g-a" (!"ga" 8&/0a' -!'0a"ga" a-%at -!gata" !-sp0otas. P!"g't&"ga" r!/%!sa" 'a"a (0a-&-a" apa%0a -!0&0&sa" ta"a' #&-&p t"gg.
P!/a-aa" ar '!"(a-"a (&sa'a-a" s!!fs!" /&"g-" t!r&ta/a &"t&- (a!ra' (!"ga" t!r%atas.
K!'0a"ga";-!'0a"ga"
-!t!rs!(aa" ar
(apat
ar
a"g
(/"/a0-a"
/!0a0& 1. P!r%a-a" sst!/ p!"g!0o0aa" ar -
Ss op!raso"a0 (a" p!/!0'araa" OP a"g %a-
-
Efs!"s op!raso"a0 p"t&
-
P!/%!r(aaa" p!t&gas OP
-
P!"g&ata" "stt&s OP
-
M!/"/a0-a" p!"ga/%0a" ar ta"pa 8"
-
Partspas P3A
2. P!r%a-a" fs- prasara"a rgas -
M!"g&ra"g -!%o#ora" (s!pa"8a"g sa0&ra"
-
M!/"/a0-a" p!"g&apa"
-
M!"#pta-a" sst!/ rgas a"g a"(a0 %!r-!0a"8&ta" (t!r/a p!ta"
Pa(a &/&/"a -!'0a"ga" ar ( 8ar"ga" rgas (apat (%ag; %ag s!%aga %!r-&t -
12.$ ; 27 ( p!ta- t!rs!r a"tara %a"g&"a" sa(ap t!rs!r (a" sa)a'
-
$ ;17 ( sa0&ra" s!-&"(!r
-
$ ;17 ( sa0&ra" &ta/a
B!sara" a"g-a -!'0a"ga" ( 8ar"ga" rgas 8-a p!r0& ((&-&"g (!"ga" 'as0 p!"!0ta" p!"!0(-a". Da0a/ 'a0 )a-t& t!"aga (a" %aa t(a- t!rs!(a /a-a %!sara" -!'0a"ga" ar rgas %sa ((!-at (!"ga" a0t!r"at> p0'a" s!%aga %!r-&t -
M!/a-a a"g-a p!"!0ta" -!'0a"ga" ar rgas ((a!ra' rgas 0a" a"g /!/p&"a -ara-t!rst- a"g s!8!"s
-
A"g-a -!'0a"ga" ar rgas pra-ts a"g s&(a' (t!rap-a" pa(a (a!ra' rgas t!r(!-at
Efs!"s s!#ara -!s!0&r&'a" tota0 ('t&"g s!%aga %!r-&t !fs!"s 8ar"ga" t!rs!r ! t !fs!"s 8ar"ga" s!-&"(!r 9S !fs!"s 8ar"ga" pr/!r ! p (a" a"tara 7*$; 745. O0!' -ar!"a t& -!%&t&'a" %!rs' ar ( sa)a' NFR 'ar&s (%ag ! &"t&- /!/p!ro0!' 8&/0a' ar a"g (%&t&'-a" ( %a"g&"a"
p!"ga/%0a" (ar s&"ga. Fa-tor;>a-tor !fs!"s a"g (t!rap-a" &"t&-
p!r't&"ga" sa0&ra" (sa8-a" pa(a Ta%!0 2.1 Tabel &.'. Sistem kebutuhan air
T"g-at Sa)a' P!ta T!rs!r
K!%&t&'a" Ar NFR K!%&t&'a" %!rs' ar ( sa)a' TOR -!%&t&'a" ar ( %a"g&"a" sa(ap t!rs!r NFR 0&as (a!ra' 1 x
P!taS!-&"(!r
SOR -!%&t&'a" ar (%a"g&"a" sa(ap s!-&"(!r
1 c3
MOR K!%&t&'a" ar ( %a"g&"a" sa(ap pr/!r 1
Σ TOR /# x
B!"(&"g
0(t'a
0(t
et
Σ TOR x
P!taPr/!r
Sat&a"
1
e p DR -!%&t&'a" (G!rs MOR ss -r (a" MOR ss -a"a"
0(t ata& 3 (t
0(t ata& /3(t
/3(t
K!'0a"ga" a"g s!%!"ar"a ( (a0a/ 8ar"ga" %sa 8a&' 0!%' t"gg (a" !fs!"s a"g s!%!"ar"a a"g %!r-sar a"tara 37 sa/pa ,7 -a(a"g; -a(a"g 0!%' r!a0sts apa0ag pa(a )a-t&; )a-t& -!%&t&'a" ar r!"(a'. a0a&p&" (!/-a" t(a(sara"-a" &"t&- /!r!"#a"a-a" 8ar"ga" sa0&ra" (!"ga" !fs!"s a"g r!"(a' t&. S!t!0a' %!%!rapa ta'&" ('arap-a" !fs!"s a-a" (apat (#apa.
1
TORmc: Kebutuhan air di bangunan sadap tersier untuk petak-petak tersier d i se panjang saluran primer .
K!s!0&r&'a" !fs!"s rgas a"g (s!%&t-a" ( atas (apat (pa-a pa(a pro!-;pro!- rgas a"g s&/%!r ar"a t!r%atas (!"ga" 0&as (a!ra' a"g (ar sa/pa 17.777 'a. 6arga;'arga !fs!"s a"g 0!%' t"gg sa/pa /a-s/&/ 4$ p!rs!" (apat (a/%0 &"t&- pro!-; pro!- rgas a"g sa"gat -!#0 ata& pro!- rgas a"g ar"a (a/%0 (ar )a(&- a"g (-!0o0a (!"ga" %a-.
D (a!ra' a"g %ar& (-!/%a"g-a". a"g s!%!0&/"a t(a(ta"a/ pa( (a0a/ t!/po 3 ; , ta'&" p!rta/a -!%&t&'a" ar ( sa)a' a-a" 0!%' t"gg (arpa(a -!%&t&'a" ar ( /asa; /asa s!s&(a' t&. K!%&t&'a" ar ( sa)a' %sa /!"8a( 3 sa/pa , -a0 0!%' t"gg (arpa(a a"g (r!"#a"a. I" &"t&/!"sta%0-a" -!a(aa" ta"a' t&. Da0a/ 'a0;'a0 s!p!rt " -apastas r!"#a"a sa0&ra" 'ar&s ((asar-a" pa(a -!%&t&'a" ar /a-s/&/ (a" p!0a-sa"aa" pro!- t& 'ar&s (0a-&-a" s!#ara %!rta'ap. O0!' s!%a% t& 0&as (a!ra' rgas 'ar&s ((asar-a" pa(a -apastas 8ar"ga" sa0&ra"
(a"
a-a" (p!r0&as
s!t!0a'
-!%&t&'a" ar ( sa)a' %!r-&ra"g. U"t&- (a!ra' rgas a"g %!sar -!'0a"ga";-!'0a"ga" ar a-%at p!r!/%!sa" (a" !Gaporas s!%a-"a ('t&"g s!#ara t!rpsa' (a" -!'0a"ga" -!'0a"ga" 0a" 'ar&s (p!r-ra-a".
2.2.4. R(a)' Te"n') S')e /(l(n/an6
K!&"t&"ga";-!&"t&"ga" a"g (apat (p!ro0!' (ar sst!/ go0o"ga" t!-"s a(a0a'
-
B!r-&ra"g"a -!%&t&'a" p!"ga/%0a" p&"#a-o!fs!"
p!"g&ra"ga" rotas -
K!%&t&'a" p!"ga/%0a" %!rta/%a' s!#ara %!ra"gs&r; a"gs&r pa(a a)a0 )a-t& p!/%!ra" ar rgas pa(a p!ro(!
p!"apa"
0a'a"
s!r"g
(!"ga"
/a-"
%!rta/%a'"a (!%t s&"gaH -!%&t&'a" p!"ga/%0a" p&"#a- (apat (t&"(a. S!(a"g-a" 'a0;'a0 a"g t(a- /!"g&"t&"g-a" a(a0a' -
T/%&0"a -o/p0-as sosa0
-
Op!raso"a0 0!%' r&/t
-
K!'0a"ga" ar a-%at !-sp0otas s!(-t 0!%' t"gg (a"
-
Ja"g-a )a-t& rgas &"t&- ta"a/a" p!rta/a 0!%' 0a/a a-%at"a 0!%' s!(-t )a-t& t!rs!(a &"t&- ta"a/a" -!(&a.
Agar -!%&t&'a" p!"ga/%0a" p&"#a- (apat (-&ra"g /a-a ar!a0 rgas 'ar&s (%ag;%ag /!"8a( s!-&ra"g;-&ra"g"a tga ata& !/pat o0o"ga" (a" t(a- 0!%' (ar $ ata& * go0o"ga". D!"ga" s!"(r"a 'a0 " aga- /!/p!rs&0t !-sp0otas 8ar"ga" rgas. Lag p&0a &sa'a p!"g&ra"ga" (!%t p&"#a- /!"g'ar&s-a" (p!r-!"a0-a""a sst!/ rotas.
Kar!"a a0asa";a0asa" ( atas %asa"a &"t&- pro!- rgas t!rt!"t& a"g /!"#a-&p (a!ra' a"g %sa (ar s!0&as 17.777 'a (a" /!"ga/%0 ar 0a"gs&"g (ar s&"ga t(a- a(a p!"g&ra"ga" (!%t r!"#a"a -o!fs!" p!"g&ra"ga" # 1. Pa(a 8ar"ga" a"g t!0a' a(a >a-tor p!"g&ra"ga" # 1 /&"g-" (pa-a s!s&a (!"ga" p!"ga0a/a" O P. L'at 8&ga KP ; 71 La/pra" 2. 2.3.
Daa Ge(e"n'"
6a0 &ta/a a"g 'ar&s (p!r'at-a" (a0a/ p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" a(a0a' sta%0tas ta"gg&0. -!/r"ga" ta0&t ga0a" s!rta r!/%!sa"
-! (a" (ar sa0&ra". Data ta"a' a"g (p!ro0!' (ar 'as0 p!"!0(-a" ta"a' p!rta"a" a-a" /!/%!r-a" p!t&"8&&/&/ /!"g!"a s>at;s>at ta"a' ( (a!ra' tras! sa0&ra" a"g (r!"#a"a-a". P!r'ata" -'&s&s 'ar&s (%!r-a" -!pa(a (a!ra' ; (a!ra' a"g /!"ga"(&"g -
Ba! )'n/"aan7 -ar!"a ra)a" t!r'a(ap (s0o-as (a" -!%o#ora" ata& 0a8& r!sapa" a"g t"gg.
-
Le!n/ a" )a$'l %en/an la)')'a) 'n//' -ar!"a pa(a ta"a' 0!/p&"g (!"ga" (a/!t!r %&tr a"g 'a0&s Garas -a(ar ar
sa"gat /!/p!"gar&' p0aststas ta"a' (sa/p"g t& pa(a
ta"a'
0!/p&"g
(!"ga"
-a"(&"ga"
/"!ra0
Mo"t/or00o"t! /!r&pa-a" ta"a' a"g !pa"s> sa"gat /&(a' /!"g!/%a"g o0!' ta/%a'a" -a(ar ar. -
Tana /a$! %an $aan – $aan (&/an'"7 -ar!"a /!r&pa-a" ta"a' a"g t(a- sta%0 ra)a" t!r'a(ap pros!s
p!0ap&-a" %o0ogs a"g %!rpot!"s /!r&%a' str&-t&r -/a (a" /!r&%a' Go0&/! ta"a' a-%at pros!s p!/%&s&-a" p!0ap&-a". -
-ar!"a /!/p&"a -o!fs!" Pa)'& %an "e&'"'l7 p!r/!a%0tas a"g t"gg (a" s>at sa0"g -at a"tar %&tr -o'!s a"g 0!/a' s!'"gga ra)a" t!r'a(ap t!r8a("a r!/%!sa" a"g %!sar s!rta !ros ata& g!r&sa" s#o&r"g
-
Tana $aan6 '$!nan7 -ar!"a /as' %!rpot!"s %!sar t!r8a("a pros!s -o"so0(as 0a"8&t s!'"gga /as' t!r8a(
s!tt0!/!"t 0a"8&ta" o0!' -ar!"a t& (a0a/ p!0a-sa"aa" -&a0tas 'as0 p!/a(ata" p!r0& (p!r'at-a". Ta"a' %a'a" t/%&"a" a"g (g&"a-a" 'ar&s s!s&a (!"ga" -rt!ra %a'a" t/%&"a" a"g a(a.
-
,!"a a'& ana7 -ar!"a /&-a ar ta"a' a"g (a0a/ a-a"
/!/p&"a -!#!"(!r&"ga" /!"!%a%-a" -!'0a"ga" ar a"g %!sar.
-
(&a)' $a!an "a!& 8 l'e)(ne7 -ar!"a p&"a -!#!"(!r&"ga" 0ar&t (a0a/ ar s!'"gga a-a" /!"!%a%-a" -!'0a"ga" ar %!sar (a" ta"a' /!"8a( -!ropos.
P!"g&8a" gra(as (a" %atas #ar t!r'a(ap %a'a";%a'a" sa/p!0 pa(a &/&/"a a-a" /!"g'as0-a" -0asf-as a"g /a/a(a &"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" ta0&t ga0a" (a" t/%&"a". U"t&- ta0&t a"g t"gg 0!%' (ar $ / (p!r0&-a" a"a0ss a"g
/!"(!ta0
/!"g!"a
s>at;s>at
ta"a'.
K0asf-as
/!"&r&t U"f!( So0 90assf#ato" USBR a-a" /!/%!r-a" (ata ; (ata a"g (p!r0&-a" &"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra". K0asf-as " (sa8-a" pa(a Ta%!0 ,.3.1 La/pra" 3 t!r/as&- %atas;%atas Att!r%!rg. S&/&ra" &8 &"t&- p!"ga/%0a" sa/p!0 (!"ga" %or ta"ga" a"g (ga0 sa/pa -!(a0a/a" t!rt!"t& ( %a)a' -!t"gga" (asar sa0&ra" 'ar&s (%&at (!"ga" "t!rGa0 /"/a0 7$ -/. I"t!rGa0 " 'ar&s (-&ra"g 8-a ta"a' pa(a tras! t& sa"gat %!rGaras. P!/!r-saa" Gs&a0 (a" t!s -!0&0&sa" 8&ga 'ar&s (0a-&-a" 8-a /!/a"g p!r0& P!rsarata" T!-"s &"t&P!"!0(-a" !ot!-"- PT ; 73 /!/%!r-a" &raa" a"g 0!%' t!r"# t!"ta"g 'a0 " (a" 'ar&s (pa-a &"t&/!"!"t&-a" (ata a"g a-a" (-&/p&0-a" ( 0apa"ga".
P!"g&8a" ta"a' ( 0o-as %a"g&"a" sa0&ra" pa(a &/&/"a a-a" /!"a/%a' ">or/as /!"g!"a s>at;s>at ta"a' ( (a0a/ tras! sa0&ra". 2.4.
Daa Se%'en
Data s!(/!" t!r&ta/a (p!r0&-a" &"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" 8ar"ga"
p!"ga/%0a" ( s&"ga -a"to"g 0&/p&r (a" %a"g&"a" p!"gg!0o"tor
s!(/!"
pa(a
0o-as
p!rs0a"ga"
sa0&ra"
(!"ga" s&"ga. Ba"g&"a" p!"ga/%0a" (a" -a"to"g 0&/p&r a-a"
(r!"#a"a-a"
agar
/a/p&
/!"#!ga'
/as&-"a
s!(/!" -asar Q 77++ // -! (a0a/ 8ar"ga" sa0&ra". Pa(a r&as
sa0&ra"
Ka"to"g
0&/p&r
"
s!(/!"
(8"-a"
/!"g!"(ap (a" (-&ras /!0!)at p"t& s!#ara p!ro(-. U"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" rgas a"g /a"tap -ta 'ar&s /!"g!ta'& -o"s!"tras s!(/!" (a" p!/%aga" (str%&s &-&ra" %&tr"a. Data;(ata " a-a" /!"!"t&-a" >a-tor;>a-tor &"t&-
p!r!"#a"aa"
-!/r"ga"
sa0&ra"
(a"
poto"ga"
/!0"ta"g a"g /a"tap ( /a"a s!(/!"tas (a" !ros 'ar&s t!tap %!r/%a"g (a" t!r%atas. Fa-tor a"g /!"&0t-a" /!"g!"(ap-a" s!(/!" ( -a"to"g 0&/p&r a(a0a' -!a"!-araga/a" (a0a/ 'a0 )a-t& (a" 8&/0a' s!(/!"
(
s&"ga.
S!0a/a
-a"(&"ga"
s!(/!"
-!#0
-o"s!"tras
-a"(&"ga"
a0ra" (a"
s!(/!"
r!"(a'
s!0a/a
-o"s!"tras
(!%t
/!""gg.
p&"#a-
P!r&%a'a";
p!r&%a'a" " t(a- ('&%&"g-a" (!"ga" Garas (a0a/ -!%&t&'a" ar rgas. Po0a a"g (o/"a" t(a- (apat (ra/a0-a". L!%';0!%' 0ag (ata s!(/!" &"t&- -!%a"a-a" s&"ga 'a/pr t(a- t!rs!(a ata& 'a"a /!0p&t (ata ; (ata 'as0 p!"ga/ata" a"g (a(a-a" s!#ara "s(!"t0. S!0a"8&t"a p!/0'a" -o"(s r!"#a"a 'a"a /!r&pa-a" ta-sra" (ar -o"(s a"g s!%!"a/a. Da" Tata#ara p!"ga/%0a" s!(/!" /!0aa"g ( s&"ga (!"ga" #ara "t!gras -!(a0a/a" %!r(asar-a" p!/%aga" (!%t s!s&a SNI 3,1, 277+. U"t&- /!/p!ro0!' (str%&s %&tr (ar s!(/!" /!0aa"g (a0a/ ar (!"ga" /!"gg&"a-a" /!to(! graG/!tr s!s&a S- SNI M;31;1551 ;73.
S!0a"8&t"a 0'at KP;72 Ba"g&"a" Uta/a. Apa%0a Go0&/! s!(/!" s!ta'&" (%ag 0&as (asar s!0&r&' sa0&ra" /a 7.$ (ar -!(a0a/a" ar /a-a t(a- (%&t&'-a" -a"to"g 0&/p&r. U"t&- -!p!r0&a"
p!r't&"ga"
t!rs!%&t
(p!r0&-a"
p!"!0(-a"
t!r'a(ap
s!(/!" ( s&"ga 8-a 'a0 " t(a- (apat (0a-&-a" /a-a (apat (as&/s-a" 8&/0a' s!(/!" s!%!sar 7.$
o
oo (ar
Go0&/! ar a"g /as&-. J-a -ar!"a -!t!r%atasa" )a-t& (a" %aa s!'"gga t(a(apat
(0a-&-a"
(as&/s-a"
p!"!0(-a"
%atas
!"(apa"
t!r'a(ap a"g
s!(/!"
(ta"g-ap
/a-a
(p!r%!sar
/!"8a( 77++ // aa-a" "o. 1,7 at& %atas s0t (a" pasr 'a0&s (!"ga" sarat ( sa0&ra" 'ar&s (0!"g-ap (!"ga" s!(/!" !#0&(!r a"g -!/&(a" (%&a"g 0ag -! s&"ga a"g %!rs0a"ga" (!"ga" sa0&ra".
3. SALURAN TANAH TANPA PASANGAN
Sst!/ rgas ( I"(o"!sa s!#ara &/&/ /!"!rap-a" sa0&ra" rgas ta"pa pasa"ga" s!8a&' s!#ara t!-"s %sa (p!rta"gg&"g 8a)a%-a". Pa(a r&as t!rt!"t& 8-a -!a(aa" t(a- /!/&"g-"-a" (apat (g&"a-a" sa0&ra" pasa"ga". 3.1.
Pe&en*anaan Sal!&an 9an/ Sa$'l
U"t&- p!"ga0ra" ar rgas sa0&ra" %!rp!"a/pa"g trap!s&/ ta"pa pasa"ga" a(a0a' %a"g&"a" p!/%a)a a"g pa0"g &/&/ (pa-a (a" !-o"o/s. P!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" 'ar&s /!/%!r-a"
p!"!0!saa"
%aa
p!0a-sa"aa"
(a"
p!/!0'araa" a"g pa0"g r!"(a'. Eros (a" s!(/!"tas ( s!tap poto"ga" /!0"ta"g 'ar&s /"/a0 (a" %!r/%a"g s!pa"8a"g ta'&". R&as;r&as sa0&ra" 'ar&s /a"tap.
S!(/!"tas p!"g!"(apa" ( (a0a/ sa0&ra" (apat t!r8a( apa%0a -apastas a"g-&t s!(/!""a %!r-&ra"g. D!"ga" /!"&r&""a -apastas (!%t ( %aga" '0r (ar 8ar"ga" sa0&ra" a(a0a' p!"t"g &"t&- /!"8aga agar -apastas a"g-&ta" s!(/!" p!r sat&a" (!%t -apastas a"ga-&ta" s!(/!" r!0at> t!tap sa/a ata& s!(-t 0!%' %!sar. S!(/!" a"g /!/as&- 8ar"ga" sa0&ra" %asa"a 'a"a /!"ga"(&"g part-!0 part-!0 0!/p&"g (a" 0a"a& /!0aa"g sa8a 0!/p&"g (a" 0a"a& (!"ga" ( 77++ //. Part-!0; part-!0 a"g 0!%' %!sar -a0a& t!r(apat ( (a0a/ ar rgas a-a" t!rta"g-ap ( -a"to"g 0&/p&r ( %a"g&"a" &ta/a.
Ka"to"g 0&/p&r 'ar&s (%&at 8-a 8&/0a' s!(/!" a"g /as&-! (a0a/ 8ar"ga" sa0&ra" (a0a/ s!ta'&" a"g t(a- t!ra"g-&t -! sa)a'
part-!0 a"g 0!%' %!sar (ar 77++ // 0!%' (ar $ (ar -!(a0a/a" ar ( s!0&r&' 8ar"ga" sa0&ra". Ja( Go0&/! s!(/!" a(a0a' $ (ar -!(a0a/a" ar -a0 0!%ar (asar sa0&ra" -a0 pa"8a"g tota0 sa0&ra". aa !ros (&-&r (!"ga" gaa g!s!r a"g (t/%&0-a" o0!' ar ( (asar (a" 0!r!"g sa0&ra". U"t&- /!"#!ga' t!r8a("a !ros pa(a poto"ga" /!0"ta"g gaa g!s!r " 'ar&s t!tap ( %a)a' %atas -rts. Da0a/ Krt!ra P!r!"#a"aa" " (pa-a -!#!pata" a0ra" (!"ga" 'arga;'arga /a-s/&/ a"g (="-a" %&-a" gaa g!s!r
s!%aga
para/!t!r
&"t&-
gaa
!ros.
U"t&-
p!r!"#a"aa" '(ro0s s!%&a' sa0&ra" a(a (&a para/!t!r po-o- a"g 'ar&s (t!"t&-a" apa%0a -apastas r!"#a"a a"g (p!r0&-a" s&(a' (-!ta'& at& -
p!r%a"("ga" -!(a0a/a" ar (!"ga" 0!%ar (asar
-
-!/r"ga" /!/a"8a"g sa0&ra"
R&/&s a0ra" '(ro0s /!"!"t&-a" '&%&"ga" a"tara poto"ga" /!0"ta"g (a" -!/r"ga" /!/a"8a"g. S!%aga ta/%a'a" p!r!"#a"aa" 'ar&s /!"g-&t -rt!ra a"g-&ta" s!(/!" (a" !ros. P!rsarata" &"t&- a"g-&ta" s!(/!" (a" ar /!/%atas -!%!%asa" &"t&- /!/0' para/!t!r;para/!t!r ( atas.
R&as
sa0&ra"
(
(!-at
%a"g&"a"
&ta/a
/!"!"t&-a"
p!rsarata" p!"g;a"g-&ta" s!(/!" r&as;r&as sa0&ra" 0!%' 8a&' -! '0r pa(a 8ar"ga" t&. U"t&- /!"#!ga' s!(/!"tas r&as sa0&ra" '0r 'ar&s (r!"#a"a (!"ga" -apastas a"g-&t
s!(/!" r!0at> a"g pa0"g t(a- sa/a (!"ga" r&as '&0&. D 0a" p'a- gaa !ros 'ar&s t!tap ( %a)a' %atas -rts &"t&s!/&a r&as sa0&ra" ( 8ar"ga" t!rs!%&t.
U"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" a(a tga -!a(aa" a"g 'ar&s (%!(a-a" s!'&%&"ga" (!"ga" t!r(apat"a s!(/!" (a0a/ ar rgas (a" %a'a" ta"gg&0 at& 1. A0ra" rgas ta"pa s!(/!" ( sa0&ra" ta"a' 2. Ar rgas %!rs!(/!" ( sa0&ra" pasa"ga" 3. A0ra" rgas %!rs!(/!" ( sa0&ra" ta"a' 3.1.1Al'&an '&'/a)' ana )e%'en %' )al!&an ana
K!a(aa" " a-a" t!r8a( %0a ar (a/%0 (ar )a(&- s!#ara 0a"gs&"g. P!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" s!-ara"g %a"a- (p!"gar&' o0!' -rt!ra !ros (a" (!"ga" (!/-a" o0!' -!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a0ra" a"g (="-a". B!sar"a -!#!pata" " %!rga"t&"g -!pa(a %a'a" p!r/&-aa" sa0&ra".
3.1.2 A'& '&'/a)' $e&)e%'en %' )al!&an a)an/an
P!r!"#a"aa"
sa0&ra"
(p!"gar&'
o0!'
p!rsarata"
p!"ga"g-&ta" s!(/!" /!0a0& 8ar"ga" (a" (!"ga" (!/-a" -rt!ra a"g-&ta" s!(/!" /!/p!"gar&' p!r!"#a"aa" H &"t&- 0!%' 8!0as"a 0'at Ba% ,. 3.1.3 Al'&an '&'/a)' $e&)e%'en %' )al!&an ana
Masa0a' s!(/!" (a" sa0&ra" ta"a' a(a0a' st&as a"g pa0"g &/&/ (8&/pa (a0a/ p!0a-sa"aa" rgas ( I"(o"!sa. K"
p!r!"#a"aa" rgas sa"gat (p!"gar&' o0!' -rt!ra !ros (a" a"g-&ta" s!(/!".
Basa"a s!(/!"tas /!/a"-a" p!ra"a" p!"t"g (a0a/ p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" pr/!r. Sa0&ra" " s!r"g (r!"#a"a s!%aga sa0&ra" gars t"gg (!"ga" -!/r"ga" (asar a"g t!r%atas. Sa0&ra" s!-&"(!r a"g (#a%a"g-a" (ar sa0&ra" pr/!r
(a"
/!"g-&t
p&"gg&"g
s!r"g
/!/p&"a
-!/r"ga" (asar s!(a"g (a" (!"ga" (!/-a" -apastas a"g-&t s!(/!" r!0at> 0!%' t"gg s!'"gga -rt!ra !ros %sa /!"8a( >a-tor p!/%atas.
3.2.
R!!) %an K&'e&'a H'%&(l')
3.2.1. R!!) Al'&an
U"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" r&as a0ra" sa0&ra" (a"ggap s!%aga a0ra" t!tap (a" &"t&- t& (t!rap-a" r&/&s Str#-0!r. K R 23 I ::::::.. 3.1 R A P A
%
/''
P ?
% 2 ' 1 /2 A
b
"'
D/a"a ? (!%t sa0&ra" / 3(t v
-!#!pata" a0ra" /(t
A
poto"ga" /!0"ta"g a0ra" / 2
R
8ar 8ar '(ro0s /
P
-!00"g %asa' /
b
0!%ar (asar /
h
t"gg ar /
I
-!/r"ga" !"!rg -!/r"ga" sa0&ra" -o!fs!" -!-asara" St#-0!r /13(t
k
/ -!/r"ga" ta0&t 1 G!rt-a0 / 'or=o"ta0
MAN w 1
1
h m
m
P b
Gambar (.'. Parameter potongan melintang
R&/&s a0ra" ( atas 8&ga (-!"a0 s!%aga r&/&s Ma"""g. Ko!fs!" -!-asara" Ma"""g " /!/p&"a 'arga %0a"ga" 1 (%ag (!"ga" -. 3.2.2. K(e)'en Ke"a)a&an S&'*"le&
Ko!fs!" -!-asara" %!rga"t&"g -!pa(a >a-tor >a-tor %!r-&t -
K!-asara" p!r/&-aa" sa0&ra"
-
K!t(a-t!rat&ra" p!r/&-aa" sa0&ra"
-
Tras!
-
!g!tas t!t&/%&'a" (a"
-
S!(/!"
B!"t&- (a" %!sar -!#0"a part-!0 ( p!r/&-aa" sa0&ra" /!r&pa-a" &-&ra" -!-asara". A-a" t!tap &"t&- sa0&ra" ta"a' " 'a"a /!r&pa-a" %aga" -!#0 sa8a (ar -!-asara" tota0. Pa(a sa0&ra" rgas -!t(a- t!rat&ra" p!r/&-aa" a"g /!"!%a%-a" p!r&%a'a" (a0a/ -!00"g %asa' (a" poto"ga" /!0"ta"g /!/p&"a p!"gar&' a"g 0!%' p!"t"g pa(a -o!fs!" -!-asara" sa0&ra" (arpa(a -!-asara" p!r/&-aa". P!r&%a'a";p!r&%a'a" /!"(a(a- pa(a p!r/&-aa" sa0&ra" a-a"
/!/p!r%!sar
-o!fs!"
-!-asara".
P!r&%a'a";
p!r&%a%a" " (apat (s!%a%-a" o0!' p!"!0!saa" -o"str&-s sa0&ra" a"g 8!0!- ata& -ar!"a !ros pa(a ta0&t sa0&ra". T!r8a("a ra-;ra- ( (asar sa0&ra" a-%at "t!ra-s a0ra" ( p!r%atasa""a 8&ga %!rp!"gar&' t!r'a(ap -!-asara" sa0&ra". P!"gar&' G!g!tas t!r'a(ap r!sst!"s s&(a' 8!0as pa"8a"g (a"
-!rapata"
G!g!tas
a(a0a'
>a-tor;>a-tor
a"g
/!"!"t&-a". A-a" t!tap t"gg ar (a" -!#!pata" a0ra" sa"gat
/!/%atas
p!rt&/%&'a"
G!g!tas.
!g!tas
(a"(a-a" /"/a0 &"t&- 'arga;'arga - a"g (p0' (a" (pa-a (a0a/ p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra". P!"gar&' tras! sa0&ra" t!r'a(ap -o!fs!" -!-asara" (apat (a%a-a"
-ar!"a
(a0a/
p!r!"#a"aa"
sa0&ra"
ta"pa
pasa"ga" a-a" (pa-a t-&"ga" %!r8ar;8ar %!sar. P!"gar&' >a-tor;>a-tor ( atas t!r'a(ap -o!fs!" -!-asara" sa0&ra" a-a" %!rGaras /!"&r&t &-&ra" sa0&ra". K!t(a-
t!rat&ra" pa(a p!r/&-aa" a-a" /!"!%a%-a" p!r&%a'a" -!#0 ( (a!ra' poto"ga"
/!0"ta"g ( sa0&ra" a"g %!sar (arpa(a ( sa0&ra" -!#0. Ko!fs!";-o!fs!" -!-asara" &"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" rgas (sa8-a" pa(a Ta%!0 3.1.
Apa-a' 'arga;'arga t& a-a" /!r&pa-a" 'arga 'arga fsa"g s!%!"ar"a s!0a/a -!gata" op!ras 'a0 " sa"gat t!rga"t&"g pa(a -o"(s p!/!0'araa" sa0&ra".
P!"g'a0&sa" p!r/&-aa" sa0&ra" (a" /!"8aga agar sa0&ra" %!%as (ar G!g!tas 0!)at p!/!0'araa" r&t" a-a" sa"gat %!r;p!"gar&' pa(a -o!fs!" -!-asara" (a" -apastas (!%t sa0&ra". Tabel (.'. Harga ) harga kekasaran koe"sien Strikler #k$ untuk saluran ) saluran irigasi tanah
De$' &en*ana 38%
"
1838%
? Q 17
,$
$ ? 17
,2$
1? $
,7
? 1 (a" sa0&ra" t!rs!r
3$
3.2.3. Se%'ena)'
K!#!pata"
/"/&/
a"g
(="-a"
a(a0a'
t!r!"(a' a"g t(a- a-a" /!"!%a%-a"
-!#!pata"
p!"g!"(apa"
part-!0 (!"ga" (a/!t!r /a-s/&/ a"g (="-a" 7.7++ //.
T!tap s!#ara -&a"ttas %ar& s!(-t a"g (-!ta'& /!"g!"a
'&%&"ga" a"tara -ara-t!rst- a0ra" (a" s!(/!" a"g a(a. U"tt&U"
p!r p!r!"# !"#a"a a"aa"
sa0&r a0&ra" a"
rgas gas
a"g a"g
/!"g /!"ga" a"gg-&t &t
s!(/!" at&ra" p!r!"#a"aa" a"g t!r%a- a(a0a' /!"8aga agar -apastas a"g-&ta" s!(/!" p!r sat&a" (!%t /as"g r&as sa0&ra" ( s!%!0a' s! %!0a' '0r s!t(a-;t(a-"a -o"sta".
D!"g D!"ga" a" %!r( %!r(as asar ar-a -a" " r&/& r&/&s s a"ga"g-&t &ta" a" s!( s!(/! /!" " E"s E"st! t!" ";; Bro)" (a" E"g0&"( 6a"s!" /a-a -rt!ra " a-a" /!"ga#& -!pa(a I√' a"g -o"sta" 0'at La/pra" 1.
Kar!"a r&/&s;r&/&s " ('&%&"g-a" (!"ga" sa0&ra" a"g r!0at> 0!%ar (a"8&r-a" agar 'arga I √' %!rta/%a' %!sar -! ara' '0r g&"a /!"g-o/p!"sas p!"gar&' a"g (t/%&0-a" o0!' o0!' -!/r !/r" "ga ga" " ta0& ta0&tt sa0& sa0&ra ra". ". I" I" /!"g /!"g'a 'as s00-a" a" -rt -rt!r !ra a %a')a I√R a(a0a' a(a0a' -o"sta" o"sta" ata& ata& /a-" /a-" %!sar %!sar -! ara' ara' '0r '0r.. K!#&a !#&a0 0 pa(a pa(a p!"gg !"gga0 a0 sa0& sa0&rra" s!%! s!%!0a 0a' '
'&0 '&0&
%a"g %a"g&" &"a" a"
p!"g!0&ar s!(/!" sediment e*luder . .
Prof0 sa0&ra" a"g ((asar-a" pa(a r&/&s 6ar"g'&=!" a"g (sa(&r (ar t!or r!g/ s&"ga -&ra"g 0!%' /!"g-&t -rt!ra I√R -o"sta".
J-a (-&t -rt!ra I √R -o"sta" s!(/!"tas t!r&ta/a a-a" t!r8a( t!r8a( pa(a pa(a r&as r&as '&0& '&0& 8ar"g 8ar"ga" a" sa0&ra sa0&ra". ". Basa" Basa"a a 8ar"g 8ar"ga" a" sa0&ra" a-a" (r!"#a"a (0!"g-ap (!"ga" -a"to"g 0&/p&r ata& ata& !#0& !#0&(!r (!r %a"g& %a"g&"a" "a" p!"a"g p!"a"g-a -ap p s!(/! s!(/!" " -asar -asar a"g a"g /!"g /!"ga0 a0r r ((a ((asa sarr sa0&r sa0&ra" a" a"g a"g (%a (%a"g "g&" &" (!-at (!-at (!"g (!"ga" a" %a"g&"a" p!"ga/%0a" ( s&"ga.
J-a s!/&a p!rsarata" t!0a' (p!"&' %a"g&"a" " a-a" /!/%!r-a" 'arga I √R &"t&- 8ar"ga" sa0&ra" '0r.
3.2.4. E&()'
K!#!pata" K!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a"g (="-a" a(a0a' -!#!pata" -!#!pata" a0ra" rata;rata /a-s/&/ a"g t(a- a-a" /!"!%a%-a" !ros ( p!r/&-aa" sa0&ra". Ko"s!p t& ((asar-a" pa(a 'as0 rs!t a"g a"g (a(a(a(a-a" a" o0!' o0!' US So0 So0 9o"s!r 9o"s!rGat Gato" o" S!rG# S!rG#! ! USDA USDA ; S9S D!sg" o> Op!" 9'a""!0s 1544 (a" 'a"a /!/!r0&-a" s!(-t sa8a (ata 0apa"ga" s!p!rt -0asf-as ta"a' U"f!( Sst!/ "(!-s p0aststas (a" a"g-a por. K!#!pata" K!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a"g (="-a" (t!"t&-a" (a0a/ (&a 0a"g-a' 1. P!"!ta !tapa" -!#!p !#!pa ata" (asar G% &"t&"t&- sa0& sa0&rra" 0&r& 0&r&s s (!"ga" -!t"gga" ar 1 / s!p!rt pa(a a/%ar 3.2 H G % a(a0a' 7* /(t &"t&- 'arga 'arga PI a"g 0!%' r!"(a' (ar 17. 2. P!"!" !"!"t& t&a" a" >a-to >a-torr -or -or!-s !-s pa(a pa(a G % &"t&- 0!"g-&"g sa0&ra" %!r%ag %!r%aga a -!t"gg !t"gga" a" ar (a" a"g-a a"g-a por por s!p!rt s!p!rt ta/pata/papa(a a/%ar 3.3.
Gambar (.&. +eepatan ) keepatan dasar untuk tanah koheren #SCS$
1.2
untuk deskripsi tipe tanah lihat tabel 2.4
a
A
1.1
1.0
koreksi
S
M
C
H
S CC
1.0
#
koreksi
M
!
"aktor
0.
H
trase
M
M
! # C
0.
b
C
"aktor
0.$
0.$
0.% 1.0 0.4 0.& 0.$ nilai bandin' ron''a
0.2
1.2
1.4
1&
12
10
$
&
4
14 (ari)(ari len'kun'an len 'kun'an * lebar ) permukaan air
1.+
, 1.2 i s
1.1
k
e
r
o
k
r
1.0
to k
"a
0. 0.$
0.%
0
1.0
2.0
+.0
Gambar (.(. ,aktor ) faktor koreksi terhadap keepatan dasar #SCS$
4
..... 3.2
G/a-s G% A B 9 (/a"a
G/a-s -!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a"g (="-a" /(t G % -!#!pata" (asar /(t A
>a-tor -or!-s &"t&- a"g-a por p!r/&-aa" sa0&ra"
B
>a >a-tor -o -or!-s &" &"t&- -! -!(a0a/a" a ar
C
>a-tor -or!-s &"t&- 0!"g-&"g
Da" -!#!pata" (asar a"g (="-a" G %a G% A
K!#!pata" K!#!pata" (asar (p!"gar&' o0!' -o"s!"tras %a'a" 0aa"g ( (a0a/ ar. Pa(a a/%ar 3.2 (%!(a-a" a(a"a (&a -!a(aa"
-
Ar %!%as s!(/!" (!"ga" -o"s!"tras -&ra"g (ar 1.777 pp/ pp/ s!( s!(/! /!" " 0aa 0aa"g "g.. Ko"s! o"s!"t "tra ras s %a'a %a'a"; ";%a %a'a 'a" " a"g a"g /!0aa"g
(a"ggap
sa"gat
r!"(a'
s!'"gga
t(a-
%!rp!"gar&' t!r'a(ap sta%0tas sa0&ra". -
Ar %!rs!(/!" (!"ga" -o"s!"tras 0!%' (ar 27.777 pp/ s!(/!"
0aa"g.
Ko"s!"tras
a"g
t"gg
"
a-a"
/!"a/% /!"a/%a' a' -!/a" -!/a"tap tapa" a" %atas %atas a-%at a-%at t!rga" t!rga"t" t"a a %a'a" %a'a" a"g t!r--s ata& t!rt&t&p"a sa0&ra". 6arga;'arga G% (p!r0'at-a" pa(a a/%ar 3.2 &"t&- %a'a"; %a'a" ta"a' a"g (-0asf-as o0!' U"f!( So0 90assf#ato" Sst!/.
K!#!pata" (asar &"t&- /&ata" s!(/!" a"tara 1777 (a" 27.777 pp/ (apat (-!t!/&-a" (!"ga" "t!rpo0as (ar a/%ar 3.2 A-a" t!tap p!r0& (#atat %a')a pa(a &/&/"a ar rgas (go0o"g-a" (a0a/ a0ra" %!%as s!(/!" (a0a/ -0asf-as a"g (pa-a ( s". Fa-tor;>a-tor -or!-s sa0&ra" a(a0a'
-
>a-tor -or!-s t"gg ar B pa(a a/%ar 3.3 a"g /!"&"8&--a"
%a')a
sa0&ra"
a"g
0!%'
(a0a/
/!"!%a%-a" -!#!pata" a"g r!0at> 0!%' r!"(a' ( s!pa"8a"g %atas sa0&ra".
-
>a-tor
-or!-s
0!"g-&"g
9
pa(a
a/%ar
3.3
a"g
/!r&pa-a" -a/p!"sas &"t&- gaa !ros a0ra" /!0"g-ar spiral -o a"g (s!%a%-a" o0!' 0!"g-&"g;I!"g-&"g pa(a a0&r. U"t&- sa0&ra" (!"ga" 0!"g-&"g;0!"g-&"g a"g ta8a/ p!/%!ra"
pasa"ga"
pa(a
ta"gg&0
0&ar
%sa
0!%'
!-o"o/s (arpa(a /!"&r&"-a" -!#!pata" rata;rata. Apa%0a (ata a"g t!rs!(a (0apa"ga" t(a- (a0a/ sst!/ US9S /a-a (p!r0&-a" a(a"a ta/%a'a" ">or/as -o"G!rs (ar sst!/ US9S -! sst!/ -0asf-as a"g 0a" (!"ga" (!/-a" t(a- p!r0& (0a-&-a" t!st ta"a' a"g %ar&. B!r-&t " a(a0a' -o"G!rs -0asf-as (ar US9S -! (a0a/ -0asf-as AAS6TO 8-a (ata a"g t!rs!(a (a0a/ %!"t&- -0asf-as AAS6TO.
Tabel (.&. Perbandingan Sistem Uni"ed USCS dengan Sistem //SHT0 Kel((" ana 9an/ )e$an%'n/ %en/an )')e AASHTO
Kel(2(" Tana. S')e
Un'e%
San/a ,!n/"'n A;1;a
,!n/"'n
;
P
A;1;a
A;1;%
Ke!n/"'nan Ke*'l A;2;, A;2;$ A;2;* A;2;4
A;3 A;2;, A;2;$ A;2;* A;2;4
M
9
S
A;1;% A;2;, A;2;$ A;2;4 A;2;* A;2;4 A;1;%
A;2;*
A;, A;$ A;* A;4;$
A;2;, A;*
A;4;* A;1;a A;, A;4;*
A;1;a
A;4;$ A;3 A;2;, A;2;$ A;2;* A;2;4
SP
SM S9
A;1;a
A;2;, A;2;$
A;1;% A;2;, A;2;$ A;2;4
A;2;* A;,
A;2;* A;2;4 A;* A;4;*
A;$
A;4;* A;1;a
A;2;* A;2;4
A;2;, A;*
A;4;$
A;3 A;1;%
A;, A;4;* ML
A;, A;$
A;* A;4;$
;
9L
A;* A;4;*
A;,
;
OL
A;, A;$
A;* A;4;$
;
A;4;* M6
A;4;$ A;$
;
A;4;*
96
A;4;*
A;4;$
;
O6
A;4;$ A;$
;
A;4;*
;
;
;
Pt
3.3. P((n/an ,el'nan/ )al!&an 3.3.1. Ge(e&'
U"t&- /!"ga0r-a" ar (!"ga" p!"a/pa"g %asa' s!-!#0 /&"g-" poto"ga" /!0"ta"g a"g %!r%!"t&- s!t!"ga' 0"g-ara" a(a0a' a"g t!r%a-. Usa'a &"t&- /!"(apat-a" %!"t&- a"g (!a0 (ar s!g '(ro0s (!"ga" sa0&ra" ta"a' %!r%!"t&- trap!s&/ a-a" #!"(!r&"g /!"g'as0-a" poto"ga" /!0"ta"g a"g t!r0a0& (a0a/ ata& s!/pt. 6a"a pa(a sa0&ra" (!"ga" (!%t r!"#a"a sa/pa (!"ga" 7$ /3(t sa8a a"g poto"ga" /!0"ta"g"a (apat /!"(!-at %!"t&- s!t!"ga' 0"g-ara". Sa0&ra" (!"ga" (!%t r!"#a"a a"g t"gg pa(a &/&/"a 0!%ar (a" (a"g-a0 (!"ga" p!r%a"("ga" %' " sa/pa 17 ata& 0!%'. 6arga " a"g t"gg &"t&- (!%t;(!%t a"g 0!%' %!sar a(a0a' p!r0& s!%a% 8-a t(a- -!#!pata" r!"#a"a a-a" /!0!%' %atas -!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a"g (="-a". L!%';0!%' 0ag sa0&ra" a"g 0!%' 0!%ar /!/p&"a Garas /&-a ar s!(-t sa8a (!"ga" (!%t a"g %!r&%a';&%a' (a" " /!/p!r/&(a' p!/%aga" ar. Pa(a sa0&ra" a"g 0!%ar !>!- !ros ata& p!"g-sa" ta0&t sa0&ra" t(a- t!r0a0& %!ra-%at s!r&s t!r'a(ap -apastas (!%t. Da" -ar!"a -!t"gga" ar a"g t!r%atas -!sta%0a" ta0&t (apat (p!ro0!' ta"pa /!/!r0&-a" %a'& %!r/ ta/%a'a". K!r&ga" &ta/a (ar sa0&ra" a"g 0!%ar (a" (a"g-a0 a(a0a' p!rsarata" p!/%!%asa" ta"a' (a" p!"gga0a""a 0!%' t"gg (a" (!"ga" (!/-a" %aa p!0a-sa"aa""a s!#ara &/&/ 0!%' /a'a0.
La/pra" 2 Ta%!0 A.2.1 /!/%!r-a" 'arga;'arga / " (a" &"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra".
3.3.2. Ke'&'n/an Sal!&an
U"t&- /!"!-a" %aa p!/%!%asa" ta"a' (a" p!"gga0a" ta0&t sa0&ra" (r!"#a"a s!#&ra/ /&"g-". Ba'a" ta"a' -!(a0a/a"
sa0&ra"
(a"
t!r;8a("a
r!/%!sa"
a-a"
/!"!"t&-a" -!/r"ga" /a-s/&/ &"t&- ta0&t a"g sta%0.
K!/r"ga" ga0a" /"/&/ &"t&- %!r%aga %a'a" ta"a' (sa8-a" pa(a Ta%!0 3.2.
6arga 'arga -!/r"ga" /"/&/ &"t&- sa0&ra" ta"a' a"g (%&at (!"ga" %a'a" %a'a" -o'!s> a"g (pa(at-a" (!"ga" %a- (%!r-a" pa(a Ta%!0 3.3. (a" a/%ar 3.,. Tabel (.&. +emiringan minimum talut untuk berbagai bahan tanah
Ba'a" ta"a'
Bat& a/%&t -!"a0
S/%o0
Ksara" -!/r"ga" 72$
Pt
1 2
L!/p&"g -!"a0 g!0&'∗ Ta"a' 0&s 9L 96 M6 L!/p&"g pasra" ta"a'
1 2
pasra" -o'!s>
S9 SM
1$ 2$
Pasr 0a"a&a"
SM
2 3
a/%ar 0&"a-
Pt
3 ,
$
∗
Geluh 1 #loam$ adalah ampuran pasir2 lempung dan 3umpur yang kira4kira sama banyaknya
Tabel (.(. +emiringan talut mnimum untuk saluran timbunan yang dipadatkan dengan baik
K!(a0a/a" ar t"gg 8agaa" D / D V 17 17 D V 27 DQ 27
K!/r"ga" /"/&/ ta0&t
11 1 1$ 12
Ta0&t a"g 0!%' 0a"(a (arpa(a a"g t!0a' (s!%&t-a" (a0a/ ta%!0 ( atas 'ar&s (pa-a apa%0a (p!r-ra-a" a-a" t!r8a( r!/%!sa" -! (a0a/ sa0&ra". U"t&- ta"gg&0 a"g t"gg"a 0!%' (ar 3 / 0!%ar %a'& %!r/ ta"gg&0 'ar&s (%&at s!-&ra"g;-&ra"g"a 1 / s!tap 3 /. Ba'& ta"gg&0 'ar&s (%&at s!t"gg /&-a ar r!"#a"a ( sa0&ra". U"t&- -!/r"a" 0&ar %a'& ta"gg&0 8-a p!r0& 'ar&s t!r0!ta- ( t!"ga';t!"ga' a"tara %aga" atas (a" pa"g-a0 ta"gg&0.
3.3.3. Len/"!n/ Sal!&an
L!"g-&"g a"g (="-a" &"t&- sa0&ra" ta"a' %!rga"t&"g -!pa(a -
U-&ra" (a" -apastas sa0&ra" J!"s ta"a' K!#!pata" a0ra".
Jar;8ar /"/&/ 0!"g-&"g s!p!rt a"g (&-&r pa(a as 'ar&s (a/%0 s!-&ra"g;-&ra"g"a + -a0 0!%ar atas pa(a 0!%ar p!r/&-aa" ar r!"#a"a.
J-a 0!"g-&"g sa0&ra" (%!r pasa"ga" /a-a 8ar;8ar /"/&/"a
(apat
(-&ra"g.
Pasa"ga"
s!/a#a/
"
s!%a-"a
(p!rt/%a"g-a" apa%0a 8ar 8ar 0!"g-&"g sa0&ra" ta"pa pasa"ga" t!r0a0& %!sar &"t&- -!a(aa" topograf s!t!/pat. Pa"8a"g pasa"ga" 'ar&s (%&at pa0"g s!(-t , -a0 -!(a0a/a" ar pa(a t-&"ga" sa0&ra". Jar;8ar /"/&/ &"t&- 0!"g-&"g sa0&ra" a"g (%!r pasa"ga" 'ar&s s!p!rt %!r-&t -
3 -a0 0!%ar p!r/&-aa" ar &"t&- sa0&ra";sa0&ra" -!#0 7* /3(t (a" sa/pa (!"ga"
-
4 -a0 0!%ar p!r/&-aa" ar &"t&- sa0&ra";sa0&ra" a"g %!sar Q 17 /3(t.
3.3.4. T'n//' :a/aan
T"gg 8agaa" %!rg&"a &"t&- -
M!"a--a" /&-a ar ( atas t"gg /&-a ar /a-s/&/
-
M!"#!ga' -!r&sa-a" ta"gg& sa0&ra"
M!""gg"a /&-a ar sa/pa ( atas t"gg a"g t!0a' (r!"#a"a %sa (s!%a%-a" o0!' p!"&t&pa" p"t& s!#ara t%a; t%a (s!%!0a' '0r Garas " a-a" %!rta/%a' (!"ga" /!/%!sar"a (!%t. M!""gg"a /&-a ar (apat p&0a (a-%at-a" o0!' p!"ga0ra" ar %&a"ga" -! (a0a/ sa0&ra".
T"gg 8agaa" /"/&/ a"g (%!r-a" pa(a sa0&ra" pr/!r (a" s!-&"(!r (-at-a" (!"ga" (!%t r!"#a"a sa0&ra" s!p!rt a"g (p!r0'at-a" (a0a/ Ta%!0 3., (a" a/%ar 3.,.
Tabel (.. Tinggi 6agaan minimum untuk saluran tanah
? /3 (t
T"gg Jagaa" /
7$ 7$ 1$
7,7 7$7
1$ $7
7*7
$7 177
74$
177 1$7
7+$
Q 1$7
177
3.3.5. Le$a& Tan//!l
U"t&- t&8&a" t&8&a" !-sp0otas p!/!0'araa" (a" "sp!-s a-a" (p!r0&--a" ta"gg&0 ( s!pa"8a"g sa0&ra" (!"ga" 0!%ar /"/&/ s!p!rt a"g (sa8-a" pa(a Ta%!0 3.$. 9o"to' #o"to' poto"ga" /!0"ta"g"a (%!r-a" pa(a a/%ar 3.,. Tabel (.5. 3ebar 7inimum Tanggul (!%t r!"#a"a
ta"pa 8a0a" I"sp!-s /
(!"ga" 8a0a" "sp!-s
1? $
177 1$7
377 $77
$ ? V 17
277
$77
17 ? V 1$
3$7
$77
? Q 1$
3$7
≈ $77
3
/ (t ?V1
/
Ja0a" "sp!-s t!r0!ta- (t!p sa0&ra" ( ss a"g (ar agar %a"g&"a" sa(ap (apat (#apa s!#ara 0a"gs&"g (a" &sa'a p!"a(apa" 0ar /a-" s&0t (0a-&-a". L!%ar 8a0a" "sp!-s (!"ga" p!r-!rasa" a(a0a' $7 / ata& 0!%' (!"ga" 0!%ar p!r-!rasa" s!-&ra"g;-&ra"g"a 37 /!t!r.
U"t&- p!rt/%a"ga" sta%0tas ta"gg&0 0!%ar ta"gg&0 a"g (%!r-a"
pa(a Ta%!0 3.$ (a"ata& ta0&t 0&ar (apat (ta/%a' 0'at Ba% 5 Baga" KP ; 7, Ba"g&"a".
debit s i r a ' s a t a b
sempadan saluran
+00
n a r u l a s n a d a p m e s
100
b
sempadan saluran
ar
n a r u l a s
Q m³/dt
s i n r a a d ' a s p a t m a e b s
/ 0
40
0 / 1
0
1 / 0
&0
0 / 100
%
100 / 10
$
1
1
1
m
kupasan 20 ,m
Q ≤ 1 m³/dt
10
sempadan saluran
a '
100
sempadan
00
n a r u l a s n a d a s i r
tinggi jagaan W (cm)
100
+00
1
100
b 3ar
200
b 3ar
10
saluran
sempadan saluran
5 / Q ≤ 10 m³/dt
1 ≤ Q / 5 m³/dt batas 'aris
1 5 20
sempadan saluran
w h 3ar
1
1
p s
m e s a t a b
1
m m
kupasan
20 ,m
1 m³/dt ≤ 6 ≤ 10 m³/dt sempadan saluran
b 3ar
00 1 5 20
n a r u l a s
sempadan saluran
+0 1 5 20
1
n a r u l a s
n s i a r a d ' a s a t p a m b e s
n a d a p
1
m e s s i r a ' s a t a b
1
h
1
w 3ar
1 m
1 m
kupasan 20 ,m
ukuran dalam cm
10 m³/dt ≤ 6 ≤ 1 m³/dt n a r u l a s
n a d a p m e s s i r a ' s a t a b
≥ 00
b 3ar
1 5 20 w h
1
Q ≥ 15 m³/dt
3ar 1
m m
kedalaman galian cm 78h9w 1
s n i r a r a l u ' s a s a t a b n
1
a d a p
m e s
1
kemiringan talud min hor. / ver. 1 1
sempadan saluran
2
Gambar (. Tipe ) tipe potongan melintang saluran irigasi
3.3.+. Ga&') Sea%an Sal!&an
P!"!tapa" gars s!/pa(a" 8ar"ga" rgas (t&8&-a" &"t&/!"8aga agar >&"gs 8ar"ga" rgas t(a- t!rga"gg& o0!' a-tGtas a"g %!r-!/%a"g (s!-tar"a.
Pr"sp (asar p!"!"t&a" gars s!/pa(a" sa0&ra" a(a0a' &"t&/!/p!ro0!'
r&a"g
-!a/a"a"
sa0&ra"
a-tGtas a"g %!r-!/%a"g (0&ar
rgas
s!'"gga
gars t!rs!%&t t(a-
/!/p!"gar&' -!sta%0a" sa0&ra" a"g (t&"8&--a" o0!' %atas (a!ra' g!0"#r. L'at ga/%ar 3.$.
5n 1
Gambar (.5. 8idang gelinir pada tebing saluran
Pa(a sa0&ra" %!rta"gg&0 %atas g!0"#r (p!"gar&' o0!' 8!"s ta"a' a"g (pa-a s!%aga %a'a" %a(a" ta"gg&0 8!"s ta"a' (asar -!t"gga" ta"gg&0 (a" -!/r"ga" ta"gg&0. Pa(a sa0&ra" ga0a" %atas g!0"#r (p!"gar&' o0!' 8!"s ta"a' as0 -!/r"ga" ga0a" (a" t"gg ga0a".
Pa(a -as&s (/a"a %a'a" t/%&"a" &"t&- ta"gg&0 sa0&ra" (a/%0 (ar ga0a" ta"a' (s!-tar sa0&ra" /a-a ga0a" ta"a' 'ar&s t!r0!ta- (0&ar
gars s!/pa(a" sa0&ra". 1.
ars s!/pa(a" sa0&ra" rgas ta- %!rta"gg&0 -
ars s!/pa(a" sa0&ra" rgas ta- %!rta"gg&0 s!%aga/a"a t!r#a"t&/ (a0a/ a/%ar 3.* " 8ara-"a (&-&r (ar t!p 0&ar part (ra"as! ( -a"a" (a" -r sa0&ra" rgas.
-
Jara- gars s!/pa(a" s!-&ra"g;-&ra"g"a sa/a (!"ga" -!(a0a/a" sa0&ra" rgas
-
U"t&- sa0&ra" rgas a"g /!/p&"a -!(a0a/a" -&ra"g (ar sat& /!t!r 8ara- gars s!/pa(a" s!-&ra"g;-&ra"g"a sat& /!t!r.
Gambar (.9 Sempadan saluran irigasi tak bertanggul
2.
ars s!/pa(a" sa0&ra" rgas %!rta"gg&0 -
ars
s!/pa(a"
sa0&ra"
rgas
%!rta"gg&0
s!%aga/a"a t!r#a"t&/ (a0a/ a/%ar 3.4 " (&-&r (ar ss 0&ar -a- ta"gg&0 -
Jara- gars s!/pa(a" s!-&ra"g;-&ra"g"a sa/a (!"ga" -!t"gga" ta"gg&0 sa0&ra" rgas
-
U"t&- ta"gg&0 a"g /!/p&"a -!t"gga" -&ra"g (ar sat& /!t!r 8ara- gars s!/pa(a" s!-&ra"g; -&ra"g"a sat& /!t!r.
Jalan Inspeksi
Sempadan Sempadan
=T
=T
Ketinggian Tanggul = T
Sisi terluar Jar. irigasi
Gambar (.: Sempadan saluran irigasi bertanggul
3.
ars s!/pa(a" sa0&ra" rgas pa(a 0!r!"gt!%"g -
ars s!/pa(a" sa0&ra" rgas a"g t!r0!ta- pa(a 0!r!"gWt!%"g
s!%aga/a"a
t!r#a"t&/
(a0a/
a/%ar 3.+ " /!"g-&t -rt!ra s!%aga %!r-&t a. (&-&r (ar t!p 0&ar part (ra"as! &"t&- ss 0!r!"g ( atas sa0&ra" %. (&-&r (ar ss 0&ar -a- ta"gg&0 &"t&- ss 0!r!"g ( %a)a' sa0&ra" -
Jara- gars s!/pa(a" &"t&- ss 0!r!"g ( atas sa0&ra"
s!-&ra"g;-&ra"g"a
sa/a
(!"ga"
-!(a0a/a" sa0&ra" rgas. -
Jara- gars s!/pa(a" &"t&- ss 0!r!"g ( %a)a' sa0&ra"
s!-&ra"g;-&ra"g"a
-!t"gga" ta"gg&0 sa0&ra" rgas.
sa/a
(!"ga"
Gambar (.; Sempadan saluran irigasi di lereng
,.
ars s!/pa(a" sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g rgas -
ars s!/pa(a"
sa0&ra"
p!/%&a"g rgas
ta-
%!rta"gg&0 8ara-"a (&-&r (ar t!p 0&ar -a"a" (a" -r sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g rgas (a" gars s!/pa(a" sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g rgas %!rta"gg&0 (&-&r (ar ss 0&ar -a- ta"gg&0 -
ars s!/pa(a" sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g rgas 8ara-"a (&-&r (ar sst!p 0&ar sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g rgas ata& sst!p 0&ar 8a0a" "sp!-s.
-
Krt!ra p!"!tapa" 8ara- gars s!/pa(a" sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g rgas sa/a (!"ga" p!"!tapa" pa(a sa0&ra" rgas s!%aga/a"a (/a-s&( pa(a po"t 1 (a" 2.
P!/asa"ga" pato- t!tap s!pa"8a"g gars s!/pa(a" (!"ga" 8ara- /a-s/a0 177 / pa(a sa0&ra" r!0at> 0&r&s /"/a0 s!tap 2$ / pa(a t-&"ga" sa0&ra" ata& 0!%' rapat s!s&a
(!"ga" gars 0"g-ar t-&"ga". D!ta0 pato- %atas s!/pa(a" (apat (0'at ( KP 7,.
3.3.-. Pe&en*anaan Sal!&an Gen%(n/ 3.3.-.1. Ga$a&an U!
Sa0&ra" !"(o"g a(a0a' sa0&ra" (ra"as a"g (0!ta--a" s!8a8ar (!"ga" sa0&ra" rgas. Sa0&ra" g!"(o"g " %!r>&"gs /!"#!ga' a0ra" p!r/&-aa" Run 0< ( 0&ar (a!ra' rgas ekstern area /as&- -!(a0a/ sa0&ra" rgas. Ar ( sa0&ra" g!"(o"g " (a0r-a" -!0&ar -! sa0&ra" a0a/ ata& sa0&ra" (ra"as %&ata" a"g t!r(!-at.
Sa0&ra" g!"(o"g " (%a"g&"(-o"str&-s apa%0a s&at& sa0&ra" rgas /!0"tas s&at& (a!ra';(a!ra' ( p!r%&-ta". Tata 0!ta- sa0&ra" g!"(o"g (a" sa0&ra" rgas (apat (0'at pa(a ga/%ar ( %a)a' ".
:alan atau ;an''ul Saluran
Saluran #endon' Saluran
Gambar (.= Potongan 7elintang Saluran Gendong dan Saluran !rigasi
Kapastas (ra"as &"t&- sat& 8!"s (a!ra' (atara" t"gg up land ata& (atara" r!"(a' lo land &/&/"a /!"gg&"a-a"
p!ro(! &0a"g #&ra' '&8a" $ ta'&"a". S!(a"g p!ro(! 27
ta'&"a" -'&s&s (g&"a-a" pa(a ar!a0 a"g /!/p&"a (&a 8!"s (atara" at& (atara" t"gg (a" (atara" r!"(a'.
3.3.-.2. Taa Ca&a %an Da)a& Pe&'!n/an
D!%t (ra"as (t!"t&-a" &"t&- /!"!"t&-a" -apastas (a" (/!"s
%a"g&"a"
sa0&ra"
(ra"as
&"t&-
/!/%&a"g
-!0!%'a" ar a"g a(a ( p!r/&-aa" (ra"as p!r/&-aa" t!r&ta/a a"g %!rasa0 (ar (a!ra' p!r%&-ta" hilly area. Kapastas (!%t (ra"as " /!"!"t&-a" (/!"s sa0&ra" (a" -!/r"ga" /!/a"8a"g (ar sa0&ra".
Da0a/ 'a0 /!/>as0tas "t!r"a0 (ra" /a-a (g&"a-a" p!r't&"ga" (!"ga" #ara (ra"as /o(&0 s!(a"g-a" &"t&!-st!r"a0 (ra" (g&"a-a" /!to(! raso"a0. P!r't&"ga" (!%t (apat (0'at pa(a KP;71. 3.3.-.3. D'en)' Sal!&an Gen%(n/ A. San%a& Kaa)'a)
Sa0&ra" rgas a"g /!0"tas s&at& p!r%&-ta" &"t&/!"#!ga' a0ra" r&" o@ ar '&8a" (a" !ros (ar ar!a0 p!r%&-ta" t!rs!%&t /as&- -! sa0&ra" rgas /a-a p!r0& (%&at sa0&ra" (ra"as a"g s!8a8ar sa0&ra" rgas t!rs!%&t &"t&- /!/%&a"g a0ra" r&" o@ t!rs!%&t -! sa0&ra" a0a/ a"g t!r(!-at.
B!sar a0ra" ( sa0&ra" g!"(o"g (r!"#a"a-a" pa(a p&"#aa0ra" a"g ('t&"g s!p!rt /!to(! a"g t!0a' (8!0as-a" pa(a s&%;%a% (atas.
M!"&r&t P!(o/a" 6(ro0s DPMA 15+, Sta"(ar -apastas sa0&ra" (t!"t&-a" s!%aga %!r-&t 1. M!"gg&"a-a" (!%t /"/&/ 177 / 3(t sa/pa 277 /3(t (!"ga" -!"a-a" 72$ / 3(t.
2. M!0!%' 277 /3(t /!"gg&"a-a" -!"a-a" 7$ / 3(t
B. Ka&a"e&')'" )al!&an /en%(n/
1. D/!"s ('t&"g %!r(asar-a" r&/&s Ma"""g (!"ga" -o!fs!" -!-asara" " 773. U"t&- -apastas sa0&ra" g!"(o"g 0!%' %!sar , /3(t (pa-a " 772$. 2. K!/r"ga" ta0&( ((asar-a" s>at;s>at (ar ta"a' (/a"a sa0&ra" g!"(o"g 'ar&s (ga0. K!/r"ga" (a0a/ sa0&ra" 1$ 'orso"ta0 t!r'a(ap G!rt-a0 (a" (r!-o/!"(as-a" -!(a0a/a" ar 1$ / ata& -&ra"g (/a"a raso p!r%a"("ga" 'orso"ta0 G!rt-a0 a(a0a' 2 1. 3. Dra"as /!0a0& ar!a0 a"g #&ra/ 'ar&s /!/p&"a -!/r"ga" /!/a"8a"g (a" %atas t!"aga tar- s!%aga %!r-&t T
7* -g/2 ata& -&ra"g &"t&- ? X 1$ / 3(t
T
73$ -g/2 &"t&- ? 1$ /3(t
,. T"gg Jagaa" T"gg 8agaa" $7 #/ &"t&- sa0&ra" s!8a8ar 8a0a" (a" 37 #/ &"t&- -o"(s sa0&ra" g!"(o"g 0a""a. $. L!%ar Ta"gg&0 (a" K!/r"ga" Ta"gg&0 Ss L&ar L!%ar ta"gg&0 s!%a-"a #&-&p &"t&- /!0aa" 8a0a" ta" 0!%ar 0a""a (r!-o/!"(as /"/&/ ,7 #/. *. K!/r"ga" ta"gg&0 0&ar &"t&- s!/&a sa0&ra" (ra" a(a0a' 11. 4. Batas K!#!pata" Sa0&ra" !"(o"g
K!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a"g (8"-a" pa(a sa0&ra" g!"(o"g sa/a (!"ga" %atas /a-s/&/ -!#!pata" p!/%&a"g ata& rgas s!p!rt a"g t!0a' (&ra-a" pa(a pasa0 3.2.,.
+. K!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a"g (8"-a" pa(a sa0&ra" g!"(o"g
a(a0a'
-!#!pata"
rata;rata
a"g
t(a-
/!"!%a%-a" !ros ( p!r/&-aa".
3.3.-.4. Kele$'an %an Keleaan Sal!&an Gen%(n/
F&"gs sa0&ra" g!"(o"g &"t&- /!"a/p&"g ar a0ra" r&"o@ (ar (a!ra' ta"g-apa" ss atas s!0a/a )a-t& t!rt!"t& s!'"gga t(a- /!"!%a%-a" !ros pa(a ss 0&ar sa0&ra" rgas -!0!/a'a" p!/0'a" #ara " a. Dp!r0&-a" 0!%ar a"g #&-&p 0&as &"t&- p!"!/pata" (&a sa0&ra" ( t!%"g. %. D!%t sa0&ra" g!"(o"g 8-a t(a- /!/!"&' -apastas (!%t ar %&a"ga" a-a" /as&- -! sa0&ra". 9ara /!"gatas"a (!"ga" sa0&ra" p!0/pa' pa(a 0o-as t!rt!"t&. #. M!/!r0&-a" p!ra)ata" a-%at "t!"stas s!(/!" (ar ss atas sa"gat t"gg. (. D/!"s sa0&ra" g!"(o"g (apat #&-&p %!sar 8-a ar!a ta"g-apa" '&8a""a #&-&p 0&as. 3.4. P((n/an ,ean;an/ 3.4.1. ,!"a a'& 9an/ %'e&l!"an
T"gg /&-a ar a"g ("g"-a" (a0a/ 8ar"ga" &ta/a ((asar-a" pa(a t"gg /&-a ar a"g (p!r0&-a" ( sa)a'; sa)a'
a"g
(ar
Pros!(&r"a
a(a0a'
p!rta/a;ta/a
/!"g't&"g t"gg /&-a ar a"g (p!r0&-a" ( %a"g&"a" sa(ap t!rs!r. La0& s!0&r&' -!'0a"ga" ( sa0&ra" -&art!r (a" t!rs!r s!rta %a"g&"a" (8&/0a'-a" /!"8a( t"gg /&-a ar ( sa)a' a"g (p!r0&-a" (a0a/ p!ta- t!rs!r.
K!t"gga" " (ta/%a' 0ag (!"ga" -!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg ( %a"g&"a" sa(ap t!rs!r (a" 0o"ggara" p!rs!(aa" &"t&Garas /&-a ar a-%at !-sp0otas 8ar"ga" &ta/a pa(a t"gg /&-a ar parsa0 s!%aga". a/%ar 3.17 %!r-&t /!/%!r-a" 0&stras /!"g!"a #ara p!r't&"ga""a. S!0a"8&t"a &"t&- -!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg sta"(ar a"g (p0' 0'at Baga" KP ; 7$ P!ta- T!rs!r. Saluran primer atau sekunder
Saluran tersier =
Saluran kuarter
h "
Sawah
d e
P
,
b
H
h
h
100
%0
<
a * 00 A
!
!
a
!
-an'unan sadap tersier den'an alat ukur 'oron' ) 'oron'
-o> ba'i tersier
-o> ba'i kuarter
Gambar (.'> Tinggi 8angunan sadap tersier yang diperlukan
PA%#(!>g' ( /a"a P
/&-a ar ( sa0&ra" s!-&"(!r
A
!0!Gas t!rt"gg ( sa)a'
a
0apsa" ar ( sa)a' ? 17 #/
b
-!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg ( sa0&ra" -&art!r -! sa)a' ? $ #/
c
-!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg ( %o-s %ag -&art!r ? $ #/%o-s
d
-!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg s!0a/a p!"ga0ra" (sa0&ra" rgas I L
!
-!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg ( %o-s %ag t!rs!r ? 17 #/
>
-!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg ( goro"g;goro"g ? $ #/
-!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg ( %a"g&"a" sa(ap t!rs!r
g H Z
Garas t"gg /&-a ar 717 ' 177 -!(a0a/a" r!"#a"a -!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg ( %a"g&"a";%a"g&"a" t!rs!r a"g 0a".
K!0!/a'a"
p!r't&"ga"
s!#ara
-o"G!"so"a0
(apat
/!"g'as0-a" !0!Gas %a"g&"a" rgas a"g t!r0a0& a/a" "a/&" #ara " 0!%' s!(!r'a"a s!'"gga (apat (t!rap-a" &"t&- rgas s!(!r'a"a (a" rgas s-a0a -!#0.
U"t&- rgas a"g 0!%' 0&as s-a0a %!sar p!r0& p!r't&"ga" a"g
0!%'
t!0t
/!"(!-at
-!%!"ara".
Yat&
(!"ga"
/!/p!r't&"g-a" a(a"a p!"gar&' p!/%!"(&"ga" %a#)at!r (ar %a"g&"a" '0r (o)"str!a/ t!r'a(ap %a"g&"a" '&0& &p str!a/. 6a0 " a-a" /!"!%a%-a" p!"g&ra"ga" -!'0a"ga" t"gg a"g (%&t&'-a". A-&/&0as p!"g&ra"ga" t"gg (a0a/ s!0&r&' sst!/ (apat /!/p&"a "0a a"g p!r0& (p!rt/%a"g-a". S!t!0a' (!%t -!%&t&'a" ar ('t&"g /a-a ((apat-a" (!%t -!%&t&'a"
ar
s!0a/a
-!%&t&'a"
ar
pa(a
s!ta'&"
p!ro(!
s!rta
sat&
(!%t
/"gg&a"
/a-s/&/ ata&
(&a
/"gg&a" t!rt!"t&. D!%t /a-s/&/ ? /a-s a"g ((apat (a0a/ -!"ataa" op!ras"a 'a"a (a0r-a" s!0a/a sat& /"gg& ata& (&a /"gg& pa(a p!ro(! s!s&a -!%&t&'a""a.
S!0a" (ar (!%t (a0a/ /!0a-&-a" (!sa" sa0&ra" !0!Gas /&-a ar ( sa0&ra" (t!"t&-a" %!r(asar-a" -!t"gga" sa)a' -!/r"ga" sa0&ra" (a" -!'0a"ga" t"gg ( %a"g&"a" t!rs!r
(/a"a !0!Gas t!rs!%&t 'ar&s t!rp!"&' s&paa 8&/0a' ar a"g /as&- -! sa)a' s!s&a (!"ga" -!%&t&'a".
J-a (a0a/ p!r't&"ga" (/!"s sa0&ra" /!"gg&"a-a" ? /a-s (!"ga" -!t"gga" /&-a ar 6 a"g -!8a(a""a s!0a/a sat& /"gg& ata& (&a /"gg& sa8a s!0a/a s!ta'&" /a-a -!t-a ? 0!%' -!#0 (ar ? /a-s a-%at"a -!t"gga" /&-a ar 0!%' -!#0 (ar 6 (a" a-a" /!"ga-%at-a" t(a- t!rp!"&'"a !0!Gas /&-a ar a"g (%&t&'-a" &"t&- /!"ga0r-a" ar -! sa)a' s!'"gga (!%t a"g (%&t&'-a" p!ta- t!rs!r t(at!rp!"&'. U"t&- /!"gatas " /a-a p"t& p!"gat&r /&-a ar (t&r&"-a" s!(!/-a" s!'"gga /&-a ar "a- pa(a !0!Gas a"g (%&t&'-a" &"t&- ar sa/pa (sa)a'.
B!r(asar-a" p!/-ra" (atas a"g /!"8a( p!r/asa0a'a" a(a0a' %!rapa p!"g&ra"ga" (!%t a"g /as' (to0!rr s!'"gga p!/%aga" ar t(a- t!rga"gg& ta"pa /!"!t!0 %a"g&"a" p!"gat&r /&-a ar. Ka0a& to0!ra"s p!"g&ra"ga" (!%t -!#0 /a-a >r!-&!"s p!"!t!0a" %a"g&"a" p!"gat&r a-a" /!"8a( 0!%' s!r"gH s!%a0-"a 8-a to0!ra"s (!%t %!sar /a-a >r!-&!"s p!"!t!0a" /!"8a( 8ara"g.
A"g-a a"g #&-&p /!/a(a a(a0a' p!"gg&"aa" ? +$ (!"ga" -!t"gga" 7.57 6. Lo"ggara" &"t&- Garas /&-a ar ' (t!tap-a" 717 '0OO 717 -!(a0a/a" ar r!"#a"a H 757 '0OO a(a0a' -!(a0a/a" ar p!r-raa" pa(a +$ p!rs!" (ar ?r!"#a"a. Apa%0a pros!(&r " /!"!%a%-a" /&-a ar 8ar"ga" &ta/a "a- ( atas /&-a ta"a' /a-a p!"g&ra"ga" t"gg /&-a ar t!rs!r (apat (p!rt/%a"g-a". St&as (!/-a" (apat t!r8a(
pa(a topograf a"g sa"gat (atar ( /a"a -!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg a"g t!r8a( pa(a %a"g&"a";%a"g&"a" ( p!ta- t!rs!r (apat /!"a/%a' t"gg
/&-a ar a"g (p!r0&-a" ( 8ar"ga" &ta/a 8a&' ( atas /&-a ta"a'. Da0a/ 'a0;'a0 s!p!rt t& 8ar"ga" t!rs!r 'ar&s (%!"a' -!/%a0 (a" -a0a& /&"g-" -!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg 'ar&s (p!r-!#0 s!%aga" (a!ra' /&"g-" t!rpa-sa t(a- (ar. Op!ras /&-a ar parsa0 sa"gat &/&/ t!r8a( ( 8ar"ga" rgas ( I"(o"!sa. K!%&t&'a" ar rgas pa(a (!%t r!"#a"a %!r0a"gs&"g s!%!"tar sa8a ( /&s/ ta"a/ pa(a 'arga r!"#a"a /a-s/&/. D sa/p"g t& t!rs!(a"a ar ( s&"ga t(a- a-a" s!0a/a"a #&-&p &"t&- /!"gop!ras-a" 8ar"ga" pa(a (!%t r!"#a"a. 3.4.2. Ke'&'n/an ,ean;an/
K!/r"ga" /!/a"8a"g (t!"t&-a" t!r&ta/a o0!' -!a(aa" topograf
-!/r"ga"
sa0&ra"
/!"g-&t
gars /&-a
ta"a'
a-a" pa(a
s!%a"a-;/&"g-" tras!
a"g
(p0'.
K!/r"ga" /!/a"8a"g sa0&ra" /!/p&"a 'arga /a-s/&/ (a" /"/&/. Usa'a p!"#!ga'a" t!r8a("a s!(/!"tas /!/!r0&-a" -!/r"ga" /!/a"8a"g a"g /"/&/. U"t&/!"#!ga' t!r8a("a !ros -!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a0ra" 'ar&s (%atas. 3.4.2.1
Ke'&'n/an ,'n'!
S!%aga/a"a t!0a' (%#ara-a" (a0a/ pasa0 3.2.3 &"t&/!"#!ga' s!(/!"tas 'arga I√R '!"(a-"a (p!r%!sar -! ara' '0r. Da0a/ pra-t!- p!r!"#a"aa" -rt!ra " t(a- s&0t &"t&- (-&t. Pa(a &/&/"a -!/r"ga" ta"a' %!rta/%a' %!sar -! ara' '0r (!/-a" p&0a 'arga I √RH %a'-a" apa%0a 'arga √R %!r-&ra"g pa(a )a-t& sa0&ra" /!"g!#0. <
3.4.2.2 Ke'&'n/an a")'!
B0a /a"a -o"(s %a'a" ta"a' pa(a tras! s&(a' (-!ta'& /a-a -!;#!pata" (asar a"g (="-a" G G% &"t&- /!"#!ga' !ros (apat (t!"t&-a" %ag r&as sa0&ra" s!%aga/a"a t!0a' (%#ara-a" (a0a/ pasa0 3.2.,. P!r0& (#atat %a')a -!#!pata" r!"#a"a a"g %asa"a (a/%0 &"t&- ta"a';ta"a' -o'!s> pa(a &/&/"a 0!%' r!"(a' (arpa(a -!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a"g (="-a" &"t&- ta"a' ". Eros pa(a sa0&ra" rgas 8ara"g s!-a0.
3.4.2.3 Pe&en*anaan Ke'&'n/an Sal!&an U"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" -!/r"ga" sa0&ra" a-a" (pa-a a/%ar A.2.1 Da0a/ graf- " tap tt- (!"ga" (!%t r!"#a"a ? (a" -!/r"ga" sa0&ra" I /!r&pa-a" poto"ga" /!0"ta"g sa0&ra" (!"ga" G ' % R / (a" -. U"t&- tap tt- a-a" ('t&"g 'arga I√R (a" -!#!pata" (asar r!"#a"a G %( -!#!pata" r!"#a"a a"g s!s&"gg&'"a (-o"G!rs /!"8a( -!#!pata" &"t&- sa0&ra" a"g (a0a/"a 1 / (!"ga" a/%ar 3.3.% S!0a"8&t"a gars gars I√R -o"sta" (a" -!#!pata" (asar r!"#a"a G %( (p0ot pa(a graf-. 6arga;'arga / " (a" - &"t&- poto"ga" /!0"ta"g (a/%0 (ar pasa0 3.2 (a" 3.3 pa(a p!r!"#a"aa" ".
Da0a/ -!a(aa" -'&s&s (/a"a -!/r"ga" 0a'a" r!0at> (atar (a"ata& t(a- s!0&r&'"a s!(/!" (8"-a" /as&- -! sa)a' /a-a s!%aga" s!(/!" %o0!' (!"(ap-a" pa(a t!/pat; t!/pat t!rt!"t&.
Dt!/pat " s!(/!" (!"(ap-a" (a" (r!"#a"a-a" %a"g&"a" p!"g!0&ar s!(/!" S!(/!"t E#0&(!r &"t&- /!/%&a"g !"(apa" ( t!/pat p!rs0a"ga" s&"ga ata& t!/pat 0a" a"g
/!/&"g-"-a". U"t&- t& 'arga I √R (apat 0!%' -!#0 (ar r&as s!%!0&/"a.
a/%ar A.2.1 a-a" (g&"a-a" &"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" -!/r"ga" sa0&ra". Da0a/ %aga" " /as"g;/as"g tt- (!"ga" (!%t r!"#a"a ?( (a" -!/r"ga" sa0&ra" I a(a0a' poto"ga" /!0"ta"g sa0&ra" (!"ga" &-&ra" t!tap &"t&- % ' (a" / -o!fs!" -!-asara" (a" -!#!pata" a0ra".
Da0a/
p!r!"#a"aa"
sa0&ra" s!%a-"a
(-&t
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0a"g-a' s!%aga %!r-&t 1. T!"t&-a" (!%t r!"#a"a s!rta -!/r"ga" a"g t!r%a&"t&- tap r&as sa0&ra" %!r(asar-a" -!/r"ga" /!(a" a"g a(a (a" !0!Gas %a"g&"a" sa(ap t!rs!r a"g (p!r0&-a" 2. P0ot-a" (ata;(ata ?;I &"t&- /as"g;/as"g r&as sa0&ra" %!r-&t"a /&0a (ar %a"g&"a" &ta/a '"gga &8&"g sa0&ra" s!-&"(!r 3. T!"t&-a" 'arga -!#!pata" (asar a"g (="-a" G%a %ag s!tap r&as sa0&ra" %!r(asar-a" -o"(s ta"a' (!"ga" ga/%ar 3.2.% (a" 3.3.a ,. 9!- apa-a' gars I √R s!/a-" %!rta/%a' %!sar -! ara' '0r $. 9!- apa-a' -!#!pata" (asar r!"#a"a %G( t(a- /!0a/pa& -!#!pata" (asar a"g (="-a" G %a. *. J-a pa(a 0a"g-a' , (a" $ t(a- (8&/pa /asa0a' apa p&" /a-a p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" a-a" (s!0!sa-a" (!"ga" 'arga;'arga -!/r"ga" a"g (p0' (ar 0a"g-a' 1. 4. K!/r"ga" sa0&ra" (apat (/o(f-as s!%aga %!r-&t
-
B0a -!#!pata" r!"#a"a /!0!%' -!#!pata" a"g (="-a" /a-a %!sar"a -!/r"ga" sa0&ra" a-a" (p0' (a" /&"g-" a-a" (p!r0&-a" %a"g&"a" t!r8&"
-
B0a -!/r"ga" sa0&ra" pa(a 0a"g-a' 1 &"t&- s&at& r&as
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Da0a/ La/pra" A (%!r-a" r"#a" 0!%' 0a"8&t /!"g!"a p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra". Da0a/ pros!(&r p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" (apat t/%&0 -!s&0ta"; -!s&0ta" %!r-&t 1.
K!/r"ga" /!(a" a"g #&ra/ K!#!pata" (asar r!"#a"a G %( (!"ga" -!/r"ga" /!(a" a"g a(a /&"g-" /!0a/pa& %atas -!#!pata" (asar a"g (="-a" G %a. &"a /!"g&ra"g -!#!pata" r!"#a"a -!/r"ga" sa0&ra" a-a" (a/%0 0!%' 0a"(a (arpa(a -!/r"ga"
ta"a'.
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(p!r't&"g-a" pa(a %a"g&"a" t!r8&". a/%ar 3.* a-a" (g&"a-a" &"t&- /!/0' -!/r"ga" r!"#a"a sa0&ra". 2.
K!/r"ga" /"/&/ sa0&ra" pr/!r gars t"gg K!/r"ga" (asar /"/&/ a"g %!"ar;%!"ar t!pat &"t& 8ar"ga"
rgas
a"g
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s!(/!"
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(t!"t&-a". J&/0a' (ata /!"g!"a a"g-&ta" s!(/!" 'a0&s sa"gat s!(-t. D sa/p"g t& (ata;(ata statstt!"ta"g s!(/!" s!r"g -&ra"g /!/a(a. 6arga I√R a"g (pa-a &"t&- sa0&ra" pr/!r 'ar&s 0!%' %!sar (ar 'arga I√R -a"to"g 0&/p&r (a0a/ -!a(aa" p!"&'. 3.
Sa0&ra" s!-&"(!r (!"ga" -!/r"ga" /!(a" -!#0
U"t&- sa0&ra" s!-&"(!r (!/-a" 'arga I √R s!%a-"a pa0"g t(a- sa/a (!"ga" 'arga I √R r&as sa0&ra" s!%!0a' '&0&. 6a0 " /!"ga#&
pa(a (%&at"a %aga" '&0& sa0&ra" s!-&"(!r (a0a/ t/%&"a" agar -!/r"ga" %!rta/%a'. 3.5. S'aan Penaan/ Sal!&an Tana
Spata" p!"a/pa"g sa0&ra" ta"a' (p!r0&-a" (a0a/ ra"g-a /!/p!r/&(a' p!/!0'araa" sa0&ra" ( -!/&(a" 'ar. Pa(a sa0&ra" ta"a' ta"pa pasa"ga" a"g /as' %ar& as sa0&ra" %atas ta"gg&0 0!%ar ta"gg&0 /as' t!r0'at prof0"a "a/&" (!"ga" %!r8a0a""a )a-t& ta"(a ta"(a ta( a-a" /a-" -a%&r %a'-a" as sa0&ra" t(a- pa(a as r!"#a"a sa0&ra" ta("a. D%!%!rapa t!/pat sa0&ra" s&(a' t(a- 0ag 0&r&s ata& pa(a %!0o-a" t!0a' %!r&%a' 8ar 8ar -!0!"g-&"ga""a. 6a0 " a-a" /!r&pa-a" -!"(a0a pa(a )a-t& a-a" (0a-&-a" r!'a%0tas sa0&ra". Spata" p!"a/pa"g a"g (/a-s&( (apat (0a-&-a" (!"ga" #ara /!/%&at spata" 0""g (ar pasa"ga" %at&%!to" (!"ga" 0!%ar 7$ 177 /. P!"!/pata" spata" /"/a0 3 spata" (a0a/ 1 r&as sa0&ra" /a-s/&/ 377 / a"tar spata". P!/%&ata" spata" " (/a-s&(-a" %sa s!%aga %!"#' /ar-a#&a"
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L!%ar 7$ 1 /
L""g Pasa"ga" %at& -a0 %!to"
Gambar (.''. Denah dan tipe potongan melintang sipatan
4.
SALURAN PASANGAN
4.1.
Ke/!naan Sal!&an Pa)an/an
Sa0&ra" pasa"ga" 0""g (/a-s&(-a" &"t&- ,.
M!"#!ga' -!'0a"ga" ar a-%at r!/%!sa"
$.
M!"#!ga' g!r&sa" (a" !ros
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M!"#!ga' /!ra8a0!0a"a t&/%&'a" ar
4.
M!"g&ra"g %aa p!/!0'araa"
+.
M!/%!r;-!0o"ggara" &"t&- 0!"g-&"g a"g 0!%' %!sar
5.
Ta"a' a"g (%!%as-a" 0!%' -!#0
Ta"(a;ta"(a a(a"a -!/&"g-"a" t!r8a("a p!r!/%!sa" (a0a/
8&/0a'
%!sar
(apat
(0'at
(ar
p!ta
ta"a'.
P!"!0(-a" ta"a' (!"ga" #ara p!/%ora" (a" p!"gga0a" s&/&ra" &8 ( a0&r sa0&ra" a-a" 0!%' %a"a- /!/%!r-a" ">or/as
/!"g!"a
-!/&"g-"a"
t!r8a("a
r!/%!sa".
Pasa"ga" /&"g-" 'a"a (p!r0&-a" &"t&- r&as;r&as sa0&ra" a"g pa"8a"g"a t!r%atas.
Da0a/ /!/p!r-ra-a" -!'0a"ga" ar ( sa0&ra" (apat (0a-&-a" (!"ga" 3 #ara 1. D!"ga" /!0a-&-a" p!"g&-&ra" ( 0apa"ga" . D0a-&-a" &8 p!"g&-&ra" -!'0a"ga" ar (!"ga" #ara /!0a-&-a" s&rG! p!"g&-&ra" %!sar"a (!%t a0ra" /as&- (a" -!0&ar (ar s&at& r&as sa0&ra". . D!"ga"
/!to(! p!"gg!"a"ga P!"g&-&ra" Go0&/! ". -!'0a"ga ar 8a"g-a )a-t& t!rt!"t& (%ag 0&as " s!0a/a p!"!/pa"g %asa' sa0&ra" a-a" /!g'as0-a" %!sar"a -!'0a"ga" ar p!r / 2.
2. M!/a-a a"g-a r!/%!sa" 'as0 p!"g&-&ra" t!r(a'&0& &"t& 8!"s
3. ta"a' a"g sa/a s!p!rt t!rt&a"g pa(a Ta%!0 ,.1 %!r-&t. Tabel .'. /ngka4angka hasil pengukuran rembesan
Ba"a-"a r!/%!sa" p!r 2, Tp! Mat!ra0 8a/ a"g /!0a0& -!00"g %asa' /3'r -
K!r-0 a"g /!"8a( sat& (a" ta"a' -!ras Ta"a' 0at
7775*3
-
- Sa"( 0oa/
7711*1
- A%& G&0-a"s
771+42
-
A%& G&0-a"s (!"ga" pasr - Pasr (a" a%& G&0-a"s ata& 0at Ta"a' %!rpasr (!"ga" #a(as
77152$ 77244$
-
Ta"a' %!r-!r-0 %!rpasr
77335+ 77,4$4 77*237
A"g-a;a"g-a t!rs!%&t (atas (g&"a-a" &"t&p!r-raa" p!r/&0aa" %a"a-"a r!/%!sa" a"g s!r&s /a-a (a/%0 s!%aga %atas r!/%!sa" s!%!sar 71$4 / 3 p!r /2 p!r 'ar. J-a %a"a- r!/%!sa" /!0!%' "0a t!rs!%&t /a-a sa0&ra" 'ar&s /!/a-a pasa"ga".
,. M!"gg&"a-a" r&/&s r!/%!sa" (ar Mort= USBR B!sar"a r!/%!sa" (apat ('t&"g (!"ga" r&/&s Mort= USBR
= 0,035! Q "
:.. ,.1
D/a"a S
-!'0a"ga" a-%at r!/%!sa" / 3(t p!r -/ pa"8a"g sa0&ra"
? (!%t /3 (t v
-!#!pata" /(t
9 -o!fs!" ta"a' r!/%!sa" /'ar 773$ >a-tor -o"sta"ta /-/ 6arga 'arga 9 (apat (a/%0 s!p!rt pa(a Ta%!0 ,.2. Tabel .&. Harga ) harga koe"sien tanah rembesan C
J!"s ta"a'
6arga 9 / 'ar
K!r-0 s!/!"tas (a" 0apsa" p!"a'a" 'ar(pa" (!"ga" g!0&' pasra"
717
L!/p&"g (a" g!0&' 0!/p&"ga"
712
!0&' pasra"
727
A%& Go0-a"-
721
Pasr (a" a%& Go0-a"- ata& 0!/p&"g
734
L!/p&"g pasra" (!"ga" %at&
7$1
Bat& pasra" (a" -!r-0a"
7*4
K!/r"ga"
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/&"g-"
s!(!/-a"
s!'"gga
-!#!pata" a0ra" a"g ('as0-a" /!0!%' -!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a"g (="-a" &"t&- %a'a" ta"a'. Baa p!/%&ata" pasa"ga"
sa0&ra"
'!"(a-"a
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/&ra'. J-a 'a0 " t(a- /&"g-" /a-a 0!%' %a- ta0&t
sa0&ra"
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;en')
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(!"ga"
Ba"a- %a'a" a"g (apat (pa-a &"t&- pasa"ga" sa0&ra" 0'at FAO Kraat= 1544. T!tap pa(a pra-t!-"a ( I"(o"!sa 'a"a a(a !/pat %a'a" a"g (a"8&r-a" p!/a-aa""a 17. Pasa"ga" %at& 11. B!to" 12. Ta"a' 13. Dapat 8&ga /!"gg&"a-a" B!to" F!rro #!/!"t
P!/%&ata" pasa"ga" (ar %a'a";%a'a" 0a" t(a- (a"8&r-a" (!"ga" a0asa" s&0t"a /!/p!ro0!' p!rs!(aa" %a'a" t!-"p!0a-sa"aa" a"g 0!%' r&/t (a" -!0!/a'a";-!0!/a'a" %a'a" t& s!"(r
Pasa"ga" %at& (a" %!to" 0!%' #o#o- &"t&- s!/&a -!p!r0&a" -!#&a0 &"t&- p!r%a-a" sta%0tas ta"gg&0. Pasa"ga" ta"a' 'a"a #o#o- &"t&- p!"g!"(a0a" r!/%!sa" (a" p!r%a-a" sta%0tas ta"gg&0.
T!rs!(a"a %a'a" ( (!-at t!/pat p!0a-sa"aa" -o"str&-s /!r&pa-a" >a-tor
a"g p!"t"g
(a0a/
p!/0'a"
8!"s
pasa"ga". J-a %a'a" %at& t!rs!(a /a-a pa(a &/&/"a (a"8&r-a" p!/a-aa" pasa"ga" %at&. Pasa"ga" (ar %ata /!ra' /&"g-" %sa 8&ga (pa-a.
A0ra"
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t!rs!%&t. K!#!pata" /a-s/&/ (%atas (a" %!rat pasa"ga" 'ar&s /!/a(a &"t&- /!"g/%a"g gaa t!-a" -! atas.
S!%aga a0t!r"at> 8!"s;8!"s 0""g (!)asa " s&(a' /&0a %a"a- (ap0-as-a" p!"gg&"aa" /at!ra0 >!rro#!/!" &"t&sa0&ra" rgas (a" %a"g&"a" ar. Str&-t&r >!ros!/!" a"g /&(a' (-!r8a-a" (a" ra/a' 0"g-&"ga" sa"gat #o#o- &"t&(t!rap-a" (%!r%aga %!"t&- -o"str&-s. B!"t&- p!"&0a"ga" a"g t!rs!%ar /!rata 'a/pr (s!0&r&' %aga" str&-t&r /!/&"g-"-a" &"t&- (%&at str&-t&r tps (!"ga" %!r%aga %!"t&- str&-t&r s!s&a (!"ga" -r!as p!r!"#a"a"a. 4.2.1. L'n'n/ Pe&!"aan Ke&a)
L""g P!r/&-aa" -!ras (apat t!r(r (ar p0!st!ra" pasa"ga" %at& -a0 ata& %!to". T!%a0 /"/&/ &"t&- pasa"ga" %at& (a/%0 37 #/. U"t&- %!to" t&/%&- t!%a0"a pa0"g t(a- + #/ &"t&- sa0&ra" -!#0 a"g (-o"str&-s (!"ga" %a- sa/pa (!"ga" * /3(t $2 (a" 17 #/ &"t&- sa0&ra" a"g 0!%' %!sar. T!%a0 /"/&/ pasa"ga" %!to" %!rt&0a"g a(a0a' 4 #/. T!%a0 /"/&/ pasa"ga" %!to" >!rro#!/!"t a(a0a' 3 9/. U"t&pasa"ga" s!/!" ta"a' ata& s!/!" ta"a' a"g (pa(at-a" t!%a0 /"/&/ (a/%0 17 #/ &"t&- sa0&ra" -!#0 (a" 1$ #/ &"t&- sa0&ra" a"g 0!%' %!sar.
Sta%0tas pasa"ga" p!r/&-aa" -!ras '!"(a-"a (#!- &"t&/!"g!ta'& t!-a"a" ar ta"a' ( %a0- pasa"ga". J-a sta%0tas pasa"ga"
t!rga"gg&
(p!rt/%a"g-a"
&"t&-
p!/%&a"g /!/%&at
/a-a
-o"str&-s
s!%a-"a p!/%!%as
t!-a"a" 0&%a"g p!/%&a"g. S!0a"8&t"a 0'at Baga" KP ; 7, Ba"g&"a". 4.2.2. Tana
T!%a0 pasa"ga" ta"a' (a/%0 *7 #/ &"t&- (asar sa0&ra" (a" 4$ #/ &"t&- ta0&t sa0&ra".
Pasa"ga" #a/p&ra" -o/%"as s!p!rt a"g (t&"8&--a" pa(a a/%ar
,.1
(apat
(pa-a
8&ga.
P!/0'a"
8!"s
pasa"ga" a-a" %!rga"t&"g -!pa(a -o"(s (a" %a'a" a"g t!rs!(a. D!ta0 -o"str&-s pasa"ga" (p!r0'at-a" (a0a/ a/%ar P!r!"#a"aa" Sta"(ar. 4.2.3. L'n'n/ e&&(*een
F!rro#!/!"t a(a0a' s&at& tp! ("("g tps %!to" %!rt&0a"g a"g (%&at (ar /ortar s!/!" '(ro0s (%!r t&0a"ga" (!"ga" -a)at a"a/-a)at 8a0a )r!/!s' a"g /!"!r&s (a" 0apsa" a"g rapat s!rta &-&ra" -a)at r!0at> -!#0. A"a/a" " %sa %!rasa0 (ar 0oga/ ata& /at!ra0 0a" a"g t!rs!(a. K!'a0&sa" (a" -o/poss /atr-s /ortar s!'ar&s"a s!s&a (!"ga" sst!/ a"a/a" (a" s!0/&t p!/%&"g-&s"a. Mortar a"g (g&"a-a" (apat 8&ga (%!r s!rat f%!r. P!r%!(aa" >!ros!/!" (!"ga" %!to" %!rt&0a"g a"tara 0a" 1. S>at Fs-
2.
•
L!%' tps
•
M!/0- t&0a"ga" -!t!%a0a""a
•
P!"&0a"ga" 2 ara'
•
Matr-s"a 'a"a t!r(r (ar agr!gat 'a0&s (a" s!/!"
a"g
t!r(str%&s
pa(a
s!tap
S>at M!-a"•
S>at;s>at s!raga/ (a0a/ 2 ara'
•
U/&/"a /!/0- -&at tar- (a" -&at 0!"t&r a"g t"gg
•
M!/0- rato t&0a"ga" a"g t"gg
Pros!s r!ta- (a" p!r0&asa" r!ta- a"g %!r%!(a pa(a %!%a" tar-
•
•
D&-t0tas /!""g-at s!8a0a" (!"ga" p!""g-ata" raso t&0a"ga" a"a/
•
K!(ap ar t"gg
3.
•
L!/a' t!r'a(ap t!/p!rat&r t"gg
•
K!ta'a"a" t!r'a(ap %!%a" -!8&t 0!%' t"gg
Pros!s p!/%&ata" p!/!0'araa" p!r%a-a" • M!to(! p!/%&ata" %!r%!(a (!"ga" %!to" %!rt&0a"g • T(a- /!/!r0&-a" -!a'0a" -'&s&s. • Sa"gat /&(a' (a0a/ p!ra)ata" (a" p!r%a-a" • Baa -o"str&-s &"t&- ap0-as ( 0a&t 0!%' /&ra'
(%a"("g-a" -a& %!to" %!rt&0a"g ata& • /at!ra0 -o/post.
Ba'a" >!rro#!/!" t!r(r (ar #a/p&ra" s!/!" pasr a"g (%!r t&0a"ga" %!s %!to" (!"ga" (a/!t!r
∅ *
// ata&
∅ +
// (a" -a)at aa/. P!r%a"("ga" s!/!" (a" pasr a"g &/&/
(g&"a-a"
a(a0a'
13.
U"t&-
0!%'
s!-sa/a
p!r%a"("ga" (t!tap-a" (ar p!"g&8a" 0a%orator&/.
K!0!%'a" (ar 0"""g sa0&ra" /!"gg&"a-a" >!rro#!/!" " a"tara 0a"
•
%aa -o"str&-s 0!%' r!"(a' (arpa(a 0"""g -o"G!"so"a0 0a""a
•
(ar s!g -!-&ata" %!to" >!rro#!/!" /!/p&"a -!-&ata" 0!%' t"gg
•
(a"
(ar
/!/p&"a
s!g
%!rat
-o"str&-s
-o"str&-s 0!%'
%!to"
r"ga"
>!rro#!/!"
s!'"gga
(apat
(g&"a-a" ( ta"a' a"g /!/p&"a (aa (&-&"g a"g r!"(a'
B!"t&- a"g &/&/ (pa-a (a0a/ sa0&ra" rgas a(a0a' %!"t&- U tapa0
-&(a.
Gambar .' Potongan Saluran 3inning ,erroemen berbentuk tapal kuda
U"t&- /!"g't&"g (/!"s sa0&ra" 0"""g >!rro#!/!"t t!tap /!"gg&"a-a" para/!t!r;para/!t!r r&/&s Str#-0!r (!"ga" "0a -!-asara" &"t&- %!to" -47.
D/!"s /a-s/&/ p!"&0a"ga" >!rro#!/!" (t!"t&-a" s!#ara !/prs
pa(a
(0a-sa"a-a".
%a"g&"a";%a"g&"a" Jar;8ar
p!"a/pa"g
s!8!"s
>!rro#!/!"
a(a0a' r 7,$ / ata& /a-s/&/ % 7.57 /. w 8 020
h
r
a"g
p!r"a'
/"/&/
) t"gg 8agaa" / 71 72 / I -!/r"ga" /!/a"8a"g sa0&ra" ' r
t"gg ar (%aga" t!ga- 0&r&s 8ar;8ar -!0!"g-&"ga" /
%
2r
A
% ' @ . r2
P
2' @ . r
R AP V
- R 23 I12
?A
D (a0a/ sa0&ra" >!rro#!/!" (!"ga" p!"a/pa"g tapa0 -&(a " (sarat-a" t(a- t/%&0 ata& t!r8a( !"(apa" (a0a/ sa0&ra". Ma-a /"/&/ -!#!pata" a0ra" (t!tap-a" G Q 7* /(t agar pasr ata& 0&/p&r t(a- /!"g!"(ap (s!pa"8a"g sa0&ra". D/asa /!"(ata"g >!rro#!/!" a"g s&(a' t!r%&-t a"(a0 (a" !-o"o/s %sa (g&"a-a" %!"t&-;%!"t&- 0a" a"g s!#ara t!-"s !-o"o/s sosa0 (apat (t!r/a.
Gambar .&. Tipe ) tipe pasangan saluran
4.3.
Pe&en*anaan H'%&(l')
4.3.1. Ke*eaan ,a")'! K!#!pata";-!#!pata" /a-s/&/ &"t&- a0ra" s&%-rts %!r-&t " (a";
8&r-a" p!/a-aa""a - pasa"ga" %at&
-!#!pata" /a-s/&/ 2 /(t
- pasa"ga" %!to"
-!#!pata" /a-s/&/ 3 /(t
- pasa"ga" ta"a'
E -!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a"g (="-a"
s!p!rt t!rt&a"g (a0a/ %a% 2., . - F!rro#!/!"
-!#!pata" 3 /(t
K!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a"g (="-a" 8&ga a-a" /!"!"t&-a" -!#!pata"
r!"#a"a &"t&- (asar
sa0&ra" ta"a' (!"ga"
pasa"ga" #a/p&ra". Pros!(&r p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" &"t&sa0&ra"
(!"ga"
pasa"ga"
ta"a'
a(a0a'
sa/a
(!"ga"
pros!(&r p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" ta"a' s!p!rt a"g (%#ara-a" (a0a/ Ba% 3. D (a0a/ sa0&ra" >!rro#!/!" (!"ga" p!"a/pa"g tapa0 -&(a " (sarat-a" t(a- t/%&0 ata& t!r8a( !"(apa" (a0a/ sa0&ra". Ma-a /"/&/ -!#!pata" a0ra" (t!tap-a" G Q 7* /(t agar pasr ata& 0&/p&r t(a- /!"g!"(ap (s!pa"8a"g sa0&ra".
P!"g't&"ga"
%0a"ga"
Fro&(!
a(a0a'
p!"t"g
apa%0a
(p!rt/%a"g-a" p!/a-aa" -!#!pata" a0ra" (a" -!/r"ga" sa0&ra" a"g t"gg. U"t&- a0ra" a"g sta%0 %0a"ga" Fro&(! 'ar&s -&ra"g (ar 7$$ &"t&- a0ra" s&% -rts. ata& 0!%' (ar 1, &"t&- a0ra" s&p!r-rts. Sa0&ra" (!"ga" %0a"ga" Fro&(! a"tara 7$$ (a" 1, (apat /!/0- po0a a0ra" (!"ga" g!0o/%a"g t!ga- /&-a ar %!rg!0o/%a"g. a"g a-a" /!r&sa- -!/r"ga" ta0&t. 6arga; 'arga - &"t&- sa0&ra" " (apat /!"/pa"g sa/pa 27
p!rs!" (ar 'arga a"ggapa" a"g /!"!%a%-a" %0a"ga" Fro&(! /!"(!-at sat&. O0!' -ar!"a t& -sara" 7$$ ;1, a(a0a' r!0at> 0!%ar. U"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" (!"ga" -!/r"ga" /!(a" a"g t!rat&r.
s!p!rt a"g (%a'as (a0a/ Ba% 3. %0a"ga" Fro&(! a-a" -&ra"g (ar 73 (a" (!"ga" (!/-a" ( %a)a' 7$$.
Apa%0a t!r8a( a0ra" s&p!r-rts %a"g&"a" (p!r't&"g-a" s!%aga got /r"g. B0a"ga" Fro&(! &"t&- sa0&ra" (t!"t&-a" s!%aga
F g <'
g ' / " 12 2 / "
..... ,.2
D/a"a F
%0a"ga" Fro&(!
v
-!#!pata" a0ra" /(t
w
0!%ar pa(a p!r/&-aa" ar /
A
0&as poto"ga" /!0"ta"g %asa' /Z
g
p!r#!pata" graGtas /(t 2 ≈ 5+
/
-!/r"ga" ta0&t sa0&ra" 1 G!rt. / 'or.
n
p!r%a"("ga" 0!%ar (asar -!(a0a/a" ar
4.3.2. K(e)'en Ke"a)a&an
Ko!fs!" -!-asara" p!/a-aa""a a(a0a' - Pasa"g %at&
Str#-0!r - / 13(t a"g (a"8&r-a"
*7 /13(t
-
Pasa"g %!to"
47 /13(t
-
Pasa"g ta"a'
3$ ,$ /13(t
-
F!rro#!/!"
47 /13(t
6arga 'arga &"t&- pasa"ga" -!ras 'a"a a-a" (#apa 8-a pasa"ga" t& (-o"str&-s (!"ga" %a-.
p P 8 - 8
6arga 'arga &"t&- pasa"ga" ta"a' /rp 'arga 'arga &"t&- sa0&ra" ta"a' (!"ga" Garas Garas s!p!rt a"g (%#ara-a" (a0a/ pasa0 3.2.
U"t&- poto"ga" /!0"ta"g (!"ga" -o/%"as %!r%aga /a#a/
%a'a"
p!r/&-aa"
a-a"
pasa"ga"
-!-asara"
%!r%!(a;%!(a
/as"g;/as"g
%!rGaras.
-!-asara" #a/p&ra" ('t&"g (!"ga" r&/&s %!r-&t n
#i
2 3
Ko!fs!"
∑
k = p2 3
15 k i
:.. ,.3
1
D /a"a - -o!fs!" -!-asara" Str#-0!r &"t&- poto"ga" /!0"ta"g /13(t -!00"g %asa' / -!00"g %asa' %aga" (ar poto"ga" /!0"ta"g / -o!fs!" -!-asara" %aga" (ar poto"ga" /!0"ta"g /13(t. 4.3.3. Pe&en*anaan !n!" al'&an )!$"&'')
P!r!"#a"aa" '(ro0s /!"g-&t pros!(&r a"g sar"a s!p!rt pa(a p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" ta"pa pasa"ga" a"g (%#ara-a" (a0a/ Ba% 3. Sa0&ra" pasa"ga" %at& (a" %!to" /!/p&"a -o!fs!" Str#-0!r a"g 0!%' t"gg. A-%at"a poto"ga" /!0"ta"g &"t&- sa0&ra";sa0&ra" ta"pa pasa"ga" " a-a" 0!%' -!#0 (arpa(a poto"ga" /!0"ta"g &"t&- sa0&ra" ta"a' (!"ga" -apastas (!%t a"g sa/a. R&as sa0&ra" pasa"ga" (r!"#a"a /!"&r&t -rt!ra a"g-&ta"
s!(/!" (a" (!"ga" (!/-a" /!"g-&t 1√R -o"sta" -!(a0a/a"
ar
-!(a0a/a"
ar
&"t&-
sa0&ra"
sa0&ra"
pasa"ga"
ta"pa
sa/a
(!"ga"
pasa"ga".s!p!rt
a"g
(%#ara-a" (a0a/ Ba% 3. L!%ar (asar 0!%' -!#0 (arpa(a 0!%ar (asar &"t&- sa0&ra" ta"pa pasa"ga". -ar!"a 'arga -o!fs!" Str#-0!r a"g 0!%' t"gg pa(a sa0&ra" pasa"ga". U"t&- sa0&ra" pasa"ga" -!/r"ga" ta0&t %sa (%&at 0!%' #&ra/. U"t&- sa0&ra" a"g 0!%' -!#0 ' 7.,7 / -!/r"ga" ta0&t (%&at G!rt-a0. Sa0&ra";sa0&ra" %!sar /&"g-" 8&ga /!/p&"a -!/r"ga" ta0&t a"g t!ga- (a" (r!"#a"a-a" s!%aga [&/.
U"t&-
sa0&ra"
a"g
0!%'
%!sar
-!/r"ga"
sa/p"g
/"/&/ 1 1 &"t&- ' sa/pa (!"ga" 74$ /. U"t&- sa0&ra" a"g 0!%' %!sar 'arga;'arga -!/r"ga" ta0&t pa(a Ta%!0 ,.2 (a"8&r-a" p!/a-aa""a
Tabel .( Harga4harga kemiringan talut untuk saluran pasangan
J!"s ta"a'
' 74$ / 74$ / ' 1$ /
L!/p&"g pasra" Ta"a' pasra" -o'!s>
1
1
Ta"a' pasra" 0!pas
1
12$
!0&' pasra" 0!/p&"g %!rpor Ta"a' ga/%&t 0&"a-
1
1$
12$
1$
K'&s&s"a sa0&ra";sa0&ra" a"g 0!%' %!sar sta%0tas ta0&t a"g (%!r pasa"ga" 'ar&s (p!r-sa agar t(a- t!r8a(
g!0"#r (a" s!%aga"a. T!-a"a" ar (ar %!0a-a"g pasa"ga" /!r&pa-a" >a-tor p!"t"g (a0a/ -!s!/%a"ga" ".
4.3.4. Len/"!n/ Sal!&an
Jar;8ar /"/&/ 0!"g-&"g &"t&- sa0&ra" pasa"ga" (a/%0 tga -a0 0!%ar p!r/&-aa" ar. J-a (%&t&'-a" t-&"ga"a"g 0!%' ta8a/ /a-a /&"g-" (p!r0&-a" -"#r p!"gara' g&(! Ga"! agar s!%ara" a0ra" ( &8&"g t-&"ga" t& 0!%' /!rata K!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg ta/%a'a" 8&ga 'ar&s (p!r't&"g-a". 4.3.5. T'n//' :a/aan
6arga;'arga /"/&/ &"t&- t"gg 8agaa" a(a0a' s!p!rt a"g (sa8-a" pa(a Ta%!0 ,.3. 6arga;'arga t!rs!%&t (a/%0 (ar USBR. Ta%!0 " 8&ga /!"&"8&--a" t"gg 8agaa" ta"gg&0 ta"a' a"g sa/a (!"ga" ta"gg&0 sa0&ra" ta"a' ta"pa pasa"ga". Tabel .. Tinggi ?agaan untuk saluran Pasangan
D!%t /3(t
Ta"gg&0 F
Pasa"ga" F1
/
/
7$
7$ 1$
7,7 7$7
727 727
1$ $7
7*7
72$
7$ 177
74$
737
177 1$7
7+$
7,7
Q 1$7
177
7$7
5. TEROWONGAN DAN SALURAN TERTUTUP TERTUTUP 5.1. Pea"a'an
P!/a-aa" t!ro)o"ga" (a"8&r-a" apa%0a tras! sa0&ra" a-a" /!"ga/!"ga-%a %att-a" a" poto"g poto"ga" a" /!0"t /!0"ta"g a"g %!ra(a %!ra(a 8a&' 8a&' ( (a0ar (a0ar" " ga0a". Sa0&ra"
t!rt&t&p
8&ga
(s!%&t
sa0&ra"
ga0;tr"%&"
/!r&pa-a" p!/!#a'a" a"g (a"8&r-a" pa(a %a'a" ta"a' ( /a"a
p!"gga0a"
ta0&t
a"g
(a0a/
sa"gat
/&"g-"
/!"!%a%-a" t!r8a("a 0o"gsora". Sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p ( s!pa"8a"g t!p s&"ga (!"ga" t"gg r"&-a ar ar sa0& sa0&ra ra" " ( %a)a %a)a' ' t"g t"gg g /&-a /&-a %a"8 %a"8r r s!r s!r"g "g (8& (8&/p /pa a.. P!/%&a"g s0a"g -! (a0a/ sa0&ra" %a)a' ta"a' /&"g-" 8&ga /!/%&t&'-a" s!%&a' sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p. Krt!ra;-rt!ra p!"t"g &"t&- t!ro)o"ga" (a" sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p a(a0a' 1. Topo opograf graf.. 2. !o0og 3. K!(a0 !(a0a/ a/a" a" ta"a ta"a' ' ,. Ko"( o"(s s ar ar ta" ta"a' a'.. 5.1.1 5.1.1 T((/&a ((/&a
Tras! Tras! sa0&ra" t!rp!"(!- /&"g-" /!0"tas (atara" ta"a' t"g t"gg g ata& ata& (a!r (a!ra a' %!r%& !r%&-t; t;%&- %&-tt. Da0a Da0a/ / 'a0 'a0 " a-a" (p!rt (p!rt/% /%a"g a"g-a -a" " p!"gga p!"gga0a 0a" " a"g a"g (a0a/ (a0a/ ata& ata& p!/%&a p!/%&ata" ta" t!ro)o t!ro)o"ga "ga" " s!%aga s!%aga a0t!r a0t!r"at "at> > (ar (ar p!/%&a p!/%&ata" ta" tras! tras! a"g a"g pa"8a"g (!"ga" t"gg /&-a ta"a' a"g 0!%' r!"(a'. Baa
p!/%&ata" sa0&ra" 8&ga a-a" (%a"("g-a" (!"ga" %aa p!r /!t!r &"t&- p!/%&ata" t!ro)o"ga" ata& sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p.
5.1.2 Ge(l(/'
Tp! s!rta -&a0tas ta"a' (a" %at&a" p!"&t&p /!/p!"gar&' #ara #ara p!0a p!0a-s -sa" a"aa aa" " (a" (a" %a %aa" a"a a.. D%& D%&t& t&''-a" a" -!t!r !t!ra" a"ga ga" " /!"g!"a
ta"a'
(a"
%at&a"
pa(a
tras!
a"g
(p!rt/%a"g-a" g&"a /!"g!Ga0&as a0t!r"at> p!r!"#a"aa". K'&s&s K'&s&s"a "a &"t&&"t&- a0t!r a0t!r"at "at> > t!ro)o t!ro)o"ga "ga" " p!r!"# p!r!"#a"a a"aa" a" a-a" a-a" /!"# /!"#aa-&p &p
%a %aa a
p!r% p!r%a" a"( ("g "ga" a"
%!r %!r(asa (asarr-a" a"
'as 'as0; 0;'a 'as s00
p!"!0(-a" g!o0og t!-"- p!"(a'&0&a". La"g-a' %!r-&t"a a"g a"g 'ar& 'ar&s s (a/ (a/% %00 a(a0 a(a0a' a' p!" p!"!0 !0( (-a" a" (!ta (!ta0 0 (a" (a" st&( st&( t!"ta"g a0t!r"at> a"g (p0'. 5.1.3 Ke%alaan /al'an
Pa(a &/&/"a ga0a" s!(a0a/ 17 / a-a" /!"ga#& pa(a (%& (%&at at" "a a
t!r t!ro)o" o)o"ga ga". ". s!%a s!%aga ga
#ara #ara p!/! p!/!#a #a'a 'a" "
pa0 pa0"g "g
!>!-t>. Pa"8a"g tota0 t!ro)o"ga" s!rta -o"(s g!o0og t!-"(apat s!(-t /!/p!"gar&' a"g-a p!"&t&p 17 / t!rs!%&t. 5.1.4 K(n%')' A'& ana
Asp!-;asp!- %!r-&t 'ar&s (p!r'at-a" -o"(s ar ta"a' • t!-a"a" tota0 ( (a0a/ tras! a-a" /!/!r0&-a" pasa"ga"
a"g #&-&p -&at ( s!pa"8a"g %a"g&"a" (a" 'a0 " s!#ara 0a"gs&"g /!"a/%a' %aa p!0a-sa"aa". • ar a"g /!/%a)a part-!0;part-!0 ta"a' %sa /!/p!rs&0t
p!0a-;sa"aa" t!ro)o"ga". a0ra" ar ( p!r/&p!r/&-aa" aa" (apat (apat /!/p!r /!/p!rs&0 s&0t t p!0a-s p!0a-sa"a a"aa" a" • a0ra" p!"gga0a" (a" p!"/%&"a" sa0&ra".
5.2. Ben!" – $en!" %an K&'e&'a H'%&(l') 5.2.1.
Te&((n/an
5.2.1.1=K(n%')' 5.2.1.1=K(n%')' Al'&an
T!ro)o"ga" T!ro)o"ga"
a"g
(pa-a
(a0a/
8ar"ga"
rgas
a-a"
(r!"#a"a s!%aga a0ra" %!%as s!%aga" p!"&'. P!r%!(aa" t"gg !"!rg a"g %!r0!%'a" pa(a as &"t&- /!/p!r't"g-a" t!-a"a" t!ro)o"ga" 8ara"g a(a. 5.2. 5.2.1. 1.2 2 Ben Ben!" !" (( ((n/ n/an an el' el'n nan an/ /
B!"t&- a"g pa0"g &/&/ &"t&- s!%&a' t!ro)o"ga" a0ra" %!%as a(a0a' tp! tapa0 -&(a porta0 %&0at (a" %&0at 0'at a/%ar $.1.
B!"t !"t&- tapa tapa00 -&(a &(a (a" (a" por porta0 ta0 %&0at &0at t!r t!rs!% s!%&t /!/ /!/0 0- -ara-t!rst- '(ro0s a"g %ag&s &"t&- -o"(s a0ra" %!%as. Jagaa" (apat (p!ro0!' ta"pa t!r0a0& %a"a- -!'0a"ga" 0&as poto"ga" /!0"ta"g (a" 0a"gt;0a"gt a"g %&0at /!/%!r-a" p!"a"gga %a"g&"a".
B!"t B!"t&&- a"g a"g %&0a %&0att 0!% 0!%' ' #o#o #o#o- &"t& &"t&- ppa ppa t!-a t!-a" " ( /a"a /a"a t!-a"a t!-a"a" " (a0a/ (a0a/ (a"at (a"ata& a& 0&ar 0&ar t"gg t"gg.. S!%aga S!%aga t!ro)o t!ro)o"ga "ga" " a0ra a0ra" " %!%as %!%as -ara-ara-t!r t!rst st- '(r '(ro0s" o0s"a a t(at(a- s!%as!%a- %!"t&%!"t&tapa0 -&(a (a" porta0 %&0at. A-a" t!tap 8-a (8&/pa a(a"a %!%a %!%a" " 0&ar 0&ar /a-a /a-a %!"t %!"t&&- t!r t!ro)o" o)o"ga ga" " %&0a %&0att (apa (apatt (p (p0 0' ' -ar!"a -ar!"a s>at;s>at %a"g&"a""a a"g 0!%' %a-. T!ro)o"ga" T!ro)o"ga" tra(so"a0 (!"ga" %!"t&- s!g!/pat ta"pa 0""gpa 0""gpasa"ga" sa"ga" a"g (%&at (%&at /asara-a /asara-att s!t!/pat s!t!/pat -&ra"g -&ra"g
(apat
(p!rta"gg&"g8a)a%-a"
-!a/a"a" %a"g&"a".
(ar
ss
-&a0tas
(a"
S!/&a p!/%&ata" t!ro)o"ga" (sarat-a" &"t&- (a)as o0!' t!"aga a'0 /!/a-a 0""gpasa"ga" (a" /!/a-a p!r-&ata" s!/!"tara ata& t(a-.
Gambar 5.'. 8entuk ) bentuk potongan melintang teroongan
5.2.1.3 U"!&an ,'n'!
U"t&- /!/&"g-"-a" p!"gga0a" (a" p!"!/pata" p!ra0ata" /!-a"s (a0a/ t!ro)o"ga" (a/!t!/a t(a- %o0!' -&ra"g (ar 1+ ; 27 /. U"t&- sa0&ra" ppa (!"ga" (!%t r!"#a"a a"g r!"(a' 'a0 " /!"g'as0-a" poto"ga" /!0"ta"g a"g %!sar
(a"
%aa
p!0a-sa"aa"
a"g
0!%'
t"gg.
J-a
t!ro)o"ga" t& p!"(!- sa8a /a-a (a/!t!r"a (apat (%&at 0!%' -!#0 sa/pa 747 / (!"ga" /!"!rap-a" %!r%aga t!-"p!0a-sa"aa". 5.2.1.4 Len/"!n/an
As t!ro)o"ga" %asa"a (%&at /!"g-&t gars 0&r&s &"t&/!"g'!/at %aa p!0a-sa"aa". J-a 'ar&s (%&at 0!"g-&"ga" /a-a
ra(&s
'orso"ta0"a
'ar&s
#&-&p
%!sar
&"t&-
/!/&"g-"-a" !-sp0otas s!/&a p!ra0ata". A-a" t!tap 8ar; 8ar /"/&/ (a/%0 t(a- -&ra"g (ar $ -a0 (a/!t!r t!ro)o"ga"
8-a
t(a-
(pa-a
a0at;a0at
-'&s&s
&"t&-
/!/%&at t!ro)o"ga". 5.2.1.5 Pen9an//a %an Pa)an/an e&((n/an
Basa"a s!%&a' t!ro)o"ga" /!/!r0&-a" p!"a"gga ( %aga" t!rt!"t& &"t&- /!"a'a" ("("g (a" atap"a agar pasa"ga" (apat (%&at. P!"a"gga %&s&r t!ro)o"ga" (!"ga" r&s&- %a8a (a" -a- -a& s&(a' %asa (pa-a. Pa(a %at& a"g -!ras (a" s!gar p!"a"gga t(a- 0ag (p!r0&-a" 0'at a/%ar $.2 Tp! A. Pasa"ga" t!ro)o"ga" /!/%!r-a" p!r/&-aa" '(ro0s a"g /&0&s (a" -apastas (!%t a"g 0!%' t"gg. Basa"a pasa"ga" (p!r0&-a" &"t&- /!"a"gga %at& (a" &"t&/!"#!ga' p!r!/%!sa".
T!ro)o"ga" (apat (go0o"g;go0o"g-a" /!"8a( !/pat tp! s!p!rt
a"g (t&"8&--a" pa(a Ta%!0 $.1 (a" a/%ar $.2. Tabel 5.'. +lasi"kasi Tipe Teroongan
Tp! T!ro)o" ga" A
Ko"(s !o0og Bat& #a"( a"g s!gar (!"ga" s!(-t r!ta-a"
B
sra/a"
ata& /ortar
p!"a"gg a %at& %at&
%!"t&-
Tp! Pasa"ga" B!to"
Ta"pa
ata&
pasa"ga" %!to" ta"pa t&0a"ga" %a8a Pasa"ga" %!to"
Bat& 0ap&- (!"ga" P!"a"gg a s!(-t r!ta-a" ata& ta"a' -!ras a"g sa"gat (pa(at-a"
C
Tp! P!"a"gga
%&s&r ta"pa t&0a"ga"
t!ro)o"ga"
Bat& 0ap&- (a!ra' P!"a"gga %a8a pata'a" (a" ta"a' %!"t&- %&s&r
Pasa"ga" %!to" ta"pa t&0a"ga"
-!ras
D
Bat& sa"gat 0ap&- P!"a"gga %a8a ta"a' pata' (a" %!"t&- %&s&r ta"a' 0&"a-
Pasa"ga" %!to" (!"ga" ata& ta"pa t&0a"ga"
Gambar 5.&. Tipe ) tipe potongan melintang teroongan
T'e A (apat (pa-a &"t&- t!ro)o"ga" a"g (ga0 ( (a0a/
%at&a" t!r%a- ta"pa r!ta-a" (a" 8&ga &"t&- t!ro)o"ga"; t!ro)o"ga"
a"g
/a/p&
%!r(r
#&-&p
0a/a
&"t&-
p!/asa"ga" p!"a"gga ta"pa /!"g!"(or-a" %at& %!sar a"g %sa /!"!%a%-a" -!r&"t&'a" %a"g&"a". Pasa"ga" a"g (p!r0&-a" &"t&- tp! t!ro)o"ga" pa(a &/&/"a " a(a0a' %!to" t&/%&-.
T'e B (apat (pa-a &"t&- t!ro)o"ga" a"g (ga0 ((a0a/
%at& (!"ga" s!(-t r!ta-a" (a" 8&ga &"t&- t!ro)o"ga"; t!ro)o"ga" a"g t(a- /a/p& %!r(r #&-&p 0a/a &"t&/!/&"g-"-a"
p!/asa"ga"
p!"a"gga
(!"ga"
/!"g!"(or-a" %at& %!sar (a" %sa /!"!%a%-a" r&"t&'"a %a"g&"a". Basa"a (%&t&'-a" p!"a"gga %a8a %!"t&- %&s&r t!ro)o"ga". Pasa"ga""a a(a0a' %!to" t&/%&-.
T'e C (pa-a &"t&- t!ro)o"ga" a"g (ga0 ( (a0a/ ta"a'
-!ras %at&a" 0ap&- (a" (a!ra' ta"a' pata'a" >ra#t&r! =o"!sH /!/%&t&'-a" p!/asa"ga" p!"a"gga s!#ara #!pat s!g!ra s!t!0a' (0a-&-a" p!0!(a-a".
T'e D (pa-a &"t&- t!ro)o"ga" a"g (ga0 ( (a0a/ %at&
a"g sa"gat 0ap&- 0ap&- '"gga 0apsa" a"g (a0a/ (a!ra' ta"a'
p!#a'a"
(a"
pata'a"
s!rta
ta"a'
0&"a-
a"g
/!"ga"(&"g ar ta"a'.
U"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" pasa"ga" 'arga;'arga sta"(ar pa(a Ta%!0 $.2 (a" a/%ar $.2 (apat (a/%0. 6arga;'arga t!rs!%&t (sa(&r (ar USBR. Pasa"ga" a-a" (r!"#a"a-a" s!%aga
%a"g&"a" g&"a /!"a'a" %!%a" (a0a/ (a" 0&ar t!r/as&t!-a"a" r!/%!sa".
5.2.1.5 Pe&al'an
Pa(a
%aga"
/as&-
"0!t (a"
%aga"
-!0&ar
o&t0!t
t!ro)o"ga" p!ra0'a" %!rg&"a &"t&- /!/p!r-!#0 -!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg. Basa"a p!ra0'a" t!r(r (ar (&a %aga" a. (ar poto"ga" /!0"ta"g sa0&ra" -! poto"ga" s!g !/pat t!ro)o"ga" p"t& porta0 t!ro)o"ga" %. (ar poto"ga" s!g !/pat -! poto"ga" t!ro)o"ga"
Baga" a (r!"#a"a s!p!rt &"t&- p!ra0'a" %o-s goro"g goro"g (a" (%&at (ar pasa"ga" %at&. Baga" % /!r&pa-a" p!ra0'a" t!rt&t&p (!"ga" pa"8a"g a"g sa/a (!"ga" (a/!t!r t!ro)o"ga" /"/&/ 2 /. Tabel 5.&. Tabel pasangan dari beton dalam m
B&s&r (a" ("("g Tp! T!ro)o"ga" Baga" %a)a' sa/p"g
127 D M" 1$ #/
127 D M" 1$
B
127 D M" 27 #/
1$ #/ 11$ D
C
11$ D /" 27 #/
A
D
#/ 127 D M"
/" 27 #/ 112 D /" 27 #/
112 D /" 27 #/
D a(a0a' (a/!t!r %aga" (a0a/ (ar poto"ga" t!ro)o"ga" #/
5.2.1.+ Pen!! 'n'!
K!(a0a/a" /"/&/ p!"&t&p (p!r0&-a" &"t&- /!"8aga -!a/a"a"
p!r!"#a"aa"
(a"
-o"str&-s
%a"g&"a"
t!ro)o"ga". K!(a0a/a" /"/&/ p!"&t&p (sa8-a" pa(a Ta%!0 $.3.
5.2.2.
Sal!&an Te&!!
Apa%0a (p!r-ra-a" a-a" t/%&0 t!r0a0& %a"a- -!s&0ta" p!r!"#a"aa" (a" -o"str&-s &"t&- /!"gg&"a-a" t!ro)o"ga" /a-a (apat (p!rt/%a"g-a" p!/a-aa" sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p. 6a0 " t!r&ta/a -ar!"a 0apsa" ta"a' a"g a(a t!r0a0& s!(-t &"t&- (%a"g&" s!%&a' t!ro)o"ga". Tabel 5.(. +edalaman minimum penutup #m$ pada potongan teroongan
Uraa" 1
2
3
,
Poto"ga ta"pa pasa"ga" " (!"ga pasa"ga ata& " " 0apsa" %!to" Poto"ga (!"ga pasa"ga" " " %!to" t&/%&' (!"ga" p!"a"gga %a8a r"ga" Poto"ga (!"ga pasa"ga" " " %!to" t&/%&(!"ga" p!"a"gga %a8a %!rat Poto"ga (!"ga pasa"ga" " " %!to" %!rt&0a"g (!"ga" p!"a"gga %a8a %!rat
T!ro)o"ga" (a0a/ %at&
T!ro)o"ga" (a0a/ ta"a'
17 D!\
/" 37 /
3 D!\
3 D!\
/" * /
/" 17 /
2 D!\
3 D!\
/" , /
/" * /
17 D!\
1$ D!\
/" 2 /
/" 3 /
D!\ Da/!t!r poto"ga" t!ro)o"ga" a"g (ga0 /
P!rt/%a"ga";p!rt/%a"ga" p!r!"#a"aa" &"t&- sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p ata& sa0&ra" ga0;(a";t/%&" sa/a (!"ga" p!rt/%a"ga"; p!rt/%a"ga"
&"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" t!ro)o"ga" s!p!rt a"g t!0a' (%a'as (a0a/ pasa0 $.21
5.2.2.1 K(n%')' al'&an
A0ra" 'ar&s %!%as 5.2.2.2 Ben!" ((n/an el'nan/
Apa%0a t!-a"a" ta"a' (a" ar ( 0&ar -!#0 /a-a pa(a &/&/"a -o"str&-s a-a" t!r(r (ar pasa"ga" %at& (!"ga" atap (ar %!to" %!rt&0a"g. U"t&- (!%t r!"#a"a a"g -!#0 (a" 0&as;poto"ga" /!0"ta"g a"g -!#0 p&0a (apat (p!rt/%a"g-a" p!"gg&"aa" ppa;ppa %!to" %&0at. J-a t!-a"a" ( 0&ar -&at /a-a ppa (ar %!to" %!rt&0a"g a-a" 0!%' #o#o-. U"t&- (!%t -!#0 (a" poto"ga";poto"ga" /!0"ta"g a"g -!#0 (p!r0&-a" ppa %!"t&- %&0at K!#!pata" a0ra" a"g t"gg (a" 0&as poto"ga" /!0"ta"g a"g %!sar /&"g-"
/!/!r0&-a"
%!"t&-
s!g
!/pat
&"t&-
%asa"a
&"t&-
p!rt/%a"ga";p!rt/%a"ga" p!0a-sa"aa". 5.2.2.3 Len/"!n/
Jar
8ar
'orso"ta0
(%&at
0!%ar
/!/%atas pa"8a"g (a" p!"gga0a" a"g (p!r0&-a". Jar 8ar /"/&/ a(a0a' $ -a0 t"gg sa0&ra". 5.2.2.4 U"!&an ,'n'!
Kar!"a (pa-a /!to(! p!0a-sa"aa" ga0a" t!r%&-a /a-a &-&ra" /"/&/ %o0!' (a/%0 17 / (a" 747 / &"t&sa0&ra" p!"(!-.
5.3.
Pe&en*anaan H'%&(l')
5.3.1 R!!) al'&an
U"t&- p!"g't&"ga" a0ra" '(ro0s ( (a0a/ t!ro)o"ga" ata& sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p (pa-a r&/&s Str#-0!r a - R23 I12
..... $.1
D/a"a Ga -!#!pata" a0ra" a"g (p!r#!pat ((a0a/ t!ro)o"ga" ata& sa0&ra" t!r&t&t&p /(t k
-o!fs!" -!-asara" str#-0!r / 12(t
R
8ar 8ar '(ro0s /
I
gars -!/r"ga" !"!rg -!/r"ga" '(ro0s
5.3.2 K(e)'en "e"a)a&an %an "e*eaan a")'!
Ko!fs!" -!-asara" Str#-0!r - (a" -!#!pata" /a-s/&/ (t&"8&--a" pa(a Ta%!0 $.,. 6arga;'arga a"g (%!r-a" ( s" s&(a' #&-&p 0a/a (g&"a-a" -o"s!rGat>H &"t&- -o"str&-s; -o"str&-s %!sar %o0!' (a/%0 'arga;'arga a"g 0!%' t"gg t!rga"t&"g pa(a /!to(! p!0a-sa"aa""a. Tabel 5.. Harga ) harga keepatan maksimum dan k #Strikler$
Ba'a" -o"str&-s Pasa"ga" %at& B!to"
G/a-s/(t
2 3
- /13(t *7 47
5.3.3 Ke'&'n/an '%&(l')
Baa p!/%&ata" t!ro)o"ga" aga- /a'a0 (a" o0!' -ar!"a t& p!r0& %!r'!/at (a0a/ /!/%&at (a/!t!r"a. K!/r"ga" '(ro0s -!/r"ga" t!ro)o"ga" (%&at #&ra/ 8-a t"gg !"!rg a"g t!rs!(a #&-&p. K!#!pata" r!"#a"a a"g ('as0-a" t(a%o0!' /!0a/pa& -!#!pata" /a-s/&/ (a" t(a- %o0!' ( %a)a' -!#!pata" -rts (!"ga" 74$ -a0 -!#!pata" -rts s!%aga 'arga pra-ts.
Ko"str&-s
ga0a"
t!r%&-a
/!/p!r-!#0
poto"ga"
/!0"ta"g sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p -ar!"a ta"a' 'ar&s (p"(a'-a". Baga/a"ap&" 8&ga 0&as poto"ga" /!0"ta"g a"g -!#0 t!tap 0!%' /&ra' (arpa(a a"g %!sar. 5.3.4 T'n//' ;a/aan Dt"8a& (ar s!g t!ro)o"ga" 72
'(ro0-a
t"gg
8agaa"
s!%&a'
D (!"ga" &-&ra" /"/&/ s!-tar 7$ / &/&/"a (apat (t!r/a s!#ara "t!r"aso"a0. I" a-a" /!/%!r-a" s!-tar 17 -apastas
#a(a"ga"
a"g
("0a
t!r0a0&
r!"(a'
&"t&-
-!t(a-pasta" p!r!"#a"aa" ( I"(o"!sa pa(a &/&/"a. O0!' -ar!"a t& (pa-a t"gg 8agaa" 72$ D a"g %!rart /!"a/%a' -apastas #a(a"ga" sa/pa -&ra"g 0!%' 1$ p!rs!" (ar (!%t r!"#a"a &"t&- t!ro)o"ga" %!"t&- tapa0 -&(a.
U"t&- sa0&ra" t!r'a(ap s!g !/pat t"gg 8agaa" a-a" (a/%0 pa(a 72 6. 6 a(a0a' t"gg %aga" (a0a/ sa0&ra".
Agar t!ro)o"ga"
%!"(a;%!"(a
t!rap&"g
(apat
/!0!)at
(a" sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p /a-a t"gg /"/&/
8agaa""a (a/%0 sa/a (!"ga" t"gg 8agaa" sa0&ra" t!r%&-a.
5.3.5
Pe&en*anaan ((n/an el'nan/
U"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" poto"ga" /!0"ta"g %!r%!"t&tapa0 -&(a (a" 0"g-ara" (apat (pa-a Ta%!0 A.3.2 (a" A.3.3 La/pra" 3. D/!"s poto"ga" /!0"ta"g (a" -!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg -!/r"ga" '(ro0s I (apat (!Ga0&as (!"ga" /!"gg&"a-a" ta%!0;ta%!0 " s!t!0a' (p0' G a (a" - s!p!rt a"g t!0a' (%#ara-a" ( atas. U"t&-
poto"ga";poto"ga"
s!g
!/pat
!Ga0&as
-!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg (a" poto"ga" /!0"ta"g (0a-&-a" 0a"gs&"g
(!"ga"
/!"gg&"a-a"
r&/&s
Str#-0!r.
L!%ar
poto"ga" /!0"ta"g (%ag t"gg a-a" %!r-sar a"tara 1 (a" 2. 5.3.+ Ke'lan/an (al 'n//' ene&/'
K!'0a"ga" tota0 t"gg !"!rg ( t!ro)o"ga" ata& sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p a(a0a' 6 6/as&- 6>r 6B (/a"a 6/as&- -!0&ar
6-!0&ar
..... $.2
-!'0a"ga t"gg !"!rg /as&- (a" "
-!0&ar / 6>r
-!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg a-%at g!s!-a" (
6B
s!pa"8a"g ppa / -!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg pa(a t-&"ga" /
K!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg /as&- (a" -!0&ar ("ata-a" (!"ga" r&/&s %!r-&t 6/as&- ξ
(G G)2
/as&a
2 g
::$.3
6-!0&ar ξ -!0&ar (G G)2 a
..:$.,
2 g
D/a"a 6/as&- -!0&ar -!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg /as&- (a" -!0&ar / B/as&- -!0&ar Ko!fs!" -!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg /as&- (a" -!0&ar Ga
K!#!pata" rata rata a"g (p!r#!pat (a0a/ %a"g&"a" /(t
G -!#!pata" rata rata ( %aga" '&0& ata& '0r /(t a/%ar $.3. /!"a8-a" 'arga 'arga -o!fs!" &"t&%!r%aga p!ra0'a" (ar poto"ga" sa0&ra" t!r%&-a sa/pa poto"ga" sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p. L&as poto"ga" /!0"ta"g %asa' (a0a/ p!ra0'a" t!rt&t&p (a/%0 sa/a (!"ga" 0&as poto"ga" /!0"ta"g sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p. O0!' -ar!"a t& -!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg ( (a0a/ sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p a(a0a' sa/a (!"ga" -!'0a"ga" a-%at g!s!-a" %sa (a0a/ sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p.
5.3.- Ke'lan/an 'n//' ene&/' a%a )'"! %an '"!n/an )al!&an e&!!
P!r&%a'a" ara' a0ra" (a" s!%ara" -!#!pata""a /!/!r0&-a" -!'0a"ga" ar !-stra. K!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg pa(a s-& (a" t-&"ga" (apat ("ata-a" s!%aga
a 6B K % G
2
..: $.$
2 g
K % a(a0a' -o!fs!" -!'0a"ga" t"gg !"!rg &"t&- s-& (a" t-&"ga" sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p.
6arga 'arga s-& K % (sa8-a" pa(a Ta%!0 $.$. Basa"a sa0&ra" ppa (r!"#a"a (!"ga" -&rG! 'orso"ta0 a"g #&-&p %!sar a"g (apat /!/p!r%a- p!/%aga" -!#!pata" pa(a t-&"ga" (a" /!"g&ra"g -!'0a"ga" pa(a t-&"ga" t!rs!%&t. a/%ar $.,. /!"a8-a" 'arga 'arga K % &"t&sa0&ra" t!rt&t&p a"g %!r(a/!t!r %!sar /!"&r&t USBR.
Tabel 5.5. Harga ) harga + b untuk siku
S&(&t D!ra8at Prof0 %&0at Prof0 s!g !/pat
$o
17
1$
22$o
37
772
773
77,
77$
772
77,
77$
77*
o
o
,$o
*7o
47o
57o
711
72,
7,4
7+7
11
71,
73
7*
17
1,
o
Pe&)aaa n 5.3 5.4
ppa goro"g; goro"g sa/pa -! p!ra0'a" sa/p"g sa0&ra" " a r & 8 " a D
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Data (ata topograf a"g (p!r0&-a" &"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" p!/%&a"ga" a(a0a' a
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Da!ra' (a!ra' (!"ga" ta"a/a" ta"a/a" 0a(a"g (a!ra' (a!ra' t!r8a0
-
Da!ra' (a!ra' p!r/&-/a"
Da0a/ /!r!"#a"a-a" sa0&ra" sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g &"t&(a!ra' (a!ra' ( /a"a pa( t(a- (ta"a/ a(a (&a /a#a/ (!%t a"g p!r0& (p!rt/%a"g-a" at& -
(!%t p&"#a- /a-s/&/ (a0a/ 8a"g-a )a-t& p!"(!(a"
-
(!%t r!"#a"a a"g (pa-a &"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra"
a. D!%t p&"#aD!%t p&"#a- &"t&- (a!ra' (a!ra' a"g (%&a"g ar"a sa/pa s!0&as 177 -/2 ('t&"g (!"ga" r&/&s D!r !(&)!" a"g ((asar-a" pa(a p!"ga0a/a" /!"g!"a s&"ga s&"ga ( Ja)a H r&/&s r&/&s 0a" %sa (g&"a-a" 8&ga
R&/&s t!rs!%&t a(a0a' ?( F ^ A
..... *.,
(/a"a ?(
(!%t p&"#a- / 3 (t
α
-o!fs!" 0/pasa" ar '&8a" r&" o@
-o!fs!" p!"g&ra"ga" 0&as (a!ra' '&8a"
#&ra' '&8a" / 3(t. -/2
A
0&as a!ra0 a"g (%&a"g ar"a -/ 2
a/%ar A.,.3 (ar La/pra" 3 /!"a8-a" #ara p!/!#a'a" s!#ara grafs &"t&- r&/&s D!r !(&)!" %ag (a!ra' a"g %!sar #&ra' '&8a" s!'ar"a R1 2,7 //'ar. I a(a0a' -!/r"ga" rata rata sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g.
U"t&- 'arga 'arga R1 a"g %&-a" 2,7 // 'ar r&/&s D!r !(&)!" t!rs!%&t s!%a-"a (p!#a'-a" s!#ara t!rpsa'. U"t&-
p!"8!0asa"
0!%'
0a"8&t
0'at
Baga"
KP
71
P!r!"#a"aa" Jar"ga" Irgas La/pra" 1.
R&/&s r&/&s 0a" 8&ga %sa (g&"a-a" /!"ga#& pa(a SNI t!"ta"g P!r't&"ga" D!%t Ba"8r (a" p!"8!0asa""a (apat (0'at pa(a KP;71 La/pra" 1.
Ar %&a"ga" (ar (a!ra' (a!ra' -a/p&"g -! 8ar"ga" p!/%&a"g %sa sa"gat t"gg -ar!"a ta/p&"ga" (a" 0a8& p!r-o0as a"g t!r%atas. %. D!%t R!"#a"a D!%t r!"#a"a ((!f"s-a" s!%aga Go0&/! 0/pasa" ar '&8a" (a0a/ )a-t& s!'ar (ar s&at& (a!ra' a"g a-a" (%&a"g ar"a a"g (s!%a%-a" o0!' #&ra' '&8a" s!'ar ( (a!ra' t!rs!%&t ar '&8a" a"g t(a- t!rta'a" ata& /!r!/%!s (a0a/ )a-t& sat& 'ar (a"(a-a" /!"ga0r (a0a/)a-t& sat& 'ar (a"(a-a" /!"ga0r (a0a/ )a-t& sat& 'ar t& 8&ga. I" /!"g'as0-a" (!%t r!"#a"a a"g -o"sta" D!%t r!"#a"a ('t&"g s!%aga %!r-&t USBR 1543 ?( 711* F R 1$ A752 (/a"a ?(
(!%t r!"#a"a 1(t
α
-o!fs!" 0/pasa" ar '&8a" 0'at Ta%!0 *.1
..... *.$
R 1$ #&ra' '&8a" s!'ar / (!"ga" -!/&"g-"a" t!rp!"&' 27 A
0&as (a!ra' a"g (%&a"g ar"a 'a
U"t&- /!"!"t&-a" 'arga -o!fs!" 0/pasa" ar '&8a" a-a" (pa-a 'as0;'as0 /!to(! -&rG! %0a"ga" (ar US So0 9o"s!rGato" S!rG#!. U"t&- &raa" 0!%' 0a"8&t %a#a USBR D!sg" o> S/a00 Da/s. Tabel 9.'. Harga4harga koe"sien limpasan air hu6an untuk penghitungan @d
P!"&t&p ta"a'
K!0o/po- '(ro0ogs ta"a' 9
D
6&ta" 0!%at
7*7
747
6&ta" T(a- 0!%at
7*$
74$
74$
7+7
Ta"a/a" La(a"g Da!ra' t!r8a0
P!"8!0asa"
/!"g!"a
-!0o/po-
'(ro0ogs
ta"a'
a(a0a'
s!%aga %!r-&t
K!0o/po- 9 Ta"a' a"g /!/p&"a 0a8& "f0tras r!"(a' 1 , //8a/ apa%0a (a0a/ -!a(aa" 8!"&' sa/as!-a0 (a" t!r&ta/a t!r(r (ar ta"a' (!"ga" 0apsa" a"g /!"a'a" g!ra- t&r&" ar ata& ta"a' (!"ga" t!-st&r aga- 'a0&s sa/pa 'a0&s. Ta"a';ta"a' " /!/0- 0a8& p!"!%ara" tra"s/s ar a"g r!"(a'. K!0o/po- D pot!"s 0/pasa" t"gg Ta"a' a"g /!/p&"a 0a8& "f0tras a/at r!"(a' 7 1 //8a/ apa%0a (a0a/ -!a(aa" 8!"&' sa/a s!-a0 (a" t!r&ta/a
t!r(r
(ar
ta"a'
0!/p&"g
(!"ga"
pot!"s
/!"g!/%a"g a"g t"gg ta"a' (!"ga" /&-a ar ta"a' t"gg a"g p!r/a"!"t ta"a' (!"ga" 0apsa"
0at ( ata& ( (!-at p!r/&-aa" (a" ta"a' (a"g-a0 pa(a %a'a" a"g 'a/p!r -!(ap ar. Ta"a';ta"a' " /!/0- 0a8& p!"!%ara" ar a"g 0a/%a". +.2.4. De$' Pe$!an/
D!%t r!"#a"a a-a" (pa-a &"t&- /!r!"#a"a-a" -apastas sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g (a" t"gg /&-a ar. D!%t p!/%&a"g t!r(r (ar ar %&a"ga" (ar -
sa)a' s!p!rt (a0a/ *.2.2 ata& (ar
-
t!/pat;t!/pat _a" ( 0&ar sa)a'. s!p!rt (a0a/ *.2.3
Jar"ga" p!/%&a"g a-a" (r!"#a"a-a" &"t&- /!"ga0r-a" (!%t p!/%&a"g r!"#a"a (ar (a!ra';(a!ra' sa)a' (a" "o" sa)a' ( (a0a/ /a&p&" ( 0&ar p!/%&a"g s0a"g. M&-a ar a"g ('as0-a" t(a- %o0!' /!"g'a0a"g p!/%&a"ga" ar (ar sa)a';sa)a' ( (a!ra' rgas.
D!%t p&"#a- a-a" (pa-a &"t&- /!"g't&"g /&-a ar t!rt"gg 8ar"ga" p!/%&a"g. M&-a ar t!rt"gg " a-a" (g&"a-a" &"t&- /!r!"#a"a-a" sara"a p!"g!"(a0a" %a"8r (a" %a"g&"a". S!0a/a t!r8a( (!%t p&"#a- t!r'a0a"g"a p!/%&a"ga" ar (ar sa)a' (apat (t!r/a. T"gg /&-a ar p&"#a- s!r"g /!0!%' t"gg /&-a ta"a' (a0a/ 'a0 " sara"a;sara"a p!"g!"(a0 %a"8r a-a" (%&at ( s!pa"8a"g sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g (/a"a t(a- %o0!' t!r8a( p!"gg!"a"ga".
P!ro(! &0a"g &"t&- (!%t p&"#a- (a" (!%t r!"#a"a %!r%!(a &"t&- (!%t p&"#a- p!ro(! &0a"g (p0' s!%aga %!r-&t
-
$ ta'&" &"t&- sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g -!#0 ( (a!ra' rgas ata&
-
2$ ta'&" ata& 0!%' %!rga"t&"g pa(a apa a"g a-a" (0"(&"g
&"t&- s&"ga p!ro(! &0a"g"a (a/%0 sa/a (!"ga" sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g a"g %!sar. P!ro(! &0a"g (!%t r!"#a"a (a/%0 $ ta'&".
P!r0& (#atat %a')a (!%t p&"#a- a"g s&(a' ('t&"g %sa (-&ra"g (!"ga" #ara /!"a/p&"g (!%t p&"#a- t!rs!%&t. Ta/p&"ga" (apat (%&at ((a0a/ ata& ( 0&ar (a!ra' rgas. Msa0"a (t!/pat (/a"a p!/%&a"g s0a"g /!/as&- (a!ra' rgas /!0a0& goro"g goro"g a"g (s!%!0a' '&0&"a %o0!' t!r(apat
s!(-t
g!"a"ga".
D(a0a/
8ar"ga"
rgas
ta/p&"ga" (a0a/ 8ar"ga" sa0&ra" (a" (a!ra' #!-&"ga" a-a" (apat /!rata-a" (!%t p&"#a- ( %aga" '0r. D!%t p&"#a 8&ga a-a" (-&ra"g (!"ga" #ara /!/%ar-a" p!"gg!"a"ga" t!r%atas &"t&- 8a"g-a )a-t& a"g p!"(!- ((a0a/ (a!ra' rgas. A-a" t!tap p!"gg!"a"ga" t!r%atas /&"g-" t(a(apat (t!r/a. Pa(a p!rt!/&a" (&a sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g ( /a"a (&a (!%t p&"#a- %!rt!/& (!%t p&"#a- a"g t!rga%&"g ('t&"g s!%aga %!r-&t 2. Apa%0a (&a (a!ra' a"g a-a" (%&a"g ar"a -&ra"g 0!%' sa/a 0&as"a ,7 sa/pa $7 (ar 0&as tota0 (!%t p&"#a- ('t&"g s!%aga 7+ -a0 8&/0a' -!(&a (!%t p&"#a-. 3. 8-a (a!ra' a"g sat& 8a&' 0!%' -!#0 (ar (a!ra' a"g sat&"a 0ag -&ra"g 27 (ar 0&as -!s!0&r&'a" /a-a ga%&"ga" -!(&a (!%t p&"#a- ('t&"g s!%aga (a!ra' tota0. ,. %0a p!rs!"tas! t& %!r-sar a"tara 27 (a" ,7 /a-a ga%&"ga" -!(&a (!%t p&"#a- ('t&"g (!"ga" "t!rpo0as a"tara 'arga 'arga (ar "o.1 (a" 2 (atas.
U"t&- /!"g't&"g (!%t r!"#a"a pa(a p!rt!/&a" (&a sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g (!%t r!"#a"a a"g t!rga%&"g ('t&"g s!%aga 8&/0a'
(!%t r!"#a"a (ar -!(&a sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g '&0&. Pa(a p!rt!/&a" sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g (ar (a!ra' rgas (!"ga" sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g (ar 0&ar (a!ra' rgas (apat ((!-at (!"ga" /!/a-a -o!fs!" s!p!rt pa(a -rt!ra p!r!"#a"aa" p!rt!/&a" (&a sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g "t!r" (!"ga" 8a0a" 1. D't&"g 0!%' (a'&0& %!sar"a (!%t a0ra" (ar (a!ra' rgas 2. D't&"g
(!%t
/!/p!rt/%a"g-a"
a0ra" 8ara-
p!/%&a"g ata&
0&ar
(!"ga"
pa"8a"g
sa0&ra"
-!/r"ga" 0&as (a!ra' p!"ga0ra" 0!"g-&"g "t!"stas '&8a" 3. B!sara" -o!fs!" a"g (pa-a s!%aga p!r%a"("ga" a(a0a' %!sar (!%t s!%aga p!"gga"t p!r%a"("ga" 0&as (ar (a!ra' p!/%&a"ga". B!sar"a -o!fs!" a"g (pa-a pa(a p!rt!/&a" a0ra" "t!r"a0 (a" a0ra" !t!r"a0 t!rga"t&"g p!r%a"("ga" %!sar (!%t a0ra" at& -
J-a s!0s' p!r%a"("ga" %!sar (!%t a"tara 7,7 ; 7$7 (ar 8&/0a' (!%t /a-a (pa-a -o!fs!" 7+
-
J-a p!r%a"("ga" %!sar (!%t -&ra"g (ar 727 (ar 8&/0a' (!%t /a-a (!%t ( '0r a(a0a' 8&/0a' (ar -!(&a (!%t
-
J-a p!r%a"("ga" %!sar (!%t a"tara 727 7,7 (ar 8&/0a' (!%t /a-a ('t&"g (!"ga" #ara "t!rpo0as.
P!r't&"ga" (!%t p!/%&a"g (ra"as! (apat ('t&"g (!"ga" tata #ara p!r't&"ga" (!%t (a0a/ SNI. Sa0a' sat& #ara a"g s!r"g (pa-a a(a0a' (!"ga" #ara Raso"a0 /!to(! #ara " /!r&pa-a" /!to(! 0a/a a"g /as' (g&"a-a" &"t&/!/p!r-ra-a" (!%t a0ra" (a!ra' (!"ga" 0&asa" -!#0
&/&/"a -&ra"g (ar $77'a. As&/s (asar /!to(! " a"tara 0a" p&"#a- 0/pasa" t!r8a( pa(a saat s!0&r&'
(a!ra' -&t /!0/pas a"g /!r&pa-a" >&"gs (ar "t!"stas '&8a" a"g (&ras"a sa/a (!"ga" )a-t& -o"s!"tras. I"t!"stas '&8a" (as&/s-a" t!tap (a" s!raga/ ( s!0&r&' (a!ra'.
+.3. Daa ,e"an'"a Tana
Masa0a' &ta/a (a0a/ p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g a(a0a' -!ta'a"a" %a'a" sa0&ra" t!r'a(ap !ros (a" sta%0tas ta0&(. Data (ata a"g (p!r0&-a" &"t&- t&8&a" " /rp (!"ga" (ata (ata a"g (%&t&'-a" &"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" rgas. Pa(a &/&/"a (ata a"g (p!ro0!' (ar p!"!0ta" ta"a' p!rta"a" a-a" /!/%!r-a" p!t&"8&- "(-as a"g %a/!"g!"a s>at s>at /!-a"-a ta"a' a"g a-a" (pa-a &"t&tras! sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g.
Kar!"a tras! t!rs!%&t %asa"a t!r0!ta- ( #!-&"ga" (a!ra' (!pr!s ta"a' #!"(!r&"g &"t&- /!"&"8&--a" s!(-t Garas. Da0a/ %a"a- 'a0 &8 0apsa" (a" %atas #ar 0^&( 0/t pa(a "t!rGa0 7$ -/ a-a" /!/%!r-a" #&-&p ">or/as /!"g!"a -0asf-as s!p!rt (a0a/ U"f!( So0 90assf#ato" Sst!/ 0'at Ta%!0 2.,. Apa%0a (a0a/ p!"g&8a" t!rs!%&t s>at s>at ta"a' /!"&"8&--a" %a"a- Garas /a-a "t!rGa0 t!rs!%&t 'ar&s (-&ra"g.
-. -.1.
RENCANA SALURAN PE,BUANG Pe&en*anaan Sal!&an Pe$!an/ 9an/ Sa$'l
P!r!"#a"aa"
sa0&ra"
p!/%&a"g
'ar&s
/!/%!r-a"
p!rt/%a"ga" %aa p!0a-sa"aa" (a" p!/!0'araa" a"g t!r!"(a'.
R&as;r&as
'ar&s
sta%0
t!r'a(ap
!ros
(a"
s!(/!"tas /"/a0 pa(a s!tap poto"ga" /!0"ta"g (a" s!/%a"g.
D!"ga" a(a"a sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g ar (ar p!rsa)a'a" /!"8a( 0!%' %!rs' (ar s!(/!". Eros ( sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g a-a" /!r&pa-a" -rt!ra a"g /!"!"t&-a".
K!#!pata"
r!"#a"a '!"(a-"a t(a- /!0!%' -!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a"g
(="-a".
K!#!pata"
/a-s/&/
a"g
(="-a"
%!rga"t&"g -!pa(a %a'a" ta"a' s!rta -o"(s"a.
Sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g (r!"#a"a ( t!/pat;t!/pat t!r!"(a' (a" /!0a0& (a!ra';(a!ra' (!pr!s. K!/r"ga" a0a/a' ta"a' (a0a/ tras! " /!"!"t&-a" -!/r"ga" /!/a"8a"g sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g t!rs!%&t.
Apa%0a -!/r"ga" (asar t!r0a0& #&ra/ (a" -!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a"g (="-a" a-a" t!r0a/pa& /a-a 'ar&s (%&at %a"g&"a" p!"gat&r t!r8&".
K!#!pata" r!"#a"a s!%a-"a (a/%0 sa/a ata& /!"(!-at -!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a"g (="-a" -ar!"a (!%t r!"#a"a ata& (!%t p&"#a- t(a- s!r"g t!r8a( (!%t (a" -!#!pata"
a0ra" p!/%&a"g a-a" 0!%' r!"(a' ( %a)a' -o"(s !-sp0otas rata;rata. K'&s&s"a (!"ga" (!%t p!/%&a"g a"g r!"(a' a0ra" a-a"
#!"(!r&"g %!r-!0o- -!0o- /!a"(!r %0a (asar sa0&ra" (%&at 0!%ar. O0!' -ar!"a t& %asa"a sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g (r!"#a"a r!0at> s!/pt (a" (a0a/. aras t"gg ar (!"ga" (!%t a"g %!r&%a' &%a' %asa"a t(a- /!/p&"a art p!"t"g. Poto"ga" poto"ga" a"g (a0a/ a-a" /!/%!r-a" p!/!#a'a" a"g 0!%' !-o"o/s.
K!/r"ga" (asar sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g %asa"a /!"g!#0 ( s!%!0a' '0r s!(a"g-a" (!%t r!"#a"a %!rta/%a' %!sar. Para/!t!r a"g-&ta" s!(/!" r!0at> I √R (a0a/ pra-t!-"a a-a" /!"&r&" ( s!%!0a' '0r a-%at a-ar R -&a(rat. S!8a&' %!r-!"aa" (!"ga" ar %&a"ga" a"g r!0at> %!rs' (ar sa)a' 'a " t(a- a-a" /!r&pa-a" /asa0a' a"g %!rart. K!a(aa" " 'ar&s ('"(ar apa%0a ar %&a"ga" a"g %!rs!(/!" 'ar&s (a0r-a". B0a sa0&ra" ar a0a/a' (g&"a-a" s!%aga sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g /a-a &/&/"a a-a" 0!%' %a- &"t&- t(a- /!"g&%a' tras!"a -ar!"a sa0&ra" a0a/a' " s&(a' /!"!s&a-a" poto"ga" /!0"ta"g (a" -!/r"ga""a (!"ga" a0ra""a s!"(r. Dasar (a" ta0&t"a /!/p&"a (aa ta'a" a"g 0!%' t"gg t!r'a(ap --sa" 8-a (%a"("g-a" (!"ga" sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g a"g %ar& (%a"g&" (!"ga" -!/r"ga" ta0&t a"g sa/a.
P!/a"tapa" sa0&ra" ar (a" s&"ga a0a/a' &"t&- /!"a/%a' -apastas p!/%&a"g s!r"g t!r%atas pa(a -o"str&-s ta"gg&0 %a"8r (a" so(!ta" (ar 0!"g-&"g /!a"(!r.
Ar (ar sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g /!/p&"a p!"gar&' "!gat> pa(a /&-a ar ta"a' ata& pa(a ar a"g /as&- (ar 0a&t (a"
s!%aga"a.
O0!'
s!%a%
t&
p!r!"#a"a
'ar&s
/!/p!rt/%a"g-a" >a-tor t!rs!%&t (!"ga" 'at;'at g&"a /!/p!r-!#0 (a/pa- a"g /&"g-" t/%&0.
-.2.
R!!) %an K&'e&'a H'%&(l')
-.2.1.
R!!) Al'&an
U"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" poto"ga" sa0&ra"
p!/%&a"g a0ra"
(a"ggap s!%aga a0ra" t!tap (a" &"t&- t& (t!rap-a" r&/&s Str#-0!r Ma"""g 0'at 8&ga pasa0 3.2.1. ..... 4.1
G - R23 I12 (/a"a -!#!pata" a0ra" /(t
v
- -o!fs!" -!-asara" str#-0!r /13(t R 8ar 8ar '(ro0s / -!/r"ga" !"!rg
I
-.2.2.
K(e)'en Ke"a)a&an S&'*"le&
Ko!fs!" Str#-0!r - %!rga"t&"g -!pa(a s!8&/0a' >a-tor a-" -
K!-asara" (asar (a" ta0&t sa0&ra"
-
L!%at"a G!g!tas
-
Pa"8a"g %ata"g G!g!tas
-
K!t(a- t!ratr&a" (a" tras! (a"
-
Jar 8ar '(ro0s (a" (a0a/"a sa0&ra".
Kar!"a sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g t(a- s!0a0& t!rs ar G!g!tas a-a" /&(a' s!-a0 t&/%&' (st& (a" %a"a- /!"g&ra"g 'arga -. P!"a"ga"
a"g
t!rat&r
a-a"
/!/p!r-!#0
'arga
p!"g&ra"ga" ". 6arga 'arga - pa(a Ta%!0 4.1. a"g (pa-a
&"t&-
/!r!"#a"a-a"
sa0&ra"
p!/%&a"g
%a')a G!g!tas (poto"g s!#ara t!rat&r.
/!"ga"(a-a"
Tabel :.'. +oe"sien kekasaran Strikler untuk saluran pembuang
Jar"ga" p!/%&a"g &ta/a
- /13(t 37 2$
'∗ Q 1$ / ' ≤ 1$ /
U"t&- sa0&ra" sa0&ra" a0a/a' t(a- a(a 'arga &/&/ - a"g (apat (%!r-a". 9ara t!r%a- &"t&- /!/p!r-ra-a" 'arga t& a0a' /!/%a"("g-a" sa0&ra" sa0&ra" a0a/a' t!rs!%&t (!"ga" 'arga 'arga K (8!0as-a" ((a0a/ -!p&t&sa" a"g r!0!Ga" s!%aga #o"to' 0'at !" T! 9'o) 15+$. -.2.3.
Ke*eaan a")'! 9an/ %' '>'n"an
P!"!"t&a" -!#!pata" /a-s/&/ a"g ( ="-a" &"t&sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g (!"ga" %a'a" -o'!s> /rp (!"ga" a"g (a/%0 &"t&- sa0&ra" rgasH L'at %aga" 3.2.,.
4.2
?maks @ ?b A B C D.......
Fa-tor D (ta/%a'-a" apa%0a (pa-a %a"8r r!"#a"a (!"ga" pro(!
&0a"g
a"g
t"gg.Da"ggap
%a')a
-!0a"g-aa"
t!r8a("a %a"8r (!"ga" pro(! &0a"g (atas 17 ta'&" /!"!%a%-a" t!r8a("a s!(-t -!r&sa-a" a-%at !ros. I" ("ata-a" (!"ga" /!"!r/a G
maks a"g
0!%' t"gg &"t&-
-!a(aa" s!/a#a/ "H 0'at a/%ar 4.1 &"t&- 'arga;'arga D. D sa/a (!"ga" 1 &"t&- pro(! &0a"g (%a)a' 17 ta'&".
$
∗
h A kedalaman air di saluran pembuang2 m.
1.% 1.& 1. 7 i s k e r o k r o t k a "
1.4 1.+ 1.2 1.1 1.0 10
1
20
periode ulan'
2
dalam tahun
+0
40
0
&0
%0
$0 0 100
Gambar :.' +oefesien koreksi untuk berbagai priode ulang D
U"t&- 8ar"ga" p!/%&a"ga" "t!r" ar a-a" ('t&"g s!%aga %!%as s!(/!". U"t&- a0ra" p!/%&a"g s0a"g asa0 ar 'ar&s (p!r-sa. J-a ar t& %!rasa0 (ar (a!ra';(a!ra' a"g %!rp!/%&a"g a0a/a' /a-a -o"s!"tras s!(/!" (apat (a/%0 3.777 pp/. Ar ('t&"g s!%aga %!%as s!(/!" apa%0a ar p!/%&a"g s0a"g %!rasa0 (ar (a!ra' p!rsa)a'a".
U"t&- -o"str&-s pa(a ta"a';ta"a' "o"-o'!s> -!#!pata" (asar a"g ( ="-a" a(a0a' 7* /(t.
Apa%0a (-!'!"(a- sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g 8&ga (r!"#a"a-a" /!/p&"a >&"gs &"t&- /!"&"8a"g p!/!0'araa" 0"g-&"ga" (a" #a(a"ga" ar ta"a' /a-a -!#!pata" sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g pa(a
(a!ra'
t!rs!%&t
(apat
a"g
/!/!r0&-a"
(-&ra"g.
6a0
-o"s!rGas "
0"g-&"ga"
(/a-s&(-a"
&"t&-
/!/p!r%!sar )a-t& (a" t!-a"a" "f0tras (a" s!'"gga a-a" /!"a/%a' -apastas p!r!sapa" ar -!(a0a/ ta"a' "a/&" p!r0& (p!rt/%a"g-a" a(a"a p!r&%a'a" (!/!"s sa0&ra" a"g 0!%' %!sar a-%at p!"g&ra"ga" -!#!pata" ".
-.2.4 T'n//' !"a a'& T"gg /&-a ar sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g %!rga"t&"g -!pa(a >&"gs sa0&ra".
(
8ar"ga"
"t!r"
D 8ar"ga" t!rs!r sa0&ra" ta"a' /!/%&a"g ar"a 0a"gs&"g -!sa0&ra" p!/%&a"ga" -&art!r (a" t!rs!r (a" t"gg /&-a ar
p!/%&a"g
r!"#a"a
/&"g-"
sa/a
(!"ga"
t"gg
p!r/&-aa" ar ta"a'.
Jar"ga" p!/%&a"g pr/!r /!"!r/a ar %&a"ga" (ar p!ta- p!ta- t!rs!r (0o-as a"g t!pat. T"gg /&-a ar r!"#a"a ( 8ar"ga" &ta/a (t!"t&-a" (!"ga" /&-a ar a"g (p!r0&-a" ( &8&"g sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g t!rs!r.
T"gg /&-a ar ( 8ar"ga" p!/%&a"g pr/!r a"g %!r>&"gs &"t&- p!/%&a"g ar (ar sa)a' (a" /&"g-" (a!ra';(a!ra' %&-a" sa)a' ('t&"g s!%aga %!r-&t -
&"t&- p!"ga0ra" (!%t r!"#a"a t"gg /&-a ar /&"g-" "a- sa/pa sa/a (!"ga" t"gg p!r/&-aa" ta"a'.
-
U"t&- p!"ga0ra" (!%t p&"#a- p!/%&a"g ar (ar sa)a' (a"ggap "o0H 'arga;'arga t"gg /&-a ar a"g (a/%0 (t&"8&-a" pa(a ga/%ar 4.2.
Ko"s!p
(asar
p!r!"#a"aa"
sa0&ra"
p!/%a)a
t(a-
/!"g'!"(a- a(a"a p!"g!"(apa" ( sa0&ra" s!(a"g-a" pa(a p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g (&sa'a-a" agar ar #!pat
(apat
p!"gg!"a"ga" ta"a/a" pa(.
(%&a"g a"g
s!'"gga
(apat
t(a-
/!"gga"gg&
/!"!%a%-a" p!rt&/%&'a"
S!8a0a" (!"ga" /!"g&at"a asp!- 0"g-&"ga" /a-a sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g (apat (r!"#a"a-a" (!"ga" -!#!pata" a"g t(at!r0a0&
t"gg (!"ga" t&8&a" agar t!r8a( "f0tras a"g %!sar s!%!0&/ /!"ga0r -!/%a0 -! s&"ga. 6a0 " (/a-s&(-a" &"t&/!/%a"t&
-)a0tas
0"g-&"ga"
a"g
0!%'
'8a&
/!/p!r%!sar #a(a"ga" ar ta"a' (a" /!"g&ra"g (!%t ar ( sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g.
Batas atas -!#!pata" atas a"g (="-a" a(a0a' -!#!pata" a"g t(a- /!"!%a%-a" !ros &"t&- 8!"s ta"a' t!rt!"t& pa(a sa0&ra" (a" (apat ('t&"g %!r(asar gaa s!r!t. Batas atas -!#!pata" a"g (="-a" ata& a"g t(a- /!"!%a%-a" !ros &"t&- sa0&ra" 0&r&s (!"ga" -!/r"ga" -!#0 s!rta -!(a0a/a" a0ra" 0!%' -!#0 (ar 757 / /!"&r&t U.S B!r!a& o> R!#0a/ato" Fort!r (a" S#o%! 152$ s!%aga %!r-&t Tabel :.& +eepatan 7aksimum yang diiBinkan #oleh Portier dan Sobey$ Mat!ra0
N
/(!t
ar %!rs'
/(!t ar g /!"ga"g-&t 0a"a& -o0o(
Pasr 'a0&s "o" -o00o(a0
7727
7,$4
74*2
L!/p&"g -!pasra" "o" -o00o(a0
7727
7$33
74*2
S0t 0oa/ "o" -o00o(a0
7727
7*17
751,
L&/p&r A00&Ga0 "o" -o00o(a0
7727
7*17
17*4
Or("ar >!r/ 0oa/
7727
74*2
17*4
A%& G&0-a"s
7727
74*2
17*4
L!/p&"g -a-& sa"gat -o00o(a0 772$
11,3
1$2,
L&/p&r a00&Ga0 -o00o(a0
11,3
1$2,
772$
L!/p&"g -!ras
772$
1+25
1+25
K!r-0 'a0&s
7727
74*2
1$2,
ra(!( 0oa/ to #o%%0!s "o" #o00o(a0
7737
11,3
1$2,
ra(!( s0t to #o%%0!s )'!" #o00o(a0
7737
1215
1*4*
K!r-0 -asar "o" #o00o(a0
772$
1215
1+25
9o%%0!s a"( s'"g0!s
773$
1$2,
1*4+
S&/%!r P!(o/a" P!r!"#a"aa" Sa0&ra" T!r%&-a P&sat P!"!0ta" (a" P!"g!/%a"ga" P!"gara" D!p. PU 15+*.
Batas
%a)a'
-!#!pata"
ar
(a0a/
sa0&ra"
p!/%&a"g
(s!s&a-a" (!"ga" (ata -a"(&"ga" s!(/!" s!(!/-a" s!'"gga t(a- t!r8a( a-&/&0as p!"g!"(apa" a"g (apat /!"!%a%-a" p!"(a"g-a0a" (a" /!"g'a0a"g a0ra" a"g /!/&"g-"-a"
t!r8a("a
!>!-
p!/%!"(&"ga".
Batas
-!#!pata" %a)a' 73 /(!t (apat /!"g'"(ar p!"g!"(apa". B!%!rapa >a-tor a"g (apat (p!rt/%a"ga" a(a0a' -
K!00"g %asa' a"g 0!%' %!sar a-a" /!/p!r%!sar "f0tras
-
Ma-" %!sar 0!%ar p!"a/pa"g sa0&ra" a-a" /!/p!r%!sar p!/%!%asa" ta"a' t!tap (apat /!"g&ra"g p!r&%a'a" -!(a0a/a" ar
-
Ma-" 0a/%at -!#!pata" ar (a0a/ sa0&ra" ta"pa t!r8a( p!"g!"(apa" a-a" /!/p!r%!sar -apastas p!r!sapa" "f0tras
6&%&"ga" a"tara (ata s!(/!" (a" -!#!pata" r!"#a"a (apat ((!-at (!"ga" #ara p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" -a"to"g
-
0&/p&r sa"( trap
saluran pembuan' tanpa lindun'an terhadap ban(ir 1 tan''ul
!
8 200
+00 / ar / $00 1 5 20
8 100
b 3ar 6 pun,ak "a
sisa 'alian +
+
"
7
m
b 3ar 6 pun,ak "a
; . P . -
6 pun,ak "na
1
tan''ul sisa 'alian disatu sisi sa(a
6 8 20 m *dt
sisa 'alian
I
6 ren,ana
8 100
; . P . -
untuk 6 8 1 m *dt
100
m
+ untuk 1 / 6 8 20 m *dt tan''ul sisa 'alian boleh untuk kedua sisi
8 +0
8 100
; . P .
1
1 5 20
I
-
1m
6 ren,ana
sisa 'alian
8 +00 1
6 pun,ak "na
7
1
+
6 20 m *dt
1 m
"a
Jna
8 muka air 'enan'an diperbolehkan 8 muka air 'enan'an tak diperbolehkan
saluran pembuan' den'an lindun'an terhadap ban(ir
; . P . -
10
8 100
+00
100
100 6 ren,ana 6 pun,ak
w
1 5 20
w
8 100 ; . P . -
1 5 20
7 7
+
+
m *dt / 6 8 20 m *dt
8 +0
-.P.; 8 -atas Pembebasan ;anah
w
; . P .
+
m
+00
8 100
:alan
1
6 8 m *dt
6 pun,ak
1 5 20
1
-
1
1
6 ren,ana
1
7
1
+
+
20 m *dt / 6 8 0 m *dt
m
kedalaman 'alian ,m
kemirin'an talut minimum hor. * ert.
7 8 100 100 / 7 8 200 7 200 ukuran dalam ,m
Gambar :.& tipe4tipe potongan melintang saluran pembuang
1 11 2
M!to(! p!"g't&"ga" " 'a"a %o0!' (t!rap-a" &"t&- (!%t; (!%t sa/pa 37 /3 (t sa8a. B0a (p!r-ra-a" a-a" t!r8a( (!%t 0!%' %!sar /a-a (!%t p&"#a- (ar (a!ra';(a!ra' "o"sa)a' (a" (!%t p!/%&a"g sa)a' a"g t!r8a( s!#ara %!rsa/aa" 'ar&s (p!0a8ar s!#ara %!rsa/a;sa/a (!"ga" -!/&"g-"a" p!"g&ra"ga" (!%t p&"#a- (a" p!"gar&' %a"8r s!/!"tara a"g /&"g-" 8&ga t!r8a(.
M&-a ar r!"#a"a pa(a tt- p!rt!/&a" a"tara (&a sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g s!%a-"a (a/%0 s!%aga %!r-&t -
EGa0&as /&-a ar a"g s!s&a (!"ga" %a"8r (!"ga" pro(! &0a"g $ -a0 p!r ta'&" &"t&- s&"ga
-
M&-a ar r!"#a"a &"t&- sa0&ra" p!/%&a"ga" "t!r" a"g t"g-at"a 0!%' t"gg 0ag
-
M!a" /&-a ar 0a&t MSL &"t&- 0a&t.
-.3 P((n/an ,el'nan/ Sal!&an Pe$!an/ -.3.1 Ge(e&' Poto"ga" /!0"ta"g sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g (r!"#a"a r!0at> 0!%' (a0a/ (arpa(a sa0&ra" rgas (!"ga" a0asa" s!%aga %!r-&t -
U"t&- /!"g&ra"g %aa p!0a-sa"aa" (a" p!/%!%asa" ta"a'
-
aras t"ggg /&-a ar 0!%' %!sar p!r&%a'a";p!r&%a'a" pa(a (!%t p!/%&a"ga" (apat (t!r/a &"t&- 8ar"ga" p!/%&a"g p!r/&-aa"
-
Sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g a"g (a0a/ a-a" /!/0- a0ra" a"g 0!%' sta%0 pa(a (!%t;(!%t r!"(a' s!(a"g-a" sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g a"g 0!%' %!sar a-a" /!"&"8&--a" a0ra" a"g %!r%!0o-;%!0o-.
P!r%a"("ga" -!(a0a/ 0!%ar (asar ar " %' &"t&- sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g s!-&"(!r (a/%0 a"tara 1 (a" 3. U"t&- sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g a"g 0!%' %!sar "0a %a"("g " 'ar&s pa0"g t(a- 3. Tp!;tp!
poto"ga" /!0"ta"g (sa8-a" pa(a ga/%ar 4.2
U"t&- sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g s-&"(!r (a" pr/!r 0!%ar (asar /"/&/ (a/%0 7*7 /.
-.3.2 Ke'&'n/an Tal! Sal!&an Pe$!an/ P!rt/%a"ga";p!rt/%a"ga" &"t&- -!/r"ga" ta0&t s!%&a' sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g %&ata" /rp (!"ga" p!rt/%a"ga" &"t&sa0&ra" rgas.
6arga;'arga -!/r"ga" /"/&/ ta0&t &"t&- sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g pa(a %!r%aga %a'a" ta"a' (a/%0(ar Ta%!0 4.3 (a" a/%ar 4.2. Tabel :.( +emiringan talut minimum untuk saluran pembuang
K!(a0a/a" ga0a"D
-!/r"ga" /"/&/ ta0&t
(m)
(1h$r !m"ert .)
D≤1 0 17≤ % 27 D Q 27
17 1$ 27
M&"g-" (p!r0&-a" -!/r"ga" ta0&t a"g 0!%' 0a"(a 8-a (p!r-ra-a" a-a" t!r8a( a0ra" r!/%!sa" a"g %!sar -!(a0a/ sa0&ra".
-.3.3 Len/"!n/ )al!&an e$!an/ Jar;8ar /"/&/ 0!"g-&"g s!%aga a"g (&-&r (a0a/ as &"t&sa0&ra" p!/%&a"g %&ata" a(a0a' s!%aga %!r-&t
Tabel :. 6ari46ari lengkung untuk saluran pembuang tanah
? r!"#a"a /3 (t ?≤ $ $?≤"5 4$ ? ≤10 ? ≤15 ? Q1$
Jar;8ar /"/&/ / 3 0!%ar (asar` , 0!%ar (asar $ 0!%ar (asar * 0!%ar (asar 4 0!%ar (asar
J-a (p!r0&-a" 8ar;8ar a"g 0!%' -!#0 8ar; 8ar t!rs!%&t %o0!' (-&ra"g sa/pa 3 0!%ar (asar (!"ga" #ara /!/%!r pasa"ga" %aga" 0&ar 0!"g-&"ga" sa0&ra".
-.3.4 T'n//' ;a/aan Kar!"a (!%t p!/%&a"g r!"#a"a a-a" t!r8a( (!"ga" p!ro(! &0a"g rata;rata $ ta'&" /a-a t"gg /&-a ar r!"#a"a /a-s/&/ (a/%0 sa/a (!"ga" t"gg /&-a ta"a'. a0a" ta/%a'a" t(a- 0ag (p!r0&-a". Apa%0a 8ar"ga" p!/%&a"g &ta/a 8&ga /!"ga0r-a" ar '&8a" %&a"ga" (ar (a!ra';(a!ra' %&-a" sa)a' (a" 'ar&s /!/%!r-a" p!r0"(&"ga" p!"&' t!r'a(ap %a"8r /a-a t"gg 8agaa" a-a" (a/%0 7, ; 71 / 0'at ga/%ar 4.2 (a" 4.3.
`
8ar;8ar /"/&/ a"g a-a" (pa-a a(a0a' $ /
n
40.0 a
20.0 i
n
u
d
n
u
l
t 10.0 d * + &.0 m 4.0 m a l a d 2.0 t i b e d 1.0 s a 0.& t i s a 0.4 p a k
'
t
a
n
'
l
a
'
n
'
'
u
l
t
0.2
0.1 0
0.2
0.4
0.&
0.$
1.0
meter di atas permukaan air
Gambar :.( Tinggi 6agaan untuk saluran pembuang #dari US8R$
U"t&- -!p!r0&a" (ra"as! t"gg ta"gg&0 ('0r %!"(&"g ((!sa" /!"gg&"a-a" ? 27 ata& ?2$ t'. J-a t!r"ata r!s-o 8-a
t!r8a(
%a"8r
(
'0r
8&ga
t"gg
/a-a
(apat
(p!rt/%a"g-a" (!%t %a"8r a"g sa/a (!"ga" (!%t %a"8r r!"#a"a &"t&- %!"(&"g"a.
1.2
. PERENCANAAN SALURAN GENDONG .1. Ga$a&an U!
Sa0&ra" g!"(o"g a(a0a' sa0&ra" (ra"as a"g (0!ta--a" s!8a8ar (!"ga" sa0&ra" rgas. Sa0&ra" g!"(o"g " %!r>&"gs /!"#!ga' /!"#!ga' a0ra" p!r/&-aa" R&" O@ ( 0&ar (a!ra' rgas ekstern area /as&- -!(a0a/ sa0&ra" rgas . Ar a"g /as&- sa0&ra" g!"(o"g " (a0r-a" -!0&ar -! sa0&ra" a0a/ ata& sa0&ra" (ra"as a"g t!r(!-at. Sa0&ra" g!"(o"g " (%a"g&" (-o"tr&-s apa%0a s&at& sa0&ra" rgas /!0"tas /!0"tas s&at& (a!ra'; (a!ra' ( p!r%&-ta". Tata 0!ta- sa0&ra" g!"(o"g (a" sa0&ra" rgas (apat (0'at pa(a ga/%ar ( %a)a' ".
Ja0a" ata& ta"ggg&0 sa0&ra"
Sa0&ra" !"(o"g
Sa0&ra" Irgas
Ga$a& .1 P((n/an ,el'nan/ Sal!&an /en%(n/ %an )al!&an '&'/a)'
Kapastas (ra"as &"t&- sat& 8!"s (a!ra' (atara" t"gg Up La"( ata&
(atara" r!"(a' 0o) La"( &/&/"a
/!"gg&"a-a" p!ro(! &0a"g #&ra' '&8a" $ ta'&"a" . S!(a"g p!ro(! $7 ta'&"a" -'&s&s (g&"a-a" pa(a ar!a0 a"g /!/p&"a (&a 8!"s (atara" at& (atara" t"gg (a" (atara" r!"(a'.
.2. Taa Ca&a %an Da)a& Pe&'!n/an
D!%t (ra"as (t!"t&-a" &"t&- /!r!"#a"a-a" -apastas (a" (/!"s
%a"g&"a"
sa0&ra"
(ra"as
(a0a/
/!/%&a"g
-!0!%'a" ar a"g a(a ( p!r/&-aa" (ra"as p!r/&-aa" t!r&ta/a a"g %!rasa0 (ar (a!ra' p!r%&-ta" hilly area . Kapastas (!%t (ra"as " /!"!"t&-a" (/!"s sa0&ra" (a" -!/r"ga" /!/a"8a"g (ar sa0&ra". Kapastas (!%t ('t&"g (!"ga" 2 (&a /!to(! at& 1
M!to(! raso"a0 &"t&- (a!ra' ta"g-apa" (atara" t"gg hilly area .
2
M!to(! 0a/a 6&8a" (a" Fr!-&!"s &"t&- (atara" r!"(a' 3o 3and $ .
.2.4 ,e(%e Ra)'(nal
M!to(! Raso"a0 (g&"a-a" &"t&- /!"g't&"g %!sar a0ra" p!r/&-aa" (a!ra' (ra"as a"g /!0a0& (atara" t"gg p!g&"&"ga" (!"ga" 0&as (a!ra' ta"g-apa" t(a- /!0!%' $77 6a. ? R 9 ; 6 F 17777
. . . . +.1
3*77 #
Pa"8a"g a0ra" /
K!#!pata" a0ra" 27 6L
6
B!(a t"gg !0!Gas p&"#a- p!r%&-ta" sa/pa !0!Gas r!"#a"a sa0&ra" g!"(o"g 724+ 9 . . A . . . . +.2 It
?
/ (t 7* / (t
D/a"a Q
D!%t (ra"as / 3 (t
R
I"t!"stas rata;rata '&8a" s!0a/a )a-t& -os!"tras '&8a" // 8a/ Ko!fs!" run o< /!r&pa-a" p!r%a"("ga" a"tara /a-s/&/ run o< (ar (a!ra' t& (a" 'arga rata;
C
rata #&ra' '&8a" s!0a/a )a-t& -os!"tras 0'at Ta%!0 +.1 T"gg ar g!"a"ga" a"g (8"-a" &"t&- (a!ra' p!g&"&"ga" 6 7
H
F M!r&pa-a" p!r%a"("ga" (ar 0&as ar!a0 a"g (ta"a/ sa)a' (!"ga" 0&as ar!a0 (a!ra' ta"g-apa" '&8a" A 2
F
A1 A1 A2 R R
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I20
I25
I50
a
52252
114543
12$4+2
1$$*,$
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1 DATAR PUSTAKA
AS9E Tas- #o//tt!! >or pr!parato" o> s!(/!"tato" /a"&a0H Jo&r". 6(r. DG. AS9E Ja";Apr0;D!# 1541.
Bos M.. J. N&t!r!!" O" Irrgato" Eb#!"#!s ILRI p&%0#ato" Bo. 15 ag!""gt!" 15+2.
96O.T Op!" 9'a""!0 6(ra&0#s M#ra);600 N!) Yor- 15*$.
DRD;DOI D!sg" 9rt!ra o" Irrgato" E"g"!!r"g A&g&st 15+7.
Dort J.A. Ga" M.. Bos Dra"ag! pr"#p0!s a"( app0#ato"s ILRI p&%0#ato" No.1* ag!""g!" 154,.
ra> .6 6(ra&0#s o> s!(/!"t tra"sport M#ra);600 Lo"(o" 1541.
6!"(!rso" F.M. Op!" 9'a""!0 F0o) M#M00a" 9o/pa" N!) Yor- 15$5.
I(!0\#- I.E. M!/!"to (!s p!rst!s (! #'arg! Ero00!s Pars 15*5.
Kraat= D.B. Irrgato" #a"a0 0""g FAO Ro/! 1544.
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LPMA Pro!- P!"&s&"a" Sta"(ar P!r!"#a"aa" 2 -
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USBR US D!part!/!"t o> I"t!ror D!sg" o> s/a00 (a/s as'"gto" D.9. 1543.
USBR US D!part!/!"t o> I"t!ror 9a"a0s a"( r!0at!( str&#t&r!s as'"gto" D.9 15*4.
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T?
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..... A.1.,
∝ -s '
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Uraa" (atas (sa8-a" pa(a Ta%!0 A.1.1. ( %a)a' "
Tabel /.'.'. Rumus ) rumus angkutan sedimen
R&/&s A"g-&ta" R&/&s (!%t A"g-&ta"
Da00
Tp!
S!"(/!" D! os 0>!r
; 9'!=
E"st!" Bro)"
9'!=
E"st!" Bro)"
Str#-0!r
E"st!" Bro)"
R&/&s r!g/ '12 I G2 ` I
'*17 I
G I Laa"g GZ I Laa"g %a'a" 'a0&s Dasar %a'a" 'a0&s
'+1$ I
Dasar %a'a" 'a0&s Dasar %a'a" 'a0&s
Ke)'!lan -
Krt!ra a"g t!r%a- &"t&- p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra" a"g sta%0 a"g 'ar&s /!"ga-&t %a'a" s!(/!" a(a0a' %a')a -apastas a"g-&ta" s!(/!" r!0at> T? t(a%0!' %!r-&ra"g -! ara' '0r ata& 8-a a(a %a'aa p!"gg!r&sa" -apastas a"g-&ta" s!(/!" 'ar&s t!tap -o"sta" -! ara' '0r.
-
Krt!ra p!r!"#a"aa" a"g a-a" (-&t %!rga"t&"g -!pa(a tp! (a" Go0&/! s!(/!" a"g a-a" (a"g-&t (!"ga" -ata 0a" %!rga"t&"g pa(a r&/&s a"g-&ta" s!(/!" (a" r&/&s (!%t a"g (pa-a -rt!ra %a')a
612 I -o"sta"
M!/%!r-a" p!r-raa" a"g (apat (t!r/a &"t&-!a(aa" a"g %asa (t!"t&-a" pa(a sa0&ra" rgas.
LA,PIRAN 2
La'&an 2 PERENCANAAN PROIL SALURAN
Da0a/ /!r!"#a"a-a" sa0&ra" -&t0a' 0a"g-a' 0a"g-a' %!r-&t
1.
T!"t&-a" (!%t r!"#a"a s!rta -!/r"ga" a"g t!r%a&"t&- tap r&as sa0&ra" %!r(asar-a" -!/r"ga" /!(a" a"g a(a (a" t"gg %a"g&"a" sa(ap t!rs!r a"g (p!r0&-a". I" /!"g'as0-a" tt- (!"ga" 'arga -'&s&s ?( (a" I
2.
P0ot0a' tt-tt- ?( I &"t&- /as"g /as"g sa0&ra" %!r-&t"a /&0a (ar %a"g&"a" &ta/a '"gga &8&"g sa0&ra" s!-&"(!r (a" tar-0a' gars /!0a0& tt- tt". Da0a/ a/%ar A.2.1 (%!r-a" #o"to' (&a gars &"t&(&a 8ar"ga" sa0&ra" a"g %!r%!(a. P!r0& ("gat %a')a gars;gars " %as %!r%!(a &"t&- 8ar"ga";8ar"ga" sa0&ra" 0a""a.
3.
T!"t&-a" 'arga -!#!pata" (asar a"g (="-a" G%a %ag s!tap r&as sa0&ra" %!r(asar-a" -o"(s ta"ag (!"ga"
a/%ar 3.2.%. Msa0"a 8ar"ga" rgas a-a" (%a"g&" pa(a %a'a" ta"ag a"g t!r(r (ar -a"(&"ga" s!(/!" ( %a)a' 1.777 pp/. I" /!"g'as0-a" G% 1 /(t. A"g-a ta"ag t!rs!%&t 0!%' (ar 7+
(a" o0!' s!%a% t& >a-tor -or!-s A pa(a a/%ar 3.3.a s!-&ra"g -&ra"g"a 17. I" /!"g'as0-a" -!#!pata" (asar a"g (="-a" G%a G% A 17 17 17 /(t &"t&- s!0&r&' (a!ra' pro!-.
,.
gars gars ?( O A (a" B /!/p&"a 'arga 'arga I√R a"g /a-" %!sar (!"ga" /!"&r&""a 'arga ?(. 6a0 " %!rart %a')a 'arga -apastas a"g-&ta" s!(/!" ( -!(&a 8ar"ga" sa0&ra" t!rs!%&t /a-" %!rta/%a' %!sar -! ara' '0r. Dp!r-ra-a" s!(/!"tas t(a- a-a" t!r8a(.
$.
ars gars ?( I /!"&"8&--a" %a')a -!#!pata" (asar r!"#a"a Ga"g 8!0as ( %a)a' 747 /(t. Kar!"a -!#!pata" (asar r!"#"a a"g (="-a" 0a"g-a' 3 ('t&"g 17 /(t /a-a (p!r-ra-a" t(a- a-a" t/%&0 /asa0a' !ros.
*.
Poto"ga" /!0"ta"g ('t&"g (!"ga" ?( I -&rG! a/%ar A.2.1 s!%aga/a"a (t&"8&--a" pa(a Ta%!0 A.2.2. (a" A.2.3. 6arga'arga &"t&- -o0o/ 2 3 (a" , (a/%0 (ar -rt!ra p!r!"#a"aa" " pasa0 3.2 (a" 3.3. 6arga 'arga pa(a -o0o/ * 4 + (a" 5 ('t&"g (!"ga" r&/&s Str#-0!r s!(a"g-a" pa(a -o0o/ 17 ('t&"g (!"ga" #ara /!/%ag 'arga -!#!pata" r!"#a"a pa(a -o0o/ + (!"ga" >a-tor -or!-s -!(a0a/ B (ar a/%ar 3.3.
4.
6arga 'arga -!/r"ga" sa0&ra" /&"g-" 'ar&s (/o(f-as s!%aga %!r-&t -
J-a G%( /!0a0& G%a /a-a 'arga -!/r"ga" sa0&ra" (a/%0
0!%'
r!"a'
(a"
/&"g-"
(p!r0&-a"
%a"g&"a" t!r8&" -
B0a -!/r"ga" sa0&ra" pa(a 0a"g-a' 1 &"t&- s&at& r&as t!r"ata 0!%' 0a"(a (ar -!/r"ga" a"g (%&t&'-a"
&"t&-
gars
I √R
a"g
%a-
/a-a
-!/r"ga" t!rs!%&t a-a" (ta/%a' (a" s!%aga a-%at"a p!0a-sa"aa" (0a-&-a" pa(a t/%&"a".
+.
Ta%!0 A.2.2 (a" A.2.3 /!/%!r-a" poto"ga" /!0"ta"g &"t&- 'arga 'arga (!%t r!"#a"a a"g (p0'. U"t&'arga ?( a"g 0a" poto"ga" /!0"ta"g ('t&"g (!"ga" /!"ga/%0 'arga 'arga / " (a" - (ar -rt!ra p!r!"#a"aa" " %aga" 3.2. (a" 3.3 (a" poto"ga" /!/a"8a"g (a/%0 (ar graf- p!r!"#a"aa" sa0&ra".
Gambar /.&.'. Gra"k Perenanaan Saluran #dengan garis4garis / dan 8
Tabel /.&.' +arakteristik saluran yang dipakai dengan Gambar /.&.'
-!/r"ga"
p!r%a"("ga "
(a0a/
ta0&t
-!-asara" -
/ (t 7.1$ ; 7.37
3
1E/
%' "
1.7
1.7
3$
7.37
;
7.$7
1.7
1.7
;
1.2
3$
7.$7
;
7.4$
1.7
1.2
;
1.3
3$
7.4$
;
1.77
1.7
1.3
;
1.$
3$
1.77
;
1.$7
1.7
1.$
;
1.+
,7
1.$7
;
3.77
1.$
1.+
;
2.3
,7
3.77
;
,.$7
1.$
2.3
;
2.4
,7
,.$7
;
$.77
1.$
2.4
;
2.5
,7
$.77
;
*.77
1.$
2.5
;
3.1
,2.$
*.77
;
4.$7
1.$
3.1
;
3.$
,2.$
4.$7
;
5.77
1.$
3.$
;
3.4
,2.$
5.77
;
17.77
1.$
3.4
;
3.5
,2.$
17.77
;
11.77
2.7
3.5
;
,.2
,$
11.77
;
1$.77
2.7
,.2
;
,.5
,$
1$.77
;
2$.77
2.7
,.5
;
*.$
,$
2$.77
;
,7.77
2.7
*.$
;
5.7
,$
(!%t
>a-tor
Tabel /.&.& Data pro"l saluran garis / "
/
1
2
3
,
$
*
4
+
5
17
7.37
1.7
1.7
3$
7.$*
7.*2
7.*2
7.35
3.15
7.,2
7.$7
1.7
1.2
3$
7.$7
7.43
7.++
7.,2
3.1*
7.,,
7.4$
1.$
1.3
3$
7.,*
7.4+
1.72
7.,,
3.74
7.,*
1.$7
1.$
1.+
,7
7.35
7.52
1.**
7.$,
2.52
7.$$
3.77
1.$
2.3
,7
7.32
1.1*
2.**
7.$5
2.4*
7.$4
,.$7
1.$
2.4
,7
7.2+
1.32
3.$4
7.*1
2.*3
7.$+
*.77
1.$
3.1
,2.$
7.2$
1.,1
,.34
7.**
2.,*
7.*1
4.$7
1.$
3.$
,2.$
7.23
1.$7
$.2$
7.*4
2.3*
7.*2
5.77
1.$
3.4
,2.$
7.21
1.*7
$.53
7.*4
2.2,
7.*1
11.77
2.7
,.2
,$
7.27
1.*7
*.41
7.47
2.1,
7.*,
1$.77
2.7
,.5
,$
7.14
1.4*
+.*,
7.47
1.5,
7.*3
2$.77
2.7
*.$
,$
7.1$
2.77
12.5+
7.4,
1.+4
7.*,
,7.77
2.7
5.7
,$
7.13
2.15
15.43
7.4,
1.45
7.*$
- (t
I
13
17;3
' /
I√'
? / (t 3
%
/
G /(t
G%( /(t
17
;,
Tabel/.&.( Data pro"l saluran garis 8 ? 3 / (t
/
"
1
2
3
737
17
7$7
I
I√'
'
%
17
/
/
G /(t
,
$
*
4
+
5
17
17
3$
7,,
7*$
7*$
73*
2$*
735
17
12
3$
73+
744
752
73+
2,*
7,7
74$
1$
13
3$
73$
7+2
174
7,7
2,7
7,1
1$7
1$
1+
,7
737
754
14,
7,5
237
7,5
377
1$
23
,7
72$
121
245
7$,
221
7$2
,$7
1$
24
,7
722$ 13+
341
7$4
2$1
7$3
*77
1$
31
,2$
727
1,4
,$$
7*7
271
7$*
4$7
1$
3$
,2$
715
1$$
$,,
7*2
155
7$4
577
1$
34
,2$
714$ 1**
*1,
7*3
157
7$4
1177
27
,2
,$
1*4
477
7*,
14$
7$+
1$77
27
,5
,$
71,$ 1+2
+51
7**
1*+
7$5
2$77
27
*$
,$
713
27$ 133, 747
1*,
7*1
,777
27
57
,$
712
223 2773 743
1*2
7*2
13 - (t
;3
71*
;,
17
G%( /(t
LA,PIRAN 3
W
1
Ta$el A.3.2 K&'e&'a "la)'"a)' ana )9)e UNIIED
Ta$el A.3.3 K&'e&'a "la)'"a)' ana )9)e AASHTO
3
, Ta$el A.3.4 Pa&aee& e&en*anaan '%&(l') !n!" )al!&an 'a aal "!%a
$
Ta$el A.3.5 Pa&aee& e&en*anaan '%&(l') !n!" )al!&an 'a $!la
