KOC.ev.003 - Guide to EIA Reporting B

KOC.EV.003 – EIA Procedure, Appendix-B: Guide to EIA Reporting

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GUIDE TO EIA REPORTING Identification significant

and impacts,

Assessment

of

Identification

of

Appendix B

mitigation and control needs, Input to decision analysis.

Feasibility

(2) Site selection, Environmental screening, EIA Scoping

Design & Engineering

3

Detailed design of mitigation

Project Concept

(1)

Implementation

4 Monitoring & Evaluation Monitoring and

(5)

post-auditing,

mitigation & monitoring measures and environmental

lessons for future

Health and Environment Team HSE Group December 2010

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Implementation of


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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidelines INTRODUCTION ABOUT EIA EIA is an important part of project planning process used to help ensure that environmental matters are taken into account early in the project planning process, along with the more traditional technical and economic considerations. The EIA process identifies, predicts, interprets and communicates information about impacts of a proposed project on the biophysical environment (air, water, land, plants and animals) as well as on the social and economic environment of the people to be affected. It seeks ways to maximize the societal benefits of a project, and avoid or reduce detrimental impacts. The study therefore requires a multi-disciplinary approach. It should be done very early at the feasibility stage of a project. In other words a project should be assessed for its environmental feasibility. The EIA considers and compares various alternatives by which the project could be realized and seeks to identify the one which represents the best combination of economic and environmental costs and benefits. Alternatives include location as well as design considerations, process technology and construction methods. The EIA is based on past records, scientific methods and predictions. It attempts to predict the changes in environmental quality which would result from the proposed project/action. The EIA attempts to weigh environmental effects either beneficial or adverse on a common basis with economic costs and benefits and finally it is a decision-making

tool.

Any

EIA

study

should

examine

the

environmental

consequences, both beneficial and adverse, of a proposed development project and to ensure that these effects are taken into account in project design. EIA should be viewed as an integral part of the project planning process. The main advantages and benefits of EIA are: 

Reduced environmental damage (mitigation measures planned and implemented in time to minimize adverse impacts on the environment)



Lower project costs in the long-term (fewer costly changes or add-ons at advanced stages of the project; lower probability of environmental disasters, legal concerns and/or environmental liabilities)



Increased project acceptance by the key stakeholders



Improved project project design and and siting



More informed and environmentally sensitive decision-making



Increased accountability and transparency during the development process



Improved integration of projects into their environmental and social setting

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This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) guideline is provided to establish minimum documentation requirements for all EIAs in compliance with HSE MS Procedure on Environment Impact Assessment & Screening Checklist (KOC.EV.003). This guideline includes a template for EIA Reports and describes EIA process. In presenting a clear and comprehensive statement of the components which need to be included in an EIA report, the guidelines will not only assist controlling teams and EIA consultants prepare better quality EIA reports but will also ensure that sufficient information is available for a proper assessment and for good decision making. However these guidelines are by no means exhaustive or limited and are subject to continuous updating in light of improvement in knowledge and understanding of such development. The objectives of these guidelines are namely: -



To assist in the preparation of reports that are comprehensive in their content



To assist in review of the reports



To avoid time delays



To ensure environmental issues receive due consideration they deserve

EIA PROCESS Once the decision is taken that an EIA is required, the study to be conducted usually involves the following steps: 1. Preliminary activities including defining the scope of EIA or setting terms of reference for the EIA, selecting consultant to conduct the EIA: Controlling Team of the project or Controlling Team of EIA Consultancy Contract. If needed Asset/Directorate/Corporate HSE assistance would be sought by Controlling Team to set the Scope of EIA with the Consultant. 2. Conduct of EIA : Consultant 3. Consultant to submit the Draft Initial EIA Report to Controlling Team. 4. Controlling team to circulate the Draft Initial EIA Report to Concerned Asset/Dir HSE Team and Corporate H&E Team (as needed) for review 5. Controlling team to compile the comments and forward to EIA Consultant 6. Consultant to incorporate the forwarded comments and submit a Revised Initial EIA Report by the Consultant 7. Submit revised version of the Initial EIA report to KEPA by Controlling Team 8. The process shall be repeated for Final EIA Report 9. The steps (2-7) shall be repeated for Final EIA Report

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10. To obtain an Environmental Clearance from KEPA for the proposed project by Controlling Team

It is the responsibility of the Consultant to resolve the comments of KOC teams to their satisfaction. Only after the endorsement of the EIA report from the HSE teams of KOC, the report shall be submitted to KEPA for Environment Clearance.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT FORMAT The EIA report should contain a brief introduction explaining the need for and context of the project. This document should have the following content, unless specified otherwise in the Terms of Reference:      

  



Executive or Non Technical Summary Description of the Proposed Project in detail Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework Environmental Baseline Survey Identification and Analysis of Alternatives Project environmental Impacts including Socio-economic (phase-wise & cumulative) Significant environmental impacts Mitigation Action/Mitigation Management Plan Mitigation measures proposed to avoid, reduce or compensate for project impacts Environmental Monitoring, Training and Management Program

An Environmental Impact Assessment report shall, at a minimum, include complete information on the following topics: Title Page: This should contain details of 

The full Title under which the EIA has been prepared



Location of project



The project proponent name (KOC Controlling team)



Consultancy Firm Name & Address



Duration of the Study (EIA study award month to Report submission month)

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Index Page S.No

1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 3 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2

3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 5 5.1

Title EXECUTIVE or NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY Abbreviation List Definitions PROJECT DESCRIPTION Background of Company’s operations & facilities Introduction & purpose of the project Location of the proposed project (including maps and GIS attributes) Proposed Construction activities Green Features of the Project Project Implementation Schedule OVERVIEW OF EIA Terms of Reference of Project & EIA study (Salient Features) Study Area Objective of EIA Approach and Methodology Data collection Modeling Sampling and Analysis Impacts Assessment Criteria Estimations of Quantities (Waste, Emissions, effluent etc..) REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Relevant & Applicable Regulations in State of Kuwait (KEPA, Ministry of Oil etc..) EIA applicability, Preparation & Submission requirements Applicable Environmental Standards for Noise, Heat Stress, Occupational exposure to Chemical substances, Vibrations, Solid and Hazardous Waste, Air emissions (ambient & point), Effluent, Soil and Biodiversity. KOC HSE MS Frame Work HSE MS Policy, Vision & Mission Salient features of EIA Procedure Applicable HSE MS Procedures ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS & JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROPOSED SCHEME Alternatives Considered No Action Alternative Alternatives Comparison (Comparative Matrix) Preferred alternative (Justification) PROJECT RESOURCE ESTIMATION Manpower at various stages Infrastructure in terms of Site office, Storage, Transportation,

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5.2 5.3 5.4 6 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.1.1 6.1.1.2 6.1.1.3 6.1.1.4 6.1.2 6.1.2.1 6.1.2.2 6.1.2.3 6.1.3 6.1.3.1 6.1.3.2 6.1.3.3 6.1.4 6.1.4.1 6.1.4.2 6.1.4.3 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.1.1 6.2.1.2 6.2.1.3 6.2.1.4 6.2.1.5 6.2.2 6.2.2.1 6.2.2.2 6.2.2.3 6.2.2.4 6.2.2.5 6.2.2.6 6.2.2.7 6.2.2.8 7 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2

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Fire & Safety measures Equipment (Mobile & Stationery) Water & Energy requirements Waste & Effluent Disposal facilities ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SURVEY (Existing Environmental Setting or Baseline Information including Historical Data) Natural Environment Terrestrial Geomorphology Soil Geology Seismology Aquatic Water Quality (Surface & Ground) Sea Water Hydrology Atmospheric Meteorology Air Noise Biological Animal/Plant Habitat/Rare species Aquatic life Socio-Economic Environment Human History & Economic base Demography and Population Unique Features Occupational health Employment/Workforce Infrastructure Land use Water Transport Electricity Drainage/Flood Control Agricultural activities Industry/Tourism Services PROJECT IMPACTS (Preferred Alternative) Positive Aspects of the Project Activity Impacts on Natural Environment Design & Engineering Phase Construction phase

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7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2

7.4 7.5

7.6 8 8.1 8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.1.5

9 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 11 12

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Commissioning phase Operational phase De-commissioning phase Social/Cultural Impacts Human Impacts (Employment, Economy, Unique features & Occupational health) Infrastructural Impacts (Land use, Water, Transport, Electricity, Drainage, Agriculture etc..) Cumulative Impacts (similar or dissimilar projects with observed or predicted impacts) Estimate the significance or magnitude of environmental impacts with relevant criteria utilized to determine significance Quantification/Modeling/Prediction/Forecast of Significant Impacts ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN Activity monitoring in compliance with Environmental Statutes and Regulations Design & Engineering Phase Construction phase Commissioning phase Operational phase De-commissioning phase CONCLUSIONS APPENDICES Lab Test Results Photographs/Pictures/Flow Diagrams Procedures/Forms/Survey/Drawings/Reports/Literature REFERENCES CONSULTING TEAM DETAILS (Brief Resumes – Not Exceeding a 1 page per individual)

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EXECUTIVE or NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY A non-technical summary not exceeding 10 pages must summarize all the data and point out important environment impacts that may occur by the project, suggestion for preventive and remedial measures and environmental monitoring system. The related data presented must be precise and should be understood quickly. Language used in EIA Executive Summary report must be precise and easily understandable. The summary to consist of: 

Type and size of the project, including associated activities



Project site with appropriated maps of the project site and surrounding area, showing place and object which may be affected by the project



Showing main impact/pollution from the project, affecting bio-physical environment and natural resource during its construction and operation



Socio-economic-cultural impacts



Mitigation measures to prevent or to reduce major impact to the en vironment



Monitoring program.



Conclusion

PROJECT DESCRIPTION Describe project in a way that the project can be understood and visualized, thus helping to understand the impact to the environment by the project. The report must address following points. 

Background of Comp any’s Operations & Facilities



Introduction and Purpose of the project should include Type, size & capacity of project and justification for the proposed project and reason.



Location of the Project: Description and reason for site selection followed by Project site identification on a map and photographs of project site, adjacent land uses and surrounding areas including any important environmental features etc..



Detail information of process or activities of the project, raw material, energy & infrastructure requirement, number of workers, and other detail associated with the project construction and operating plan so that the operation of the project should be clearly understood



Details of the green features incorporated in the project to highlight the contribution to sustainable development.



Project implementation schedule depicting the key milestones completion time frames

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OVERVIEW OF EIA To outline the Scope of Project as wells of Scope of EIA study to understand the Project activities & EIA preparation as per the Terms of Reference. The study area should include all lands subject to direct disturbance from the Project and associated infrastructure, including access and utility corridors and assess impacts on bio-physical environment as well as socio-economic-cultural impacts. For the Project Area, provide: 

a map that identifies the locations of all proposed development activities; and



a map showing the area proposed to be disturbed in relation to existing topographic features.

Study Areas for the EIA report include the Project Area and other areas based on individual environmental components where an effect from the proposed development can reasonably be expected. The basic guiding principles & objectives of the EIA are to be listed The approach to the EIA should consist of compilation of existing data, field survey for collection of new data, sample collection & analysis, interpretation of data, prediction of impacts through modeling, impacts assessment through acceptance criteria and Theory, Equations and Formulas being used for quantity estimations. The methodology should describe the justification for primary data collection, monitoring protocols especially for sampling & analysis, modeling approval status, brief QA/QC, Assessment Criteria features, Theory & Formulas acceptance. EIA evaluation should follow the methodology given in KOC’s HSE MS Procedure on ‘Environmental Aspects Identification and Assessment Procedure (KOC.EV.001)’. This

Evaluation will be carried out on a risk basis, taking into consideration both the potential impact of the incident and its likelihood. Based on which, each aspect will be assigned a significance ranking of High, Medium, or Low based on relative risk with, but not limited to, following questions in mind. The following need to be considered for the evaluation:     

Will there be a large change in environmental conditions? Will new features be out-of-scale with the existing environment? Will the effect be unusual in the area or particularly complex? Will the effect extend over a large area? Will many people be affected?

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

         

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Will many receptors of other types (fauna and flora, businesses, facilities) be affected? Will valuable or scarce features or resources be affected? Is there a risk that environmental standards will be breached? Is there a risk that protected sites, areas, and features will be affected? Is there a high probability of the effect occurring? Will the effect continue for a long time? Will the effect be permanent rather than temporary? Will the impact be continuous rather than intermittent? If it is intermittent will it be frequent rather than rare? Will the impact be irreversible? Will it be difficult to avoid, or reduce or repair or compensate for the effect?

Controlling Team acceptance should be sought if any other methodology other than the described methodology in KOC.EV.001 is intended to be used.

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK This section of the EIA Report should describe regulations and standards formulated in the State of Kuwait that are relevant to the proposed project. Discuss the EIA regulation from Kuwait Environment Public Authority followed by applicable environmental standards for Noise, Heat Stress, Occupational exposure to Chemical substances, Vibrations, Solid and Hazardous Waste, Air emissions (ambient & point), Effluent, Soil and Biodiversity.

Also to discuss other Kuwait Ministry

decrees pertain to EIA, influence on EIA outcome (e.g. land zoning, sensitive areas), and Environment Management applicable to Oil & Gas Sector. Where applicable, reference should be made to relevant international treaties, conventions, and/or other agreements to which The State of Kuwait is a Signatory. Company’s procedures that play a role in the project should be explained in addition

to its policy, vision & mission. HSE MS procedures which are developed and implemented throughout the organization address environmental, health, safety, technical integrity and operational risks in accordance with appropriate requirements and play a key role in mitigation of impacts. In the absence of any regulatory framework In Kuwait or relevant Company’s

procedure for any particular impact, Consultants may propose suitable regulatory framework from developed countries or from best practices followed by internationally reputed Oil Majors. The report must mention the stipulations of HSE MS Procedure on ‘EIA Procedu re & Screening Checklist (KOC.EV.003)’. Rev. 21 Dec. 2010


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ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SURVEY (EBS) EBS is a description of the environmental setting i.e. record of conditions prior to implementation of the proposed project. The description of the environmental setting sets forth in detail the characteristics of the area in which the proposed action would occur. The description should be of the study area, which is a defined area within which all effects, impacts, features and potential compensation efforts would occur from a proposed action. The report must show results of the environmental study in its present state, its value to human life quality and natural environment. This description should also provide baseline data with which environmental impacts can be predicted, and against which the predicted impacts of the proposed action can be compared. EBS is carried out to: 

Identify environmental conditions which might influence project design decisions (e.g., site layout, structural or operational characteristics);



Identify sensitive issues or areas requiring mitigation or compensation;



Provide input data to analytical models used for predicting effects;



Provide baseline data against which the results of future monitoring programs can be compared.

The approach commonly adopted in treating this aspect of EIA is the subdivision of the environmental setting into a logical and hierarchical set of categories. Baseline environmental information is assembled through the collection and analysis of existing data and/or by carrying out specific field studies. Where existing information cannot adequately characterize the existing environment, a program of field studies will generally be required to fill in the data gaps and/or provide more timely or focused information. Site specific data requirements through primary monitoring for air, noise and soil are given in Annexure – I. The field study planning process should set the spatial and temporal boundaries for subsequent studies. The spatial boundary should define the study area within which an effect is likely to be detectable. For new Gathering Center developments, natural environment concerns, like produced water quality and underground injection, will generally be limited to within the fenced areas of KOC, while socio-economic concerns, like migration of workers and infrastructure impacts, may spill over beyond the KOC boundaries into adjacent areas/ecosystems. It is important that the full range of potential on-site and off-site effects be identified and assessed. The temporal boundary may define whether an effect will occur daily, seasonally, or after several years.

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EBS should report following environmental conditions given in Table below.

Elements

Description

1. Natural Environment 1.1 Terrestrial Geomorphology Topography, Elevation, Unique physical feature e.g. island, cliff, etc. Soil Profile of soil type and extent of each, sedimentation, erosion physical and chemical characteristics Geology General description of geology of the site Seismology Seismicity, Type and quantity of resources, in the project site and surrounding area 1.2 Aquatic Water Quality Water source, quantity, quality and flow rate. Local (Surface & monitoring data Ground) Sea water Oceanographic characteristic, Water quality and current, Water stratification Hydrology Quantity, Direction, Timings of Water flows, recharge rates, sustainable safe yields 1.3 Atmospheric Meteorology Climatic characteristic (rainfall, intensity, temp.), Incidence of inversions, fog and storms, Wind direction and Speed. Air Regional Air Quality and trends, data from local monitoring, reported exceedance of standards Noise Existing sound levels by local monitoring and sources 1.4 Biological Animal/plant Species including wild life, number, distribution, Ecology, Habitat and migration and records of endangered animal species.

Habitat/Rare species Aquatic life

Spatial arrangement of vegetative community types, vegetative species-abundance lists, records of endangered plant species, Species, number and its importance

Nature of aquatic habitats, Species abundance listing, fisheries & importance 2. Socio-Economic Environment 2.1 Human History & Region history, Community structure, family structures, Economic base social well being, Economy dependence & growth. Demography and Information on population (composition, income, Population language, religion)

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Unique Features

Occupational health Employment/Work force 2.2 Infrastructure Land use Water Transport Electricity Drainage / Flood control Agriculture activities Industry/Tourism Services

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Structures or sites that are of historical, cultural heritage, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance. Occupational disease, work related accident health risk Employment rate, Type of employment (Govt/Private), Distribution of work force (Executive & Labor) Existing land use & plans, Zoning Sources, quantity, quality and adequacy Roads, Harbors, Airport & Navigation Sources, kind, type, adequacy System and efficiency Agriculture development/promotion, Agriculture, Irrigation system Type of industry, Tourism and their Development Nature of status of services such as parks, gardens, police and fire protection, hospitals and schools.

ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS & JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROPOSED SCHEME Alternatives are different means of meeting the general purpose and need of a proposed action, project or program. All the alternatives taken into account in developing the project should be documented. The no-action alternative is the option of not engaging in the proposed action or other action alternatives and provides the baseline against which the impacts of action alternatives are compared. The identification, description, evaluation and comparison of alternative ways to meet the basis purpose and need of a proposed action are crucial to the objectivity of EIA process. The thorough description of alternatives in an EIA process facilitates their side-by-side comparison in terms of their technical, environmental and economic risks and benefits. Even the legal & institutional constrains could be compared. The alternatives analysis should discuss alternatives to a specific action, such as, but not limited to, not proceeding with the action,, carrying out the action in different location or facility, or implementing a non-structural solution. In a proposal to identify a site for Gathering Center, for example, the alternative analysis might identify several locations or sites on which the Gathering Center could be constructed and operated. Certain types of projects might require discussing only alternatives within an action such as using different materials or design or changing the layout (orientation) slightly within the project boundaries. For example, projects like coating application for pipeline shall require alternatives analysis to discuss on

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different materials within the project (action). The alternatives considered should include the ‘no -action’ alternative, the option of

not carrying out any of the action alternatives. The no-action alternative represents an objective baseline against which other alternatives can be measured and may, in the final analysis, be the alternative that is preferred. If the option proposed is not the best one from an environmental perspective, then due justification must be presented vis-à-vis the best option.

PROJECT IMPACTS An environmental impact is defined as a reaction to a change in the environment as a result of a project action. The "technical heart" of the EIA process involves the prediction of changes over time in various environmental aspects as a result of a proposed project. The prediction of the nature, extent, and magnitude of environmental changes likely to result from a proposed project is aided by various tools and techniques. However, the choice of the appropriate method for aspect evaluation should be as outlined in the KOC’s HSE MS procedure on ‘Environmental Aspects Identification and Assessment (KOC.EV.001)’. The key information in terms

of the project aspects identification, evaluation of identified aspects using Hazard Severity Scoring criteria, Likelihood of Occurrence & to arrive at Significant Environmental Aspects are given in KOC.EV.001 procedure. Distinction is often made between permanent, temporary, direct and indirect impacts and normally all types of effects are addressed in an EIA study. Aspect & Impact identification is a critical step in an EIA. The process usually consists of following stages. 

Define Activities and/or Areas



Aspects Identification



List out impact for each identified Aspects: Impacts could be Human health, Land Contamination, Ground Water Pollution, Visual Nuisance, Marine Pollution, Fouling of birds & animals, Odor, Climate Change, Ozone Depletion etc..



Aspects evaluation: Evaluation will be carried out on a risk basis, taking into consideration both the severity of the aspect and its likelihood occurrence. From this, each aspect will be assigned a significance ranking of High, Medium, or Low based on relative risk, as outlined in Environmental Aspect Relative Risk and Significance Matrix given in the Procedure (KOC.EV.001).



Determination of Environmental Aspects Significance

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Environmental aspects with a relative risk of High or Medium will be designated Significant Environmental Aspects. The significance ranking should be used as guide to identify the mitigation measures required to address the risk presented by an aspect. An aspect/impact with a significance rating of High will normally require a mitigation program of action in order to reduce its significance. An aspect with significance rating of Medium requires mitigation measure in the form of operation control in order to maintain or lower this level of significance.

Mitigation

actions/controls are not normally specified for aspects with a significance rating of low. It is important to note that an aspect does not lose significance because the risk has been reduced due to formulation of mitigation measures. It is the function of the Process Owner to ensure that the controls remain effective to maintain an acceptable level of risk. Both positive and negative aspects/impacts resulting from the project should be identified and assessed. Examples of negative impacts are potential pollutants discharged that have an adverse effect on land or visual/odor nuisance etc,.. Positive impacts include creation of jobs, decrease public health risks, upgrading of physical infrastructure, training of workers and so on. Identification of key impacts can be achieved by using one or all of the following methods: 





Compile a list of important impacts from analysis of previous projects of a similar nature in a similar environmental setting; Use checklists, networks, matrices or map overlays to match sources of project impact with potential receptors; Use hypotheses of effects to map out linkages and potential impacts on the environment

Broad impacts associated with oil & gas industry allied projects include deterioration of:         

Air quality Water quality and use Land use Resource use (fuels and other resources) Terrestrial ecosystems Aquatic ecosystems Social systems/Employment Human health Recreational

The level of severity for each of the above parameters will change with the type of project utilized and location of the project. For most of the projects in Oil and Gas industry, typical sources of environmental impacts include: Rev. 21 Dec. 2010


      

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Atmospheric emissions Facility Construction Water discharges Land displacement Waste production and management Access roads, transportation and equipment Energy consumption and supply

The cumulative effects of placing a facility in a given environment should also be considered as part of effects prediction. It should look at any cumulative effects that are likely to result from the project in combination with other projects or activities that have been or will be carried out in the foreseeable future. Examples of cumulative environmental effects include global warming caused by the build-up of greenhouse gases in the upper atmosphere, and loss of b iodiversity. Environmental effects are often seen as isolated or separate from one another. In reality, however, they interact over time and space. Therefore, to address cumulative environmental effects requires analysis “cumulatively”, taking into account of:   

Time and geographic boundaries; Interactions between the project’s environmental effects; Interactions between the project’s environmental effects and those of other Projects and activities

It is critical to consider environmental effects during project construction, commissioning and operation for each project alternative. Focus should not be limited to any one phase of the project and must consider each phase. It is important that the temporal and spatial extent of effects be carefully considered in predicting impacts. A project construction and operation can have local, regional and global effects. For example, a new pipeline project meant to supply gas to a nearby power generating station will have relatively short-term, localized impacts during construction, while the operation of the power station can contribute to global climate change. Quantification/Estimation of Impacts: Having identified the key parameters requiring assessment, a variety of analytical techniques can be used to predict potential environmental impacts. Predict often follows an impact within a single environmental parameters (e.g. toxic effluent) into its subsequent effects on many other parameters (e.g. reduced water quality, adverse impacts on fisheries, economic effects on fishing and resulting socio-cultural changes). A number of

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methods which are commonly used in estimating/quantifying environmental effects include:    

  

Mathematical calculations using approved equations & methods. Pre-project estimations (e.g. Hydrotest water quantity); Hypotheses testing (Trial and Error); Mathematical modeling (e.g. air dispersion, hydrology and hydrodynamics, water quality, groundwater quality, Erosion and sedimentation, biotic habitat, oil spills and risk analysis) Physical modeling (e.g. hydraulic models); Computer simulation (useful in assessing visual impacts of a project); Constraint mapping (useful for predicting impacts related to land or resource use displacement, particularly siting and routing).

Sophistication of the prediction method should be properly matched with the scope of the EIA. For example, a mathematical model of atmospheric dispersion should not be used if only small amounts of relatively harmless pollutants are expected to be emitted in projects like installation of new pipelines. All prediction techniques involve some degree of uncertainty. It is important to recognize this uncertainty, and state probabilities and margins of error involved in predicting the likely impact of a proposed project. At minimum, the report must provide the quantified figures data of waste generation (Hazardous/Non-Hazardous), Wastewater and Air e missions.

MITIGATION Once the impacts have been analyzed and their significance is determined, i.e., whether they are acceptable, require mitigation, or are unacceptable. Subsequently, measures will be devised to mitigate anticipated environmental changes and consequential impacts during project implementation and operation, or further reduce the residual environmental changes inherent in the selected project design. They normally include technical, social, and organizational measures to be implemented as integral elements of the project. Mitigation is the purposeful implementation of decisions or activities that are designed to reduce the undesirable impacts of proposed action on the affected environment. Mitigation is a general concept that could include: 1) avoiding impacts altogether by not taking a particular action, 2) minimizing impacts by limiting the magnitude of the action, 3) restoring or repairing particular features of the affected environment, 4) reducing impacts over time e.g. by performing maintenance

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activities during the life of the action and 5) compensating for impacts by providing additions to or substitutes for the environment affected by the action. Note that these categories of the mitigation approaches are arranged in hierarchical order of their desirability. In other words, it is more desirable to avoid impacts than to have to restore the environment, or provide compensation for impacts. Undesirable environmental impacts that are identified early in the EIA process can be avoided or minimized by meaningful modifications in the design of the proposed action. For each potential adverse impact the plan for its mitigation at each stage of the project should be documented. It is essential that these programs of mitigation be adequately assessed and be fully documented. This is very important in the selection of the preferred alternative. In the case of beneficial impacts it should be demonstrated how these can be maximised. The mitigation measures shall provide, inter alia, information on the following: 





Technical and Operational Measures o

Waste reduction.

o

Pollution control and treatment.

o

Pollution containment.

o

Mine spoil management.

o

Runoff and erosion control.

o

Noise and vibration reduction.

o

Restriction of operations site.

Landscaping and Site Rehabilitation Measures o

Site Restoration

o

Re-vegetation and tree planting

Identification of Applicable and Effective Measures to Prevent and/or Manage Accidents Involving Hazardous Chemicals.



Preservation of Monuments and Sites of Cultural and Historic Significance.

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Information and Training on Occupational Health and Worker Safety.

In a well-planned process, all reasonable means to avoid and minimize impacts are incorporated into the alternatives during the analysis of alternatives and project design. Compensation for the remaining impacts is the final stage of mitigation. A significant reduction in impacts can be achieved by thoughtful use of the alternatives analysis and mitigation options; it is through these means that the EIA pr ocess works to prevent significant environmental impacts from occurring.

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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN This section should document how the environment will be monitored during the implementation of the project during various phases. The monitoring programme should clearly stipulate: 

      

Institutional arrangements for carrying out the work Parameters to be monitored Locations of the monitoring Methods to be employed Standards or guidelines to be used Evaluation of the results Schedule and duration of monitoring Format and frequency of reporting

Environmental monitoring program should include action or emergency plans so that appropriate action can be taken in the event of adverse monitoring results or trends. Also on the other hand, the location for monitoring should be selected based on where the impacts would occur and the areas to be affected.

CONCLUSIONS The EIA report should present the conclusions of the study including: (i) gains which justify project implementation; (ii) explanation of how adverse effects could be minimized or offset, and compensated to make these impacts acceptable; (iii) explanation of use of any irreplaceable resources; and (iv) provisions for follow-up surveillance and monitoring.

Rev. 21 Dec. 2010


Page 20 of 21

Annexure – I Baseline Monitoring advice to generate Site Specific data Description Air Environment Meteorological Wind speed Wind direction Dry bulb temperature Wet bulb temperature Relative Humidity Rainfall Solar Radiation Pollutants Particulate Matter (PM 10) Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) Ozone Non Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHC) Methane (CH4) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Ammonia (NH3) Chlorine Lead   

Sampling Location Duration

Remarks

Minimum 2 sites in the project impact area

Minimum 5 days per each location

Site specific primary data is essential


Minimum 5 days per each location



2 day (48 hours) per each location




Report Minimum, Average & Maximum values

  

     



Report values hourly, 8 hourly and daily as listed in Appendix No. 17-2 : Standard of Air Quality in Industry Areas of KEPA Regulation (Decision No. 210/2001)

   

Noise Environment SPL in dBA

Report hourly average values. Report as per the Noise Standards of KEPA Regulation (Decision No. 210/2001)

Rev. 21 Dec. 2010


Description

Sampling Location Depth

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Remarks

Soil TPH   

TPH-GRO (C6-C10) TPH-DRO (C10-C25) TPH-RRO (C25-C36)

BTEX    

            

               

From available sources.


Benzene

Tolune Ethyl Benzene Xylene PAHs Acenaphthene Anthracene Benz[a]anthracene Benzo[b]fluoranthene e Benzo[k]fluoranthene Benzo[a]pyrene Chrysene Dibenz[ah]anthracene Fluoranthene Fluorene Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene Naphthalene Pyrene

Metals 

Minimum 1 site in the project impact area

Antimony Arsenic

Barium Baryllium Boron Cadmium Total Chromium Chromium (III) Chromium (VI) Cobalt Copper Lead Mercury Nickel Selenium Silver Zinc

Rev. 21 Dec. 2010

Compare the values with Industrial, Residential and Groundwater standards as given in the KOC Standard (KOC.EV.006)

KOC.ev.003 - Guide to EIA Reporting B

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