PANDUAN PERNIAGAAN JAHITAN UNISEKS
HAKCIPTA TERPEL TERPELIHARA IHARA © Semua hak terpelihara. Tiada mana-mana bahagian jua daripada penerbitan ini boleh diterbitkan semula atau disimpan disimpa n dalam bentuk yang boleh diperolehi semula atau disiar dalam sebarang bentuk dengan apa cara, elektronik, mekanikal, fotokopi, rakaman atau sebaliknya tanpa mendapat izin daripada Kementerian Pembangunan Usahawan dan Koperasi.
Penerbitan Oleh
INSTITUT KEUSAHAWANAN NEGARA KEMENTERIAN PEMBANGUNAN USAHAWAN DAN KOPERASI
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
KANDUNGAN
BAHAGIAN A: MENGENALI INDUSTRI DAN DAY DAYAMAJU PROJEK 1.0 SENARI SENARIO O INDUSTRI DAN POTENSI....... POTENSI............. ............ ........4 ..4 1.1 1. 1 Pa Pasa sara ran n Indu Indust stri ri Fab Fabri rik k Dan Dan Paka Pakaia ian. n... .... .... .... .... .... 4 1.2 1. 2 Ke Kerj rjay aya a Da Dala lam m Ind Indus ustr trii Ja Jahi hita tan. n... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 5 2.0 KONSEP PERNIA PERNIAGAAN GAAN INSTI INSTITUT TUT LATIHAN LA TIHAN JAHIT JAHITAN................................................. AN................................................. 6 2.1 2. 1 Ko Konse nsep p Per Perni niag agaa aan. n... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. 6 - Kursu Kursus s Asas Jahitan... Jahitan......... ............ ............ ............ ........... .........6 ....6 - Kur Kursus sus khusus khusus model pakai pakaian. an.... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... 7 - Kursus Kursus-kursu -kursus s pelba pelbagai gai jahit jahitan... an........ .......... .......... ....... 8 - Kombi Kombinasi nasi pelbag pelbagai ai latihan latihan jahitan jahitan..... ........... .........8 ...8 2.2 2. 2 Ra Rang ngka kaia ian n Pro Produ duk. k... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. 9 2.3 2. 3 Fo Form rmat at Pe Pern rnia iaga gaan an In Inst stit itut ut La Lati tiha han. n... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...9 .9 Jahitan Uniseks 2.4 2. 4 Ba Baga gaim iman ana a Mem Memililih ih Ko Kons nsep ep.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. 11 Institut Latihan Jahitan Uniseks 3.0 MENENTUKAN DAY DAYA MAJU PERNIAGAAN..........1 PERNIAGAAN..........12 2 3.1 Pa Pasa sara ran n Yan Yang g Mengu Mengunt ntun ungk gkan an.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....12 ..12 3.2 Ku Kura rang ng Pe Pers rsai aing ngan an (me (meng ngik ikut ut ko kons nsep ep). )... .... .... .... ...1 .12 2 3.3 3. 3 Me Memp mpun unya yaii Ke Kema mahi hira ran n da dan n Ke Keup upay ayaa aan n Di Diri ri.. 12 3.4 3. 4 Tump umpua uan n Pe Pern rnia iaga gaan an.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. 13 3.5 Tah ahap ap Pe Pend ndid idik ikan an Akade Akademi mik. k... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ...1 .13 3 3.6 Ku Kurs rsus us Yan Yang g Diha Dihadi diri ri.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 14 3.7 Be Bent ntuk uk Lati Latiha han n Yan Yang g Diper Diperlu luka kan. n. .14
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
4.0 PEMBIA PEMBIAY YAAN MODAL.......... MODAL............... ........... ............ ............ ............ .......... .... 16 4.1 Sumber kewanga kewangan n utama..... utama........... ........... ........... ............ ........... .....16 16 4.2 Pem Pembia biayaa yaan n darip daripada ada inst institu itusi si kewangan swasta............................................. 16 4.3 Ban Bantua tuan n kewangan kewangan dari dari instit institusi usi awam. awam.... ...... ...... ..... .. 17
BAHAGIAN B: MEMULAKAN PERNIAGAAN DAN STRA STR ATEG TEGII DA DAYA SAING SAING 5.0 PROSES MEMULA MEMULAKAN KAN PERNIAGA PERNIAGAAN.... AN......... .......... ........ ...20 20 5.1 Pro Proses ses Penubu Penubuhan han dan dan Pendaf Pendaftar taran an Perniagaan dan Syarikat.................................. 22 5.2 Lesen dan Permit Permit...... ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ .......... .... 25 6.0 STRA STRATEGI TEGI PEMASAR PEMASARAN.... AN.......... ............ ........... ........... ............ ............27 ......27 6.1 Strate trategi gi Produ Produk k Latih Latihan an Jahit Jahitan... an......... ............ ........... ........ ... 27 6.2 Stra trateg tegii Melet Meletak ak Harga Harga dan dan Keunt Keuntung ungan. an.... ...... ..... .. 29 6.3 Stra trateg tegii Eda Edaran ran Produk Produk Latihan. Latihan.... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... 30 6.4 Strateg trategii Promos Promosi..... i........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ........ .. 30 6.5 Belan Belanjawan jawan promosi........ promosi.............. ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ......31 31 7.0 PENGURU PENGURUSAN SAN PERNIA PERNIAGAAN GAAN INSTI INSTITUT TUT LATIHAN LA TIHAN JAHIT JAHITAN AN UNISEKS................................ 32 7.1 Pent Pentadbir adbiran an Umum.. Umum........ ........... .......... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........32 ..32 7.2 Keper Keperluan luan Peral Peralatan atan Mengu Mengurus... rus........ .......... .......... .......... ....... 32 7.3 Belan Belanja ja Mengu Mengurus... rus......... ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ........... ....... 33 8.0 ASPEK OPERASI PERNIAG PERNIAGAAN AAN INSTITU INSTITUT T LATIHAN LA TIHAN JAHIT JAHITAN AN UNISEKS................................34 8.1 Bilan Bilangan gan Pekerj Pekerja.... a.......... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ........... ........ ... 34
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
8 .3 8 .4 8 .5 8 .6 9 .0
Jenis Kemahiran Yang Diperlukan Keluasan Tapak Premis Mesin Dan Peralatan Masa Operasi
KEPERLUAN DAN STRATEGI KEWANGAN 9.1 Kos Perlaksanaan Projek 9.2 Pendapatan 9.3 Analisis Pulangan Modal
10.0 FAKTO AKTOR R KEJAY KEJAYAAN PERNIAGAA PERNIAGAAN N INSTITUT INSTITUT LATIHAN JAHITAN UNISEKS 10.1 Ciri- ciri Usahawan 10.2 Penerangan Ciri-Ciri Usahawan 10.3 Ciri-ciri Perniagaan 10.4 Penerangan Ciri Perniagaan
35 35 36 37 38 38 40 41
44 44 45 48 49
11.0 FORMAT KERTAS KERJA PERMOHONAN PINJAMAN
51
12.0 CONTOH FORMAT DAN KEPERLUAN MAKLUMAT KAJIAN PASARAN
55
13.0 PERSATUAN DALAM INDUSTRI
60
14.0 KURIKULUM LATIHAN JAHITAN
61
15.0 PERALATAN LATIHAN JAHITAN UNISEKS 15.1 Alatan Mengukur 15.2 Alat-alat Memotong 15.3 Alat-alat Menanda
64 64 65 68
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
BAHAGIAN A: MENGE MENGENALI NALI INDUSTRI IND USTRI DAN DAYAMAJU DAYAMAJU 1.0 Senar Senario io Industri Industri dan Potens Potensii 1.1 Pasa Pasaran ran Industri Industri Fabrik Fabrik Dan Dan Pakaian Pakaian Perniagaan institut latihan jahitan adalah sangat berkaitan dengan industri fabrik dan pakaian serta industri fesyen negara. Oleh itu, sebarang perkembangan yang berlaku pada industri berkenaan akan memberi kesan secara langsung kepada perkembangan perniagaan institut latihan jahitan. Industri fabrik dan pakaian di Malaysia telah mencatatkan pertumbuhan berganda dalam tempoh 1991 - 1998. Industri ini menjadi semakin penting kepada negara dari segi nilai pertukaran asing dan menyediakan peluang pekerja. Industri ini adalah antara industri utama negara yang berinsentifkan tenaga manusia. Eksport fabrik dan pakaian negara dalam tempoh 1991 hingga 1998 adalah RM1.461 billion dan RM4.21 billion pada tahun 1991, meningkat kepada RM4.28 billion dan RM9.01 billion pada tahun 1998. Peningkatan yang memberangsangkan ini menjadi insentif penting kepada peningkatan dalam industri latihan jahitan pakaian negara. Buat masa ini, Malaysia adalah di antara negara utama di dunia sebagai pengeluar kain selain Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapura, Amerika Syarikat dan Jepun. Manakala dalam bidang pengeluaran pakaian, Malaysia adalah pengeluar utama dunia bersama Amerika Syarikat, Kesatuan Eropah, Jerman, Jepun dan Perancis. Setakat ini industri fabrik dan pakaian di Malaysia merangkumi rangkaian aktiviti yang luas dari pempolimeran (polymerisation - production of manmade fiber), tenunan, rekabentuk (texturising) pintalan
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
aksesori, pukat/jala, sarung tangan, beg, topi, Karpet, bekalan mesin dan peralatan jahitan. Perkembangan yang positif pada industri fesyen negara juga ju ga me menj njad adii pe peny nyum umba bang ng pe pent ntin ing g ke kepad pada a po pote tens nsii industri institut latihan j ahitan. Terdapat beberapa beberapa majalah khusus yang melaporkan maklumat terkini dalam bidang fesyen dan jahitan. Di antara majalah tempatan utama adalah RIAS, NONA, KELUARGA, JELITA, FEMALE, MARIE CLAIRE, HERWORLD dll. Kemunculan pereka-pereka tempatan di peringkat antarabangsa seperti Zang Toi, Redzuan Radziwill, Annie Wong, Salikin, Bernard Chandran dan Eric Chong telah menyemarakkan menyemarakk an lagi minat masyarakat untuk mendalami bidang jahitan dan fesyen.
1.2 Ker Kerjay jaya a dalam dalam Indus Industri tri Jahit Jahitan an Bidang jahitan menawarkan berbagai kerjaya kepada sesiapa yang berminat dan menceburi diri dalam sektor ini secara langsung langs ung atau tidak langsung. Antara kerjaya tersebut adalah:
Pengusaha pusat latihan jahitan • Pengusaha kedai jahitan • Pengusaha kedai peralatan dan kelengkapan pengantin • Pengusaha kedai hiasan dan kelengkapan rumah • Pembekal hiasan dan kelengkapan rumah • Pembekal pakaian kepada butik/kedai/gedung contohnya pembekal pakaian sekolah, pakaian tentera, pakaian beruniform dan sebagainya • Tenaga pengajar/jurulatih jahitan • Tukang Jahit Penasihat kepada agensi yang menawarkan kursus
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
2.0 KONSEP PERNIAG PERNIAGAAN AAN INSTITUT LATIHAN LATIHAN JAHITAN JAHITAN 2.1. Kons Konsep ep Perniag Perniagaan aan Konsep perniagaan institut latihan jahitan jahitan yang wujud di Malaysia dinyatakan dalam jadual 2.1. Jadual 12.1: 12.1: Kategori institut institut latihan jahitan jahitan
INDUSTRI INDUS TRI LATIHA LATIHAN N JAHITAN PU 1 Kursus Asas Jahitan PU1 - Asas mengukur - Asas memotong - Asas menjahit
PU 2 Kursus
PU 3 Kursus Khusus
PU 4Kombinasi pelbagai
tentang model pakaian
jahitan
& PU2 & PU 3
PU: Produk Utama Dalam industri ini, perniagaan institut latihan jahitan biasanya berfokus kepada empat kategori produk utama. Kategori produk tersebut adalah: i)
PU
K
j hi
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
(i) Asas men menguk gukur ur - modul modul ini memb memberi eri pen penget getahu ahuan an dan kemahiran tentang kaedah yang betul betul dan dan tepat tepat dalam mengambil ukuran badan mengikut gaya dan potongan pakaian. (ii) Asas memot memotong ong - modul modul ini membe memberi ri penge pengetahu tahuan an dan dan kemahiran tentang kaedah yang betul dan tepat tentang cara-cara memotong pakaian. Pemotongan biasanya dibuat berasaskan kepada jenis kain dan model pakaian. (iiiii)) Asas menjahit (i menjahit - modul ini memberi memberi pengeta pengetahuan huan dan kemahiran tentang kaedah yang betul dan tepat menjahit pakaian. Proses menjahit pakaian melibatkan perkaraperkara berikut: • penghilangan gelembong • kelim • belah • penyudah tepi • lengan • kancing • kolar • kocek tampel • ikatan pinggang
Kursus khusus model pakaian (PU2) Pada umumnya bentuk kursus yang ditawarkan adalah berdasarkan kepada kategori utama kumpulan sosial iaitu
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
ii) Jah Jahit itan an paka kaia ian n lel lelak akii Meliputi jahitan pakaian bercirikan tradisi dan moden, etnik, saiz dan pengguna kain. Contohnya, baju melayu, kemeja, seluar, blazer, kot, jaket dan sebagainy sebagainya. a. (iii)) Jahitan (iii Jahitan pakaian pakaian kanak-kanak kanak-kanak (lelaki/pere (lelaki/perempuan mpuan)) Meliputi jahitan pakaian bercirikan tradisi dan moden, ethnik, saiz dan penggunaan kain.
Kursus-kursus pelbagai jahitan (PU3) Jenis jenis kursus jahitan yang ditawarkan sering dikaitkan dengan keperluan harian atau bermusim di kalangan masyarakat pelbagai kaum di Malaysia. Di antara jenis kursus yang ditawarkan meliputi: (i) Ja Jah hitan langsir (ii)) Jah (ii Jahit itan an kraf kraftan tangan gan per perkah kahwin winan an (iii)) Jahi (iii Jahitan tan keleng kelengkap kapan an bilik bilik tidur tidur (iv)) Jah (iv Jahit itan an kus kusyen yen (v)) Ja (v Jahi hita tan n mani manik k pak pakai aian an (vi) Jahi Jahitan tan tampa tampall cantum cantum (Patch (Patch work) (vii) Jahitan set tidur bayi
Kombinasi pelbagai latihan jahitan (PU4) Kombinasi ini melibatkan penawaran latihan asas jahitan, kursus
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
2.2 Rangkaian Produk Pada umumnya strategi institut latihan jahitan tidak bersandarkan kepada satu-satu produk utama sahaja. Mereka juga menawarkan produk-produk produk-produk latihan latihan yang lain bergantung kepada permintaan pasaran. Dan segi kombinasi produk yang ditawarkan, kajian mendapati kebanyakan institut latihan jahitan menawarkan kombinasi modul latihan seperti berikut: Kursus latihan asas jahitan • Kursus khusus model pakaian • Kursus pelbagai jahitan • 2.3 Format Perniagaan Institut Latihan Jahit Jahitan an Uniseks Secara am, format perniagaan latihan institut latihan jahitan uniseks boleh dibahagikan kepada 2 jenis berasaskan cara pusat pusat ini dikendalikan. dikendalikan. Format tersebut tersebut adalah: adalah: Latihan jahitan berbentuk formal • Latihan jahitan berbentuk tidak formal • 2.3.1 Latihan jahitan berbentuk formal Format perniagaan ini menawarkan pelbagai kursus jahitan sebagai produk utama mereka. Lain-lain produk seperti mengambil tempahan jahitan atau membekal bahan tidak menjadi keutamaan walaupun mempunyai kaitan langsung dengan produk latihan jahitan. Ciri-ciri pusat latihan jahitan uniseks yang dikendalikan secara formal ialah:
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
• Menawarkan kursus jahitan khusus seperti jahitan kot lelaki, kot wanita dan pakaian pengantin wanita • Menetapkan jadual waktu, masa dan hari berkursus • Latihan diadakan secara berkumpulan • Menggunakan kaedah tunjuk dan buat • Latihan adalah berpandukan projek jahitan dan jumlah jam • Tenaga pengajar yang terlatih • Pengusaha kebiasaannya pakar atau sumber rujuk dalam bidang jahitan • Majoriti peserta terdiri mereka yang ingin meningkatkan kemahiran menjahit • Yuran yang sederhana (di antara RM250 hingga RM2,000 bagi satu modul) • Mesin dan peralatan menjahit yang mencukupi Contoh institut latihan jahitan berbentuk formal adalah: • Sekolah Jahitan Mirado • K.L Fashion Academy • International Fashion Training Centre • Bak’s Creation And Services
2.3.2 Latihan jahitan berbentuk tidak formal Format perniagaan ini menj adikan penawaran kursus jahitan jahit an sebagai produk sampinga sampingan n berband berbanding ing produk lain seperti tempahan runcit atau borong dan pembekalan
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
• Produk latihan adalah produk sampingan. Perniagaan utama ialah tempahan jahitan • Latihan jahitan diadakan secara sambil-sambilan oleh pengusaha dengan bantuan pekerjanya • Latihan diadakan di kedai jahit pengusaha • Kursus yang ditawarkan adalah sama dengan bidang perniagaan yang dijalankan, contohnya latihan jahitan pakaian uniseks ditawarkan oleh kedai jahit pakaian. Kedai jahit langsir tidak akan menawarkan kursus jahitan pakaian • Latihan adalah berasaskan projek • Latihan lebih berbentuk perhatian individu • Waktu dan hari latihan adalah fleksibel. Pelajar boleh datang pada bila-bila masa kedai beroperasi • Kaedah latihan adalah secara individu, bergantung kepada tahap dan kebolehan pelajar • Kawalan dibuat berasaskan jumlah jam • Pasaran sasaran adalah penduduk setempat • Majoriti peserta terdiri dari mereka yang belajar menjahit untuk menjahit pakaian sendiri dan keluarga dikenakan an lebih rendah dari pusat latihan • Yuran yang dikenak jahitan jahit an berbent berbentuk uk formal (di anta antara ra RM50 hingga RM250
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
3.0 MENENTUKAN DAY DAYA MAJU PERNIAGAAN 3.1 Pasa Pasaran ran Yang Yang Menguntung Menguntungkan kan Adanya pasaran membolehkan apa juga jenis perniagaan untuk berdaya maju. Bagi kes perniagaan institut latihan jahitan, perkara-perkara yang berkaitan dengan ciri-ciri pasaran seperti segmen pasaran dan kemampuan pelanggan perlu diberi perhatian serius. Segmen Pasaran Segmen pasaran dari segi bangsa bagi institut latihan jahitan tertumpu kepada pengguna berbangsa Melayu dan Cina. Kedua-dua kumpulan etnik ini mewakili 90% sasaran pasaran. Keturunan India dan lain-lain bangsa adalah kecil. Dari segi segmen pasaran mengikut kategori umur pula, kumpulan sasaran utama ialah mereka dalam kategori umur 25 - 35 tahun (melibatkan 45% sasaran pasaran) berbanding kategori umur yang lain (kategori umur 19 - 24 tahun dan 36 - 40 tahun masing-masing melibatkan 19% sasaran pasaran).
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Di samping itu, mereka juga mesti mempunyai kemahiran tangan dalam pelbagai aspek jahitan dan fesyen. Kemahiran tangan dalam pelbagai aspek jahitan melibatkan kemahiran mengukur, memotong dan menjahit pelbagai model pakaian. Manakala kemahiran tangan berkaitan dengan fesyen melibatkan kemahiran merekacipta dan ilustrasi (melukis) fesyen pakaian mengikut perubahan pasaran. Perkara ini penting untuk mencerakinkan pelanggan tentang kredibiliti usahawan sebagai fasilitator dan mengelakkan usahawan daripada terlalu bergantung kepada pekerja (fasilitator sepenuh/ separuh masa) untuk memberi perkhidmatan.
3.4 Tumpua umpuan n Pernia Perniagaan gaan Kajian menunjukkan bahawa majoriti usahawan melibatkan diri dalam perniagaan lain yang mempunyai perkaitan dengan perniagaan institut latihan jahitan. Perniagaan tersebut ialah kedai jahit, dimana usahawan berkenaan menerima tempahan jahitan secara runcit atau borong. Penglibatan dalam kedua-dua perniagaan yang saling berkaitan ini memberi kelebihan persaingan kepada usahawan berkenaan berbanding mereka yang terhad kepada satu jenis perniagaan yang khusus.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
3.6 Kursus Yang Dihadiri Kursus yang pernah dihadiri secara formal boleh membantu mereka untuk memula dan menguruskan perniagaan. Kursus-kursus tersebut meliputi kursus yang berkaitan dengan keusahawanan dan perniagaan. Selain dari itu mengikuti kursus-kursus profesional dalam bidang jahitan dan fesyen dapat membantu usahawan meningkatkan kemahiran, merangka modul latihan baru dan membentuk imej institut latihan jahitan yang disegani. 3.7 Bentuk Latihan Yang Diperlukan Bidang latihan yang dicadangkan berkaitan dengan aspek teknikal dan pengurusan. Dari segi latihan teknikal tertumpu kepada latihan dalam bidang jahitan pakaian, rekabentuk dan rekacorak pakaian dan ilustrasi fesyen. Manakala dalam bidang pengurusan, latihan yang diperlukan meliputi pengurusan strategik, kewangan dan pemasaran. 3.8 Ke Kemah mahira iran n Mengurus Mengurus Usahawan dalam bidang perniagaan institut latihan jahitan ini juga mesti mempunyai kemahiran mengurus entiti
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Jadual 3.1
Perincian Kos Pelaksanaan Projek Rendah Sederhana (RM) (RM) Kos Aset Tetap 8,000 20,000 Modal Kerja (bulanan): Kos Pentadbiran 1,585 3,500 Kos Pemasaran 500 2,000 Kos Operasi 1,025 2,000 Jumlah Modal Kerja 2,810 7,500 Jumlah 11,110 27,50 0
Tinggi (RM) 32,000 8,450 11,500 5,000 24,950 56,950
Sila rujuk kepada perkara 9.0 (keperluan (keperluan kewangan) untuk melihat semua kos yang terlibat secara terperinci. 3.10 MENGENA MENGENALP LPASTI ASTI LOKASI LOKASI YANG YANG STRA STRATEGIK
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
4.0 PEMBIA PEMBIAY YAAN MODAL 4.1 Sumb Sumber er Kewan Kewangan gan Ut Utama ama 4.1. 4. 1.1 1 Mo Moda dall sen sendi diri ri Sumber pembiayaan yang paling ideal ialah modal sendiri. Sumber ini termasuk sumbangan kewangan dari ahli keluarga dan rakan. Jumlah tunai yang ada perlu cukup untuk membiayai kos awal perniagaan (kelengkapan, (kelengkap an, deposit dan produk untuk perkhidmatan) dan mampu menampung kos operasi (sewa premis, bilbil utiliti dan belanja luar jangka) untuk tempoh sekurang-kurangnya tiga (3) bulan. 4.1.2 Kredit daripada pembekal
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
iv.. iv
pinj pi njam aman an unt untuk uk memb membel elii prem premis is per perni niag agaa aan n
Kajian yang dijalankan mendapati bahawa sebahagian besar usahawan tidak bergantung kepada kemudahan kewangan dari bank untuk menjalankan perniagaan. Pertama, kerana modal permulaan adalah kecil. Kedua, urusan dijalankan secara tunai. Dan ketiga kerana kos perkhidmatan yang disediakan hanya melibatkan tenaga kepakaran usahawan dan bahan latihan yang pada umumnya adalah berkos rendah Pengusaha institut latihan jahitan tidak mempunyai sebarang kelebihan untuk mendapatkan kemudahan kewangan clan pembiayaan dari institusi kewangan. Untuk mendapatkan pinjaman dari bank-bank tempatan mereka juga perlu
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
latihan jahitan, agensi ini mempunyai tiga skim pembiayaan pelbagai perniagaan yang boleh dimanfaatkan oleh pengusaha. Pembiayaan yang disediakan adalah dalam bentuk modal pusingan, bayaran francais, jaminan bank dan peralatan.
a) Skim Pem embi biay aya aan Am MARA Skim Pembiayaan Am MARA adalah skim pembiayaan untuk pelbagai projek perindustrian, perdagangan dan perkhidmatan. Skim ini mempunyai had pembiayaan maksimum sebanyak RM 250,000. Usahawan Bumiputera yang ingin menjalankan perniagaan institut latihan jahitan boleh mengambil kesempatan daripada skim ini untuk membiayai perniagaan mereka.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
4.3.2 Tabung Kumpulan Kumpulan Wang Wang Amanah Amanah Pembanguna Pembangunan n Ekonomi Belia Tabung ini bertujuan untuk membantu belia yang berumur antara 18 hingga 40 tahun menjalankan pemiagaan. Had pinjaman maksima adalah RM 50,000. Umumnya, jumlah ini adalah sesuai untuk perniagaan aksesori aksesor i kereta dan boleh juga dimanfaatkan oleh pengusaha yang memerlukan tambahan modal untuk membesarkan perniagaan mereka. 4.3.3 Skim Pembiayaan Pusat Negeri (SPPN) SPPN ini boleh digunakan oleh usahawan yang telah menjalankan perniagaan yang memerlukan kemudahan pembiayaan tambahan bagi pembesaran perniagaan mereka. Skim ini juga boleh digunakan oleh usahawan yang ingin
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
BAHA BA HAGIA GIAN N B: ME MEMU MULAK LAKAN AN PE PERN RNIA IAGA GAAN AN DA DAN N STRA STR ATEG TEGII DA D AYA SAING SAING 5.0 PRO PROSES SES MEMULAKA MEMULAKAN N PERNIAGAA PERNIAGAAN N Persediaan Usahawan Melakukan Kajian Pasaran Tiada Pasaran
Penetapan Premis/Lokasi Penetapan (Sewa/Beli/Dirikan)
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
langkah yang perlu diambil oleh bakal usahawan. Langkah pertama ialah melakukan kajian pasaran di kawasan sasaran yang telah ditentukan Kajian pasaran dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengenalpasti sama ada terdapat permintaan terhadap produk latihan jahitan di kawasan sasaran pasaran. Penerangan lanjut mengenai kajian pasaran dinyatakan dalam Bab 12. Kajian pasaran menerangkan tentang aspek-aspek penting yang perlu diambilkira semasa melakukan kajian
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
kepada pendaftar perniagaan. Jika mereka memilih untuk menubuhkan sebuah syarikat Sendirian Berhad maka permohonan tersebut perlu dikemukakan kepada Pendaftar Syarikat. Maklumat Perkara 5.1 menerangkan tentang pendaftaran pendaft aran perniagaan dan syarikat.
Langkah ke empat ialah memohon lesen perniagaan dengan pihak kerajaan tempatan. Lesen perniagaan diperlukan bagi
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
dan syarikat sendirian berhad (private limited company). Mengikut Akta Pendaftaran Pendaftaran Perniagaan Perniagaan 1956, semua bentuk perniagaan perseorangan dan perkongsian dikehendaki mendaftar dengan Pejabat Pendaftar Perniagaan (Registrar of Business - ROB) sebelum memulakan perniagaan. Kaedah pendaftaran bagi setiap bentuk perniagaan adalah seperti berikut:
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
5.1.2 Perkongsian Lazimnya, kaedah pendaftaran perkongsian adalah serupa dengan pendaftaran perniagaan perseorangan. Bagaimanapun, setiap rakan kongsi dikehendaki mengisi borang butir-butir ahli kongsi (Borang P.N.A. - 1A) secara berasingan.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
5.1.5 Boran 5.1.5 Borang-bor g-borang ang yang yang perlu perlu dikemu dikemukakan kakan Borang-borang berikut perlu dikemukakan semasa menubuhkan syarikat: • •
Borang 6: Surat akuan berkanun mengenai pematuhan segala peraturan Borang 48A: Akuan berkanun sebelum perlantikan menjadi pengasas atau pengarah
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Contohnya, sekiranya sebuah perniagaan itu beroperasi di
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
6.0 STRA STRATEGI TEGI PEMA PEMASARAN SARAN
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Pilihan
Campuran Produk
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
6.2 St Strateg rategii Melet Meletak ak Harga Harga Dan Dan Keuntun Keuntungan gan
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Ben entu tuk k Kur Kursu sus s Peri ring ngk kat Jan ang gka mas masa a Kad ada ar( r(R RM)
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
14.0 14 .0 KU KURI RIKU KULU LUM M LATI LATIHA HAN N JAH JAHIT ITAN AN 14.1 14. 1 Kursu Kursus s Khus Khusus us Mod Model el Pak Pakaia aian n Jahi Jahittan Pak Pakaia aian n Wanita Baju Kurung Baju kurung Johor/Kedah/pesak/moden/Pahang • Kain susun Johor • Kain belah depan • Kain belah selisih belakang • Kain kipas belakang • Baju Kebaya Kebaya Kota Bharu • Kebaya/Kebaya moden • Kemeja/Seluar Kemeja dan seluar • Jubah • Skirt labuh • Blaus dan daun •
Jahitan Pakaian Lelaki Kemeja • Baju Melayu • Seluar • Bush jaket/Blazer • Jahitan Pakaian Kanak-Kanak Gaun, Blaus, Skirt, Pinaform, pakaian seragam/uniform sekolah dan seni jahit smocking. 14.2 14 .2
Kursus Kurs us pe pelb lbag agai ai ja jahi hittan Jahitan Langsir i) Langsir lurus (basic body) ii) Langsir dapur (valance)
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
vii) viii) ix) x)
Single sc scallop Tie sc sca allop Free scallop Tie ba back ck,, Ja Jabet, Tail & Cascade
Scallop - pelbagai henis (Royal/Single/tie/free/sweet/ loose/swag & tail)
Jahitan Kraftangan Perkahwinan i) Bunga telor ii) Pot Pouri Gelas iii) Sabun hiasan iv) Bakul hiasan v) Gu Guba baha han n han hanttar aran an (t (tua uala la/k /kai ain n ela elalt ltel elek ekon ong/ g/se seja jada dah/ h/ risih junjung/gulajunjung/gula-gula) gula) Jahitan Kelengkapan Bilik Tidur i) Comforter iiii)) Cada Ca darr ro rop pol bia iasa sallfi fitt tte ed/ d/bo box x pl plea eatt iii) Sarung bantar iv) Kusyen v) Bunga rosset/reben Jahitan Kusyen i) Kusyen bulat berrosset ii) Kusyen bunga cengkeh iii) Boolster iv) Kusyen emp empa at se segi be berross sse et v) Kusyen be bentuk ce cengkering Jahitan Manik Pakaian i) Jah Ja hit ita an edg dgin ing g te tepi pi (l (le ehe herr ku kuru rung ng/k /keb ebay aya a) ii) Jahitan manik bercorak iii) Jahitan ma manik be berbunga
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Jahitan Tampat Cantum (Patch Work) i) Teknik multi square Hiasan cadar ii) Teknik segi tigas ase elimut, iii) Four patch kusyen iv) Square tr triangle dan hi hiasan v) Rail fence meja makan vi) Log. Cabin vii) Courthouse steps viii) Puff ix) Hourglass x) Sparkler blocks Jahitan Set Tidur Bayi i) iiii))
Sarung ba bantal/tilam/comf mfo orter/katil ba bayi (bedding) Akse Ak seso sori ri bua uaia ian n se sepe pert rtii ke kela lamb mbu, u, ti tila lam, m, ku kusy syen en ke kere retta sorong bayi (Pram cyshion)
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
15.0 15 .0
PER ERAL ALA ATAN LA LATI TIH HAN JAHI JA HIT TAN UNIS UNISEKS EKS
15.1 ALA AL ATAN MENGUKUR M ENGUKUR Pita Ukur (Tape Measure) Pita ukur merupakan alat yang paling mustahak apabila mengambil ukuran ukuran di badan. Panjang pita ukur biasanya 150 cm. Diperbuat daripada plastik lembut atau kaca fibrika (kaca gentian) ataupun kain minyak. Kayu Siku-siku (L-Square) Alat yang y ang mempunyai mem punyai sudut 90° ini diperbuat daripada kayu atau plastik. Tanda angka-angka boleh didapati di kedua-dua belah alat ini. Satu daripada tangannya berukuran 55 cm panjang. Gunanya alat ini ialah bagi mendapatkan sudut yang tepat sewaktu membuat rajah-rajah dan pola. Alat ini boleh membuat pecahan-pecahan ukuran yang tertentu seperti mendapatkan garisan lubang lengan dan leher untuk baju dan garisan cawat untuk seluar. Kayu Pembentuk (Curver) Alat bengkok yang diperbuat daripada kayu atau plastik ini panjangnya panjangn ya 60 cm. Bentuknya yang bengkok ini menolong anda
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Kayu Meter (Meter Rule) Kayu meter digunakan untuk membuat garisan tegak yang panjang. Kayu meter ini mestilah licin serta s erta rata di tepi-tepinya supaya fabrik tidak tersangkut kepadanya.
Kayu Pembaris Kayu pembaris digunakan untuk mengukur bentuk-bentuk yang sederhana (slight curves) dan boleh disesuaikan pada permukaan memotong yang tidak rata. Biasanya kayu pembaris diperbuat daripada plastik jarang bagi memudahkan penguna melihat tanda-tanda pola seperti tanda-tanda lubang butang, kedudukan kocek dan lain-lain. Pilihlah pembaris yang berukuran 20, 30 dan 50 cm untuk kegunaan pengukuran di atas.
Tolok Noch (Gange) Ia diperbuat daripada kadbod tebal dengan noch-noch yang dibuat pada sudut tepat. Noch-noch ini ialah untuk menunjukkan ukuran-ukuran yang diperlukan. Tolok noch ini digunakan untuk mengukur lebarnya kelepet atau basi lipatan serta lisu perhiasan semasa membuatnya. Penggunaan
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
15.2 ALA ALAT T-AL -ALA AT MEMOTONG MEMOTONG Meja Memotong Meja memotong yang sederhana besarnya adalah sangat sesuai. Meja memotong yang diperbuat daripada kayu dan mempunyai permukaan licin adalah paling elok. Jika permukaannya kasar dan berduri, fabrik akan tersangkut. Adakan laci supaya senang anda menyimpan alat-alat jahitan apabila apabil a alat-alat tidak digunakan. Gunting Gunting ada pelbagai jenis dan ukuran. Untuk jahitan, apabila memotong fabrik, gunakan gunting berukuran 20-25cm panjang. Gunting yang elok diperbuat daripada keluli berkilat (stainless stell). Hujungnya mestilah tajam. Sebelah matanya bulat dihujung dan sebelah lagi runcing. Gunting ini khas untuk menggunting fabrik sahaja. Gunting Lubang Buta Butang ng Gunting lubang butang direka untuk menebuk lubang butang dengan tepat mengikut ukuran yang dikehendaki. Panjang lubang dikawal oleh skru yang terdapat pada gunting ini. Biasanya
Mata
Sendi Pemegang
Skru Mata
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Gunting Memotong Kelim dan Benang (Machinist's Shears)
Gunting ini digunakan untuk menggunting kelim, menoreh menor eh basi lipatan dan memotong benang. Panjangnya yang sesuai ialah 15 cm. Apabila membeli gunting, pilihlah yang baik kualitinya serta tidak boleh berkarat. Eloklah diuji dahulu matanya dengan menggunting sepotong fabrik yang dilapis dua. Gunakanlah sepanjang-panjang sepanjang-panjang matanya. Jika ada benangbenang fabrik yang tidak terpotong, ini bermakna bahawa gunting itu tiak bagus. Hujung gunting mestilah m estilah tajam.
Drill Fabrik Alat yang menggunakan kuasa elektrik ini juga digunakan di kilang kilang pakaian. la digunakan untuk menebuk tanda-tanda imbangan pada fabrik yang banyak lapisannya.
Penetas (Ripper)
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
-
Membuka mata-mata j ahitan Menebuk lubang butang setelah dijahit mesin.
Jika tidak digunakan lagi, penetas hendaklah ditutup dengan menggunakan sarungnya. Penyepit Fabrik Alat ini digunakan untuk menyamakan tepi-tepi dan lipatan lipatan fabrik apabila membuat persediaan sebelum memotong terutamanya sekali apabila fabrik itu banyak lapisannya.
15.3 ALA ALAT T-ALA -ALAT T MENANDA MENANDA Kapur Tukang Jahit (Tailor’s Chalk) Kapur digunakan untuk memindahkan tanda-tanda cabangcabang dan lain-lain garisan pola daripada kertas kepada fabrik jahitan. Tandatanda ini boleh dipadam dengan mudah jika tidak diperlukan lagi. Kapur tukang jahit boleh didapati
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Lilin Tukang Jahit (Tailor’s Wax) Lilin untuk tukang jahit berukuran 6 cm dan berbentuk 4 persegi. la boleh menggantikan kapur untuk menanda garisan pola pada fabrik daripada gentian buku biri-biri kerana tanda Min ini tidak mudah hilang sepertimana tanda kapur. Tetapi, ingatlah, jangan terlalu tekankan sangat Min itu kerana tandanya nanti akan susah hilang. Lilin juga boleh digunakan untuk mengukuhkan bengan jika dilurut pada benang yang reput. Benang yang telah dilurut dengan Min itu hendaklah digosok dengan seterika supaya Min melekat dengan kukuhnya pada benang itu. Lilin juga mengelakkan benang jahit daripada kusut. Apabila menjahit lubang butang, Min hendaklah dilurut pada benang dan ini adalah suatu perkara yang perlu diingatkan.
Kertas karbon (Dressmaker’s Carbon Papers) Kertas karbon digunakan untuk menanda pola pakaian pada fabrik. Kertas karbon boleh didapati dalam pelbagai warna seperti putih, kuning, merah, biru dan hijau. Tanda-tanda di fabrik yang menggunakan kertas karbon
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Roda Surih (Tracing Wheels) Roda surih boleh didapati di dalam tiga bentuk. Roda surih yang matanya seperti duri digunakan untuk fabrikfabrik yang tebal, yang bergerigi untuk fabrik-fabrik nipis dan sederhana tebal, Manakala yang licin boleh digunakan untuk semua jenis fabrik. Roda surih digunakan bersama-sama kertas karbon untuk menanda garisan-garisan pola pada selapisan fabrik atau lebih. Roda surih diperbuat daripada keluli. 15.4 JENIS-JENIS JARUM DAN BENANG Jarum Jarum boleh didapati di dalam berbagai-bagai ukuran panjang, kasar dan bentuk matanya. Jarum yang kasar (nombor 4, 5, 6) digunakan untuk menjahit fabrik-fabrik yang tebal dan juga bila menggunakan benang yang kasar. Manakala untuk jahitan am, jarum yang lebih halus digunakan seperti jarum bernombor 7, 8 dan 9.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
boleh tahan. Benang jahit dijual berbuku dan ditanda dengan nombor. Benang yang kasar mempunyai nombor yang kecil. Benang nombor 50 digunakan untuk kebanyakan jahitan. Untuk fabrik-fabrik yang halus, gunakan benang yang halus. Benang jahit didapati dalam berbagai-bagai warna. Pilihlah warna yang paling dekat sekali dengan fabrik yang dijahit, apabila menjahit fabrik yang berwarna.
15.5 15. 5 MESIN MESIN JAH JAHIT IT Mesin jahit merupakan alat yang paling penting bagi institut institu t latihan jahitan. la boleh diperolehi dalam berbagai buatan
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
ii. Motor Elektrik Tempat Buku Benang B enang Roda Imbangan Tuan Pemegang Benang
Tangkai Penekan Jahitan J ahitan
Tayar Loceng sekuci sek uci
Spring Pemegang Benang
Skru Pemberhentian Jahitan
Lubang Benang
Pemusing Gelendong
Pemegang Jarum
Sekuci
Pelaras Jahitan
Penekan Jahitan dan Skru Tapak gigi Penolak Penol ak
iii. Mesin Jahit Automatik
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bil. 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nama Azizah bt Khamis No. 12, 24/B, Jalan Petola Seksyen 24 Shah Alam Bakiah bte Mohd Tahir No. 32, Jalan Bunga Melor 15, Taman Mawar Mawa r Cheras Chera s 46100 Kuala Lumpur Zariah bt Abd Rahim No.. 19, Jal No alan an 10 10C/ C/6 6, Tama man n Set eta apak Ind nda ah 53100 Kuala Lumpur Azizan Yunus Tingkat Satu, Bangunan Pas Jalan Dato Pati, Kota Bharu Siti Azizah S. Musa 70, Jalan AU 5C/6, Lembah Keramat 54200 Kuala Lumpur Nor Ani bt Salim G2-1-4, Desa Pandan 55100 Kuala Lumpur Arbaatul Adawiah bt. Ghazali No. 142, Jalan SS 5A/2, Kelanan Jaya
Telefon 5431594 H/P:017-3833675 42919132
40244363 H/P /P::01 017 7-3 -39 9630 300 08 09-7470057
03-41064340 H/P:01 2-3267518 03-9822628 016-2950075 03-78765152 H/P:0193277065