Jurnal PDF Bab 2

HPC-02 SISTEM HIDROLIK DENGAN KONTROL ELEKTROMEKANIK

BAB II TEORI DASAR II .1 Pengertian Sistem Hidrolik

Siste Sistem m

hidr hidrol oli i !d !d!!l!h

s"!t"

s#s s#stem tem

$emi% emi%d d!h

te%! e%!&!

de%&!%

me%& me%&&" &"%! %!!% !% '!t (!ir (!ir !t!" !t!" )l"i )l"id! d! se*!& se*!&!i !i $er!% $er!%t!r t!r!+ !+ Siste Sistem m h#dr h#dr!"l !"li( i( i%i i%i mem$"%#!i *!%#! e"%&&"l!% di*!%di%& ,i! me%&&"%!!% sistem me!%i!l+ II . 2 Aliran Fluida Dan Laju Aliran

l"id! memilii . ,e%is !lir!%/ #!it" !lir!% )l"id! l!mi%er/ !lir!% )l"id! tr!%sisi d!% !lir!% )l"id! t"r*"le%+ H!l #!%& d!$!t dilih!t "%t" me%&e e%&et! t!h" h"ii

,e%i ,e%iss

!lir !lir!% !% )l"i )l"id! d! !d!l !d!l!h !h *il! *il!%& %&!% !% re# re#%old %old//

#!%& !%&

*er&!%t"%& $!d! m!ss! ,e%is/ e(e$!t!% !lir!% )l"id!/ di!meter $e%!m$!%& !lir!% )l"id! d!% isosit!s !*sol"t+ 1e%is !lir!% )l"id!/ terd!$!t . ,e%is/ #!it"  3+ Alir!% Alir!% L!mi%e L!mi%err !d!l!h !d!l!h dim!%! dim!%! o%disi o%disi $er&er! $er&er!!% !% $!rti $!rtiel el d!ri )l"id! ser!&!m d!% *er!t"r!%/ e(e$!t!% )l"id! l!mi%er (e%der"%& rel!ti) re%d!h+ 4Re 5 2.006+

2+ Alir!% Alir!%

Gambar 2.2.1 Alir!% l"id! L!mi%er htt$::;;;+!s<+)l"id +!s<+)l"id %e;to%i!%Tr!%s Tr!%sisi isi htt$::;;; !d!l!h !d!l!h dim!%! dim! %! o%disi o%disi $!rtie $!rtiell )l"id! %o%%e;to%i!%+$h$:se!r(h:im!&es2=.=>.2e2e.+or&

*er!d! *er!d!

$!d! $er!lih!% d!ri o%disi ser!&!m me%"," o%disi !(!/ $!d! o%disi %#!t!%#! o%disi se$erti i%i s!%&!t s"lit ter,!di 4Re 7 2.006+

LABORA LABORAT TORI8M ORI8M HIDROLI HIDROLIK K 9 PNE8MA PNE8MAT TIK .

Gambar 2.2.2 Alir!% l"id! Tr!%sisi htt$::;;;+!s<+)l"id htt$::;;;+!s<+)l"id %e;to%i!%%o%%e;to%i!%+$h$:se!r(h:im!&es2=.=>.2e2e.+or&


.+ Alir!% Alir!% T"r*" T"r*"le% le% !d!l!h !d!l!h dim!%! dim!%! o%dis o%disii $er&er $er&er!!% !!% $!rti $!rtiel el )l"id! !d!l!h !(! d!% tid! *er!t"r!%/ o%disi se$erti i%i seri%& ter,!di/ e(e$!t!%%#! rel!ti) ti%&&i+ 4 Re ? 2.006

Gambar 2.2.3 Alir!% l"id! T"r*"le% htt$::;;;+!s<+)l"id htt$::;;;+!s<+)l"id %e;to%i!%%o%%e;to%i!%+$h$:se!r(h:im!&es2=.=>.2e2e.+or&

II . 3 Pompa Hidrolik

Pom$! Pom$! hidroli hidroli  *er)"% *er)"%&si &si se$erti se$erti ,!%t"% ,!%t"%& & d!l!m d!l!m t"*"h t"*"h m!%"si m!%"si!! !d!l!h !d!l!h se*!&! se*!&!ii $emom$ $emom$!! d!r!h+ d!r!h+ Pom$! Pom$! hidrol hidroli i mer"$! mer"$!!% !% om$o om$o%e% %e% d!ri d!ri sistem hidroli #!%& mem*"!t oli me%&!lir !t!" $om$! hidroli se*!&!i s"m*er te%!&! #!%& me%&"*!h te%!&! me!%is me%,!di te%!&! hidroli+

Gambar 2.3 Pom$! Hidroli

htt$::!%t!l#!hidroli+(om:tr:HidroliPom$!+!s$<

Kl!si)i!si $om$! hidroli !d!l!h se*!&!i *eri"t  LABORA LABORAT TORI8M ORI8M HIDROLI HIDROLIK K 9 PNE8MA PNE8MAT TIK @


•

Non Positive Displacement Pump  mem$"%#!i $e%#e!t !%t!r! l"*!%& m!s":i%let $ort d!% l"*!%& el"!r:o"t $ort/ sehi%&&! (!ir!% d!$!t me%&!lir di d!l!m $om$! !$!*il! !d! te!%!%+ Co%toh  Pom$!

•

!ir term!s" dise*"t ,"&! ti$e non positive diplasement + Positive Diplacement Pump  Memilii l"*!%& m!s":i%let $ort d!% l"*!%& el"!r:o"tlet $ort #!%& di se!t di d!l!m $om$!+ Sehi%&&! $om$! ,e%is i%i d!$!t *eer,! de%&!% te!%!% #!%& s!%&!t ti%&&i d!% h!r"s

di $rotesi terh!d!$ te!%!%

#!%&

*erle*ih!% de%&!%

me%&&"%!!% $ress"re relie) !le+ Co%toh  Pom$! hidroli !l!t-!l!t •

*er!t+ Fixed Displacement Pump  mem$"%#!i se*"!h r"!%& $om$! de%&!% ol"me tet!$ 4 fixed volume pumping chamber 6 o"t$"t%#! h!%#! *is!

•

di"*!h de%&!% (!r! mer"*!h e(e$!t!% er,! 4drive speed 6+ Variable Displacement Pump  mem$"%#!i r"!%& $om$! de%&!% ol"me *er!ri!si/ o"t$"t%#! d!$!t di"*!h de%&!% (!r! mer"*!h displacement !t!" drive speed / fixed displacement pump m!"$"% variable pump di$!!i $!d! !l!t-!l!t $emi%d!h t!%!h+

II .  !lasi"ikasi #li Hidrolik

Oli hidroli #!%& *er*!sis $!d! mi%#! mi%er!l *i!s!%#! di&"%!!% se(!r! l"!s $!d! mesi%-mesi% $er!!s !t!" ,"&! mesi%-mesi% i%d"stri+ Me%"r"t st!%d!r DIN 32@ d!% 322 d!% ses"!i de%&!% !r!teristi sert! om$osisi%#! oli hidroli di*!&i me%,!di ti&! el!s/ #!it" • • •

H#dr!"li( oil HL H#dr!"li( oil HLP H#dr!"li( oil H Pem*eri!% ode de%&!% h"r") se$erti di !t!s !rti%#! !d!l!h se*!&!i

*eri"t+ Mis!l%#! oli hidroli de%&!% ode HLP =/ !rti%#!

•

H 7 Oli hidroli L 7 ode "%t" *!h!% t!m*!h!% oli 4!dditie6 &"%! me%i%&!t!%

•

$e%(e&!h!% orosi d!% : !t!" $e%i%&!t!% "m"r oli P 7 ode "%t" !dditie #!%& me%i%&!t!% em!m$"!% me%erim!

•

*e*!%+ = 7 ti%&!t!% isosit!s oli 4lih!t t!*el $!d! HO @6

•

LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 


P!d!

oli

hidroli

mem$"%#!i

ee%t!l!%

d!%

l!si)i!si

se*!&!im!%! oli mesi%/ h!%#! tid! di%#!t!!% d!l!m SAE m!"$"% ode API service+ Si)!t oli $!d! sistem hidroli !+ Bersi)!t tid! d!$!t dim!m$!t!% 4"%(rom$ressi*le6+ *+ Bersi)!t m"d!h me%&!lir 4)l"idit#6+ (+ H!r"s st!*il si)!t )isi! d!% imi!%#!+ d+ Mem$"%#!i si)!t mel"m!si+ e+ Me%(e&!h ter,!di%#! !r!t+ )+ Bersi)!t m"d!h me%#es"!i!% de%&!% tem$!t+ &+ D!$!t memis!h!% otor!% otor!%+

II . $ Sistem !ontrol Hidrolik %anual

Sistem $e%&!t"r!% hidroli *is! dil!"!% de%&!% (!r! m!%"!l d!% (!r! otom!tis+ C!r! m!%"!l dil!"!% de%&!% me%&!t"r h!%dle de%&!% t!%&!% *!i "%t" mem$er*es!r !t!" mem$ere(il te!%!% $!d! sile%der !t!" sole%oid !le+ 8%t" sistem er,! mesi%%#! se(!r! esel"r"h!% tid! *er*ed! !%t!r! m!%"!l de%&!% otom!tis/ h!%#! s!,! $!d! (!r! otom!tis dil!"!% de%&!% mem*"!t sistem $e%&!t"r!% )lo; de%&!% mem!%)!!t!% !ti)!si ON d!% O sole%oid !le #!%& die%d!li!% oleh se*"!h PLC+ Sistem $e%&!t"r!% te!%!% otom!tis ,"&! *is! dil!"!% de%&!% (!r! l!i% se$erti $e%&!t"r!% e(e$!t!% $om$! hidroli !t!" e(e$!t!% motor $om$!+ 8%t"

me%&e%d!li!%

te!%!%

se(!r!

otom!tis

*i!s!%#!

di$!s!%&!% se*"!h se%sor te!%!% #!%& di$!s!%&!% $!d! "%it H#dr!"li( Pe%"m!ti( #!%& *erdiri se%diri !t!" ter$!s!%& se*!&!i se%sor i%$"t e PLC+ II . & %a'am(%a'am Sensor 1. Sensor Pro)imit*

Se%sor $ro
t!r&et ,e%is lo&!m de%&!% t!%$! !d!%#! o%t! )isi+ Bi!s!%#! se%sor i%i tediri d!ri !l!t eletro%is solid-st!te #!%& ter*"%&"s r!$!t "%t" meli%d"%&i d!ri LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK =


$e%&!r"h

&et!r!%/

(!ir!%/

imi!;i/

d!%

orosi)

#!%&

*erle*ih!%+

Se%sor $ro
II+=+3 M!(!m-M!(!m Se%sor https://www.google.co.id/search? = ambar+Sensor+Proximit

2. Sensor %agnet

Se%sor M!&%et !t!" dise*"t ,"&! rel!i *"l"h/ !d!l!h !l!t #!%& !!% ter$e%&!r"h med!% m!&%et d!% !!% mem*eri!% $er"*!h!% o%disi $!d! el"!r!%+ Se$erti l!#!%#! s!l!r d"! o%disi 4o%:o))6 #!%& di&er!!% oleh !d!%#! med!% m!&%et di seit!r%#!+ Bi!s!%#! se%sor i%i diem!s d!l!m *e%t" em!s!% #!%& h!m$! d!% *e*!s d!ri de*"/ elem*!$!%/ !s!$ !t!"$"% "!$+

II+=+2 Se%sor M!&%et https://www.google.co.id/search? =Sensor+Ma net

3. Sensor Sinar

LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK >


Se%sor si%!r terdiri d!ri . !te&ori+ otoolt!i( !t!" sel sol!r !d!l!h !l!t se%sor si%!r #!%& me%&"*!h e%er&i si%!r l!%&s"%& me%,!di e%er&i listri/ de%&!% !d!%#! $e%#i%!r!% (!h!#! !!% me%#e*!*!% $er&er!!% eletro% d!% me%&h!sil!% te&!%&!%+ Demii!% $"l! de%&!% otoo%d"ti) 4)otoresisti)6 #!%& !!% mem*eri!% $er"*!h!% t!h!%!% 4resist!%si6 $!d! sel-sel%#!/ sem!i% ti%&&i i%te%sit!s (!h!#! #!%& terim!/ m!! !!% sem!i% e(il $"l! %il!i t!h!%!%%#!+ Sed!%&!% otolistri !d!l!h se%sor #!%& *er$ri%si$ er,! *erd!s!r!% $!%t"l!% !re%! $er"*!h!% $osisi:,!r! s"!t" s"m*er si%!r 4i%)r!mer!h !t!" l!ser6 !t!"$"% t!r&et $em!%t"l%#!/ #!%& terdiri d!ri $!s!%&!% s"m*er (!h!#! d!% $e%erim!+

II+=+. Se%sor Si%!r https://www.google.co.id/search? biw=122!bih="#"!tbm=isch!sa=1!q=Sensor+sinar

Se%sor "ltr!so%i *eer,! *erd!s!r!% $ri%si$ $!%t"l!% &elom*!%& s"!r!/ dim!%! se%sor i%i me%&h!sil!% &elom*!%& s"!r! #!%& em"di!% me%!%&!$%#! em*!li de%&!% $er*ed!!% ;!t" se*!&!i d!s!r $e%&i%der!!%%#!+ Per*ed!!% ;!t" !%t!r! &elom*!%& s"!r! di$!%(!r!% de%&!% dit!%&!$%#! em*!li &elom*!%& s"!r! terse*"t !d!l!h *er*!%di%& l"r"s de%&!% ,!r! !t!" ti%&&i o*,e #!%& mem!%t"l!%%#!+ 1e%is o*,e #!%& d!$!t dii%der! di!%t!r!%#! !d!l!h o*,e $!d!t/ (!ir/ *"tir!% m!"$"% testil+

II+=+@ Se%sor S"!r!

LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 

https://www.google.co.id/search? biw=122!bih="#"!tbm=isch!sa=1!q=Sensor+$lt rasoni%!oq=Sensor+$ltrasoni%


$. Sensor +ekanan

Se%sor te!%!% - se%sor i%i memilii tr!%sd"ser #!%& me%&""r ete&!%&!% !;!t/ dim!%! me%&"*!h te&!%&!% me!%is me%,!di si%#!l listri+ D!s!r $e%&i%der!!%%#! $!d! $er"*!h!% t!h!%!% $e%&!%t!r 4tr!%sd"ser6 #!%& *er"*!h !i*!t $er"*!h!% $!%,!%& d!% l"!s $e%!m$!%&%#!+

II+=+ Se%sor S"!r!

biw=1242&bih=566&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=S ensor+Tekanan

&. Sensor !e'epatan ,-P%

Proses $e%&i%der!!% se%sor e(e$!t!% mer"$!!% $roses e*!li!% d!ri s"!t" motor/ dim!%! s"!t" $oros:o*,e(t #!%& *er$"t!r $!d! s"!t"i &e%er!tor !!% me%&h!sil!% s"!t" te&!%&!% #!%& se*!%di%& de%&!% e(e$!t!% $"t!r!% o*,e(t+ Ke(e$!t!% $"t!r seri%& $"l! di""r de%&!% me%&&"%!!% se%sor #!%& me%&i%der! $"ls! m!&%etis 4i%d"si6 #!%& tim*"l s!!t med!% m!&%etis ter,!di+

LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 

II+=+= Se%sor P"t!r!%

https://www.google.co.i/search! biw=1242&bih=566&tbm=isch&sa=1& =S


/. Sensor Pen*andi ,0n'oder

Se%sor Pe%#!%di 4E%(oder6 di&"%!!% "%t" me%&"*!h &er!!% li%e!r !t!" $"t!r!% me%,!di si%#!l di&it!l/ dim!%! se%sor $"t!r!% memo%itor &er!!% $"t!r d!ri s"!t" !l!t+ Se%sor i%i *i!s!%#! terdiri d!ri 2 l!$is ,e%is $e%#!%di/ #!it"F Pert!m!/ Pe%#!%di rot!ri t!m*!h!% 4#!%& me%tr!%smisi!% ,"ml!h terte%t" d!ri $"ls! "%t" m!si%&-m!si%& $"t!r!%6 #!%& !!% mem*!%&it!% &elom*!%& ot! $!d! o*,e #!%& di$"t!r+ Ked"!/ Pe%#!%di !*sol"t 4#!%& mem$erle%&!$i ode *i%!r# terte%t" "%t" m!si%&-m!si%& $osisi s"d"t6 mem$"%#!i (!r! er,! s!%& s!m! de%&!% $ere("!li!%/ le*ih *!%#! !t!" le*ih r!$!t $"ls! &elom*!%& ot! #!%& dih!sil!% sehi%&&! mem*e%t" s"!t" $e%&ode!% d!l!m s"s"%!% terte%t"+

II+=+> Se%sor Pe%#!di

https://www.google.co.i/search! q=Sensor+"en#ani+$%ncoer

. Sensor Suu

Terd!$!t

@

,e%is

#!it" thermo(o"$le 4T:C6-

"t!m!

se%sor

lih!t

&!m*!r

s"h"

LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 30

#!%&

"m"m di&"%!!%/

3+=/ resist!%(e

tem$er!t"re


dete(tor 4RTD6/ termistor d!% IC se%sor+Thermo(o"$le $!d! i%ti%#! terdiri d!ri se$!s!%& tr!%sd"ser $!%!s d!% di%&i% #!%& dis!m*"%&!% d!% dile*"r *ers!m!/ dim!%! terd!$!t $er*ed!!% #!%& tim*"l !%t!r! s!m*"%&!% terse*"t de%&!% s!m*"%&!% re)ere%si #!%& *er)"%&si se*!&!i $em*!%di%&+Resist!%(e Tem$er!t"re Dete(tor 4RTD6 memilii $ri%si$ d!s!r $!d! t!h!%!% listri d!ri lo&!m #!%& *er!ri!si se*!%di%& de%&!% s"h"+ Kese*!%di%&!% !ri!si i%i !d!l!h $resisi de%&!% ti%&!t o%siste%:est!*il!% #!%& ti%&&i $!d! $e%detesi!% t!h!%!%+ Pl!ti%!

!d!l!h *!h!% #!%& seri%& di&"%!!% !re%! memilii t!h!%!%

s"h"/ eli%e!r !%/ st!*ilit!s d!% re$rod"si*ilit!s+ Termistor !d!l!h resistor #!%& $e! terh!d!$ $!%!s #!%& *i!s!%#! mem$"%#!i oe)isie% s"h" %e&!ti)/ !re%! s!!t s"h" me%i%&!t m!! t!h!%!% me%"r"% !t!" se*!li%#!+ 1e%is i%i s!%&!t $e! de%&!% $er"*!h!% t!h!%  $er C sehi%&&! m!m$" me%detesi $er"*!h!% s"h" #!%& e(il+ Sed!%&!% IC Se%sor !d!l!h se%sor s"h" de%&!% r!%&!i!% ter$!d" #!%& me%&&"%!!% (hi$silio% "%t" elem!h!% $e%&i%der!%#!+ Mem$"%#!i o%)i&"r!si o"t$"t te&!%&!% d!% !r"s #!%& s!%&!t li%e!r+

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G!m*!r II+> DC Eletri

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torsi e(il s!m$!i sed!%&+ At"!tor hidroli  At"!tor te%!&! hidr!"li/ torsi #!%& *es!r o%str"si%#! s"!r+

LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 3.


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Sole%oid+ Motor ste$$er+ Motor DC+ Br"shless DC-motors+ Motor I%d"si+ Motor Si%ro%+

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II.5 Po6er Suppl*

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II.17 Pus 8utton

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II.11 !oil Dan Solenoid !oil

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Solenoid

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LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 3


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II.12 Limit s6it'

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LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 3


II.13 Pressure -elie" 4al9e Pressure relief valve (PRV) adalah sebuah alat instrument yang bekerja saat adanya

over pressure pada

inlet nozzle. Di desain untuk terbuka secara

proporsional saat adanya abnormal (dalam hal ini

over pressure)

pada sebuah

plant dan akan menutup saat plant kembali normal (normal pressure).

G!m!*!r II+3. Press"re Relie) !le http!!en."ikipedia.org!"iki!Relief#valve

II.1 8edan*a Arus Positi" Dan :egati"

Ar"s $ositi) !d!l!h !tod! #!it" eletrod! d!l!m sel el!troimi! #!%& ter$ol!ris!si ,i! !r"s listri me%&!lir el"!r d!ri%#!+ P!d! *!ter!i *i!s! 4B!ter!i K!r*o%-Se%&6/ #!%& me%,!di !tod! !d!l!h se%&/ #!%& ,"&! me%,!di $em*"%&"s *!ter!i+ Sed!%&!%/ $!d! *!ter!i !l!li%/ #!%& me%,!di !tod! !d!l!h m!%&!% diosid! 4M%O26+ Ar"s %e&!ti) !d!l!h !%od! #!it" *is! *er"$! lo&!m m!"$"% $e%&h!%t!r listri l!i%/ $!d! sel eletroimi! #!%& ter$ol!ris!si ,i! !r"s listri me%&!lir e d!l!m%#!+ Ar"s listri me%&!lir *erl!;!%!% de%&!% !r!h $er&er!!% eletro%+ P!d! $roses eletroimi!/ *!i sel &!l!%i4*!ter!i6 m!"$"% sel eletrolisis/ !%ode me%&!l!mi osid!si+ II.1$ Skema Sistem 0lektromekanik



G!m*!r II+3 NC 4Norm!ll# Close6 http://ele%troni%a&dasar.web.id/teori&relay&ele%tro& me%ani%/

D!ri o%str"si rel!i eletro me!%i di!t!s d!$!t di"r!i!% sistem er,! !t!" $roses rel!# *eer,!+ P!d! s!!t eletrom!&%et tid! di*eri!% s"m*er te&!%&!% m!! tid! !d! med!% m!&%et #!%& me%!ri !rm!t"re/ sehi%&&! s!l!r rel!# tet!$ terh"*"%& e termi%!l NC 4Norm!ll# Close6 se$erti terlih!t $!d! &!m*!r o%str"si di!t!s+ Kem"di!% $!d! s!!t eletrom!&%et di*eri!% s"m*er te&!%&!% m!! terd!$!t med!% m!&%et #!%& me%!ri !rm!t"re/ sehi%&&! s!l!r rel!# terh"*"%& e termi%!l NO 4Norm!ll# O$e%6 se$erti terlih!t $!d! &!m*!r di*!;!h+

G!m*!r II+3+3 NO 4Norm!ll# O$e%6 http://ele%troni%a&dasar.web.id/teori&relay&ele%tro& me%ani%/

II.1& Skema Sistem Hidrolik Ada dua macam sistem hidrolik yang dikenal yaitu :

1. Sistem +erbuka.

D!l!m sistem i%i/ *il! !t"$ $e%&o%trol d!l!m e!d!!% %etr!l m!! LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 23


!lir!% mi%#! hidroli #!%& dih!sil!% $om$! l!%&s"%& diem*!li!% e t!%&i hidroli d!% *erh"*"%&!% l!%&s"%& de%&!% "d!r! l"!r se*el"m di$om$! l!&i+ P!d! s!!t it" !$!sit!s !lir!% mi%#! hidroli #!%& dih!sil!% $om$! me%(!$!i m!sim"m sed!%& te!%!%%#! mi%im"m 4!tm6+ Ke"%t"%&!% sistem i%i !%t!r! l!i% tid! mem*"t"h!% sistem $e%&o%trol!% terh!d!$ !$!sit!s !lir!% $om$! d!% ,"&! $om$! #!%& di&"%!!% o%str"si%#! rel!ti) sederh!%!/ sehi%&&! sistem i%i eo%omis d!% m"d!h d!l!m $er!;!t!%%#!+

2. Sistem +ertutup

Bil! !t"$ $e%&o%trol d!l!m e!d!!% %etr!l m!! !lir!% oli #!%& dih!sil!% $om$! hidroli me%"," e sistem me%,!di tert"t"$ d!% tid! *erh"*"%&!% l!%&s"%& de%&!% "d!r! l"!r 4!tmos)er6+ De%&!% demii!% m!! te!%!% !%t!r! $om$! d!% !t"$ $e%&o%trol !!% %!i s!m$!i *!t!s terte%t"+ Te!%!% terse*"t em"di!% di&"%!!% "%t" sistem $e%&o%trol!% sehi%&&! $om$! !!% *erhe%ti me%&!lir!% mi%#! hidroli e d!l!m sistem hidroli+ Ke"%t"%&!% sistem i%i !%t!r! l!i% d!$!t me%&h!sil!% &er!!% #!%& rel!ti) st!*il sehi%&&! tid! !!% ter,!di $e%"r"%!% &er!!% $erle%&!$!% er,! #!%& dise*!*!% *el"m ter(!$!i%#! te!%!% mi%#! hidroli $!d! s!!t $i%d!h &er!!%+ Ad! d"! )!tor $oo #!%& me%e%t"!% er,! d!ri s"!t" sistem hidroli 3+ Alir!% oli 4)lo;6 #!%& di%#!t!!% d!l!m liter:me%it !t!" &!lo% $er me%it 4&$m6 2+ Te!%!% 4$ress"re6 #!%& di%#!t!!% d!l!m &:(m2 !t!" $si 4$o"%d $er s"!re i%(h6 Ked"! )!tor terse*"t mem*eri!% i%di!si se%diriJse%diri/ )lo; !t!" !lir!% mem*eri!% i%di!si e(e$!t!%+ K!l!" !lir!% oli *ert!m*!h te%t" e(e$!t!% sili%der !t!" motor !!% *ert!m*!h $"l!/ *e&it" ,"&! se*!li%#!+ Te!%!% !t!" $ress"re !!% mem*eri!% i%di!si e"!t!% LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 22


!t!" &!#!+ 1!di !l!" te!%!% oli #!%& di $erl"!% tid! (""$ te%t" te%!&! #!%& dih!sil!% !!% *er"r!%& $"l!+

G!m*!r II+3= Hidroli Sistem htt$::;;;+mesi%$resshidroli+(om:sistem-er,!-hidroli:

II.1/ Aplikasi Di Industri

Hidroli! I%d"stri *i!s!%#! di&"%!!% "%t"   Mesi% Pl!sti 4$l!sti( m!(hi%es6  Mesi% Pres 4$ressi%& m!(hi%es6  Mesi% Ber!t 4he!# m!(hi%er#6  Mesi% Pe!!s  Mesi% $e%&",i!% t!ri/ dll+

Per!%&!t hidroli $!d! $!*ri *!,!/ Te%i Si$il d!% $"s!t $em*!%&it listri  8%t" K"%(i Ger*!%& d!% Be%d"%&!% 4Lo( &!tes !%d D!ms6  Per!l!t!% "%t" O$er!si 1em*!t!%  Bid!%& Pert!m*!%&!%  T"r*i%  P"s!t te%!&! N"lir/ dll+

Hidroli $!d! mesi% mo*il  Es!!tor d!% Cr!%e mo*il  Mesi% o%str"si  Mesi% "%t" $ert!%i!% LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 2.


 Mesi% Pe%("(i!% mo*il 4(!r ;!shi%&6  Ko%str"si mo*il 4sho( !*sor*er/ Po;er steeri%&6/ dll+

Hidroli $!d! $e%er!$!% te%i h"s"s  Teleso$  O$er!si A%te%!  Al!t $e%d!r!t!% d!% $e%&o%trol!% em"di $es!;!t  Mesi% h"s"s  Me,!-me,! o$er!si di r"m!h s!it/ dll+

Hidr!"li $!d! *id!%& $er!$!l!%  Pe%&o%trol em"di  Pi%t" !$!l 4r!m door6  1em*!t!% $e%#e*er!%&!% !$!l  Pe%!ri ,!%&!r/ dll+ Ri%&!s!% i%i tid! me%(!"$ sel"r"h *id!%& $e%er!$!% hidroli! !re%! ,e%is ,e%is mesi% #!%& dio$er!si!% se(!r! hidroli s!%&!t *!%#!/ N!m"% demii!% it! d!$!t melih!t *!h;! hidroli! d!$!t diter!$!% $!d! sel"r"h setor-setor i%d"stri+

II.1 4iskositas

isosit!s mer"$!!% ""r!% ee%t!l!% )l"id! #!%& me%#!t!!% *es!r e(il%#! &ese!% di d!l!m )l"id!+ M!i% *es!r isosit!s s"!t" )l"id!/ m!! m!i% s"lit s"!t" )l"id! me%&!lir d!% m!i% s"lit s"!t" *e%d! *er&er! di d!l!m )l"id! terse*"t+ Di d!l!m '!t (!ir/ isosit!s dih!sil!% oleh &!#! ohesi !%t!r! mole"l '!t (!ir+ Sed!%&!% d!l!m &!s/ isosit!s tim*"l se*!&!i !i*!t t"m*"!% !%t!r! mole"l &!s+ II.15 Indeks 4iskositas

l%des isosit!s !d!l!h s"!t" t!%d! $er"*!h!% d!ri $er"*!h!% r!t!r!t! isosit!s )l"id! ses"!i de%&!% $er"*!h!% $!d! s"h" terte%t"+ S"!t" )l"id! #!%& mem$"%#!i isosit!s se(!r! rel!ti) st!*il $!d! LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 2@


$er*ed!!% s"h" #!%& *es!r/ )l"id! terse*"t mem$"%#!i i%des isosit!s #!%& ti%&&i+ Oli hidroli h!r"s mem$"%#!i i%des isosit!s seit!r 300+ D!% h!m$ir sem"! ,e%is oli mem$"%#!i *!h!%-*!h!% t!m*!h #!%& dise*"t $e%!m*!h

i%des isosit!s "%t"

me%i%&!t!%

!%&!

i%des

isosit!s le*ih d!ri 300+ Ahir-!hir i%i/ $em*eri!% *!h!% t!m*!h!% se(!r! imi! mel!l"i $e%#"li%&!% tel!h ter*"ti me%i%&!t!% i%des isosit!s *er,e%is-,e%is oli hi%&&! me%(!$!i di !t!s !%&! 300+ l%des isosit!s s!%&!tl!h di$erl"!% !$!*il! $er!%&!t hidroli *ero$er!si $!d! s"h"-s"h" #!%& s!%&!t estrim+ II;27 Anti Foaming

Ger!!% sistem hidroli #!%& *e%!r !d!l!h *erd!s!r!% )!t! *!h;! )l"id!: oli $!d! d!s!r%#! tid! *is! di $!m$!t!%+ A$!*il! )l"id!:oli *er(!m$"r de%&!% "d!r! !t!" foam 4*"ih6 !!% me%&!i*!t!% oli hidroli *is! terom$resi sehi%&&! ter,!di &!%&&"!% &elem*"%& "d!r! di d!l!m oil 4 *er*"s!6/ h!l demii!% *is! me%&!i*!t!% &!%&"!% o$er!si d!% er"s!!% $!r!h $!d! om$o%e% !re%! e"r!%&!% $el"m!s!%+ B!h!% !dditie !%ti *"ih 4!%ti )o!mi%& !dditie6 di t!m*!h!% ed!l!m )l"id!: oli hidroli "%t" me%(e&!h ter,!di%#! &elem*"%& J &elem*"%& "d!r! d!% "%t" me%&"r!%&i $roses foaming 4 ter,!di%#! oli *er*"s!6+ II.21 Anti #ksidasi

P!d! t!h!$ terte%t" sem"! oli *er(!m$"r de%&!% osi&e% d!ri "d!r!+

Osi&e% #!%& *erle*ih !!% me%&"*!h om$osisi

imi! )l"id! d!% mem*e%t" !s!m d!% tim*"%!% #!%& mer"&i!%+ 8%t" me%&!t!si m!s!l!h i%i/ )l"id!: oli di *eri *!h!% t!m*!h!% 4!dditie6 #!%& di se*"t !dditie !%ti osid!si+ II.22 +ekanan 0kstrim

Te!%!% "d!r! #!%& le*ih *es!r 4ti%&&i6 !t!" te!%!% "d!r! #!%& le*ih re%d!h d!ri te!%!% "d!r! %orm!l 43 !tm6+ Beer,! di d!l!m li%&"%&!% er,! #!%& te!%!% "d!r!%#! le*ih *es!r d!ri te!%!% "d!r! %orm!l tel!h die%!l se,! !d!%#! $eer,!!% #!%& dil!"!% di li%&"%&!%

LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 2


#!%& ed!$ !ir 4(!isso% ;or6/ dim!%! or!%& mel!"!% $eer,!!% di *!;!h te!%!% "d!r! #!%& le*ih *es!r d!ri 3 !tm+ II.23 Head Losses

He!d Losses !d!l!h s"!t" %il!i "%t" me%&et!h"i se*er!$! *es!r%#! red"si te!%!% tot!l 4tot!l he!d6 #!%& di!i*!t!% oleh )l"id! s!!t mele;!ti sistem $e%&!lir!%+ Tot!l he!d/ se$erti it! et!h"i mer"$!!% om*i%!si d!ri ele!tio% he!d 4te!%!% !re%! eti%&&i!% s"!t" )l"id!6/ elo(it# he!d/ 4te!%!% !re%! Ke(e$!t!% !lir s"!t" )l"id!6 d!% $ress"re he!d 4te!%!% %orm!l d!ri )l"id! it" se%diri6 + He!dloss tid! d!$!t dihi%d!r!% $!d! $e%er!$!% sistem $e%&!lir!% )l"id! dil!$!%&!%+ He!d loss d!$!t ter,!di !re%! 3+ Gese!% !%t!r! )l"id! d!% di%di%& $i$! 2+ risi !%t!r! ses!m! $!rtiel $em*e%t" )l"id! terse*"t .+ d!% t"r*"le%si #!%& di!i*!t!% s!!t !lir!% di *elo!% !r!h%#! !t!" h!l l!i% se$erti mis!l%#! $er"*!h!% !i*!t om$o%e% $er$i$!!% 4!le/ )lo; red"(er/ !t!" r!%6+ Kehil!%&!% !re%! )risi:&ese!% !d!l!h *!&i!% d!ri tot!l he!dloss #!%& ter,!di s!!t !lir!% )l"id! mele;!ti s"!t" $i$! l"r"s+ He!dloss $!d! s"!t" )l"id! $!d! "m"m%#! *er*!%di%& l"r"s de%&!% $!%,!%& $i$! / %il!i "!dr!t d!ri e(e$!t!% )l"id! d!% %il!i )risi )l"id! #!%& dise*"t )!tor )risi+ d!% ,"&! %il!i he!dloss *er*!%d%& ter*!li de%&!% di!meter $i$!+ II.2 Fluida Fluida !d!l!h s"!t" '!t #!%& *is! me%&!l!mi $er"*!h!%-

$er"*!h!% *e%t"%#! se(!r! (o%ti%"e:ter"s-me%er"s *il! tere%! te!%!%:&!#! &eser ;!l!"$"% rel!ti) e(il !t!t" *is! ,"&! di!t!!% s"!t" '!t #!%& me%&!lir/ !t! )l"id! me%(!"$ '!t (!ir/ &!s/ !ir/ d!% "d!r! !re%! '!t-'!t i%i d!$!t me%&!lir+ Se*!li%#! *!t" d!% *e%d!2 er!s 4sel"r"h '!t-'!t $!d!t tid! d!$!t di!te&ori!% se*!&!i )l"id! !re%! '!t-'!t terse*"t tid! *is! me%&!lir LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 2=


se(!r! (o%ti%"e6+

Fluida !d!l!h &"&"s!% #!%& ters"s"% !t!s mole"l2 de%&!% ,!r! $is!h

#!%& (""$ *es!r untuk gasd!% ,!r! $is!h #!%& (""$ e(il "%t"
'!t terse*"t s!li%& *er&er! *e*!s terh!d!$ s!t" de%&!% #!%& l!i%%#!+

Fluida mer"$!!% s!l!h '!t-'!t #!%& *is! me%&!lir #!%& mem$"%#!i

$!rtiel e(il s!m$i !s!t m!t! d!% mere! de%&!% m"d!h "%t" *er&er! sert! *er"*!h-"*!h *e%t" t!%$! $emis!h!% m!ss!+ Ket!h!%!% )l"id! terh!d!$ $er"*!h!% *e%t" s!%&!t e(il sehi%&&! )l"id! d!$!t de%&!% m"d!h me%&i"ti *e%t" r"!%&+ Fluida !d!l!h *e%d! #!%& d!$!t me%&!l!mi $er"*!h!% *e%t" se(!r! ter"s

me%er"s !re%! &!#! &ese #!%& *eer,! terh!d!$%#!+ l"id! di *!&i me%,!di2 *!&i!% di !%t!r!%#! !d!l!h

3+

Fluidan ststis ,"luida *ang diam

2+

Fluida dinamis ,"luida *ang bergerak

II.2$ Fluida kompresible dan Inkompresible Aliran inkompresibel

Alir!% i%om$resi*el !d!l!h Alir!% )l"id! #!%& tid! *is! dim!m$!t!%+ l"id! #!%& tid! d!$!t dim!m$!t!% dise*"t )l"id! i %om$resi*le (o%toh%#! !ir+ P!d! !ir $er"*!h!% tot!l de%sit!s d!l!m &er!!% )l"id! e(il se!li sehi%&&! d!$!t di!*!i!%+

=

LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK PNE8MATIK 2> G!m*!r II+2 9 l"id! I%om$resi*le htt$s::;;;+&oo&le+(o+id:se!r(h *i;73.==9*ih7==>9t*m7is(h9s!7397!ir9o7!ir9&s


Fluida kompresibel

Alir!% om$resi*el !d!l!h !lir!% )l"id! #!%& d!$!t dim!m$!t!%+

LABORATORI8M HIDROLIK 9 PNE8MATIK 2

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