Jornaleros 04 - Literaturas de las Regiones Argentinas. De fundaciones y refundaciones

MA\GHEF\AT Fstuoàs E`tfrhràs y E`gjõëst`das

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E`tfrhturhs of ehs \fjàgfs Hrjfgt`ghs Of cugohdàgfs y rfcugohdàgfs

FO@_A\@HE Vg`vfrsòho Ghdàghe of Mumuy Mumuy - Hrjfgt`gh <>8<

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Cugohdàgfs y \fcugohdàgfs


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E`tfrhturhs of ehs \fjàgfs Hrjfgt`ghs

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Juèefrk`gh Dhshsda Èevhra C. ]hklrhga (Dakpèhoarfs)

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E`tfrhturhs of ehs \fjàgfs Hrjfgt`ghs Of cugohdàgfs y rfcugohdàgfs fg ehs e`tfrhturhs of ehs rfjàgfs hrjfgt`ghs/ Daefdd`ôg MA\GHEF\AT 8h fo. - Thg Thevhoar of Mumuy= Vg`vfrsòho Ghdàghe of Mumuy. Vg`vfrs`thr`h of Mumuy, <>8<.

8. Fstuoàs of E`tfrhturh Eht`gahkfr`dhgh. 62 p.9 <8x86 dk.

@TLG 0:2-06>-:<8-?83-0

© <>8< Marghohs ofe Gartf Hrjfgt`ga of Fstuoàs E`tfrhràs y E`gjõëst`das

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© <>8< Fo`tar`he Vg`vfrsòho Ghdàghe of Mumuy Hv. Lae`v`h 8326 — Thg Thevhoar of Mumuy Mumuy — Hrjfgt`gh >422-?<<8688 — foùgmuNjkhè.dak


































HDF\DH OF CVGOHD@AGFT P \FCVGOHD@AGFT OF EAT O@TDV\TAT E@_F\H\@AT FG FE GA\_F H\JFG_@GA Cearfgd`h Hgjuea Sèeèg Ehs pule`dhdàgfs quf hquë sf acrfdfg dakfgzhrag h carmhrsf fg fe khrda of ug fgdufgtra d`fgtëc`da salrf ehs praouddàgfs fstàt`da-e`tfrhr`hs of ehs rfjàgfs hrjfgt`ghs. Heeë sf pehgtfô fe `gtfràs y eh gfdfsòho dagsthgtf of hlr`r fsphdàs of oflhtf. Fstas tfrr`taràs pas`lè`thg eh praoudd`ôg of dagad`k`fgta y o`sdus`ôg hdfrdh of eas cfgôkfgas hrtëst`das quf sf praoudfg fg fe phës, kès heeè of ea quf fe kfrdhoa fo`tar`he y fe dhgag dfgtrhe gas prfsfgthg. Eh dagvadhtar`h tuva sus crutas y cuf gfdfshrà ofsoalehr fe phgfe of fxpas`dàgfs. D`frthkfgtf, eh hdt`vòho pfrk`t`ô `gtfjrhr shlfrfs of o`st`gtas èkl`tas, fspfdëc`dhkfgtf eas fstuoàs quf fstèg rfhe`zhgoa `gvfst`jhoarfs of ehs ug`vfrsòhofs of Mumuy, Theth y fe @gst`tuta Vg`vfrs`thrà Ghdàghe of Hrtfs of Lufgas H`rfs9 daka thkl`àg ofsof eas @gst`tutas of Carkhd`ôg Oadfgtf of eh prav`gd`h of Mumuy (@CO G½ < —Thg ^fora of Mumuy-9 @CO G½ 0 —_èdhrh-)9 hofkès of eh rfefvhgtf phrt`d`phd`ôg ofe @gst`tuta of Dueturh @goëjfgh dag sfof fg Bu-

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ofe cfgôkfga of eh e`tfrhturh hgôg`kh fg su ^hgarhkh of eh e`tfrhturh mumføh (80:6). Ourhgtf fe trhgsdursa ofe fgdufgtra, sf prayfdthrag pugtas of v`sth vhr`hoas salrf eas kýet`pefs hspfdtas quf bhdfg h eh o`sdurs`vòho of sumftas bftfrajàgfas. Fgtrf feeas, ug fstuoà rfhe`zhoa par Bfrk`g`h _frrôg of Lfeeaka salrf eh o`vfrsòho y dakpefmòho of ehs carkhs ofe hrtf. Ea kfgdàghkas hquë pfra ga fstè pule`dhoa. Eh `gvfst`jhd`ôg fgtrfdruzh fe efgjuhmf ofe d`gf pfruhga y ehs b`star`hs arhefs salrf ―Eh db`dh of lehgda‛. Tu dakug`dhd`ôg sf dfgtrô fg eh o`sdus`ôg hdfrdh of ehs rupturhs tàdg`dhs y eh khtr`dfs baeeywaaofgsfs daka hpufsth h gufvhs carkhs of `gtfrprfthd`ôg y praoudd`ôg ofe dagad`k`fgta ofsof ugh v`s`ôg of kugoa s`tuhoh fg Eht`gahkàr`dh. Eht`gahkàr`dh. 3

Atras, hofkès, fxpearhrag fe vhear of eh arheòho ofgtra ofe s`stfkh of dueturh ofe Garafstf Hrjfgt`ga. Fs of ofsthdhr, eh phrt`d`phd`ôg of eh rfdagadòh `gvfst`jhoarh Khrëh Hzudfgh Daehthrd` dag fe trhlhma t`tuehoa ―Eas kèhjras y/a partfgtas h phrt`r of eas rfehtas arhefs fg fe Gah‛. Heeë dfgtrh eh htfgd`ôg fg fe fstuoà ofe cfgôkfga of vfras`kè`tuo quf eas palehoarfs ofe garafstf hrjfgt`ga atarjhg h eas rfehtas of trhgsk`s`ôg arhe quf rfc`frfg h kèhjras y/a partfgtas homuo`dhoas h `kèjfgfs pfrd`lòhs y dagsòfrhohs dagsòfrhohs guk`gashs.
































Fe trhlhma prfsfgthoa par T`xta Sèzqufz ]uefth dagst`tuyf ugh l`shjrh fgtrf ehs prèdt`dhs arhefs y ehs fsdr`turhr`hs. @kparth parquf sf ul`dh ofsof cufrh ofe dhgag hdhoàk`da y e`tfrhrà y ofsof fstf eujhr fx — dàgtr`da y drët`da lusdh fe rfdagad`k`fgta of eas fsdr`tarfs hlarëjfgfs hrjfgt`gas. H the c`g, su trhlhma hparth fefkfgtas of hgèe`s`s quf vhg pfrcèhgoa ea quf fe dagd`lf daka ―e`tfrhturh `goëjfgh a drfhoh par eas k`skas ar`j`ghràs.‛ Fe sfjugoa fmf hlaroô eh pralefkèt`dh of ehs praouddàgfs fsdr`ths fg eh rfj`ôg Garafstf, pugtuhekfgtf fg ehs prav`gd`hs of Mumuy y Theth. Fg fstf dhkpa, eh fxpas`d`ôg rfhe`zhoh par Chlr`dà Frgfsta Larmh pfrk`t`ô fxhk`ghr eh dagst`tud`ôg of eh rfv`sth _hrmh (8066 — 803>) daka ―ôrjhga `gtfefdtuhe‛ praoudòa phrh jfgfrhr ap`gàgfs òfaeôj`dhs y fstàt`dhs. _he vfz, daka dakpefkfgta, pufoh effrsf ugh pagfgd`h quf rfdarrf eas hpartfs drët`das of Marjf Dhevftt` pule`dhoas fg o`vfrsas o`hràs y fgshyas. Fg fstf trhlhma, Khrëh Masà Lhut`sth, hpufsth h eh efdturh sadàdrët`dh phrh rfdupfrhr pehgtfas àt`das y fstàt`das of Dhevftt`. Fe fsdr`tar cuf phrtf of eh carkhd`ôg `gtfefdtuhe of eh rfv`sth kfgdàghoh fg fe pèrrhca prfdfofgtf. Fg thgta, O`hgh Khrëh Juzkèg Jagzèefz prapagf rfhe`zhr ugh efdturh of eas kfdhg`skas of jfgfrhd`ôg

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dfsa kè`thr) quf sf dufeh fg eas `gtfrst`dàs of eh fsdr`turh c`ddàghe. Hsë sf pufofg effr eas rfehtas of Bàdtar _`zôg quf hphrfdfg lhma fe tëtuea Hgathdàgfs salrf eh jufrrh sud`h‛. C`ghekfgtf, Hefmhgorh Ghee`k y \fygheoa Dhstra prfsfgthg ugh `gvfst`jhd`ôg salrf eas vhràs èkl`tas of d`rduehd`ôg of ehs alrhs of eas fsdr`tarfs of jfgfrhdàgfs rfd`fgtfs= rfv`sths e`tfrhr`hs, hgtaeajëhs, pèj`ghs wfl, leajs, fgtrf atras. ^hrtfg of fstf o`sføa phrh `gohjhr ehs thxagakëhs a fstrhtfj`hs of eh e`tfrhturh jfsthohs h phrt`r of eas ‐0> a hv`zarhr kaofeas fstàt`das prapàs.

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Eh kuet`pe`dòho of tfkhs y pfrspfdt`vhs pfrk`tfg fgr`qufdfr fe phgarhkh of eas fstuoàs of ehs e`tfrhturhs of ehs rfjàgfs hrjfgt`ghs y he`fgth eh dagcarkhd`ôg of gufvas fsphdàs of trhlhma salrf fe tfkh. Eh prapufsth ofe s`kpasà cuf dukpeòh dag sht`schdtaràs rfsuethoas pufs, daka fxprfshlh su sëgtfs`s= ―_hgta fg fe phshoa daka fg fe prfsfgtf, he `gtfràr of y fgtrf dhoh uga of fstas fsphdàs a rfjàgfs, sf cufrag ofc`g`fgoa y sf ofc`gfg kaoas of fxprfs`ôg fstàt`dh kfo`hgtf pradfsas khrdhoas par dagt`guòhofs y/a rupturhs. Of fstf kaoa, s` l`fg par ug ehoa, fshs fxprfsàgfs sag fe rfsuethoa of o`dbh hrt`duehd`ôg, par fe atra y cugohkfgthekfgtf, cugohkfgthekfgtf, sag ehs quf gas pfrk`tfg v`s`lè`-
































EAT K@EHJ\AT P/A Â\_FG_AT H ^H\_@\ OF EAT \FEH_AT A\HEFT FG FE GAH Khrëh Hzudfgh Daehthrd` Vg`vfrsòho of Lufgas H`rfs

@gtraoudd`ôg Fstf trhlhma t`fgf par almfta hparthr hejughs rfcefxàgfs rfcfròhs h eas rfehtas arhefs fg prash quf fgugd`hg eas palehoarfs of vheefs, quflrhohs y pughs sheta-mumføhs, rfeht`vhs h ehs dhphdòhofs partfgtashs hs`jghohs h hejughs of ehs `kèjfgfs ofe shgtarhe jrfjar`hga of ehs quf sag ofvatas y, fg fstf sfgtòa, fs quf sf pufof ofd`r quf eas kèhjras quf eas eujhrføas htr`luyfg h ehs `kèjfgfs t`fgfg sapartf fg eas kfgdàghoas kfgdàghoas rfehtas. âr ea fxpufsta fs quf fg fsth prapufsth sf dagsòfrhg rfefvhgtfs thgta eas rfehtas arhefs ofe t`pa kfgdàghoa, daka eas bfdbas quf fg feeas sf rfc`frfg, tfg`fgoa fg dufgth quf sf trhth of khg`cfsthdàgfs dueturhefs quf fstèg v`jfgtfs fgtrf sus parthoarfs. Fstas rfehtas arhefs, fgugd`hoas fg carkh fspagtègfh par eas drfyfgtfs, quf sf s`gjuehr`zhg parquf su dagtfgòa fxpe`dh y oh dufgth of vhr`hoas hspfdtas

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hejugas dhsas fsas rfehtas arhefs cufrag pehskhoas par fsdr`ta y, h phrt`r of fsf gufva sapartf, vaev`frag he dhkpa of eh arheòho fg ug pradfsa of rftrahe`kfgthd`ôg rftrahe`kfgthd`ôg fgtrf arheòho/fsdr`turh/arheòho. arheòho/fsdr`turh/arheòho.

Fe dagtfxta, ehs `kèjfgfs y eas rfehtas T` l`fg fstas trfs hspfdtas= dagtfxta, `khjfg y rfehta, sag `kparthgtfs phrh fe ofshrraeea ofe tfkh quf sf `gtfgth pehgtfhr, g`gjuga of feeas prfvhefdf salrf fe atra s`ga quf su dagmugd`ôg fs eh quf `kparth fg eh prhx`s y eh quf sustfgth su v`jfgd`h, hsë quf fg fstf dhsa sf prfsfgthg sfphrhoas sôea dag c`gfs fxpas`t`vas.

8. Fe dagtfxta

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Daka dufst`ôg prfv`h h eh dagsòfrhd`ôg of eas rfehtas y of su dagtfgòa, fs gfdfshrà tfgfr fg dufgth fe dagtfxta fg fe quf sf praoudfg y rfpraoudfg. Fe dagtfxta he quf sf bhdf rfcfrfgd`h `kpe`dh dagsòfrhr
































l) eh `gsthehd`ôg y rfpraoudd`ôg ofe dueta khr`hga y ofe dueta h eas shgtas, par phrtf of eh @jefs`h, daka `kparthgtfs fmfs of fvhgjfe`zhd`ôg9 d) eh `kparthgd`h ohoh h ehs `kèjfgfs, phrt`duehrkfgtf h phrt`r of eh Foho Kfo`h, fg cugd`ôg of sastfgfr fe dueta pehgtfhoa fg l)9 o) fe sastfg`k`fgta sastfg`k`fgta y eh rfpraoudd`ôg of ghrrhdàgfs quf rfc`frfg bfdbas partfgtasas a kèhjras, yh prfc`jurhoas fg eas tfxtas lële`das quf, daka fs shlòa, t`fgfg su ar`jfg fg rfehtas of hgt`juh trho`d`ôg arhe9 f) quf bhd`h c`ghefs ofe s`jea RS eh trho`d`ôg dhtôe`dh fsphøaeh dagthlh dag ug darpus of ghrrhdàgfs partfgtashs duya gýdefa sf v`gduehlh par ug ehoa dag eh tfkèt`dh of eh \fdagqu`sth y par fe atra (rfehdàghoa dag fsth y atrhs dufstàgfs) dag ehs hphr`dàgfs kèhjrashs of eh S`rjfg, of eh Druz y of eas shgtas/hs fg oftfrk`ghohs y prfd`shs d`rdugsthgd`hs s`fkprf hyuohgoa h eas dr`st`hgas.

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fstf trhlhma fg duya sfga sf praoudfg y rfpraoudfg fstas rfehtas rfcfròas h `kèjfgfs fspfdëc`dhs quf sag dagsòfrhohs kèhjrashs, ul`dhohs hejughs fg `jefs`hs y atrhs fg èkl`tas phrt`duehrfs.

<. Ehs `kèjfgfs Eh @jefs`h bh sòa eh quf cakfgtô eh prae`cfrhd`ôg of rfprfsfgthdàgfs (orhkèt`dhs, ohgdëst`dhs, kus`dhefs f `dôg`dhs fgtrf atrhs) fg cugd`ôg of eh ehlar k`sàghe y ofe dueta h ehs o`vfrshs ofvadàgfs ofe dhtae`d`ska y, fg fe ofshrraeea of fsth fstrhtfj`h, ofl`ô eefvhr hofehgtf ugh sufrtf of fquè`lrà phrh quf, ofsof eh pfrspfdt`vh `gst`tudàghe, eh ofvad`ôg hgdehoh fg ehs `kèjfgfs ga ofr`vhrh fg ea quf paorëh dagsòfrhr òaehtrëh.

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Fg fe dagtfxta pehgtfhoa ehs `kèjfgfs astfgthg ugh d`frth dhrjh s`klôe`dh quf jfgfrh, a ehs bhdf almfta of vhr`hoas dakparthk`fgtas thefs daka fsthr ul`dhohs fg ug eujhr prfcfrfgd`he, sfr trhthohs dag duòhoa y rfspfta, sfr ―heuklrhohs‛ 4 y arhr fg su prfsfgd`h
































pagt`c`d`h h hejughs `kèjfgfs ―pralhohkfgtf kèhjrashs‛ the fe dhsa of eh S`rjfg ofe \ashrà of \ëa Lehgda y ^hyphyh, phtragh of eh prav`gd`h of Mumuy quf rfd`l`ô eh kfgdàghoh daraghd`ôg pagt`c`d`h fg fe høa 80<>, par d`thr ug sôea fmfkpea. fmfkpea. ^fra ofmhgoa of ehoa fe dhsa of ehs `kèjfgfs quf sf fgdufgtrhg fgtrag`zhohs fg ehs `jefs`hs, of ehs duhefs hejughs sag kèhjrashs sfjýg sus ofvatas, rfsueth `gtfrfshgtf prfsthr htfgd`ôg h dhgtòho of `kèjfgfs quf sf fgdufgtrhg fgtrag`zhohs fg arhtaràs phrt`duehrfs, fs ofd`r quf sag prap`foho pr`vhoh of hejughs chkè`hs, quf dufgthg dag ofvatas quf fxdfofg he èkl`ta oakàst`da y rfspfdta of ehs quf sf o`df ga sôea quf sag kèhjrashs, s`ga quf su ar`jfg fs partfgtasa. Fgtagdfs dag rfspfdta h ehs `kèjfgfs, y fg ea dagdfrg`fgtf h eh dufst`ôg trhthoh fg fstf dhsa, `gtfrfshg hqufeehs quf ofsof eh pfrspfdt`vh of eas ofvatas sag dagsòfrhohs shjrhohs, kfmar o`dba, kèhjrashs, s`tuhd`ôg quf ga sôea surjf of eas rfehtas s`ga, fsfgd`hekfg-

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thg fe dagsfdufgtf y kfrfdòa dhst`ja, yh quf dagsòfrhg quf fe sføar Musta Mufz hdtuhrè dag su must`d`h. H fsths `kèjfgfs sf efs htr`luyfg duheòhofs thefs daka hukfgthr of thkhøa, dhkl`hr fe daear of su rastra y bhsth fxprfshr su vaeugtho par `gtfrkfoà of o`vfrsas s`jgas. _hkl`àg hejugas htr`lutas fxdfofg h ugh `khjfg fg phrt`duehr y sf hsad`hg he pfrsaghmf rfprfsfgthoa fg fe ëdaga of quf sf trhtf, fs fe dhsa ofe dakparthk`fgta dakparthk`fgta must`d`fra of, par fmfkpea, Thg Thgt`hja y ofe Musta Mufz.

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Fg fe dhsa of ehs `kèjfgfs of prap`foho pr`vhoh dagsòfrhohs partfgtashs - y daka yh sf pehgtfhrh dag hgtfràròho - sf dagst`tuyfg fg fe dfgtra of arhtaràs phrt`duehrfs quf gudefhg h ug dagmugta of pfrsaghs dag ehzas `gtrhjruphefs of o`vfrsa arofg fg eas quf sf sustfgth eh praoudd`ôg y rfpraoudd`ôg of eh ofvad`ôg y ofe jrupa. ? Ehs `kèjfgfs dagsòfrhohs partfgtashs thkl`àg


































fgugd`hohs fg carkh fspagtègfh, dagsòfrhohs vfrhdfs fg tu tatheòho, h ehs quf ehs jfgtf ga ofgak`gh of g`gjýg kaoa. Ofe darpus of ghrrhdàgfs dag fe quf sf dufgth, y quf sf darrfspagofg dag eh dhtfjarëh pehgtfhoh, fs pas`lef hparthr ug pr`kfr hjruphk`fgta quf surjf ofe t`pa of hdagtfd`k`fgtas hdagtfd`k`fgtas quf rfc`frfg thefs daka= h) rfehtas quf fxpe`dhg fe ar`jfg of eh `khjfg, yh sfh par eh hphr`d`ôg a fe bheehzja kèhjrasa, a thkl`àg par fe kakfgta h phrt`r ofe duhe eh jfgtf o`df quf ugh `khjfg b`za fe pr`kfr kèhjra, fs ofd`r quf sf targô kèhjrash yh quf fs f s h phrt`r of fsh d`rdugsthgd`h quf ugh `khjfg


































Fe darpus of ghrrhdàgfs sfefddàghoa phrh fsth adhs`ôg fs o`sdrfta y darrfspagof h khtfr`he of dhkpa of pr`kfrh khga daefdthoa par eh hutarh, eh khyar phrtf fg eh pugh mumføh (hugquf ga fg carkh fxdeuyfgtf) y fg d`frtas dhsas hghe`zhoa y dagtrhsthoa dag hejughs cufgtfs fsdr`ths9 ga alsthgtf y dakphrhoa fe khtfr`he ofe darpus dag ghrrhdàgfs s`kèhrfs rfcfròas h atras eujhrfs, fs pas`lef dagsòfrhr quf ehs dhtfjarëhs prapufsths sf pufofg jfgfrhe`zhr. H dagt`guhd`ôg sf prfsfgth ug duhora dag ehs dhtfjarëhs of dagthr kèhjrasa yh dakfgthohs y fehlarhoa h phrt`r of eas khtfr`hefs of dhkpa=


































fsdr`turh. Tf hparth ugh rfehd`ôg s`gtàt`dh pufs yh cuf hghe`zhoa fg carkh parkfgar`zhoh dag hgtfràròho. 6 Dag rfspfdta he ar`jfg of fsth ofvad`ôg daeag`he eas rfehtas arhefs rfc`frfg eh hphr`d`ôg kèhjrash of eh S`rjfg fg kakfgtas fg quf eas hlarëjfgfs dbhquføas (ehs ofgak`ghdàgfs vhrëhg sfjýg ehs vfrsàgfs fgtrf s` frhg eas phyphyhs - fg fstf hspfdta ugas o`dfg quf phrh fsh àpadh ga fsthlhg dr`st`hg`zhoas y atras hrjukfgthg fg dagtrhrà -, fg atrhs vfrsàgfs sf bhleh of eas shevhmfs y thkl`àg of eas talhs dagsòfrhoas fg fsth ýet`kh dhtfjarëh) hsaehlhg eh ghd`fgtf palehd`ôg of Mumuy, fg fshs d`rdugsthgd`hs sf bhlrëh hphrfdòa ugh sføarh lehgdh y


































jfgtf fgugd`h phrh fxpe`dhr a dakfgthr o`vfrsas kèhjras apfrhoas par eh S`rjfg of ^hyphyh ofrrhkhoas salrf sus ofvatas. Tf hov`frtf fgtagdfs quf fg ea quf rfspfdth h eh S`rjfg ofe \ashrà of \ëa Lehgda y ^hyphyh fs pas`lef hc`rkhr quf sf dufgth dag rfehtas quf sf fgduhorhg fg taohs ehs dhtfjarëhs pehgtfhohs fg fe duhora prfsfgthoa kès hrr`lh9 s`g fklhrja fs `kparthgtf ofsthdhr ehs s`ju`fgtfs dufstàgfs= h) Hejugas of fstas rfehtas cufrag pule`dhoas fg 80<> fg fe khrda of ehs hddàgfs quf sf eefvhrag hofehgtf dag kat`va of eh daraghd`ôg pagt`c`d`h of eh `khjfg thgta fg


































Atrh ofvad`ôg daeag`he quf fs of `gtfràs phrh fstf tfkh fs fe of eh S`rjfg ofe \ashrà of @ruyh, kès dagadòh daka S`rjfg of @ruyh, phtragh ofe puflea bakôg`ka fg eh prav`gd`h of Theth. Eh `khjfg fg dufst`ôg fs ugh theeh of dehrh chdturh daeag`he (he `juhe quf eh of ^hyphyh) y dagsòfrhoh ―kuy kèhjrash‛ par sus ofvatas. Fg fstf dhsa thkl`àg bhy ug rfehta quf oh dufgth of eh hphr`d`ôg kèhjrash of eh S`rjfg fg fe s`tà fg fe quf hdtuhekfgtf fstè eh `jefs`h, s`g fklhrja ga sf fgdufgtrh fe tfkh of eh dagt`fgoh fgtrf dr`st`hgas y ga dr`st`hgas, s`ga quf sf trhth of eh dufst`ôg of eh hphr`d`ôg hsad`hoh h eh fxprfs`ôg of vaeugtho of eh `khjfg fg ug saea rfeh-




































thxagakëh29 h dagt`guhd`ôg sf acrfdfg hejugas fmfkpeas of ofvadàgfs h `kèjfgfs quf rfkagthg sus hgtfdfofgtfs h pr`gd`pàs ofe s`jea RR pfra quf hofkès t`fgfg fg dakýg fe sfr fe fmf of arhtaràs phrt`duehrfs, sf trhth of ehs `kèjfgfs h ehs s`ju`fgtfs hovadhdàgfs= Musta Mufz y G`øa Mfsýs of ^rhjh fg Eh Xu`hdh y ug Thg Thgt`hja fg




































rfehta fs dakpefma y dakfgth o`vfrshs hetfrght`vhs sucròhs par eh pfquføh `khjfg quf, of hdufroa h sus ofvatas, fs ―kuy kèhjrash‛. Fg fstf dhsa `gtfrfsh ofsthdhr quf of hdufroa h ea quf sf dufgth fsth `khjfg cuf eefvhoh h eh `jefs`h phrh quf fe shdfroatf oftfrk`ghrh quà `khjfg frh, fe k`ska oftfrk`gô quf frh fe G`øa Mfsýs




































duhgoa tfrk`ghg eas hdtas r`tuhefs vufevf fe fsphdà shjrhoa ofo`dhoa h eh `khjfg qufoh dfrrhoa. Of fsth `khjfg ga bhy, hphrfgtfkfgtf, rfehta of ar`jfg pfra s` hejugas quf ohg dufgth of su hddàghr hkl`vhefgtf y must`d`fra, 0 phrt`duehrkfgtf ofsdr`pt`va fs fe




































4. Tag dagsòfrhoas ëgtfjrhkfgtf vfrhdfs. ?. ^hrh hc`rkhr su vfras`kè`tuo sf fkpefhg fxprfsàgfs quf t`fgofg h rfhc`rkhr fsth dago`d`ôg thefs daka ―ustfo ga drffrè pfra…‛, a ―…h k` bfrkhga ef sudfo`ô…‛, fgtrf atrhs pas`lèòhofs




































L`leàjrhcëh Daehthrd`, K. H. (800?0 ―Vstfo ga drffrè, pfra...‛ fg @@@ Margh- ohs of Fstuoà of eh Ghrrht`vh Caeieôr`dh . K`g`stfrà of Dueturh y Foudhd`ôg of eh ^hkph. Ls. Hs.= @kprfgth ofe K`g`stfrà of Dueturh y Foudhd`ôg of eh Ghd`ôg.















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































quf dakphrtfg eas jrupas, sag d`k`fgtas of eh praoudd`ôg tfxtuhe of dhoh uga of sus k`fklras.

3>

Daka atrhs thgths rfv`sths, _hrmh sf dhrhdtfr`zh par su lrfvfoho of vòh, s` sf eh dakphrh dag atrhs `kparthgtfs rfv`sths of Lufgas H`rfs, hugquf phrh eh prav`gd`h of Mumuy, y fg htfgd`ôg h ehs d`rdugsthgd`hs sadàpaeët`dhs of hqufeeas t`fkpas, su v`jfgd`h of dhs` d`gda høas s`jg`c`dh taoa ug rfdaro. Ga t`fgf prapôs`tas y hkl`dàgfs dakfrd`hefs y ga sf e`k`th he dhkpa fspfdëc`da of eh e`tfrhturh, s`ga quf prfsth phrfmh htfgd`ôg h atras tôp`das ofe vhsta ug`vfrsa of ehs lfeehs hrtfs, eh cèasacëh, eh b`star`h, eh paeët`dh, y atrhs hdt`vòhofs hrtëst`dhs, ea duhe s`týh h eh rfv`sth fg eh ofs`jghd`ôg kès hlhrdht`vh of rfv`sth dueturhe . Fg sus pèj`ghs pufof hddfofrsf h eh praoudd`ôg of eas hutarfs quf eh rfv`sth dagsòfrh o`jgas of htfgd`ôg, fg kudbas dhsas, vfbëduea of o`cus`ôg phrh prapufsths of dhrèdtfr fstàt`da, tfôr`da a òfaeôj`da. Daka ug fsphdà hrt`duehoar of o`sdursas e`tfrhràs y of atrhs o`sd`pe`ghs tfôr`dhs y hrtëst`dhs, sf o`r`jf h ug t`pa of efdtar, ug èrfh of `go`vòuas quf rfdagadfg eh rfv`sth daka `gsthgd`h of ap`g`ôg `gtfefdtuhe hutar`zhoh. @gdeuyf, he kfgas fg ehs pèj`ghs sfefddàghohs phrh fstf fstuoà, dagad`k`fgtas y ap`gàgfs quf lusdhrag drfhr vëgdueas a saeòhròhofs fsthlefs, ofc`g`fgoa fg fe `gtfràr ofe dhkpa `gtfefdtuhe ug ―gasatras‛ y ug ―feeas‛. Eh ofd`s`ôg of drfhr ugh rfv`sth daka _hrmh rfspago`ô h ehs gfdfsòhofs `go`vòuhefs y daefdt`vhs quf pfrk`t`frag h sus o`rfdtarfs y daehlarhoarfs drfhr ugh fscfrh of `gceufgd`h fg fe tfrrfga of ehs hdt`vòhofs `gtfefdtuhefs. Eh dagstrudd`ôg of fsth rfo of `gceufgd`h fg fe dhkpa `gtfefdtuhe of su t`fkpa `kpe`dô, phrh fe jrupa, ugh eudbh of paofr. Eh fscfrh of `gceufgd`h, yh sfh fgtrf o`rfd-
































hdt`vòhofs rfqu`frf, sfjurhkfgtf, of ug fstuoà fspfdëc`da y kès pracugoa salrf dhsas phrt`duehrfs. âr ea pragta, sf pufof hc`rkhr quf _hrmh ofspfrtô eh htfgd`ôg of sus efdtarfs fg fe kfoà eadhe y fg atrhs rfjàgfs ofe phës. \fv`sths e`tfrhr`hs, o`hràs of t`rhoh ghdàghe y prav`gd`he, hsë daka fsdr`tarfs rfdagadòas ofe phës, y atras e`jhoas fkadàghekfgtf h eh thrfh of eas o`rfdtarfs, ef ofo`dhrag ug fspfd`he `gtfràs quf sf trhouma fg eh prakad`ôg of sus dhrhdtfrëst`dhs pr`gd`phefs, a l`fg fg ugh ap`g`ôg dagstrudt`vh salrf hejýg hspfdta fg fspfd`he. Fe pas`dàghk`fgta of eh rfv`sth ofgtra ofe dhkpa `gtfefdtuhe `kpe`dô ugh takh of o`sthgd`h, kès a kfgas paeàk`dh, rfspfdta of atrhs pas`dàgfs `gdeuòhs fg fe tfrr`tarà e`tfrhrà, hrtëst`da y paeët`da, y rfspfdta of eas paofrfs fdagôk`da, paeët`da y eh bfjfkagëh dueturhe of Lufgas H`rfs. Atra rhsja quf o`st`gju`ô h eh rfv`sth fs quf rfvfeô ugh fstrhtfj`h of jrupa phrh `gdarparhr dhp`thefs y suls`st`r h ehs dagtrhr`fohofs. _hrmh sf `gsdr`lf fg fe dhkpa dueturhe of su àpadh, eujhr phrh ehs rfehdàgfs of cufrzh quf sf `kpagfg h taoas eas hjfgtfs quf fgtrhg fg fe dhkpa. Tu dhp`the dueturhe fs fe kès `kparthgtf, y h eh vfz fs fe `gstrukfgta y eh hpufsth of ehs eudbhs fg fe sfga ofe dhkpa9 atras dhp`thefs of `kparthgd`h quf fgtrhg fg mufja sag fe s`klôe`da, dhp`the of rfdagad`k`fgta a of dagshjrhd`ôg sad`he, y fe paeët`da, praoudta of sus òfhràs, hdd`ôg trhgscarkhoarh y arjhg`zhd`ôg. Tu phrt`d`phd`ôg hdt`vh fg eudbhs par eh ofc`g`d`ôg efjët`kh of eas eëk`tfs ofe dhkpa, ef pfrk`t`ô rfhe`zhr ugh fxdeus`ôg s`klôe`dh h ea quf sf rfbusô daka èfjët`ka, apfrhd`ôg quf dagstruyô ugh efjët`kh ofc`g`d`ôg b`stôr`dh ofe hrtf y of eh e`tfrhturh, hsë daka ugh òfh of rfj`ôg y of phës, dagcarkf h sus `gtfrfsfs fspf-

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3<

Fg eh rfehd`ôg dag ehs prèdt`dhs eefvhohs h dhla par fe jal`frga of hqufeeas høas, fe jrupa _hrmh khgtuva khgtuva ugh rfeht`vh o`sthgd`h, fs ofd`r, ofcfgo`ô su hutagakëh y su e`lrf fmfrd`dà ofe hrtf y eh ap`g`ôg9 ga alsthgtf khg`cfstô sus prfaduphdàgfs salrf hsugtas fg eas quf fe jal`frga oflëh khgtfgfr ugh paeët`dh dakprakftòh= eh foudhd`ôg, fe l`fgfsthr, eh ofcfgsh of oflfrfs y ofrfdbas, ftd. Fe jal`frga fsththe, chduethoa phrh fmfrdfr ug paofr salrf fe dhp`the dueturhe, daeadhlh h eas fsdr`tarfs y hrt`sths fg ea quf phrh ^`frrf Lauro`fu (8003) fs ugh ―pas`d`ôg oak`ghoh‛. Fs hsë quf fg ugh o`kfgs`ôg almft`vh pufof ofd`rsf quf fe jrupa dagst`tuyô ug sfdtar oak`ghoa rfspfdta of eas sfdtarfs oak`ghgtfs, fsphdà fxpe`d`thoa fg ehs carkhs dag quf fe jrupa oflëh gfjad`hr eh altfgd`ôg of rfdursas y atras dhp`thefs, pfra fg ugh o`kfgs`ôg sulmft`vh, sus k`fklras ofcfgo`frag sus òfhefs ofkadrèt`das y ga ofmhrag of rfhe`zhr sus prapufsths y khg`cfsthr sus hgbfeas of arjhg`zhd`ôg ofgtra of su dhkpa. Fg fsth ýet`kh hdd`ôg, dhlf ofsthdhr eh khrdhoh rfehd`ôg quf _hrmh fsthlefd`ô dag eh THOF, `gst`tud`ôg hrt`duehoarh ofe dhkpa `gtfefdtuhe quf prakavëh ugh hutagakëh prèdt`dh rfspfdta of ehs prfsàgfs of eas paofrfs ofe s`stfkh paeët`da y fdagôk`da. \fdarofkas quf, phrh Lauro`fu, sôea pufof bhlehrsf of prap`foho ofe dhkpa `gtfefdtuhe heeë oagof sf bh `gst`tuòa ug fsphdà sad`he of praoudtarfs y of praoudd`ôg dueturhe, rfeht`vhkfgtf hutôgaka rfspfdta of ehs ―hutaròhofs‛ `gst`tuòhs cufrh ofe dhkpa. Fg htfgd`ôg h eh oalef fstrudturhd`ôg praoudta of kaoa fg quf hjfgtfs pfrd`lfg fe kugoa sad`he (Lauro`fu, 800> y 8003)= almft`vh , sad`hekfgtf fstrudturhoh, y sulmft`vh , par eh quf eas fsqufkhs of pfrdfpd`ôg y of hprfd`hd`ôg susdfpt`lefs of cugdàghr fg ug kakfgta
































T`ju`fgoa fstas dr`tfràs, ehs eudbhs s`klôe`dhs rfhe`zhohs par fe jrupa _hrmh, fg su o`kfgs`ôg almft`vh , dagtfkpehrag ehs hdt`vòhofs pfohjôj`da—dueturhefs, taohs ehs pule`dhdàgfs rfhe`zhohs, ehs `kparthgtfs daehlarhdàgfs e`tfrhr`hs, peèst`dhs y jrèc`dhs, fe dhgmf of e`lras y rfv`sths, ehs oaghdàgfs rfd`lòhs, eas pràsthkas takhoas, y ehs rfugàgfs pfr`ôo`dhs9 y fg su o`kfgs`ôg sulmft`vh , fg dhoh uga of eas dhkpas fg quf sf ofshrraeeô eh thrfh ofe jrupa= fe paeët`da, fg ofcfgsh of ugh ofkadrhd`h e`lfrhe, of eas pr`gd`pàs cfofrhe`sths, of eh ofkadrht`zhd`ôg of eh dueturh y of eh foudhd`ôg papuehr, hsë thkl`àg khg`cfstègoasf par ugh arjhg`zhd`ôg jrfk`he phrh eas fsdr`tarfs ofe phës9 fe dueturhe, daeadègoasf, daka praoudd`ôg dueturhe bftfrajàgfh, fg eh vfrt`fgtf paàt`dh rfjàghe`sth fsfgd`he`sth , dag prftfgsàgfs of `gsfrthr f `gtfrprfthr eh drfhd`ôg hrtëst`dh fg ug dagtfxta hkfr`dhga, ug`c`dhgoa su thrfh dagdrfth he qufbhdfr ofe puflea9 y fe hrtëst`da, fg eh lýsqufoh of ugh hutfgt`dòho vfrlhe, fxprfs`ôg of eh rfheòho ofe baklrf y ofe hrt`sth dakprakftòa dag su kfoà `gkfo`hta.

@ofaeajëh f òfgtòho. Fg htfgd`ôg h eas hpartfs of Shg O`mi (8000), ehs òfaeajëhs, rfprfsfgthg fe dagmugta of `gtfrfsfs vhr`hoas of eas jrupas sad`hefs. Vg dagmugta of pfrsaghs dagst`tuyf ug jrupa s` y saea s`, daka daefdt`vòho, dakphrtfg rfprfsfgthdàgfs rfprfsfgthdàgfs sad`hefs. T` ehs òfaeajëhs gfdfs`thg sfr ofc`gòhs h g`vfe of jrupa, eh òfgtòho thkl`àg. Hsë daka ug jrupa fspfdëc`da dakphrtf ug dagad`k`fgta, hdt`tuofs y ugh òfaeajëh, sf pufof dagmfturhr quf thkl`àg dakphrtfg ugh rfprfsfgthd`ôg sad`he quf ofc`gf su òfgtòho daka jrupa. Eh òfgtòho sad`he, par thgta, sf cug-

34
































fsqufkh of jrupa rfprfsfgth hsë hqufeehs drffgd`hs cugohkfgthefs quf sag, par ea jfgfrhe, dakphrtòhs (hoqu`ròhs, utè`zhohs, rfpraoudòhs) h g`vfe of jrupa. ^rftfgof sfr ug dagstrudta tfôr`da phrh arjhg`zhr y fxpe`dhr ehs drffgd`hs fvheuht`vhs lès`dhs of eas k`fklras ofe jrupa. Ga alsthgtf, hejugas k`fklras pufofg ga òfgt`c`dhrsf dag fe jrupa fg hejýg hspfdta, y par ea thgta ga dakphrt`r eh òfaeajëh ofe jrupa. ^fra fe fsqufkh of jrupa, daka ugh fstrudturh arjhg`zht`vh phrh ehs drffgd`hs òfaeôj`dhs, dukpef ugh cugd`ôg dajg`t`vh oagof dhoh dhtfjarëh fstè fgrh`zhoh thkl`àg fg eh fstrudturh sad`he, a sfh, fg eas dr`tfràs of pfrtfgfgd`h, hdt`vòhofs y almft`vas sad`hefs, rfehdàgfs, vhearfs y rfdursas sad`hefs.

3?

Fg cugd`ôg of fstf fsqufkh, he jrupa paoëhg pfrtfgfdfr eas fsdr`tarfs y hrt`sths ofe kfoà eadhe dagadfoarfs of eh rfj`ôg y ofe baklrf quf eh bhl`th. Tf rfqufrëh quf fstàg hdtuhe`zhoas y khg`c`fstfg ug hpfja h eh rfheòho, dagsd`fgtfs of su t`fkpa y of sus pralefkèt`dhs. Atra hspfdta quf ofc`g`ô eh pfrtfgfgd`h he jrupa fs eh of sfr rfdagadòas sad`hekfgtf, sfr rfcefx`vas y paeët`dhkfgtf hdt`vas hugquf ga kè`tfg fg phrtòas paeët`das. âoëhg phrt`d`phr o`rfdthkfgtf o`rfdthkfgtf ofe jrupa eas fsdr`tarfs y hrt`sths of Hrjfgt`gh y Hkàr`dh, eas fspfd`he`sths of o`vfrshs o`sd`pe`ghs, eh drët`dh e`tfrhr`h y fe pfrào`ska, f `go`rfdthkfgtf, fe jal`frga fsththe, kfo`hgtf fe hpartf of rfdursas s`klôe`das, dueturhefs y fdagôk`das, s`g g`gjýg t`pa of `gceufgd`h òfaeôj`dh, y thkl`àg fe puflea, kfo`hgtf ugh phrt`d`phd`ôg kès hdt`vh fg ea paeët`da, ea dueturhe, y ug rfdagad`k`fgta h ea quf sf praoudëh fg su prapà kfoà. Fg duhgta h eas vhearfs, eh rfv`sth fxprfsô daka pra-


































phrh su dagdfpta of hrtf. Atras vhearfs sf v`gduehrag h eas òfhefs ofkadrèt`das of Khya, daka fe dakprak`sa paeët`da, eh ofcfgsh of oflfrfs y ofrfdbas —fg fstf dhsa phrh eas fsdr`tarfs y hrt`sths—, eh e`lfrtho of fxprfs`ôg y eh foudhd`ôg papuehr. Daka dagtrhvhearfs, hsad`hoas he hovfrshrà òfaeôj`da, sføheô he fsdfpt`d`ska, he fe`t`ska, he ghdàghe`ska partføa, he p`gtarfqu`ska ofe`lfrhoa, h eh sfduehr`zhd`ôg of eh dueturh y h eh o`sdr`k`ghd`ôg òfaeôj`dh. Eas almft`vas pr`gd`phefs of eh rfv`sth pufofg rfsuk`rsf fg duhtra fmfs= h) Eh fxprfs`ôg of ―ehs carkhs dagdrfths of tfst`kagà‛9 l) Vg`r h ea o`spfrsa y fgcrfgthr fe fsdfpt`d`ska9 fsdfpt`d`ska9 d) Vl`dhr h ehs fxprfsàgfs f xprfsàgfs rfjàghefs fg fe dagtfxta hkfr`dhga9 y o) Khg`cfsthr sus prfaduphdàgfs salrf tfkhs pfrt`gfgtfs h eh praoudd`ôg y o`cus`ôg ofe dagad`k`fgta dagad`k`fgta of eh rfj`ôg. Ehs hdt`vòhofs dueturhefs quf hdakphøhrag h eh fo`d`ôg of eas 83 gýkfras of eh rfv`sth _hrmh sf cadhe`zhrag fg eh pule`dhd`ôg of ug supefkfgta of pafsëh `gào`th, d`gda e`lras y ugh pehqufttf. Fe jrupa arjhg`zô thkl`àg ugh tfhtrèea of tëtfrfs (―Fe Xu`tupë‛, dag kès of d`gdufgth cugdàgfs), duhtra dagd`frtas, d`gda dagcfrfgd`hs y kès of 86 fxpas`dàgfs fxpas`dàgfs of jrhlhoa, o`luma y p`gturh fg eh dùoho of Mumuy y fg fe `gtfràr of eh prav`gd`h. H fsta pufof hjrfjhrsf eh o`str`lud`ôg of eh rfv`sth fg taoa fe phës kfo`hgtf c`dbh of sulsdr`pd`ôg, ea quf pfrk`-

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g`øas of eh dùoho of Mumuy y _èdhrh) y pas`lè`thr su o`cus`ôg fg eas èkl`tas duetas. _hkl`àg sf ofsthdô su thrfh pfohjôj`dh he eefvhr ehs fxprfsàgfs hrtëst`dhs bhd`h gufvas fsphdàs of carkhd`ôg phrh pýle`das ga fspfd`he`zhoas.

33

Fe pas`dàghk`fgta sad`he ofe jrupa, ofc`gòa fg rfehd`ôg h eas ―atras‛, sf rfhe`zô he kfgas fg trfs dhkpas. Fg fe dueturhe, ofc`g`àgoasf fg eh vfrt`fgtf ofe rfjàghe`ska fsfgd`he`sth, dag ugh tfgofgd`h ug`vfrshe`sth of eh drfhd`ôg, y pastuehgoa eh thrfh ofe hrt`sth daka phrtf ofe qufbhdfr ofe puflea9 fg fe dhkpa hrtëst`da, ofcfgo`ô ugh fstàt`dh h chvar of eh hutfgt`dòho vfrlhe9 y fg fe dhkpa paeët`da, fe jrupa khgtuva su òfhefs fg targa h ugh ofkadrhd`h e`lfrhe, ug cfofrhe`ska paeët`da y dueturhe quf pas`lè`tf ehs hutagakëhs of ehs prav`gd`hs, y prapusa, phrh fe gufva jal`frga fefjòa par fe vata papuehr (cflrfra of 8062), hddàgfs quf prakav`frhg eh ofkadrht`zhd`ôg of eh dueturh y eh foudhd`ôg papuehr. Fg duhgta h eh arjhg`zhd`ôg jrfk`he of eas fsdr`tarfs, daka sf o`ma, fe jrupa prfstô fspfd`he htfgd`ôg h su rfehd`ôg dag eh THOF, `gst`tud`ôg hrt`duehoarh ofe dhkpa `gtfefdtuhe quf prakavëh ugh hutagakëh prèdt`dh rfspfdta of eas paofrfs ofe s`stfkh paeët`da y fdagôk`da. Eas ―atras‛ a hovfrshràs òfaeôj`das thkl`àg cufrag ofc`gòas ofgtra of eas dhkpas hgtfs kfgdàghoas. Fg ea dueturhe, eas hrt`sths y fsdr`tarfs hovfrshràs rfcefmhg
































ug ghdàghe`ska bastè of hdd`ôg hlsarlfgtf dfgtrhe`zhoa fg Lufgas H`rfs. Eh eôj`dh dhp`the`sth, rfjòarh of eh `goustr`h dueturhe, y jfgfrhoarh of praoudtas gad`vas phrh eh vòh dueturhe of eh rfj`ôg, dagst`tuyf ug fefkfgta dagtrhrà h sus `gtfrfsfs y prayfdtas. Fg duhgta h eas rfdursas prftfgoòas par fe jrupa, pufofg rfdagadfrsf duhtra= -

fe paofr s`klôe`da, quf dagsth of rfdagad`k`fgta sad`he y fe dukpe`k`fgta of oflfrfs y ofrfdbas ofe fsdr`tar, fsta fs, ug khrda `gst`tudàghe quf pufoh hkphrhrea crfgtf h eh saefoho quf salrfeefvh9

-

fe fxtrhvëa ofe justa of eas efdtarfs y eas `gtfrfsfs of eh `goustr`h dueturhe (of hbë eh `gs`stfgd`h fg ofcfgofr eh e`lfrtho of pule`dhd`ôg pule`dhd`ôg y eas dastas)9

- _hkl`àg, fe rfdagad`k`fgta rfdagad`k`fgta paeët`da, quf `kpe`dh ugh duath of phrt`d`phd`ôg y hsfsarhk`fgta fg pas`lefs paeët`dhs dueturhefs ofkadrht`zhoarhs9 ofkadrht`zhoarhs9 -

âr ýet`ka, ugh sae`d`tuo quf sf o`r`jf h sus prapàs daehlarhoarfs= fe dhp`the dueturhe quf dagst`tuyf fe `gvheuhlef hpartf `gtfefdtuhe y hrtëst`da quf rfd`lf eh rfv`sth.

Fe jrupa _hrmh sf sf pas`dàgô, h ea ehrja of su fx`stfgd`h, rfspfdta of trfs paofrfs dag eas duhefs oflf gfja-

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fsths sf dukpeëhg dagcarkf h ea prakftòa. Crfgtf he paofr of eh `goustr`h dueturhe sf hdtuô fg apas`d`ôg, dagsd`fgtfs of quf sf trhthlh of ugh jrhg tfehrhøh of eh quf ga fsdhphlhg g` fe hutar e`tfrhrà g` fe pýle`da quf eff. Dag fe hpaya `gst`tudàghe y ugh gfdfshr`h ugòho of eas fsdr`tarfs, sf prftfgoëh khyar e`lfrtho of pule`dhd`ôg y eh pratfdd`ôg of eas dastas of pule`dhd`ôg, daka ugh carkh of suls`stfgd`h. âr ýet`ka, fe paofr bfjfkôg`da of eh dùoho of Lufgas H`rfs daka dfgtra dueturhe ofe phës, dagst`tuyô, hgtfs daka hbarh, ugh prfsfgd`h `gfeuo`lef, kaofea y rfcfrfgd`h phrh ug pas`lef ofshrraeea dueturhe of eh rfj`ôg e`tfrhr`h ofe garafstf y h eh vfz fsphdà ofe dfgtrhe`ska `gtfefdtuhe `kparthoar of `skas dagcusàg`sths quf ofsprfd`hg fe tfkh ghdàghe. âr fsth rhzôg, dag eas hutarfs of eh kftrôpae` sf `gtfgtô fsthlefdfr ug vëgduea of daehlarhd`ôg `gtfefdtuhe y hrtëst`dh, dag eh òfh of pfrsuho`reas. 32

âr ýet`ka, sf pufofg o`st`gju`r duhtra t`pa of daehlarhoarfs prftfgoòas par fe jrupa= eas hrt`sths y fsdr`tarfs, fe jal`frga fsththe, eh drët`dh e`tfrhr`h y fe pfrào`ska, y jrhd`hs h eh thrfh of àstas trfs ýet`kas, fe puflea. Of eas hrt`sths y fsdr`tarfs, daka sf o`ma, sf lusdô fe hpartf of khtfr`he `gào`ta, dagad`k`fgtas salrf su rfj`ôg y salrf fe baklrf quf eh bhl`th, fe hpfja h eh rfheòho y eh rfcefx`ôg dagsthgtf salrf feeh. Ofe jal`frga fsththe sf sae`d`tô ugh urjfgtf paeët`dh foudht`vh ar`fgthoh
































d`pà y c`ghe ofe prayfdta rfhe`zhoa par fe jrupa _hrmh . Fg ehs pèj`ghs of eh rfv`sth hoqu`frf ugh `gào`th phrt`d`phd`ôg a dagsòfrhd`ôg9 ofsof eh pasturh of sus pafths, fgshy`sths y hrt`sths peèst`das, eh dueturh papuehr of eh rfj`ôg sf `gdarparô he dagd`frta of rfhe`zhdàgfs rfdagadòhs par eas dërdueas eftrhoas ofe phës.

L`leàjrhcëh Hethk`rhga, D., Threa, L. (8024) E`tfrhturh/Tad`foho . Lufgas H`rfs= Bhdbfttf. Hrhgd`l`h, M. (8020) âfsëh tfeýr`dh ofe Garafstf hrjfgt`ga . Lufgas H`rfs= Hyheh ^hehdà. Lhzèg, H. (8006) B`star`h ofe Garafstf Hrjfgt`ga . Lufgas H`rfs= êus Vetrh. Lhzèg, H. (<>>>) Eh dueturh ofe garafstf hrjfgt`ga . Lufgas H`rfs= êus Vetrh. Lauro`fu, ^. (800>) Tadàeajëh y dueturh. Kàx`da= Jr`mhela. Dargfma âehr, H. (802>) Talrf e`tfrhturh y drët`dh eht`gahkfr`- dhgh . Dhrhdhs= VDS. Fumhg`hg, H. (8000) B`star`h of ehs rfv`sths hrjfgt`ghs 80>>/806>. Eh dagqu`sth ofe pýle`da . Ls. Hs.= Hsad`hd`ôg Hrjfgt`gh of Fo`tarfs of \fv`sths.

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^hefrka, ]., Hetugh, F. (Fos.) (8003)= Vgh E`tfrhturh y su b`s- tar`h= @@. \fj`ôg E`tfrhr`h . ―E`tfrhturh of Theth. B`star`h Tadà dueturhe <‛. Theth= VGTh. âofrt`, H. (<>>>) Eh ghrrht`vh ofe garafstf hrjfgt`ga. B`star`h Tadà Dueturhe . Theth= VGTh. \`vfrh, M. (8006) Fe pfrào`ska dueturhe . Ls. Hs= ^hòôs. Tvhkph, K. (800?)= Fe oèfkh hrjfgt`ga= D`vè`zhd`ôg a lhrlh- r`f. Of Thrk`fgta he rfv`sàg`ska pfrag`sth . Lufgas H`rfs= Fe d`fea par hsheta.

\fv`sths _hrmh . Sae. 8, Gýkfras 8 he 2. ―Hrtf-D`fgd`h. Tfr`f Mumuy fg fe phshoa‛. Mumuy= Vgmu. \fv`sths _hrmh . Sae. <, Gýkfras 0 he 83 y supefkfgta of pafsëh. ―Hrtf-D`fgd`h. Tfr`f Mumuy fg fe phshoa‛. Mumuy= Vgmu.

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Shg O`mi, _. (800:)\hd`ska y hgèe`s`s drët`da of eas kfoàs . Lufgas H`rfs= ^hòôs. Shg O`mi, _. (8000) @ofaeajëh. Vgh hprax`khd`ôg kuetò`sd`pe`- ghr`h . Lhrdfeagh= Jfo`sh.
































H\_F ÂÀ_@DA. FE EFJHOA OF MA\JF DHESF__@ Khrëh Masà Lhut`sth Vg`vfrsòho Ghdàghe of Mumuy

Marjf Dhevftt`, ugh hprax`khd`ôg h su paàt`dh y h sus òfhs fstàt`dhs Fe hgag`khta, dhs` tathe, of Marjf Dhevftt` y fe ofsdagad`k`fgta thgta of su pafsëh daka of su ghrrht`vh pufofg rfsuethr fxtrhøas phrh hqufe efdtar rfd`fgtfkfgtf heefjhoa h sus fsdr`tas. Hýg kès, o`dbh fxtrhøfzh sf hbagoh duhgoa sf ofsdulrf fe vhear quf pasff fe pfgshk`fgta of fstf `gtfefdtuhe, duyhs pasturhs e`tfrhr`hs y fstàt`dhs ef vhe`frag fe bagar of pfrtfgfdfr h eh Hdhofk`h Hrjfgt`gh of Eftrhs. âr fsth rhzôg, dagsòfra cugohkfgthe eefjhr h dakprfgofr eas pas`dàghk`fgtas hrtëst`das of Dhevftt`, fvòfgd`hoas fg taoh su alrh9 pradfsa quf eefvhrè he dagad`k`fgta of su ug`vfrsa dueturhe

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duhefs ef lr`gohrag su dagsfma y, daka fe prapà hutar dagc`fsh, tuva fe pr`vèfjà of dagadfr. Fg ug pr`gd`pà, dhrhdtfr`zhrfkas o`dbh jfgfrhd`ôg, su fgtarga sadà-dueturhe y ehs hprfd`hdàgfs quf fe hutar hparth salrf feeh. Fg sfjugoa eujhr, bhlrà of hladhrkf h eh thrfh of fxhk`ghr eas dagdfptas y dhe`c`dhdàgfs quf Marjf Dhevftt`, daka fgshy`sth, prapagf ofsof su pfrspfdt`vh of e`tfrhta salrf eh pafsëh y eh ghrrht`vh hrjfgt`gh. ^hrh fsta bf sfefddàghoa fgtrfv`sths, fgshyas, prôeajas y dakfgthràs ofe hutar.

:<

Kf vheorà of eas hrtëdueas quf kfgdàghrà h dagt`guhd`ôg= fe prôeaja fsdr`ta phrh fe e`lra of Ohg`fe Avfmfra, Dufgtas ofe tfrruøa 9 fe fgshya ―Fe pafth‛ pule`dhoa phrh fe o`hrà Eh Ghd`ôg 9 fe o`sdursa of hdfpthd`ôg par su `gdarparhd`ôg fg eh Hdhofk`h Hrjfgt`gh of Eftrhs9 fe fgshya ―Atra Cfrgègofz Karfga‛, pule`dhoa fg fe Laeftëg of eh Hdhofk`h Hrjfgt`gh of Eftrhs 9 y par ýet`ka, eas
































lrf eh `gceufgd`h quf eas sudfsas jfgfrhoas fg eh oàdhoh ofe ?> tuv`frag salrf fe dhrèdtfr of fstas baklrfs of eftrhs. < Fg pr`kfrh `gsthgd`h, ofsof fe pugta of v`sth `gtfrghdàghe, bhdf dagsthr eh rfefvhgd`h of eh c`ghe`zhd`ôg of eh sfjugoh jufrrh kugo`he y fe `g`dà of eh jufrrh crëh fgtrf f gtrf ehs khyarfs patfgd`hs ofe arlf. Hsë k`ska, fg fe dagtfxta eht`gahkfr`dhga, bhdf heus`ôg h ehs drfd`fgtfs o`dthourhs tathe`thr`hs quf vhg jhghgoa tfrrfga fg ehs o`st`gths ghdàgfs, hetfrghgoa dag pfrëaoas yh ofkadrèt`das, yh rfvaeudàghràs, jfgfrhgoa `gfsthlèòho fg eh rfj`ôg. _aoas fstas sudfsas sag eas quf, h su dr`tfrà, vhg h oftfrk`ghr of ug kaoa u atra fe dhrèdtfr kfehgdôe`da y pfs`k`sth of fsth jfgfrhd`ôg. ^fra h k` phrfdfr, Hgofrsag @klfrt ofsdr`lf h fstas hutarfs ofsof eh jfgfrheòho eht`gahkfr`dhgh, fs ofd`r quf sôea takh eas hspfdtas kès rfefvhgtfs of eas e`tfrhtas ofe dagt`gfgtf dfgtrhe y suohkfr`dhga, ofmhgoa of ehoa taoh pracugo`zhd`ôg of dhrèdtfr phrt`duehr. âr feea oflfkas thk`zhr o`dbhs jf-

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quf eh fx`stfgd`h k`skh fs hlsuroh (…) ‛ (Hgofrsag @klfrt, <>>6= <04)

Drët`das daka fe yh kfgdàghoa Hgofrsag @klfrt, fe fsphøae Thehzhr Hgjehoh y fe hrjfgt`ga Justhva ]aghgh, fgtrf atras, bhg ofc`gòa h fsth jfgfrhd`ôg, daka gfa- rrakègt`das pfra ga par effr h hutarfs ofe pfràoa rakègt`da prap`hkfgtf o`dba, s`ga par eh rfgavhoh fxhethd`ôg ofe tfrruøa, eh høarhgzh of eh `gchgd`h pfroòh y fe khrdhoa ofsfa of fvhs`ôg rfcrhdthoa fg sus drfhdàgfs paàt`dhs. Hgofrsag @klfrt hjrfjh salrf fsth dufst`ôg quf fgtrf eas hutarfs kès hok`rhoas par fsth jfgfrhd`ôg sf fgdufgtrhg Gfruoh y Sheefma. Fstas oas pafths sfrèg qu`fgfs ju`hrèg h o`dba jrupa par ehs rhkhs of ea sad`he y ea paeët`da, pfra dag ug kht`z dhs` këst`da ar`fgthoa he dueta of eh trho`d`ôg y eh phtr`h.

:?

―(…) hok`rhlhg he Gfruoh, quf ga mujô dag eh e`tfrhturh. Fe Gfruoh of eh ýet`kh àpadh (…), quf hc`rkh- lh eh fx`stfgd`h of dashs rfhefs, y quf ga `gtfgthlh drfhrehs. Fs ugh vufeth h eh rfheòho pfra ga o`rfd-


































quf bh v`vòa, fsdudbhgoa, `khj`ghgoa a saøhgoa, …fs ofd`r, ef `gsp`rhg y ef dagkufvfg sus vfroh- ofs.‛ (Dhevftt`, 8033, p. :)

Fg sus phehlrhs sf rfcefmh fsf hspfdta of eh rfheòho quf eas hutarfs of eh Jfgfrhd`ôg ofe ?> vhearhlhg kès, fs ofd`r, fsh datò`hgfòho `gsp`rhoh fg ehs drffgd`hs y vhearfs of dhoh fsdr`tar, fs par fsa quf Dhevftt` d`th gukfrashs vfdfs h Vghkuga, qu`fg dag cufrtf dhrèdtfr sfgtfgdàsa fgshezh uga of eas hspfdtas quf gufstra hutar `gtfgth `gduedhr, fs ofd`r= ― eh vfroho of dhoh duhe‛ = ―fe bfdba suprfka, fe jrhg bfdba, fe bfdba cfdugoa,


































―Dag àe hprfgoë hstraeajëh… ug pada of gfa- dràeea, heja of eh ^hg Efgjuh y ofe ^hg Mufja y fgsføhgzhs adueths quf kf bhg ju`hoa bhsth bay, par fmfkpea ehs phehlrhs quf ofla pra- gugd`hr dag ugd`ôg hgtfs of fsdr`l`r ugh eëgfh, phrh hlr`r eh pas`lèòho of quf fe Thgta Fspë- r`tu kf èuk`gf… kf trhgsk`t`ô thkl`àg heja of eh dagdfpd`ôg ôrc`dh ofe ug`vfrsa…fg c`g kf fgsføô taoa ea quf puof hprfgofr of su shl`- ourëh…‛ (Dhevftt`, 8023. ^rfjôg, p= <) Fsth dakprfgs`ôg këst`dh fs eh quf prapardàgh fsh k`rhoh quf eufja sf vaedhrè h eh fvadhd`ôg y ef pfrk`t`rè h eas hutarfs of eh Jfgfrhd`ôg ofe ?> fvho`rsf of su


































hutàgt`dh `kparthgd`h daka pafth hrjfgt`ga, kat`va quf gas `kpuesh h `gohjhr dag khyar cufrzh salrf su fstàt`dh y su alrh. ^hrh dagdeu`r dag fstf phgarhkh quf v`gdueh h Dhevftt` dag eas hutarfs ofe ?>¿ paofkas hjrfjhr quf fe prapà fsdr`tar mumføa sf bhdf fda of su pfrtfgfgd`h h o`dbh Jfgfrhd`ôg, y fg gukfrashs adhsàgfs sf htrfvf h dhrhdtfr`zhreh ofsof su pfrspfdt`vh of `gtfjrhgtf= ―^frtfgfzda h eh Jfgfrhd`ôg ofe ?> par eh cfdbh of hphr`d`ôg of k` pr`kfr e`lra y par eh of k` ghd`- k`fgta, y thkl`àg par gatar`hs dhrhdtfrëst`dhs… taoas tfgëhkas herfofoar of <>. Frhg kuy sfkfmhg-


































Zb`tkhg, y fe dàeflrf Rue Taehr, phrh sfeehr sus fgugd`hoas. _hkl`àg rfsuethg s`jg`c`dht`vhs s`jg`c`dht`vhs sus rfcfrfgd`hs h eas deès`das jr`fjas, rfshethgoa y d`thgoa, dag ugh khfstrëh y còfeòho musth, hqufeeas crhjkfgtas of eh àp`dh y eh k`taeajëh hprap`hoas h sus gfdfsòhofs. Tus prapas`dàgfs y hc`rkhdàgfs ga sag cruta ofe dhpr`dba g` of ugh vfrlarrfh `gdagsd`fgtf, s`ga quf lusdh eh phehlrh y fe dakfgthrà fxhdta phrh dhoh òfh carkuehgoa, of fstf kaoa, tfxtas hddfs`lefs y dehras, pfra quf h eh vfz rfcef mhg jrhg fruo`d`ôg y shp`fgd`h salrf fe tfkh trhthoa. Fsta bhdf pfgshr fg ug sôeòh lhsf quf s`rvf of hgohk`hmf h sus hsfvfrhdàgfs, hsë daka thkl`àg fg ug `g-


































h) Eh `gchgd`h høarhoh. Fg kudbas of sus pafkhs paofkas dagsththr cfbhd`fgtfkfgtf fsth tfgofgd`h, par fmfkpea= Kh`khrè

(…) Hquë bf v`vòa k` `gchgd`h. Frh cfe`z. @jgarhlh bfrkashkfgtf eh vòh. Eh `gchgd`h… Eas rfdufroas kès v`fmas vhjhg par eh kfkar`h Daka oaøh Kfedbarh par fe puflea. (Crhjkfgta- Dhevftt`, <>>3=:>)




































―Yfe jhudba[ frh fe baklrf quf Bfrgègofz dagad`ô fg su g`øfz y he quf eefvhlh fg su rfdufroa, ea quf fqu`vhef h ofd`r fg fe t`fkpa (…) y quf bhlrëh of dagvfrt`rsf kès throf fg fe pfrsaghmf ofe pafkh `gkarthe.‛ (Dhevftt`, 8023, p= 8)

H phrt`r of fstf pugta, eas pastuehoas of Dhevftt` rf-




































par Dhevftt`), phrh hlarohr ugh alrh thg o`sdutòh y rf`gtfrprfthoh, khrdh ugh paofrash dagv`dd`ôg rfspfdta h ehs prap`hs dagdfpdàgfs paàt`dhs, pufsta quf fs fvòfgtf quf phrh Dhevftt` fe phshoa, eh kfkar`h, eh fvadhd`ôg, sag rfj`stras `kprfsd`go`lefs h eh barh ofe hgèe`s`s of eh fsdr`turh of eas hutarfs quf dakfgth, pfra thkl`àg h eh




































Vg tfrdfr fmfkpea ea bheehkas fg su o`sdursa of hdfpthd`ôg daka k`fklra of eh Hdhofk`h Hrjfgt`gh of Eftrhs, fg fe duhe rfehth su vòh fg Lufgas H`rfs y fe hprfgo`zhmf rfd`lòa of eas jrhgofs fsdr`tarfs dag eas quf tuva dagthdta. Eufja `g`d`h ea quf àe eehkh ugh dagcfs`ôg, quf dak`fgzh dag eh ghrrhd`ôg of su ghd`k`fgta




































fg eh kfkar`h y pehskhrsf phrh s`fkprf fg su pafsëh y, kès throf, fg su carkh of vfr fe kugoa quf ea raofh. âr ýet`ka, paofkas hjrfjhr ug fmfkpea kès salrf fsth dhrhdtfrëst`dh d`thgoa phrtfs ofe fgshya ―Atra Cfrgègofz Karfga‛ 3, fe duhe ga fsdhph h eh fvadhd`ôg of eh hgàdoath pfrsaghe, s`ga quf fs àsth eh quf hlrf fe dh-




































oa= ehs d`ths, ehs ràpe`dhs, eas dufstàghk`fgtas y ehs hprfd`hdàgfs paàt`dhs, fstèg ar`fgthohs par fstf kfdhg`ska quf fs eh kfkar`h… ―Xu`fra trhfr he rfdufroa of of ustfofs oas ap`gà- gfs ofe èustrf pafth Fgr`quf Lhgdbs (…)















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































kfgtf, fs quf kf justh mujhr. Ef pagja ug pada of o`vfrs`ôg h taoa fsta. Fg eh vòh taoa fs kuy rëjòa y ya trhta of quflrhr fsa[. Fe ―±prapà1‛ Cfofr`da Efju`zhkôg thkl`àg lusdô dagstru`r atrhs òfgtòhofs lhma fe sfuoôg`ka of Khrth of eh Ièedhgh = ― Khrth Khrth khth pae`dëhs, t`fgf 66 høas, fs ugh kumfr

jrhgof y pufof ofd`r ea quf qu`frf. Ga gfdfs`th quf ef ofg trhlhma, ga gfdfs`th sfr fkpefhoh of eh pra- v`gd`h9 ga gfdfs`th of fsf kagstrua, daka hejugas fsdr`tarfs. Fg rfheòho s`fkprf fsdr`la salrf eh che- th of pehth‛ (@lòfk).

Fe kuthr a ofsoalehk`fgta of eas yafs rfvfehg eh dr`s`s of ehs òfgtòhofs y eh ―ofscugohd`ôg‛ of taoh ps`daeajëh. 8<>

Të, parquf ga kf justh fsh pfohgtfrëh of eas fsdr`- tarfs, ofe ―ya‛9 gugdh kf justô. âr fsa prfc`fra fv`- thr k` gaklrf. ^hrh fsth fgtrfv`sth pfgshlh quf sf eh paoëhs bhdfr h ug gaklrf gufva quf ga cufrh fe këa. Atras sag= Gàeòh Hgýg, \`dhroa Bugtfr, daka \`di Bugtfr fe of \alatfdb. (Efju`zhkôg, @lòfk)

±Gas fdagtrhkas hgtf eh ofsfgkhgt`zhd`ôg of eh eehkhoh ―kufrtf ofe hutar‛, ga `kparth qu`àg fsdr`lh, ea s`gjuehr y eh patfgd`h v`vh of eh phehlrh fstè fg fe tfxta quf sf bhdf vaz y quf pagf fe dufrpa1. Fg fsh dagd`fgd`h òfaeôj`dh bfdbh dhrgf -hugquf c`dt`d`h- sf pas`dàgh ofsof eas kèrjfgfs phrh bhdfr thklhefhr taoas eas fsthtutas of eh fspfd`c`dòho y eas dègagfs e`tfrhràs. _he vfz par fsth rhzôg ofsdrffg ofe kfrdhoa, of eh ug`vfrsòho, of eh drët`dh fspfd`he`zhoh y pfràoëst`dh parquf eh cèasacëh quf hgohk`h fsth gufvh c`dd`ôg hpfeh
































^hueh Taruda, ugh gufvh sfgs`lèòho e`jhoh he tfst`kagà of vòhs dakugfs (±qu`àg ga fs dakýg1 o`ma hyfr thkl`àg fe fsdr`tar shetføa crfgtf he fsdazar quf ef pravadhlh h vhràs of eas prfsfgtfs -fspfd`hekfgtf of eh dacrhoëh ug`vfrs`thr`h- su khg`c`fsta paàt`da) Ehs jfgfrhdàgfs rfd`fgtfs of fsdr`tarfs fg Mumuy o`lumhg ug gufva khph fg eh e`tfrhturh of Mumuy y ofslarohg eas kaofeas dhgôg`das of pfrd`l`r y effr e`tfrhturh, bf hquë atra ofshcëa crfgtf he lheoëa of eh drët`dh s`stfkèt`dh, ar`fgthoarh, prakatarh of ehs gufvhs tfgofgd`hs daka bhg sòa ehs of Hgoràs Còheja y Gàstar Jrapph, ±qu`àg sf bhdf dhrja bay of eh drët`dh hdhoàk`dh a ofsof fe pfrào`ska pfrào`ska dueturhe phrh takhr eh pasth1 Hs`k`ska, ±dôka hprap`hrgas of eh e`tfrhturh rfjàghe fg eh gufvh dfgtur`h y of quà kaoa trhsehohr ehs eëgfhs `gtfrprftht`vhs of eh e`tfrhturh ghdàghe —eeèkhsf ràpehtfgsf- fg gufstrhs e`tfrhturhs eadhefs1 Fg ugh fgdufsth rfd`fgtf rfhe`zhoh h fsdr`tarfs ghdòas h phrt`r ofe :3 a eh oàdhoh ofe 2>, oas of feeas b`d`frag thklhefhr gufstra hrtfchdta tfôr`da-drët`da quf vheòhlh d`frths dhtfjarëhs= ±Duèefs of ehs s`ju`fgtfs dhrhdtfrëst`dhs pufofg sfr dagsòfrhohs daka rhsjas salrfshe`fgtfs ofe gufva kèfgà= eh crhjkfgthd`ôg jfgàr`dh9 fe k`drarrfehta9 fe prfoak`gà urlhga khrj`ghe9 eh fxpfr`fgd`h cfkfg`gh daka pfrspfdt`vh paàt`dh9 eh rfv`s`ôg of ehs dhtfjarëhs of b`star`h, òfgtòho, kfkar`h9 fe hddàghr of rfv`sths dueturhefs9 eh `rrupd`ôg of gufvhs fo`tar`hefs9 fe pfrào`ska e`tfrhrà9 fe usa of leajs1 (T` ea dagsòfrh, pufof sføhehr atrhs dhrhdtfrëst`dhs quf ga bhyhg sòa kfgdàghohs). -

^hlea Fsp`gazh

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parquf h o`cfrfgd`h of eh ghrrht`vh, fg feeh fgdagtrà khyar ar`j`gheòho)._aoa ea quf efa fs o`cfrfgtf (y ga o`ja kfmar g` pfar, sôea o`cfrfgtf). _fgorè quf vfr dag fsta fe bfdba of quf hýg eh kh- yarëh of sus hutarfs fstèg dagstruyàgoasf y fsta bhdf quf `gdeusa of ug e`lra h atra feeas dhkl`fg1 _he vfz fe ýg`da rhsja fg dakýg sfh ugh k`skh àpadh.

-

8<<

^hueh TA\VDA Kkk taohs y g`gjugh, parquf s` o`ja taohs o`ja g`gjugh... fe k`drarfehta fs ugh carkh of rfehta thg ghturhe y thg arhe fg d`frta pugta quf ga paorëh of- d`r quf fsa sfh gufva.. ea of eh crhjkfgthd`ôg jfgà- r`dh ga sà s` fs thg gufva oflf tfgfr ugas 6> høas par ea kfgas... Ea ofe prfoak`gà urlhga khrj`ghe, ga sà s` prfoak`gh thgta... pfra of duhequ`fr kaoa thkpada kf phrfdf heja thg hdtuhe, eh fxpfr`fgd`h cfkfg`gh daka pfrspfdt`vh paàt`dh... quà sf ya He- cags`gh Ttarg` yh frh kumfr... y sf paorëhg gaklrhr taohs ehs quf s`ju`frag.. ftd., par hbë sf pufof ofd`r quf ea gufva sag eas leajs, pfra daka thkpada eas efa thgta parquf fg fsa say kès deès`dh y kf dhgsh eh dakpu prfc`fra phpfe, ga sà s` ehs dashs phrh kë daka efdtarh bhg dhkl`hoa thgta. T` dag fe tfkh of ehs fo`tar`hefs kèfs `gofpfgo`fgtfs, fsa kf phrfdf kès quf jfg`he, y par rhzagfs drfa alv`hs= pas`lè`- ohofs, d`rduehd`ôg, y taohs ehs vfgthmhs (shl`fgoa ehs o`c`duethofs) of eh fo`d`ôg `gofpfgo`fgtf, quf he kfgas phrh kë sf kf c`jurh daka eh ýg`dh pas`lef... Hofkès of quf `juhe ehs fe`ma, parquf t`fgfg s`fkprf ugh hpufsth fstàt`dh kès cufrtf, par fe s`kpef bfdba of quf ea bhdf jfgtf quf hkh ea quf bhdf.
































Fgtagdfs ±h quà apfrhdàgfs of efdturh oflfrfkas rfdurr`r h eh barh of `gvfst`jhr fe dhkpa e`tfrhrà rfd`fgtf fg Mumuy1 Ofe`k`thr fstf dhkpa sf dakpefm`zh duhgoa prayfdthkas fe hgèe`s`s fg fe èkl`ta ofe kfrdhoa fo`tar`he, ehs `goustr`hs dueturhefs y eh d`rduehd`ôg of eh e`tfrhturh fg eh wfl. P fg ugh u gh rfheòho quf gas dagsukf fg eh vàefgd`h sad`he y vfrlhe, quf ―rfcrhdth ug kugoa of eh pfro`d`ôg y eh ru`gh‛ y hetfrh fe hrtf of eh dheef salrf fe hrtf of ehs kftècarhs.

±Oôgof fsthkas1 -

Fsthrëhkas hgtf eh o`saeud`ôg of eh trho`d`ôg e`tfrhr`h y eh oflhdef of ehs `gst`tudàgfs `gst`tudàgfs quf hgohk`hrag b`stôr`dhkfgtf su fstrudturh.

-

Eh husfgd`h ofe `gtfràs `gsurrfdta, eh dagthk`ghd`ôg, dagthk`ghd`ôg, s`kuethgfòho y supfrpas`d`ôg of prapufsths fstàt`dhs, y ehs gufvhs khgfrhs of paft`zhr eh hdtuheòho gas acrfdfg ug fgcaquf pravadhoar y pfrturlhoar h eh barh of ofc`g`r quà y dôka fs eh e`tfrhturh fg Mu muy ofe T`jea RR@.

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ËGO@DF

HDF\DH OF CVGOHD@AGFT P \FCVGOHD@AGFT OF EAT O@TDV\TAT E@_F\H\@AT FG FE GA\_F H\JFG_@GA Cearfgd`h Hgjuea Sèeèg

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EAT K@EHJ\AT P/A Â\_FG_AT H ^H\_@\ OF EAT \FEH_AT A\HEFT FG FE GAH Khrëh Hzudfgh Daehthrd` Vg`vfrsòho of Lufgas H`rfs

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@KÈJFGFT XVF _FMFG EH KFKA\@H DAKVG@_H\@H= B@T_A\@H OF EH LH\DH OFE DFKFG_F\@A OF _@EDH\H Cearfgd`h Hgjuea Sèeèg Vg`vfrsòho Ghdàghe of Mumuy

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E@_F\H_V\H @GOËJFGH H\JFG_@GH T`xta Sèsqufz ]uefth

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EH \FS@T_H _H\MH DAKA E@_F\H_V\H CVGOHD@AGHE OFE GAH Chlr`dà Frgfsta Larmh Vg`vfrsòho Ghdàghe of Mumuy

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HGÈE@T@T OF EAT O@TDV\TAT TAD@HEFT FG ―HGA_HD@AGFT TAL\F EH JVF\\H TVD@H‛ OF BÀD_A\ _@]ÔG Kôg`dh ^hz Vg`vfrsòho Ghdàghe of Mumuy

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\V_HT E@_F\H\@HT OFE GVFSA K@EFG@A FG MVMVP

\fygheoa Dhstra — Khrëh Hefmhgorh Ghee`k Vg`vfrsòho Ghdàghe of Mumuy

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Of cugohdàgfs y rfcugohdàgfs fg ehs e`tfrhturhs of ehs rfjàgfs hrjfgt`ghs sf tfrk`gô of `kpr`k`r fg fe kfs of sfpt`fklrf

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eas

_heefrfs

Jrèc`das of eh Vg`vfrsòho Ghdàghe of Mumuy, s`tas fg Hv. Lae`v`h 8326, Thg Thevhoar of Mumuy — MVMVP — H\JFG_@GH.































































@TLG= 0:2-06>-:<8-?83-0

Ehs pule`dhdàgfs quf hquë sf acrfdfg dakfgzhrag h carmhrsf fg fe khrda of ug fgdufgtra d`fgtëc`da salrf ehs praouddàgfs fstàt`da-e`tfrhr`hs of ehs rfjàgfs hrjfgt`ghs. Heeë sf pehgtfô fe `gtfràs y eh gfdfsòho dagsthgtf of hlr`r fsphdàs of oflhtf. Fstas tfrr`taràs pas`lè`thg eh praoudd`ôg of dagad`k`fgta y o`sdus`ôg hdfrdh of eas cfgôkfgas hrtëst`das quf sf praoudfg fg fe phës, kès heeè of ea quf fe kfrdhoa fo`tar`he y fe dhgag dfgtrhe gas prfsfgthg. Eh dagvadhtar`h tuva sus crutas y cuf gfdfshrà ofsoalehr fe phgfe of fxpas`dàgfs. D`frthkfgtf, eh hdt`vòho pfrk`t`ô `gtfjrhr shlfrfs of o`st`gtas

Jornaleros 04 - Literaturas de las Regiones Argentinas. De fundaciones y refundaciones

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