@OHOCOL GKEN] CO^OEOE DOE HKJNOTOE BN@BNEJOE HAE]KCNEJ
Dnog{hoe {et{h `k`ke{ln }ocol }ot{ t{jo} `oto h{cnol Bn`bnejoe Hae}kcnej Da}ke Vkejo`v{7 Dr}# Iodlcn Ho`nc ]% Vd Dn}{}{e Ackl7 Oidol
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Dkdk Dkzoetoro
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DKVORTK@KE VKEDNDNHOE EO]NAEOC [ENYKR]NTO] CO@B[EJ @OEJH[ROT IOH[CTO] HKJ[R[OE DOE NC@[ VKEDNDNHOE VRAJRO@ ]T[DN ]? VJ]D TKRNETKJRO]N BOEGORBOR[
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GKEN] CO^OEOE DOE HKJNOTOE BN@BNEJOE HAE]KCNEJ O% Co~oeoe Arnketo}n
Co~oeoe arnketo}n odocol co~oeoe bn`bnejoe ~oej dncoh{hoe {et{h `k`vkrhkeochoe }n}zo bor{ doe oto{ }k}karoej tkrlodov cnejh{ejoe ~oej bor{ dn`o}{hne~o% ?% Co~oeoe Arnketo}n dn }khacol Bojn }n}zo hktndohhkeocoe oto{ hktndohtol{oee~o tkrlodov cnejh{ejoe ck`bojo vkedndnhoe ,}khacol. ~oej dn }khacol bor{ dn`o}{hne~o nt{ dovot `k`vkrtco`bot vra}k} bkcogore~o hkcoh% Occoe ) @mHkoe ,?><4. `kekjo}hoe bolzo toevo vrajro`-vrajro` arnketo}n# vkrnadk vke~k}{oneo {et{h }kbojnoe }n}zo bkrcoej}{ej hnro-hnro tnjo oto{ k`vot b{coe% Vkekcntnoe Occoe ) @mHkoe `ke{eg{hhoe bkbkrovo loc ~oej vkrc{ `kedovot vkrlotnoe # ~ont{ 7 o% Vrajro` arnketo}n ~oej kikhtni `k`vkrmkvot vra}k} odovto}n doe g{jo `k`bkrnhoe hk`{doloe {et{h `kejk`boejhoe hk`o`v{oe `k`kmolhoe `o}ocol% b% @{rnd-`{rnd ~oej `kejoco`n `o}ocol vke~k}{onoe tkre~oto h{roej bkrlo}nc dn }khacol% m% Oeoh-oeoh dorn hkco} }amnoc khaea`n ~oej rkedol `k`krc{hoe zoht{ ~oej ckbnl co`o {et{h `ke~k}{onhoe dnrn dornvodo oeoh-oeoh dorn hkco} }a}na khaea`n ~oej tnejjn% Nednynd{ ~oej `k`o}{hn cnejh{ejoe bor{ vkrc{ }kjkro doe }kmkvot `{ejhnej `k`olo`n cnejh{ejoe bor{e~o nt{% Loc-loc ~oej vkrc{ dnhktol{n nt{ vodo jorn} bk}ore~o odocol hkodooe cnejh{ejoe in}nh# `otkrn doe haedn}n hkjntoe# vkrot{roe doe bkrbojon hktket{oe conee~o# gken} vkr}aeoc ~oej odo# t{jo} `o}nej-`o}nejdoe }ocnej l{b{ejoe oetoro `krkho% [et{h cnejh{ejoe }khacol `n}oce~o# `otkrn arnketo}n ~oej `kedovot vkekhoeoe odocol 7 o% ]n}tk` vke~kckejjorooe vkedndnhoe vodo {`{`e~o
b% H{rnh{c{` ~oej odo m% Vke~kckejjorooe vkejogoroe d% Hkjnotoe bkcogor }n}zo ~oej dnlorovhoe S k% ]~}tk` vkencono# {gnoe doe hkeonhoe hkco} i% Io}ncnto} doe }{`bkr bkcogor ~oej odo j% Io}ncnto} vke{egoej l% ]toi vkejogor doe toto {}olo n% Loh doe hkzognboe }n}zo g% Arjoen}o}n }n}zo h% Arjoen}o}n aroej t{o }n}zo c% Arjoen}o}n }khacol }kmoro `ke~kc{r{l 2% @ktadk Co~oeoe Arnketo}n }khacol Hkc{o}oe doe hkdoco`oe `o}nej-`o}nej vahah `otkrn dn oto} ~oej dn}o`vonhoe hkvodo }n}zo dn }k}{onhoe dkejoe gkegoej }khacol doe tnejhot vkrhk`boejoe oeoh% [et{h oeoh-oeoh ~oej bor{ `k`o}{hn hkco} ? ]D # vahah-vahah `otkrn nt{ }kbonhe~o dn}o`vonhoe hkvodo aroej t{o `{rnd% [et{h oeoh-oeoh ~oej }kjkro ohoe `k`o}{hn ]CTV# Occke ) @mHkoe `ke~oroehoe hkjnotoe 7 o% H{eg{ejoe hk ]D vk`o}ah b% H{eg{ejoe hk ]CTV vk`k}oe m% Vkrtk`{oe dkejoe aroej t{o d% ]toi hae}kcar bkrtk`{ dkejoe j{r{ `k`bnmorohoe }n}zo-}n}zo bor{ k% @kej{eg{ejn hkco} i%
@k`oeioothoe }n}zo }kenar
=% Co~oeoe Arnketo}n dn C{or ]khacol Moro vke~ognoe arnketo}n dn c{or }khacol }oejot tkrjoet{ej vodo gken} arnketo}n ~oej dnvkrcoh{hoe doe }novo ~oej `k`krc{hoee~o% B% Co~oeoe Neiar`o}n
]kmoro {`{`# bkr}o`o dkejoe co~oeoe arnketo}n bkr`oh}{d `k`bkrnhoe vk`olo`oe hkvodo nednynd{-nednynd{ ~oej bkrhkvketnejoe tketoej bkrbojon loc
~oej dnvkrc{hoe {et{h `kegocoen }{ot{ t{jo} oto{ hkjnotoe# oto{ {et{h `keket{hoe orol }{ot{ t{g{oe oto{ rkemoeo ~oej dnhklkedohn% Odo tnjo oco}oe {to`o `kejovo vk`bkrnoe neiar`o}n vkrc{ dn}kckejjorohoe 7 o.
@k`bkhocn nednynd{ dkejoe bkrbojon vkejktol{oe tketoej cnejh{ejoe ~oej dnvkrc{hoe {et{h `k`kmolhoe `o}ocol ~oej dnlodovn bkrhkeooe dkejoe cnejh{ejo }khntor# vkedndnhoe# gobotoe# `o{v{e `o{v{e }amnoc b{do~o%
b.
@k`{ejhnehoe nednynd{ dovot `keket{hoe orol lnd{ve~o hk`oeo dno nejne vkrjn%
m.
]ktnov nednynd{ odocol {enh# hk{enhoe nt{ ohoe `k`bozohoe vaco-vaco vkejo`bncoe hkv{t{}oe doe bkrtnedoh% ?% Gken}-gken} Neiar`o}n o% Neiar`o}n Vkedndnhoe Earrn}l# Lotml# Kejkcho} ) Znebare ,?>::. `kekhoehoe bolzo neiar`o}n vkedndnhoe `kcnv{tn doto doe hkh{roejoe ~oej }olnl doe bkrj{eo tketoej hk}k`votoe doe }~orot-}~orot bkrhkeooe dkejoe bkrbojon gken} vkedndnhoe ~oej odo }khoroej doe ~oej ohoe dotnej% Neiar`o}n vkedndnhoe doe vkcotnloe vkrc{ dn}kborc{o}hoe hkvodo oejjato `o}~orohot {et{h }k`{o {`{r# hl{}{}e~o bojn ~oej `o}nl `ked{d{hn
boejh{
vkedndnhoe
iar`oc%
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vkrc{
`kejndketninho}n tnejhot-tnejhot neiar`o}n vkedndnhoe% Gken}-gken} neiar`o}n vodo }ktnov tnejhot odocol }kbojon bkrnh{t 7 -
Vkrto`o hocn `o}{h }khacol
-
@k`o}{hn ]CTV
-
@k`o}{hn ]@O
-
@k`o}{hn Vkrj{r{oe Tnejjn
b% Neiar`o}n Gobotoe Neiar`o}n gobotoe!vkhkrgooe ~oej bonh }kh{roej-h{roeje~o `k`{ot loc-loc }kbojon bkrnh{t 7 ?% ]tr{ht{r doe hkca`vah-hkca`vah gobotoe 2% [ronoe t{jo} `o}nej-`o}nej gobotoe!vkhkrgooe
=% H{ocninho}n tkeojo ~oej dnvkrc{hoe {et{h `o}nej-`o}nej gobotoe 4% Moro-moro oto{ vra}kd{r vkekrn`ooe ;% Haedn}n hkrgo 9% Hk}k`votoe-hk}k`votoe {et{h `k`boej{e hornkr :% Io}ncnto} vke{egoej {et{h hk}kgoltkrooe vkhkrgooe% Earrn}# dhh% @kejhco}ninho}nhoe neiar`o}n gobotoe!vkhkrgooe hk doco` k`vot tnejhot ~ont{ 7 tnejhot ]D# tnejhot ]CTV# ]@O doe vo}mo ]CTO Tnejhot ]D Tnejhot nen `kr{vohoe tnejhotoe ~oej vocnej ozoc doe `kedo}or% Neiar`o}n ~oej dnbkrnhoe vodo tnejhot nen bkr}niot {`{` doe tndoh `kejorol vodo gken}-gken} gobotoe!vkhkrgooe tkrtket{ dn`oh}{dhoe {et{h 7 ?% @kejk`boejhoe {et{h }nhov tkrlodov }kjoco gken} vkhkrgooe% 2% @k`bozo oeoh-oeoh {et{h `ke~odorn bktovo c{o}e~o d{eno hkrgo ~oej odo% =% @kegozob bkrbojon vkrtoe~ooe oeoh tketoej vkhkrgooe% 4% @kekhoehoe go}o dorn `o}nej-`o}nej gken} vkrhkrgooe hkvodo hk}kgoltkrooe lnd{v r{`ol toejjo doe `o}~orohot% ;% Vkhkrgooe odo dn `oeo-`oeo% 9% ]ocnej hktkrjoet{ejoe oetoro vkhkrgooe ~oej }ot{ dkejoe ~oej conee~o% :% Hk`o`v{oe hl{}{} `o{v{e mnrn-mnrn hkvrnbodnoe tkrtket{# dn vkrc{hoe {et{h hkbkrlo}ncoe vkhkrgooe% <% [et{h `k`ncnl }{ot{ vkhkrgooe dnvkrc{hoe neiar`o}n ~oej tkvot% >% Odo bkrbojon loc `o}ocol ~oej `{ejhne dnlodovn ackl aroejaroej ~oej `kejnejnehoe vkrhkrgooe tkrtket{%
?6% [et{h `k`ncnl vkrhkrgooe oto{ hornkr dn `o}o dkvoe vkrc{ hklotnlotnoe doe vkrtn`boejoe ~oej `otoej% Tnejhot ]CTV Neiar`o}n gobotoe!vkhkrgooe dn ]CTV `ke~ognhoe bolzo neiar`o}n dkejoe t{g{oe ojor voro }n}zo `o`v{ `krkemoeohoe }kmoro {`{` `o}o dkvoee~o doe tndoh `krkemoeohoe vkhkrgooe tkrtket{ }kmoro hl{}{}% Dnlorovhoe }n}zo `{con 7 ?% @k`vkcogorn bndoej vkhkrgooe }kmoro ckbnl c{o} 2% @kcnlot l{b{ejoe oetoro bndoej-bndoej vkhkrgooe nt{ dkejoe `oto-`oto vkcogoroe ~oej odo dn }khacol% =% Ckbnl `kedoco`n neiar`o}n tketoej vkhkrgooe tkrtket{% 4% @k`olo`n moro-moro `k`vkrackl neiar`o}n ~oej tkvot doe `{tohlnr dkejoe g{`col ~oej m{h{v tketoej d{eno hkrgo% ;% @k`olo`n
vketneje~o
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vkrhkrgoe!hornkr 9% @k`olo`n bolzo d{eno hkrgo nt{ tndoh vkreol doco` hkodooe tktov% Tnejhot ]CTO Neiar`o}n vkhkrgooe ]CTO lkedohcol `kcnv{tn# moh{voe ~oej `k`{ejhnehoe }n}zo 7 ?% @k`vkrj{eohoe bkrbojon moro {et{h `k`vkrdoco` vk`olo`oe tketoej d{eno hkrgo% 2% @kejk`boejhoe rkemoeo }k`ketoro vkhkrgoe ~oej ohoe `kegodn vkjoejoe }kto`ot ]CTO =% @k`ncnhn vkejktol{oe tketoej ovov{e `k`v{e~on l{b{ejoe dkejoe vkhkrgooe tkrtket{ ovobnco }n}zo `k`oej `kejlkedon {et{h `k`kjoej gobotoe nt{ }kto`ot dorn ]CTO%
m% Neiar`o}n }amnoc-b{do~o @oe{}no dntoh}nrhoe bkrv{oh-v{oh# bkr}{h{-}{h{ doe bkrboej}oboej}o% ]{vo~o }ocnej `kejkeoc }ocnej `k`bkrn doe `kekrn`o }klnejjo tkrmnvto haedn}n ~oej dneo`n} ~oej `kedaraej hklnd{voe `oe{}no nt{ }kcoc{ bkr{bol bkrhk`boej doe `og{% @krkho vkrc{ dnbkhocn dkejoe vkejktol{oe doe vk`olo`oe n}n neiar`o}n tketoej hkodooe }amnoc-b{do~o bkrbojon dokrol% Loc nen dovot dncoh{hoe ` `kcoc{n vke~ognoe neiar`o}n }amnoc b{do~o ~oej `kcnv{tn 7 ?% @omo`-`omo` }{h{ boej}o 2% Odot n}tnodot doe hkbno}ooe-hkbno}ooe =% Ojo`o doe hkvkrmo~ooe-hkvkrmo~ooe 4% Bolo}o#
tkr{to`o
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hk}ocolvolo`oe }{h{ boej}o conee~o% ;% Vatke}n-vatke}n dokrol% 9% Hkhl{}{}oe `o}~orohot oto{ dokrol tkrtket{% 2% @ktadk Co~oeoe Neiar`o}n dn ]khacol o% Mkro`ol b% Dn}h{}n m% Hor~ozn}oto d% B{h{ Voed{oe k% Haeikrke}n hornkr =% Co~oeoe neiar`o}n dn C{or ]khacol Co~oeoe neiar`o}n g{jo boe~oh dnvkrc{hoe ackl zorjo `o}~orohot dn c{or }khacol% Gken}-gken} neiar`o}n ~oej dnvkrc{hoe nt{ vodo do}ore~o bkrhkeooe dkejoe vkejlnd{voe ~oej ckbnl c{o}# tndoh tkrboto}# }kcoc{ dovot bkr{bol }k}{on dkejoe vkr{boloe doe vkrhk`boejoe `o}~orohot% M% Co~oeoe Vkek`votoe doe Vke~oc{roe
?% Vkek`votoe doe Vke~oc{roe ]n}zo dn ]khacol o% Co~oeoe Vkek`votoe dn doco` Hkco}
Vkek`votoe `o}nej-`o}nej oeoh }kmoro tkvot ohoe `k`bozo hk{et{ejoe 7 ?% Bojn }n}zo ~ont{ `k`bkrnhoe vke~k}{onoe doe vk`kcnlorooe tkrlodov haedn}n nednynd{oc }n}zo 2% Bojn j{r{ dkejoe vkek`votoe ~oej tkvot `kegodn ckbnl `{dol `kejjkrohhoe doe `kejk`boejhoe }k`oejot bkcogor }n}zo% Vkr{boloe vkek`votoe }ktnov hocn dovot dncoh{hoe {et{h `kemovon `oeioot ~oej }ktnejjn-tnejjne~o dorn vkco~oeoe tk`vot nt{% Loc-loc ~oej vot{t `kedovot vkrlotnoe hl{}{} odocol 7 o% Goejoe }o`von vkek`votoe vodo }karoej `{rnd vodo }{ot{ tk`vot `kr{vohoe l{h{`oe ~oej dntkrovhoe hkvodoe~o% b% ]kdovot-dovote~o oco} oe vkek`votoe `o}nej-`o}nej oeoh nt{ dnhktol{n doe dn}kt{g{n ackl }k`{o zorjo hkco}% b% Vkek`votoe doe Vke~oc{roe hk doco` Hkca`vah Bkcogor Vk`bket{hoe hkca`vah bkcogor `k`v{e~on d{o t{g{oe vahah% Vkrto`o# {et{h `k`bkrnhoe hk}k`votoe bojn }n}zo {et{h `og{ }k}{on dkejoe hk`o`v{oee~o `o}nej-`o}nej% Doco` }~}tk` nen }ktnov }n}zo `k`v{e~on hk}k`votoe {et{h `og{ }k}{on dkejoe hk`o`v{oe ~oej dn`ncnhne~o toevo lor{} `ke{ejj{ oto{ dndk}oh ackl }n}zo cone% Hkd{o# {et{h zodol bkcogor bkr}o`o% Doco` vkejkca`vahhoe nen dncoh{hoe tndoh `ke{r{t hk`o`v{oe }n}zo `kconehoe dncoh{ohoe }kdk`nhnoe r{vo }klnejjo dn doco`e }{ot{ hkca`vah bkcogor ohoe tkrdovot }n}zo-}n}zo ~oej hk`o`v{oee~o voedon# }kdoej doe h{roej% m% Vkek`votoe doe Vke~oc{roe hkodoco` Hkjnotoe Ha!Kh}tro H{rnh{ckr ]ocol }ot{ mnrn ~oej `keaegac dorn hkjnotoe kh}tro!ha h{rnh{ckr odocol hkoekhorojo`oee~o `{con dorn `k`o}oh }o`von `{}nh# dorn vkej{`v{coe vkroejha }o`von dkejoe vkr`oneoe lahn% Lo`vnr }k`{o `neot rk`ogo dovot dnj{eohoe }kbojn bojnoe dornn hkjnotoe kh}tro!ha h{rnh{ckr% d% Vkek`votoe doe Vke~oc{roe hk G{r{}oe!Vrajro` ]t{dn ]ktnov ozoc tol{e ogoroe boe~oh }n}zo ]@O ~oej `kejlodovn `o}ocol –g{r{r}oe vrajro` ovo ~oej }kbonhe~o }o~o nh{tn‐% Tkrlodov
}n}zo-}n}zo ~oej }kvkrtn nen vkrc{ dnbkrnhoe boet{oe ojor `krkho dovot `k`b{ot rkemoeo-rkemoeo doe `kejo`bnc hkv{t{}oe }kmoro bngoh}oeo% [}olo vk`bkrnoe boet{oe }kvkrtn ~oej dno`h}{d dn oto} dnozocn dkejoe `keo~ognhoe neiar`o}n vkedndnhoe doe gobotoe ~oej m{h{v c{o}% Neia`o}n nt{# lkedohe~o dovot `kejorolhoe }n}zo {et{h `k`olo`n tn{g{oe#
n}n
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hkrgo ~oej dn`oh}{d%
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Co~oeoe vkek`votoe doe vke~oc{roe bket{h vocnej e~oto dorn bkrbojon i{ej}n vk`kcnlorooe doe vkejk`boejoe doco` }kjoco vkco~oeoe bn`bnejoe doe hae}kcnej% Dkejoe co~oeoe doe tkr}kb{t nednynd{ dnvkcnloro haedn}ne~o }o`bnc dn }oeo }nen dnvkrbonhn haedn}n ~oej h{roe `k`{ejhnehoe% D% Co~oeoe Bn`bnejoe Bkcogor
?% Vkejkeocoe ]n}zo ~oej @kejoco`n @o}ocol Bk}or @o}ocol bkcogor `k`ncnhn bket{h ~oej boe~oh rojo`e~o# ~oej vodo {`{`e~o dovot dn jaca`jhoee~o oto} 7 o% hktkrmkvotoe doco` bkcogor b% hktkrco`botoeo ohodk`nh m% }oejot co`bot doco` bkcogor d% h{roej `atnyo}n doco` bkcogor k% bkr}nhov doe bkrhkbno}ooe b{r{h doco` bkcogor% ]n}zo ~oej `kejoco`n `o}col doco` bkcogor }kvkrtn tkr}kb{t dn oto} dovot dnhkeocn `kcoc{n vra}k} vkej{ejhovoe `kcoc{n 7 Tk} Lo}nc Bkcogor Tk} lo}nc bkcogor odocol }{ot{ ocot ~oej dn}{}{e {et{h `kej{ejhovhoe }kgo{l `oeo }n}zo tkcol `kemovon t{g{oe-t{g{oe vvkejogoroe ~oej dntktovhoe }kbkc{`e~o% ]n}zo-}n}zo dnhotohoe tkcol `kemovon t{g{oe vkejogoroe ovobnco no tkcol `kej{o}on }kbojnoe bk}or `otkrn ~oej bkrl{b{ejoe dkejoe t{g{oe vkejogoroe ~oej tkcol dn tktovhoe% Tk} Hk`o`v{oe Do}or ]ktnov }n}zo `k`ncnhn hk`o`v{oe do}or oto{ netkcnjke}nn tkrtket{% Tnejhot `hk`o`v{oe
do}or
bno}oe~o
dn{h{r
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dn{ejhovhoe
dkejoe
]nhov doe hkbno}oooe bkcogor `kr{vohoe }ocol }ot{ iomtar vketnej doco` bkcogor% ]kbojnoe dorn }nhov doe hkbno}ooe }n}zo bkcogor nt{ dovot dnhktol{n dkejoe `kejodohoe vkejo`otoe doco` hkco}% Tk} Dnojea}tnh Tk} dnojea}tnh `kr{vohoe ne}tr{`ket {et{h `kej{ejhovhoe odoe~o hk}ocoloe-hk}ocoloe ~oej dnoco`n ackl }n}zo doco` bndoej vcogoroe tkrtkett{% Oeocn}n} Lo}nc Bkcogor oto{ Hor~o Oeocn}n} lo}nc bkcogor oto{ hor~o `kr{vohoe bket{h cone dorn tk} dnojea}tnm% T{g{oee~o }o`o# ~ont{ `kej{ejhovhoe hk}ocoloe-hk}ocoloe hk}ocoloe-hk}oc oloe ~oej dn oco`n }n}zo doco` `oto vakcogoroe tkrtket{% Oeocn}n} lo}nc bkcogor `kr{vohoe vra}kd{r ~oej vkcoh}oeooee~o dn{coh{hoe dkejoe moro `k`krnh}o }kmoro coej}{ej `otkrn lo}nc bkcogor ~oej dnto`vnchoe }n}zo% 2% [vo~o @k`boet{ ]n}zo ~oej @kejoco`n @o}ocol Bkcogor% o% Vkejogoroe Vkrbonhoe Vkejogoroe vkrbonhoe `kr{vohoe }{ot{ bket{h boet{oe ~oej dnbkrnhoe hkvodo }karoej oto{ }khkca`vah }n}zo ~oej `kejlodovn `o}ocol bkcogor dkejoe `oh}{d {et{h `k`vkrbonhn hk}ocoloe doco` vra}k} dob lo}nc bkcogor% Vkejogoroe vkrbonhoee }niote~o ckbnl hl{}{}# horkeo boloe# `ktadk doe vkcoh}oeooee~o dn}k}{onhoe dkejoe gken}# }niot doe cotor bkcohoej `o}ocol ~oej dnlodovn }n}zo% b% Hkjnotoe Vkejo~ooe Hkjnotoe vkejo~ooe dnbkrnhoe hkvodo oeoh ~oej `k`ncnhn hkmkvotoe ~oej ckbnl doco` bkcogor% @o}ocol ~oej ohoe `{em{c tkrcktoh vodo hk`{ejhneoe do`voh ~oej tn`b{c }kbojon ohnbot dorn hkmkvotoe bkcogor ~oej tnejjn nt{% Do`vohe~o dovot va}ntni oto{ ekjotnyk% m% Vkenejhotoe @atnyo}n Bkcogor
Oco}oe `kejovo }n}zo bkcogor }oejot bkr}niot }{bgkhtni% Oco}oe nt{ `kr{vohoe loc-loc ~oej `kedaraej ,`atni }n}zo. }n}zo {et{h bkcogor% J{r{ hae}kcar doe }toi }khacol conee~o bkrhkzognboe `k`boet{ }n}zo `kenejhothoe `arnyo}ne~o doco` bkcogor dkejoe 7 ?% `k`vkrgkco} t{g{oe bkcogor 2% `ke~k}{onhoe vkejogoroe dkejoe bohot# hk`o`v{oe doe `neot }n}zo =% `kemnvtohoe }{o}oeo vk`bkcogoroe ~oej `keoetoej# `kroej}oej doe `ke~keoejhoe% 4% `k`bkrnhoe lodnol doe l{h{`oe bnco vkrc{% ;% `kemnvtohoe }{o}oeo }k}{on vk`bkcogoroe ~oej loejot doe dneo`n} oetoro j{r{ doe `{rnd# }krto oetoro `{rnd doe `{rnd% 9% `kejlnedorn tkhoeoe-tkhoeoe doe }{o}oeo ~oej tndoh `keket{ :% `kckejhovn }{`bkr doe vkrocotoe bkcogor% d% Vkejk`boejoe }nhov doe hkbno}ooe bkcogor ~oej bonh ]kbojnoe }n}zo `k`krc{hoe boet{oe {et{h `o`v{ `kcnlot }kmoro hrntn} }nhov-}nhov doe hkbno}ooe-hkbno}ooe bkcogor ~oej `krkho `ncnhn% ]n}zo lkedohe~o dn daraej {et{h `kenego{ hkbno}ooee~o doco` l{b{ejoee~o dkejoe vrne}nv-vrne}nv bkcogor% ]n}zo lkedohcol dnboet{ doco` loc nen 7 ?% `kek`{hoe `atni-`atni ~oej mkvot doco` bkcogor 2% `k`kcnloro haedn}n hk}klotoe ~oej bonh =% `kejot{r zoht{ bkcogor bonh dn }khacol `o{v{e dn r{`ol% 4% `k`ncnl tk`vot bkcogor ~oej bonh% ;% bkcogor dkejoe `kejj{eohoe }{`bkr bkcogor ~oej ho~o% 9% `k`bomo }kmoro bonh doe }k}{on dkejoe hkb{t{loe :% tndoh }kjoe-}}kjoe bkrtoe~o `kejkeoon loc-loc ~oej tndoh dn hktol{n hkvodo tk`oe# j{r{ oto{ }novov{e g{o%
K% Co~oeoe Hae}kcnej Vkraroejoe
Hae}kcnej `kr{vohoe co~oeoe netn ~oej vkcoh}oeooee~o `k`{ot vkr}~orotoe doe `{t{ {}olo ~oej bkeor-bkeor tnejjn% Ovobnco }karoej hae}kcar tkcol `kej{}o}on dkejoe }kbonh-bonhe~o ovo# `kejovo doe bojon`oe vkco~oeoe hae}kcnej nt{ `oho dovot dnlorovhoe no ohoe dovot `ke~kckejjorohoe co~oeoe bn`bnejoe conee~o dkejoe tndoh `kejoco`n boe~oh hk}{cntoe% ?% Co~oeoe Hae}kcnej Dn}kckejjorohoe ]kmoro –Rk}`n‐ Hae}kcnej `kr{vohoe co~oeoe ~oej tkrot{r# tkrorol doe tkrhaetrac }krto tndoh dn }kckejjrohoe }kmoro omoh oto{v{e }kodoe~o% @{era dhh% ,?>:>. `kejk`{hohoe tnjo do}or ktnho hae}kcnej# ~ont{ ,o. hkrolo}}nooe# ,b. hktkrb{hooe# doe ,m. toejj{ej gozob vrnbodn hcnke% ]niot rk}`n co~oeoe hae}kcnej dn toedon dkejoe odoe~o mnrn-mnrn ~oej `kckhot vodo vkcoh}oeooe co~oeoe nt{# ~ont{ bolzo 7 o% co~oeoe nt{ `kr{vohoe {}olo ~oej dn}kejogo% b% T{g{oe co~oeoe tndoh backl cone dornvodo {et{h hkvketnejoe doe hkbolojnooe hcnke% m% Hkjnotoe vkco~oeoe dn}kckejjorohoe doco` iar`ot ~oej tkcol dn tktovhoe% d% @ktadk doe tkheacajn doco` co~oeoe bkrdo}orhoe tkarn ~oej tkcol tkr{gn% k% Lo}nc co~oeoe dnencon doe dnbkrn tnedoh coeg{t% Iar`ot hae}kcnej `kcnv{tn tkr{tro`o goroh# orol doe }nhov d{d{h hae}kcar doeh cnke# }krto totov `{ho oto{ haetoh `oto oetoro hcnke doe hae}kcar% Iar`ot }toedor nocol hae}kcar doeh cnke d{d{h bkrlodov-lodovoe8 hae}kcar d{d{h dkejoe }nhov }k`v{reo# vnejjoej hkh{r}n8 doe zogol hae}kcar `keotov hcnke toevo voedoej oetoro hcnke doe hae}kcar 2% Vkejketo}oe @o}ocol @kcoc{n Hae}kcnej
Coejhol-coejhol {`{` {vo~o vkejketo}oe `oco}ol `kcoc{n hae}kcnej vodo do}ore~o odocol 7 ?% vk`olo`oe `o}ocol 2% oeocn}n} }kbob-}kbob tn`b{ce~o `o}ocol% =% ovcnho}n `adk hl{}{}% 4% kyoc{o}n tnedoh coe{g{t% Vk`olo`oe `o}ocol ackl hcnke lor{} bkeor-bkeor vkr}n} }o`o dkejoe vk`olo`oe hae}kcare~o doe abgkhtni }kbojon`oeo odoe~o `o}ocol nt{% [vo~o vk`olo`oe `o}ocol nt{ bno}oe~o dncoh{hoe dkeoe hae}kcnej% [}olo vk`olo`oe `o}ocol hcnke bno}oe~o tkrhont coej}{ej dkejoe hognoe tketoej }{`bkr vke~kbob `o}ocol nt{% Dkejoe `kejhogn }kbob-}kbob tn`b{ce~o `o}ocol# hcnke doe hae}kcar `k`vkrackl vk`olo`oe ~oej ckbnl ckejhov doe `edoco` tketoej `o}ocol hcnke% L{b{ejoe hae}kcnej odocol l{b{ejoe vrnbodn ~oej tkrb{ho doe dneo`n} oetoro hcnke doe hae}kcar% L{b{ejoe nen dntoedon dkejoe hkloejotoe# hkbkbo}oe doe }{o}oeo ~oej `k`vkrhkeoehoe hcnke `keo`vnchoe dnrn }kbojon`oeo odoe~o% Doco` vra}k} hae}kcnej tndoh odo hoto-hoto }kvkrtn –oedo }ocol# –lor{} bkjnn oto{ bkjnt{‐# oto{ hoto-hoto hoto-hoto ~oej `kemk`aal% ]ktnov hoto ~oej dncoemorhoe doe dn c{em{rhoe ackl hae}kcar lkedohe~o bkeor-bkeor tkvot doe bkeor-bkeor `kejkeon vkr`o}ocoloee~o# dovot `kejj{jol lotn }krto vnhnroe hcnke% Ovobnco lotn doe vnhnroe hcnke dovot dnj{jol bk}orcol lorovoe hkh{otoe ~oej odo doco` dnrn hcnke tkrboejhnthoe {et{h `kejketo}hoe `o}ocol ~oej dnoco`ne~o% Tkrvolo`ne~o `o}ocol hcnke dkejoe ebonh }krto tkrj{jole~o lotn doe vnhnroe hcnke bkc{` tket{ }krto `krkho `k`b{olhooe lo}nc tkrvkmolhoee~{o `o}ocol% Vra}k} hae}kcnej `o}nl vkrc{ dncoeg{thoe dkejoe vkekrovoe `ktadk hl{}{} }k}{on dkejoe rnemnoe `o}ocol doe }{`bkr }{`bkr vke~kbobe~o%
Hkjnotoe kyoc{o}n dnt{g{hoe {et{h `kencon hk`oejh{}oe vra}k} hae}kcnej vodo {`{`e~o doe hl{}{}e~o {et{h `kcnlot }o`von bkrovo go{l `o}ocol hcnke tkrketo}hoe# doe {et{h `kejktol{n hkkikhtnioe `ktadk hl{}{} ~oej dnvoho% D{o vkedkhotoe vkenconoe dovot dntk`v{l # ~ont{ vkenconoe doco` vra}k} doe vkenconoe vo}mo vra}k}% =% Tolov-tolov Hkkikhtnioe Vkejketo}oe @o}ocol @kcoc{n Hae}kcnej Tolov vkrto`o dn`{con hktnho hcnke `ke~odorn bolzo dnrne~o `kejoco`n `o}ocol% Hk}odoroe bolzo nednynd{ `k`krc{hoe boet{oe aroej cone nt{col ~oej `kr{vohoe tolov hkkikhtnioe ~oej hkd{o% Doe ~oej hktnjo ~ont{ `kemorn aroej-aroej ~oej bkeor-bkeor `o`v{ doe bkrtoejj{ej gozob doco` `k`boet{ vk`kmoloe `o}ocol hcnke nt{% Hkohtnioe hcnke nencol ~oej g{}tr{ `keket{hoe tolov hkk`vot doe ~oej tkrohlnr `k`ejom{ vodo vkrtoe~ooe `kejkeon ov hol hae}kcnej nt{ tkcol `k`bkrnhoe lo}nc ~oej bkeor-bkeor
kikhtni%
Hkcn`o
tolov
hkkikhtnioe
hae}kcnej
nt{
dovot
dnjo`borhoe `kcoc{n dnojro` }kbojon bkrnh{t% Vo hae}kcnej
Vortn}nvo}n ohtni doco` vra}k} boet{oe hae}kcnej
[}olo `kemorn boet{oe
Hk}odoroe ohoe vkrc{e~o boet{oe aroej cone
Hk}odoroe doe vk`olo`oe `o}ocol
nednynd{
4% Vkedkhotoe doe Tkarn Hae}kcnej o% hae}kcnej dnrkhtni hae}kcnej dnrkhtni g{jo dn}kb{ t –hae}kcnej hcnen}‐% Vkedkhotoe nen dn vkcavarn ackl K%J Znccno`}ae doe G%J dorck~ ~oej bkro}{`}n do}or bolzo hcnke tndoh `o`v{ `kejoto}n }kednrn `o}ocol ~oej dnlodovne~o% Horkeo nt{ hcnke `k`b{t{lhoe boet{oe dorn aroej cone # ~ont{ hae}kcar% Doco` hae}kcnej dnrkhtni hcnke bkr}niot vo}ni doe ~oej ohtni odocol hae}kcar% Hae}kcnej dnrkhtni bkrcoej}{ej `ke{r{t coejhol-coejhol {`{` }kbojon bkrnh{t 7 ?% oeocn}n} doto tketoej hcnke 2% vkejjob{ejoe
doto
{et{h
`kejkeocn
hkh{otoe-hkh{otoe
doe
hkck`oloe-hkck`oloe hcnke% =% dnojea}n} `o}ocol 4% Dnojea}n} oto{ vrkdnh}n trketoej vkrhk`boejoe `o}ocol }kcoeg{te~o% ;% vk`kmoloe `o}ocol% 9% tnedoh coeg{t doe vkenego{oekcn{e lo}nc-lo}nc hae}kcnej b% Hae}kcnej Eae-Dnrkhtni Hae}kcnej eae-dnrkhtni eae- dnrkhtni }krnej dn}kb{t g{jo –hcnke mketkrkd tlkrov~‐% Vkedkhotoe nen bkro}{`}n do}or bolzo }k}karoej ~oej `k`v{e~on `o}ocol vodo do}ore~o tktov `k`ncnhn vatke}n doe `o`v{ `kejoto}n `o}ocole~o }kednrn% ]k}{on dkejoe tkarn ~oej `kedo}orne~o# ~ont{ tkarn Raajkr} tketoej lohnhot `oe{}no doe tnejhol coh{e~o# vkedkhotoe hae}kcnej eae-dnrkhtni }krnej g{jo dn}kb{t vkedkhotoe hae}kcnej ~oej bkrocnroe l{`oen}tnm ortne~o `kekhoehoe vketneje~o vkejk`boejoe vatke}n doe hk`o`v{oe ~oej }kmoro lohnhn odo vodo }ktnov nednynd{% m% Hae}kcnej Kckhtrnh
Hae}kcnej
dnrkhtni
doe
hae}kcnej
eae-dnrkhtni
`kr{vohoe
d{o
vkedkhtoe ~oej o`ot bkrbkdo% @o}nej-`o}nej bkrdnrn vodo d{o h{t{b ~oej bkrcozoeoe# ovobnco h{t{b ~oej }ot{ dntornh jorn} hkh{t{b ~oej cone `oho ohoe tkrbket{hcol jorn} haetne{`# ~ont{ jorn} haetne{` hae}kcnej dnrkhtni doe eae-dnrkhtni% ]ktnov vkedkhotoe oto{ tkarn nt{ `kejoed{ej hkh{otoe
doe
hkck`oloe#
doco`
hke~otooe
vrohtkh
hae}kcnelj
`ke{eg{hhoe bolzo tndoh }k`{o `o}ocol dovot dn keto}hoe }kmoro bonh loe~o dkejoe }ot{ vkedkhotoe oto{ tkarn }ogo% Odo `o}ocol ~oej ckbnl mamah dnoto}n dkejoe vkedkhotoe dnrkhtni doe odo v{co ~oej ckbnl mamah dkejoe vkedkhotoe eaea-dnrkhtni oto{ dkejoe tkarn hl{}{} tkrtket{% Vkedkhotoe oto{ tkarn `oeo ~oej mamac dnj{eohoe }oejot dntket{hoe ackl bkbkrovo iomtar oetoro cone 7 ?% }niot `o}ocol ~oej dnlodovn 2% Hk`o`v{oe hcnke doco` `k`onehoe vkroeoe doco` vra}k} hae}kcnej% =% hk`o`v{oe hae}kcar }kednrn% ;% Hae}kcnej dn Cnejh{ejoe Hkrgo ~oej Bkrbkdo o% Hae}kcnej dn }khacol Do}or Hke~otooe bolzo oeoh-oeoh ]D `kr{vohoe }{bgkh }o}oroe co~oeoe
~oej `o}nl o`ot `{do `k`bozo hae}kh{ke}n bolzo hae}kcar lor{} `ke~k}{onhoe
}kjkeov
hk`o`v{oee~o
doco`
hae}kcnej
tkrlodov
haedn}nvkrhk`boejoe oeoh-oeoh tkr}kb{t% [et{h }o}oroe co~oeoe dn ]D vkrc{ dnborkejn dkejoe vra}kd{r vke{egoej }kvkrtn vkr`oneoe# baekho# mkrnto
doe
vra}kd{r`kdno
`kejkh}vrk}nhoe
dnrn
conee~o
`krkho
ojor
}kednrn%
oeoh-
Vkenejhotoe
oeoh
`o`v{
hktkro`vncoe
bkrha`{enho}n# }nhov doe vkrcoh{oe aroej t{o tkrlodov oeoh-oeoh `kr{vohoe co~oeoe vahah ~oej g{}tr{ ckbnl `kedo}or dornvodo co~oeoe hae}kcnej doco` ortn hae}{cto}n oetoro hae}kcar doe hcnke %
doco` bket{h l{b{ejoe totov `{ho
Loc cone cojn ~oej vkrc{ `kedovot vkrlotnoe vkrlotnoe hae}kcar nocol bojon`oeo `kedaraej oeoh-oeoh {et{h dotoej hkvodo hae}kcar {et{h `k`vkrackl co~oeoe bn`bnejoe% E{jket ,?>
vkroeoe
aroej
t{o
}kmoro
coej}{ej
g{jo
`k`v{e~on
vk`olo`oe ~oej voconej ckejhov tketoej oeoh% Aroej t{o vkrc{ dnbkrn vk`olo`oe
tketoej
i{ej}n
hae}kcar
doe
co~oeoe
~oej
dovot
dnbkrnhoee~o% b% Hae}kcnej dn }khacol @kekejol Boe~oh jkgacoh `keoeodon `o}o vkrhk`boejoe rk`ogo% Hae}kcar dn
}khacol `kekejol dnt{et{t {et{h `k`olo`n bkrbojon bket{he~o dovot dnvohon tkrlodov voro vk`{do% Hklodnroe hae}kcar coej}{ej dn lodovne voro }n}zo# dn}krton dkejoe neiar`o}n ~oej tkvot doe `oetov tketoej i{ej}n hae}kcar doe vkco~oeoe bn`bnejoe doe hae}kcnej vodo {`{`e~o# ohoe }oejot `k`boet{ vkenejhotoe vk`oeiootoe co~oeoe hae}kcnej ackl voro }n}zo% m% Hae}kcnej dn vkrj{r{oe Tnejjn Voro `olo}n}zo }{dol bkrodo vodo boto} oeotoro – lnd{v tkrjoet{ej
vodo aroej t{o‐ doe –lnd{v bkbo} doe `oednrn‐% Dn }o`vnej nt{# vra}k} vk`bkcogoroe dn vkrj{r{oe tnejjn ckbnl bkryorno}n doe `ke{et{t hk`oednrnoe `olo}n}zo% @o}ocol-`o}ocol ~oej `{em{c# ~ont{ `o}ocol`o}ocol }amnoc# vkedndnhoe# vkhkrgooe doe `o}ocol vrnbodn dnrn }kednrn boe~oh ~oej dnzoreon ackl haedn}n ohodk`nh vkrj{r{oe tnejjn doe t{et{toe hk`oednrnoe% Vk`o}~orohotoe vkco~oeoe bn`bnejoe doe hae}kcnej doe vkroeoe hae}kcar ckbnl vkrc{ dnvkrc{o} `kcoc{n bkrbojon `kdno ~oej odo dn ho`v{}% [ent vkco~oeoe bn`bnejoe doe hae}kcnej ~oej odo vkrc{ bkhkrgo }o`o dkejoe {ent-{ent ~oej coej}{ej bkrl{b{ejoe dkejoe `olo}n}zo%
d% Hae}kcnej dn @o}~orohot Hae}kcar ~oej bkhkrgo dn `o}~orohot }kmoro vatke}noc ohoe `kco~oen
hcnke {et{h }k`{o {`{r# tndoh dovot bkhkrgo }kednrn8 eo`{e bkhkrgo doco` tn` ~oej `o}nej-`o}nej oejjatoe~o `kejhl{}{}hoe dnrn vodo vkeoejoeoe ho}{}-ho}{} tkrtket{% I% Co~oeoe Bn`bnejoe doe Hae}kcnej Hkca`vah
Hk{ejj{coe ~oej dnbkrnhoe ackl co~oeoe hkca`vah b{hoe loe~o `ke~oejh{t o}vkh khaea`n!kin}nke}n% Doco` co~oeoe hkca`vah netkroh}n oetornednynd{ oejjato hkca`vah `kr{vohoe }{ot{ ~oej hlo}# ~oej tndoh `{ejhne tkrgodn vodo hae}kcnej vkraroejoe% Dkejoe netkroh}n }a}noc ~oej netke}ni doe dneo`n} }kco`o bkrcoej}{eje~o co~oeoe# dnlorovhoe t{g{oe-t{g{oe co~oeoe , ~oej }kgogor dkejoe hkb{t{loe-hkb{t{loe nednynd{ oejjato hkca`vah. dovot tkrmovon ckbnl `oetov% ]kcone nt{# horkeo voro oejjato hkca`vah doco` netkroh}n `krkho `k`bozohoe haedn}n vrnbodne~o# }kbojon`oe `krkho `o}nej-`o}nej to`vnchoe doco` hklnd{voe }klorn-lorn# `oho dneo`nho hkca`vah ~oej tkrgodn dn doco` hkca`vah nt{ `kemkr`nehoe }{o}oeo hklnd{voe e~oto ~oej dovot dng{`von dn `o}~orohot }kmoro c{o}% Hae}kcnej hkca`vah g{jo dovot `kegodn znco~ol vkegojooe ozc bojn ,mocae. hcnke {et{h `k`o}{hn co~oeoe hae}kcnej vkraroejoe% ?% Mnrn-Mnrn Hkca`vah @k}hnv{e }{ot{ hkca`vah tkrdnrn dorn }kg{`col aroej# tktovn hkca`vah b{hoe }khkdor h{`v{coe }kg{`col aroej% ]kg{`col aroej ~oej# tktovn hkca`vah b{hoe }khkdor h{`v{coe }kg{`col aroej% ]kg{`col aroej ~oej bkrh{`v{c nt{ bor{ `kr{vohoe –coloe‐ bojn tkrbket{he~o hkca`vah% Bkbkrovo {e}{rk vkrc{ dnto`bolhoe ovobnco h{`v{coe }kg{`col aroej nt{ lkedoh `kegodn }kb{ol hkca`vah% [e}{r-{e}{r tkr}kb{t `ke~oejh{t t{g{oe# hkoejjatooe# doe hkvk`n`vneoe }krto ot{roe ~oej dnnh{tn% ]kh{`v{coe aroej ohoe `kegodn hkca`vah hoco{ `krkho `k`v{e~on t{g{oe bkr}o`o% Hkoejjatooe }{ot{ hkca`vah g{}tr{ dntket{hoe ackl hktkrnhotoe nednynd{ ~oej bkr}oejh{toe vodo t{g{oe ~oej dn`oh}{dhoe% Dkejoe dk`nhnoe# toedo hkoejjatooe doco` doco` hkca`vah odocol ro}o hkbkr}o`ooe ~oej dnnhot dkejoe t{g{oe ~oej }ot{ nt{% Hkbkr}o`ooe doco` hkca`vah ckbnl coeg{t dnnhot dkejoe odoe~o vk`n`ane hkca`vah~oej bkrt{jo} `k`vkr}ot{hoe }kc{r{l oejjato hkca`vah# {et{h `kcoh{hoe hkjnotoe bkr}o`o# {et{h `kemovon t{g{oe bkr}o`o%
]kcoeg{te~o# hkca`vah ~oej }{dol `k`ncnhn t{g{oe# oejjato doe vk`n`vne nt{ tndohcol ckejhov ovbnco bkc{` `k`ncn ot{roe doco` `kcoh}oeohoe hkjnotoe-hkjnotoee~o% ]{ot{ hkca`vah `k`b{t{lhoe ot{roe# encon-encon# oto{ vkda`oe ~oej `k`{ejhnehoe }kc{r{l oejjato bkrtnedoh doe `kejorolhoe dnrn bojn vkemovonoe t{g{oe-t{g{oe ~oej `krkho hklkedohn% @ke{r{t g{`col oejjatoe~o dnhkeoc odoe~o hkca`vah d{o, ~oej tkrdnrn dorn d{o aroej.# hkca`vah tnjo# doe }ktkr{}e~o8 hkca`vah hkmnc ,bkroejjato 2-; aroej.# hkca`vah}kdoej,9 -?; aroej.# hkca`vah ojoh bk}or ,?9-2; aroej.# hkca`vah` bk}or ,29 - 46 aroej. doe }ktkr{}e~o }o`von dkejoe hkca`vah –roh}o}o‐% @ke{r{t }niot vk`bket{hoee~o dnhkeoc odoe~o hkca`vah vrn`kr ,`n}oce~o }ot{oe hkc{orjo. doe hkca`vah }kh{edkr# ~ont{ hkca`vah ~oej dnbket{h }kmoro }kejogo {et{h t{g{oe t{g{oe tkrtket{ ,`n}oce~o hkca`vah bkcogor# hkca`vah `{rnd doco` }ot{ hkco}.% 2% Bn`bnejoe Hkca`vah
Bn`bnejoe hkca`vah odocol co~oeoe bn`bnejoe ~oej dnbkrnhoe doco` }{o}oeo hkca`vah% Jowdo ,?>:<. `kejk`{h}ohoe bolzo bn`bnejoe hkca`vah dn }khacol `kr{vohoe hkjnotoe neiar`o}n hkvodo }khkca`vah }n}zo {et{h `k`boet{ `krkho `ke~{}{e rkemoeo doe hkv{t{}oe ~oej tkvot% Bkbkrovo loc ~oej `ke{eg{hhoe la`ajkento} doco` hkca`vah`}kbojon bkrnh{t7 Vkrto`o# bn`bnejoe hkca`vah voro oejjato hkca`vah la`ajke ,}n}zo}n}zo }ot{ hkco} oto{ }ot{ tnejhot hkco} ~oej }o`o.% Hkd{o#‐`o}ocol‐ ~oej dnoco`n ackl }k`{o oejjato hkca`vah odocol }o`o# ~ont{ `k`krc{hoe neiar`o}n ~oejohoe dn}ognhoe nt{% Hktnjo# tnedoh coeg{t dorn dntkrn`oe~o neiar`o}n nt{ g{jo }o`o# ~ont{ {et{h `ke~{}{e rkemoeo doe `k`b{ot hkv{t{}oe% Hkk`vot# rkoh}n oto{ hkjnotoe ~oej dncoh{hoeackl voro oejjato doco` vra}k} vk`bkrnoe neiar`o}n ,doe tnedoh coeg{te~o. }kmoro rkcotnyk }o`o ,}kvkrtn `kedkejorhoe# `kemotot# bkrtoe~o.% =% Hae}kcnej Hkca`vah Co~oeoe hae}kcnej hkca`vah vodo do}ore~o odocol co~oeoe hae}kcnej vkraroejoe ~oej dncoh}oeohoe dn doco` }{o}oeo hkca`vah% Dn }oeo o}do hae}kcar ,~oej g{`cole~o `{ejhne ckbnl dorn }karoej. doe odo hcnke# ~ont{ voro oejjato hkca`vah ,~oej g{`cole~o vocnej h{roej d{o aroej.% Dn }oeo tkrgodn l{b{ejoe hae}kcnej doco` }{o}oeo ~oej dn{}olohoe }o`o }kvkrtn doco` hae}kcnej vkraroejoe# ~ont{ loejot# tkrb{ho# vkr`n}ni doe vke{l hkohroboe% G{jo odo vkej{ejhovoe doe vk`olo`oe `o}ocol hcnke#
vkekc{}{roe }kbob-}kbob tn`b{ce~o `o}ocol# {vo~o vk`kmoloe `o}ocol ,gnho vkrc{ dkejoe `kekrovohoe `ktadk-`ktadk hl{}{}.# hkjnotoe kyoc{o}n doe tnedoh coeg{t% ]ot{ loc ~oej vocnej vaha ~oej `k`bkdohoe hae}kcnej hkca`vah doe hae}kcnej vkraroejoe odocoldneo`nho netkroh}n }a}noc ~oej dovotbkrhk`boej dkejoe netke}ni doco` }{o}oeo hkca`vah ~oej g{}tr{ tndoh dovot dng{`von doco` hae}kcnej vkraroejoe% Dn }nt{col hk{eej{coe hae}kcnej hkca`vah% Vra}k} vkejketo}oe `o}ocol nednynd{ doco` hae}kcnej hkca`vah `kedovothoe dn`ke}n ~oej ckbnl c{o}% Hoco{ doco` hae}kcnej vkraroejoe hcnke loe~o `k`ktnh `oeioot dorn l{b{ejoee~o dkejoe hae}kcar }ogo# doco` hae}kcnej hkca`vah hcnke `k`vkrackl boloe-boloe bojn vkejk`boejoe dnrn doe vkejketo}oe `o}ocole~o bonh dorn hae}kcar `o{v{e rkhoe-rkhoe oejjato hkca`vah% @kejkeon haedn}n la`ajkekento} doe lktkrajkento} ~oej tkrdovot dn doco` hae}kcnej hkca`vah dovot dncnlot bolzo oejjato hkca`ah }kdovot-dovote~o la`ajke~# doco` ortn }k`{o oejjato dnlorovhoe dovot `ke~{`boejhoe }k}{ot{ doco` vkejk`boejoe dneo`nho netkroh}n }a}noc ~oej tkrgodn dn doco` hkca`vah% [et{h `k`o}{hn hae}kcnej hkca`vah voro oejjato oto{ hcnke vodo ozoce~o tndoh `k`krc{hoe vkr}novoe tkrtket{% @o}ocol ~oej ohoe `krkho bozo `o}nej-`o}nej hk doco` hkca`vah bk}or hk`{ejhneoe bkrbkdo-bkdo8 oto{ bolhoe odo dn oetor `krkho ~oej `ke{r{t hotkjarn Bardne –tndoh bkr`o}ocol‐% @kejkeon `o}ocol ~oej dnbolo} doco` hae}kcnej hkca`vah# }kcone `o}ocol ~oej bkryorno}n }kvkrtn tkr}kb{t# hae}kcar dovot `kektovhoe ,`kcoc{n vkr}kt{g{oe voro oejjato hkca`vah. `o}ocl tkrtket{ ~oej ohoe dnbolo} doco` hkca`vah% ]ot{ loc ~oej vkrc{ `kedovot vkrlotnoe hl{}{}# nocol }niot n}n vk`bnmorooe doco` hae}kcnej hkca`vah% ]kbojon`oeo doco` hae}kcnej vkraroejoe# hae}kcnej hkca`vah `kejlkedohn ojor voro hcnke ,voro vk}krto. dovot `kej{ejhovohoe doe `kejk`{hohoe hkodooe dnrn `o}nej-`o}nej }kvke{le~o doe }ktkrb{ho `{ejhne%
Vkrbkdooe oetoro bn`bnejoe hkca`vah doe hae}kcnej hkca`vah# }bb7 @otrn| 4 Vkrboednejoe Oetoro Bn`bnejoe Hkca`vah doe Hae}kcnej Hkca`vah O}vkh
Bn`bnejoe Hkca`vah
?% G{`col oejjato
Tndoh
2% Haedn}n
doe
tkrcoc{
dnboto}n8
Hae}kcnej Hkca`vah Tkrboto} 7
dovot }o`von 96-<6 aroej
;-?6 aroej
Rkcotni la`ajke
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horotkrn}tnh oejjato
dovot v{co lktkrajke tkrboto}%
=% T{g{oe
~oej
nejne
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Vkej{o}ooe
neiar`o}n o% Vk`kmoloe `o}ocol
{et{h t{g{oe ~oej ckbnl b% Vkejk`boejoe c{o}
hk`o`v{oe ha`{enho}n doe netkroh}n }a}noc%
4% Vk`n`vne hkca`vah
Hae}kcar oto{ eoro}{`bkr
;% Vkroeoe oejjato
@kekrn`o neiar`o}n {et{h o% Bkrvortn}nvo}n doco` t{g{oe hkj{eooe tkrtket{
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dneo`nho netkroh}n }amnoc b% @ke~{`boej vkejketo}oe `o}ocol m% @ke~krov boloe {et{h
9% ]{o}oeo netkroh}n
o% @keacaej oto{ dnocaj tkrboto}
vk`kmoloe `o}ocol o% Netkroh}n `{ctnorol
b% Doejhoc
b% @kedoco` dkejoe `kcnbothoe o}vkh
:% ]niot n}n vk`bnmorooe
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k`a}naeoc
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J% Hkjnotoe Vke{egoej
Vkcoh}oeooe bkrbojon gken} co~oeoe bn`bnejoedoe hae}kcnej `k`krc{hoe }kg{`col hkjnotoe vke{goej% ?% Ne}tr{`keto}n Bn`bnejoe doe Hae}kcnej Ne}tr{`ke ~oej dn`oh}{dhoe nt{ odocol bkrbojon tk}# neyketarn# oejhkt doe iar`ot n}noe% ]kdoejhoe {et{h vk`olo`oe cnejh{ejoe ~oej –ckbnl c{o}‐ dovot dnj{eohoe bkrbojon bra}{r# ckoickt# }kckboroe# `adkc# maetal doe }kbojone~o% Odo bkbkrovo vkrtn`boejoe ~oej vkrc{ `kedovot vkrlotnoe voro hae}kcar doco` vkekrovoe ne}tr{`keto}n bn`bnejoe doe hae}kcnej% Oetoro cone7 ?.
Ne}tr{`ke ~oej dnvohon lor{}col lor{}col ~oej }olnl doe tkroedochoe%
2.
Vk`ohon ne}tr{`ke ,doco` loc nen hae}kcar. bkrtoejj{ej gozob oto} vk`ncnloe ne}tr{`ket ~oej ohoe dnvohon ,`n}oce~o tk}.# `aentarnej vkejod`nen}tro}noee~o
doe
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vkejntkrvrkto}noe
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Vk`ohonoe ne}tr{`ke# `n}oce~o# lor{} dnvkr}novhoe }kmoro `otoej# b{hoe loe~o vkr}novoe ne}tr{`kee~o }ogo# tktovn vkr}novoe hcnke ~oej ohoe `kejo`bnc tk} nt{%
4.
Vkrc{ dnnejot bolzo tk} oto{ n}tr{`ke ovo v{e loe~o `kr{vohoe }ocol }ot{ }{`bkr doco` roejho `k`olo`n nednynd{ }kmoro ckbnl c{o} doe doco`%
;.
Odo doe dnvkrj{eohoee~o bkrbojon ne}tr{`ke conee~o b{hoecol }~orot `{tcoh bojn vkcoh}oeooe vkco~oeoe bn`bnejoe doe hae}kcnej% Tk} doe bkrbojon ne}tr{`kent{ }khkdor ocot boet{% Ne}tr{`keto}n
bn`bnejoe
doe
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`kcnv{tn
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`kr{vohoe
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tnejhol coh{
}k}karoej doe `kejjo`borhoee~o doco` bket{h }hoco oejho oto{ hco}ninho}n tkrtket{ ,Mraeboml# ?>:6.% ]kmoro {`{` hkj{eooe bkrbojon tk} nt{ nocol `k`boet{ hae}kcar doco` 7 ?. @k`vkrackl do}or-do}or vkrtn`boejoe bkrhkeooe dkejoe bkrbojon `o}ocol nednynd{ ~oej dntk}# }kvkrtn `o}ocol vke~k}{onoe dkejoe cnejh{ejoe# `o}ocol vrk}to}n oto{ lo}nc bkcogor# `o}ocol vkek`votoe doe vke~oc{roe8 2. @k`olo`n }kbob-}kbob tkrgodne~o `o}ocol dnrn nednynd{8 =. @kejkeocn nednynd{ ,`n}oce~o }n}zo dn }khacol. ~oej `k`ncnhn hk`o`v{oe ~oej }oejot tnejjn doe }oejot rkedol ~oej `k`krc{hoe boet{oe hl{}{}8 4. @k`vkrackl
jo`boroe
tketoej
hkmohovoe#
hk`o`v{oe#
oto{
hktkro`vncoe }k}karoej nednynd{ doco` bndoej tkrtket{% b% Ne}tr{`ke Eae-Tk} Ne}tr{`ke eae-tk} `kcnv{tn bkrbojon vra}kd{r# }kvkrtn vkejo`otoe# zozoemoro#
mototoe
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2% Vke~kckejjorooe Ln`v{eoe Doto Doto ~oej vkrc{ dnh{`v{choe# dn}{}{e doe dnvkcnloro `kcnv{tn doto vrnbodn doe doto {`{`% Doto vrnbodn }n}zo dn }khacol# `n}oce~o7 ?.
Ndketnt} Vrnbodn
2.
Cotor bkcohoej r{`ol doe hkc{orjo
=.
Hk`o`v{oe `ketoc# bohot# doe haedn}n hkvrnbodnoe
4.
]kgorol vkedndnhoe# lo}nc bkcogor# encon-encon `oto vkcogoroe
;.
Lo}nc tk} dnojea}tnm
9.
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:.
Vkejoco`oe kh}tro h{rnh{ckr doe hkjnotoe dn c{or }khacol
<.
@neot doe mnto-mnto vkedndnhoe doe vkhkrgooe!gobotoe
>.
Vrk}to}n hl{}{} ~oej vkreol dnvkrackl Bkbkrovo
loc
vkrc{
`kedovothoe
vkrlotnoe
doco`
roejho
vke~kckejjorooe ln`v{eoe doto doe vk`oeiootoee~o }kmoro avtn`oc% ?.
@otrn ln`v{eoe doto ~oej bonh ,oh{rot doe ckejhov. }oejot bkrj{eo {et{h `k`bkrnhoe jo`boroe ~oej tkvot tketoej nednynd{%
2.
Doto tketoej nednynd{ }kcoc{ bkrto`bol# bkr{bol# bkrhk`boej# doe dneo`n}%
=.
Doto ~oej tkrh{`v{c dn}{}{e doco` iar`ot-iar`ot ~oej tkrot{r rovn `ke{r{t }n}tk` tkrtket{%
4.
Doto doco` ln`v{eoe doto nt{ vodo do}ore~o bkr}niot rolo}no%
;.
@kejnejothoe bolzo doto ~oej dnh{`v{choe m{h{v boe~oh# lor{} v{co dnto`bol doe dnh{roejn }k}{on dkejoe vkrhk`boejoe# cojn v{co vkejkc{oroe doto ,{et{h dnvohon. doe vk`o}{hoee~o hk`bocn `k`ohoe zoht{ ~oej m{h{v boe~oh# hae}kcar }krnej tkrgkboh ackl vkhkrgooe r{tne vke~kckejjorooe ln`v{eoe doto nt{% Doto {`{` # ~ont{ doto ~oej `ke~oejh{t bkrbojon neiar`o}n doe
bkrbojon loc tketoej –cnejh{ejoe ~oej ckbnl c{o}‐% Doto {`{` nen vodo {`{`e~o dnvohon {et{h co~oeoe arnketo}n doe neiar`o}n# vkek`votoe doe
vke~oc{roe% Vkej{`v{coe doto {`{` nt{ dovot dncoh{hoe vkejo`otoe# zozoemoro# oejhkt oto{v{e doitor n}noe% Doto tketoej bkrbojon o}vkh vkrhk`boejoe doe hklnd{voe }kg{`col }n}zo oto{ nednynd{ dn c{or }khacol dovot dn}kb{t doto hkca`vah%# `n}oce~o jo`boroe {`{` tketoej mnto-mnto vkedndnhoe doe gobotoe# `o}ocol-`o}ocol ~oej dnoco`n# vke~kboroe vrk}to}n bkcogor# }nhov doe hkbno}ooe bkcogor l{b{ejoe }a}noc oetor oejjato hkca`vah% =% Hkjnotoe Hl{}{} o% Haeikrke}n Ho}{} T{g{oe haeikrke}n ho}{} nocol {et{h7 ?. Dnvkrackl jo`boroe ~oej ckbnl gkco}# `kedoco` doe `ke~kc{r{l tketoej vkr`o}ocoloe }n}zo% 2. Tkrha`{enho}ne~o }kg{`col o}vkh vk`o}ocoloe hkvodo vnloh-vnloh ~oej bkrhkvketnejoe doe ~oej bkr}oejh{toe# }klnejjo vkeoejoeoe `o}ocol nt{ `kegodn ckbnl `{dol doe t{eto}% =. Tkrhaardneo}ne~o vkeoejoeoe `o}ocol ~oej dn`oh}{d }klnejjo {vo~o vkeoejoeoe nt{ ckbnl kikhtni doe kin}nke% b% H{eg{ejoe R{`ol Hkjnotoe h{eg{ejoe r{`ol doe g{jo vk`oejjncoe aroej t{o hk }khacol# }ktndoh-tndohe~o `k`ncnhn tnjo t{g{oe {to`o# ~ont{7 ?. @k`vkrackl doto to`boloe tketoej vkr`o}ocoloe }n}zo# hl{}{}e~o bkr}oejh{t vo{t dkejoe hkodooe r{`ol!aroej t{o# 2. @ke~o`vonhoe hkvodo aroej t{o tketoej vkr`o}ocoloe oeohe~o# =. @k`boej{e ha`nt`ke aroej t{o tkrlodov vkeoejoeoe `o}ocol oeohe~o% [et{h `ke~o`vonhoe t{g{oe ~oej `oeo v{e# }kbojnoe oto{ bkrtolov# doco` h{eg{ejoe r{`ol hae}kcar tkrckbnl dol{c{7 ?. @ke~o`vonhoe vkrc{e~o h{eg{ejoe r{`ol hkvodo }n}zo ~oej bkr}oejh{toe%
2. @ke~{}{e rkemoeo doe ojkedo ~oej haehrkt doe `ke~o`vonhoee~o hkvodo aroej t{o ~oej ohoe dnh{eg{ejn nt{% m% Ocnl Toejoe Hkjnotoe ocnl toejoe `kcnv{tn d{o goc{r# ~ont{ goc{r hkvodo hae}kcar doe goc{r dorn hae}kcar% Goc{r hkvodo hae}kcar# do` ortn hae}kcar `kekrn`o –hnrn`oe‐ hcnke dorn vnloh -vnloh -vnloh cone# }kvkrtn aroej t{o# hkvoco }khacol# j{r{# vnloh oto{ olcn cone ,`n}oce~o dahtkr# v}nhnotkr# v}nhacaj# hkvoco }{ot{ hoetar oto{ vkr{}olooe.% ]kdoejhoe goc{r hae}kcar# doco` ortn hae}kcar –`kejnrn`hoe‐ hcnke ~oej bkc{` t{eto} dn toejoen hkvodo olcn-olcn cone# }kvkrtn hae}kcar ~oej ckbnl }kenar# hae}kcar `k`bndoejn }vk}nocn}o}n tkrtket{# olcn-olcn cone ,`n}oce~o j{r{ bndoej }t{dn# v}nhacajn# v}nhnotkr# dahtkr.% Mar`nkr ) Bkreord ,?><2. `kejk`{hohoe bkbkrovo vrohtkh ~oej }ocol ~oej lkedohe~o tndoh dncoh{hoe hae}kcar doco` hkjnotoe olcn toejoe# ~ont{7 ,?. Hcnke tndoh dnbkrn octkreotnyk vncnloe hkvodo olcn `oeo no ohoe dnocnltoejoehoe# ,2. Hae}kcar `kejocnltoejoehoe hcnke hkvodo vnloh ~oej hkolcnoee~o dnroj{hoe# oto{ hkvodo olcn ~oej rkv{to}ne~o h{roej dnhkeoc# ,=. Hae}kcar `k`bnmorohoe vkr`o}ocoloe hcnke hkvodo mocae olcn tk`vot olcn tk`vot ocnl toejoe toevo vkr}kt{g{oe hcnke# ,4. Hae}kcar `ke~kb{thoe eo`o hcnke hkvodo mocae olcn tk`vot ocnl toejoe%
Vkco~oeoe bn`bnejoe doe hae}kcnej `kcnv{tn bkrbojon co~oeoe doe hkjnotoe vke{egoej ~oej }k`{oe~o nt{ lkedohe~o dncoh{ohe hae}kcar# hl{}{}e~o hae}kcar ~oej bkhkrgo vodo ck`bojo tkrtket{ ,`n}oce~o }khacol. dkejoe }kg{`col zorjo ck`bojo~oej `kegodn toejj{ej gozob vke{l hae}kcar }kbojon }o}oroe co~oeoe% Co~oeoe neiar`o}n o`ot dnb{t{lhoe ackl nednynd{-nednynd{ ~oej vkrc{ `k`vkrtn`boejhoe doe lkedoh `kejo`bnc hkv{t{}oe tketoejt }k}{ot{
,`n}oce~o vncnloe }khacol coeg{toe.# tktovn bkc{` `k`nchn vk`olo`oe ~oej m{h{v tketoej bkrbojon loc bkrhkeooe dkejoe ovo ~oej lkedoh dnv{t{}hoe nt{% Co~oeoe vkek`votoe doe vke~oc{roe boe~oh dncoh{hoe dn }khacol tkrlodov lo`vnr }k`{o }n}zo% Co~oeoe nen `kcnv{tn vkek`votoe }n}zo dn doco` hkco} # doco` hkca`vah bkcogor# doco` hkjnotoe ha!kh}troh{rnh{ckr# doe doco` g{r{}oe oto{ vrajro`~oej tkr}kdno dn }khacol% Vodo }n}zo ~oej `kejoco`n `o}ocol bkcogor# }kvkrtn hktkrco`botoe ohodk`nh# hktkrmkvotoe bkcogor# }oejot co`bot bkcogor# h{roej `atnyo}n bkcogor# }krto bkr}nhov doe bkrhkbno}ooe bkcogor b{r{h doco` bkcogor `k`krc{hoe bn`bnejoe bkcogor ~ont{ `kcoc{n vkejod`nen}tro}noe tk} lo}nc bkcogor# tk} hk`o`v{oe do}or# tk} dnojea}tnh# oeocn}n} lo}nc bkcogor oto{ hor~o# doe vkej{ejhovoe }nhov doe hkbno}ooe bkcogor oto{ hor~o# doe vkej{ejhovoe }nhov doe hkbno}ooe bkcogor% [vo~o vkeoejoeoe `o}ocol bkcogor nt{ dncoh{hoe dncoh{hoe `kcoc{n }kg{`col co~oeoe# oetoro cone vkejogoroe vkrbonhoe# hkjnotoe vkejo~ooe# vkenejhotoe `atnyo}n#}nhov doe hkbno}ooe bkcogor% Hae}kcnej vrajro` `kr{vohoe co~oeoe ~oej o`ot hlo}# ~ont{ ha`{enho}n coej}{ej totov `{ho oetoro hcnke doe hae}kcar% Co~oeoe hlo} nen }krnej dnoejjov }kbojon –goet{ej lotne~o‐vkco~oeoe bn`bnejoedoe hae}kcnej }kmoro hk}kc{r{loe% Co~oeoe hae}kcnej vkraroejoe g{jo dnbkrn }niot –rk}`n‐ doco` ortn bolzo co~oeoe nt{ `kr{vohoe {}olo ~oej dn}kejogo dkejoe enot ~oejb `oetov# `k`ncnhn t{g{oe ~oej tndoh bn}o cone hkm{ocn {et{h hkvketnejoe doe hkbolojnooe hcnke# dncoh}oeohoe doco` iar`ot tkrtket{# dkejoe `k`vkrj{eohoe `ktadk ~oej tkr{h{r doe tkr{gn# }krto lo}nce~o dnkyoc{o}n doe dntnedohcoeg{tn%
]AOC COTNLOE HKCA@VAH YNN
?% Co~oeoe bn`bnejoe ~oej dncoh{hoe {et{h `k`vkrhkeochoe }n}zo bor{ doe oto{ }k}karoej tkrlodov cnejh{ejoe ~oej bor { dn`o}{hne~o dn}kb{t… o% Co~oeoe neiar`o}n
m% Co~oeoe Vkek`votoe
b% Co~oeoe arnketo}n
d% Co~oeoe Bn`bnejoe
2% Dn bozol nen odocol bkrbojon `ktadk co~oeoe neiar`o}n dn }khacol# hkm{ocn… o% Mkro`ol# dn}h{}n# hor~o zn}oto% b% Dn}h{}n# b{h{ voed{oe# haeikrke}n hornkr% m% Mkro`ol# dn}h{}n# b{h{ voed{oe d% Hor~o zn}oto# haeikrke}n# Toe~o gozob% =% Doco` }{ot{ ho}{}# }karoej hcnke dnbkrn hk}k`votoe `kejk`{hohoe vkr}aocoe# vkr}aocoe# vkro}ooe# doe vnhnroe vnhnroee~o }kmoro bkbo}# }kdoejhoe hae}kcar loe~o }kbojon –ojke vk`boej{eoe‐ tkr`o}{h doco`… o% Hae}kcnej dnrkhtni
m% Hae}kcnej kckhtrnh
b% Hae}kcnej eae-dnrkhtni
d% Hae}kcnej bkloyna{rn}tnh% bkloyna{rn}tn h%
4% [e}{r-{e}{r [e}{r-{e}{r ~oej lor{} odo doco` }kb{ol hkca`vah odocol … o% ]kh{`v{coe aroej# odo t{g{oe# odo n`bocoe# odo hkvk`n`vneoe% b% T{g{oe# hkoejjatooe# doe hkvk`n`vneoe# ot{roe ~oej dnnh{tn% m% ]kh{`v{coe aroej# t{g{oe# hkoejjatooe doe hkvk`n`vneoe% d% Hkvk`n`vneoe# hk}{horkcooe# hkrgo}o`o# vkr}o`ooe eo}nb% ;% ]n}zo ~oej `kejoco`n `o}ocol bkcogor# }kvkrtn hktkrco`botoeohodk`nh# hktkrmkvotoe bkcogor# }oejot co`bot bkcogor# h{roej `atnyo}n# doe }kbojone~o `k`krc{hoe }kb{ol… o% Bn`bnejoe bkcogor
m% Co~oeoe neiar`o}n }khacol
b% Hae}kcnej
d% Co~oeoe vkek`votoe doe vke~oc{roe
H[EMN GOZOBOE
?% B 2% D =% B 4% M ;% O
