Traktor Pertanian 3 (2-1)
1
Traktor Pertanian 1. Pendahuluan Traktor pertanian berpenggerak motor bakar 1.1. TUJUAN MEKANISASI PERTANIAN •
Traktor pertanian ≈ unsur penting mekanisasi pada pekerjaan pertanian
• Trakto Traktorr mengg menggera eraka kan n mesin mesin mengo mengola lah h tana tanah, h, menanam, menyiangi, memanen dan mengangkut. • Tujua Tujuan n utama utama meka mekani nisas sasii (peng (penggun gunaan aan mes mesin in)) pada pada pekerjaan pertanian:
•
•
menurunkan pekerjaan yang membosankan , meningkatkan produktivitas petani, meningkatkan ketepatan waktu dan kualitas pekerjaan.
Mekanisasi (misal:penggunaan traktor); petani terhindar dari kebosanan dan upah rendah, karena dapat melipatgandakan usahanya. Terdapat waktu optimum untuk operasi pertanian seperti waktu penenaman dan pemanenan.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Traktor Pertanian 3 (2-1)
•
Produktivitas meningkat ketika petani menerapkan mekanisasi.
Trend produktivitas pertanian Gambar: Trend produktivitas 1.2. PERKEMBANGAN TRAKTOR •
2
Traktor pertanian modern ≈ keajaiban ilmu teknik
Penggunanya mengharapkan lebih efisien, handal nyaman dan aman. Pra Traktor •
1678, HAUTEFENILLE, Perancis : panas === sumber tenaga mengusulkan bahan peledak untuk sumber tenaga 1680, HUYGENS, Belanda : motor (silinder & piston) menggunakan bahan peledak
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Traktor Pertanian 3 (2-1)
3
1800 –1860, Penelitian dan percobaan motor bakar internal, belum berhasil 1861, Dr. Nikolaus Otto, Jerman, motor bensin pertama menggunakan pengapian. 1862, BEAU de ROCHAS, Perancis, menemukan teori: Motor bakar yang efisien harus memenuhi 4 syarat: 1. Ruang Ruang pemb pembak akara aran n harus harus mempu mempunya nyaii rasio rasio permukaan-volume sekecil mungkin, 2. Proses Proses eks ekspan pansi si harus harus sec secepa epatt mungk mungkin, in, 3. Kompresi Kompresi pada awal ekspans ekspansii harus harus setinggi setinggi mungkin, 4. Langk Langkah ah eksp ekspan ansi si sel selama ama mungki mungkin. n. Dua langkah yg pertama meminimalkan transfer panas dari ruang pembakaran. Dua langkah yg terakhir memaksimalkan kerja pada setiap langkah ekspansi. Motor bakar harus ada 4 langkah piston: 1. Pema Pemasu suka kan n (int (intak ake) e) 2. Pema Pemamp mpat atan an (com (compr pres essi sion on)) 3. Tenaga (p (power) 4. Pemb Pembua uang ngan an sis sisaa gas gas (exh (exhau aust st)) 1769, James Watt, mempatenkan mesin uap praktis.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Traktor Pertanian 3 (2-1)
Traktor
1870, Kopling, gir dan rantai untuk menggerakan roda belakang, dan peralatan kemudi. 1876, Dr. Nikolaus Otto, motor bensin 4 langkah 1878, Dr. Nikolaus Otto dan Eugen Langen, Jerman, motor bensin 4 langkah. 1858, J.W. FAWKES, Traktor Uap, 6 luku, 6 mph 1880, Petani membeli mesin uap untuk threser dan pembajakan.
4
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Traktor Pertanian 3 (2-1)
5
1889, ada Satu perusahaan memproduksi traktor 1890, Perusahaan “mulai” membuat traktor dengan motor bakar internal.
1892, Traktor berpenggerak motor uap 1892, RUDOLP DIESEL, Jerman, motor Diesel 1896, Adolph Busch, Missouri, membangun mesin diesel pertama di US 1910, ada 5 – 6 perusahaan traktor di USA 1915, Penyempurnaan traktor -
Gigi-gig Gigi-gigii tertu tertutup tup & “anti “anti friction friction bearing bearing”” Traktor kecil PTO Nebr Nebras aska ka Tra Tract ctor or Tes Testt Law Law””
1968, The Standisk Steam Plow + rotary plow + planter
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Traktor Pertanian 3 (2-1)
1920, “All purpose tractor” , PTO 1925, ASAE mempublikasikan standar PTO pertama 1930, Penggunaan ban karet, Tree-point hitch. 1937, Kontrol hidrolik 1941, Kontrol hidrolik pada alat yang ditarik - Penyempurnaan rancangan dan peningkatan efisiensi - Standarisasi beberapa bagian traktor 1950, Power steering, PTO independen. 1960, Alternator, turbocharger, turbocharger , transmisi hidrostatik. 1970, Four wheel drive, traktor khusus lebih lebih kecil. kecil. 1980, Otomatisasi, sensor, kontrol elektronik, monitor.
Penggunaan Traktor di Indonesia
6
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Traktor Pertanian 3 (2-1)
7
1951, Beberapa tenaga Mekanisasi Pert’n dikirim ke AS 1952, Tiba alat-alat pesanan, training, & pendidikan Pool-pool traktor dan demonstrasi. 1958, Perusahaan Bahan Makanan dan Pembukaan Tanah (B.M.P.T.) dan 1962 menjadi Mekatani 1959, Traktor Jepang masuk 1952 – 1962, diperkirakan 10.000 unit mesin yang bekerja di bidang Mekanisasi Pertanian
1.3. KLASIFIKASI TRAKTOR
1.3.1. Sektor penggunaan: • Traktor pertanian (bak persneling lebih kompleks & susunan pengangkat dan susunan batangnya)
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Traktor Pertanian 3 (2-1)
•
Traktor industri
1.3.2. Jumlah roda dan roda penggerak: •
Traktor 2 roda
•
Traktor 4 roda
8
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Traktor Pertanian 3 (2-1)
1.3.3. Jenis Roda •
Traktor roda crawler
•
Traktor roda sabuk
•
Traktor roda ban
9
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Traktor Pertanian 3 (2-1)
1.3.3. Daya • • •
Traktor ringan
Karena daya traktor semakin Traktor sedang besar maka istilah-istilah ini tidak sesuai lagi
Traktor berat
1.3.4. Jenis bahan bakar - Hampi Hampirr semua semua trakto traktorr menggun menggunak akan an dies diesel. el. - Introd Introduks uksii bahan bahan bakar bakar unt untuk uk trak traktor tor:: LPG, LPG, minyak tanah
1.3.5. Jenis pekerjaan a.Traktor standar (dh. digunakan traktor hanya mampu menarik) Traktor untuk Kegunaan umum
10
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Traktor Pertanian 3 (2-1)
11
b.Traktor b. Traktor pembawa implemen implemen (mampu dipasangi alat-alat tambahan) •
Sistem Ferguson Rendah Kaki
pengemudi di kirikanan bak perseneling Adhesi diperbesar
•
Traktor portal
Pandangan ke depan yang lebih baik Kolong yang tinggi
Reservoir pneumatis
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Traktor Pertanian 3 (2-1)
c.
Traktor pembawa peralatan
Pandangan terhadap alat-alat yang dibawanya dapat terjamin
Traktor pembawa implement
12
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Traktor Pertanian 3 (2-1)
e.
13
Traktor tendem
Traktor lereng • Penempatan rodaroda secara paralelogram • Mesin dan • Penempatan rodaroda secara paralelogram
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Traktor Pertanian 3 (2-1)
•
14
Χ< ↑
۰ ۰ •▫▪
Sistem pelumasan pada motor bakar Sistem pendingin pada motor bakar Sistem pensaringan udara pada motor bakar Pengukuran RPM, BHP, dan konsumsi bahan bakar. Bongkar pasang motor bakar bensin Bongkar pasang motor bakar diesel Mengendarai traktor pertanian Mengendarai traktor pertanian + trailer Sistem transmisi dan hidraulik Field Trip Pendahuluan + Mengemudikan Taktor Mengemudikan Taktor dengan gandengan Bagian-bagian utama dan konstruksi traktor roda dua dan roda empat Sistem transmisi traktor roda dua Sistem transmisi traktor roda empat