The Japanese Period (1941-1945) Philippine Literature
Historical Background • Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when Japan conquered Philippines • Philippine literature in English came to a halt. • Almost all newspapers in English were stopped by the Japanese except for the TRIBUNE and the PHILIPPINE REVIEW.
Historical Background • Brought an advantageous effect on Filipino Literature, which experienced renewed attention because writes in English turned to writing in Filipino. • Juan Laya, who used to write in English turned to Filipino because of the strict prohibitions of the Japanese regarding any writing in English. • The weekly LIWAYWAY was placed under strict surveillance until it was managed by a Japanese named Ishiwara.
Historical Background • In other words, Filipino literature was given a break during this period. • Writers wrote: – – – –
plays Poems short stories etc.
• Topics and themes were often about life in the provinces.
A. Filipino Poetry During This Period • Common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation was: ۰ Nationalism ۰ Country ۰ Love ۰ Life in the barrios ۰ Faith ۰ Religion ۰ Arts
Filipino Poetry During This Period Types of poems emerged during this period: 2. TANAGA 3. HAIKU KARANIWANG ANYO (Usual Form) 1. → the of HAIKU, is short but it had measure and ᵜ ๏ Like Like those mentioned earlier inJapanese the beginning a poem free verse that the liked.of this book. ๏ rhyme. It was made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines. →๏ Each and the is also allegorical in The line first had line 17 hadsyllables 5 syllables, second, 7 syllables,
meaning. and the third, five. ๏
The Haiku is allegorical in meaning, is short and covers a wide scope in meaning.
Haiku By Gonzalo K. Flores
Dragonfly You’re pulling a saber The flowers shivered When you approached
Invitation Lonely grass By the quiet river Come, love. .
DEFINITION ACTIVITY If you are given a Saber chance to be an insect, Noun a heavy, one-edged what you be? sword, would usually slightly Why? curved, used especially by cavalry.
Tanaga ni Ildefonso Santos (Liwayway, Oktubre 10, 1943)
ACTIVITY AUTHOR
• was born on 23 January 1897, in Baritan, Malabon, Rizal. • showed his talent in poetry through a love letter for a secret lover. Palay Read the Tanaga with heartfelt feelings. (Individual) • cousin,He’s Leonardo Diangson, read the letter, and it was later a behaved palay published in newspaper Ang Mithî. Dr. Gagto) decide the Let thethewhen whole class (except Who bowed he wind blew • After publishing, the letter was read by Iñigo Ed Regalado. But stood up again best readers. • begantwo writing poetry in earnest and using Ilaw Silangan as his pen And bore gold. name. Let the two best readers battle again by reading the • finished his studies as a first professor in Pilipino at the National Shell Teachers College. Tanaga, but this time, with facial expressions and • Before WorldShall, War II,hey! he also a supervisor for the actions. national language. You’re a beautiful pearl • He in the University of the who’s the best reader Ifgraduated you to the Letare Dr.pressed Gagto be theears judge Philippines with a degree You sigh. in the field of architecture. among the class.
Haikus By Rodolfo S. Rosales
SOME POETRY POEMS Corporeal, Too much catsup, Unevaporeal spice, sauce blood, bold, hypocrisies: on the what hiding hand is ofnot time. there.
BEAUTY DEATH Never, A wind forever! unseen, a sound unheard: a broken rusty hinge, guitar... a fiery fever bones and skulls. to become.
PROGRESS JUSTICE Flip achill You coin: comrade crown or dragonfly king. Coin,please then neitheryou crown nor king, “Notaguilty!” put tiger in your tongue
SOME LOVE POEMS Tooin Pill much the evening catsup, spice, sauce Black hypocrisies: coffee in the morning Andhiding headaches what isatnot noon. there.
Haikus By Rodolfo S. Rosales
DEFINITION
Corporeal Adjective of the nature of the physical body; bodily. Fiery Adjective intensely hot Hinge Noun that on which something is based or depends; pivotal consideration or factor.
Haikus By Rodolfo S. Rosales
ACTIVITY
Create your own Haiku about Grace Christian College
REMEMBER that a HAIKU is: ๏
made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines.
๏
The first line had 5 syllables, the second, 7 syllables, and the third, five.
๏
The Haiku is allegorical in meaning, is short and covers a wide scope in meaning.
B. Filipino Drama During the Japanese Period The drama experienced a lull during the Japanese period
because movie houses showing American films were closed. The big movie houses were just made to show stage shows. Many of the plays were reproductions of English plays to
Tagalog. The translators were: Francisco Soc Rodrigo
Alberto Concio Narciso Pimentel.
B. Filipino Drama During the Japanese Period They also founded the organization of Filipino players
named Dramatic Philippines. Few of the play writers are: 1. Jose Ma. Hernandez – wrote PANDAY PIRA
2. Francisco Soc Rodrigo – wrote SA PULA, SA PUTI 3. Clodualdo del Mundo – wrote BULAGA 4. Julian Cruz Balmaceda – wrote SINO BA KAYO?, DAHIL SA ANAK, and HIGANTE NG PATAY
C. The Filipino Short Story During the Japanese Period The field of the short story widened during the
Japanese Occupation. Many wrote short stories. Among them were Brigido Batungbakal, Macario Pineda, Serafin Guinigundo, Liwayway Arceo, Narciso Ramos, NVM Gonzales, Alicia Lopez
Lim, Ligaya Perez, and Gloria Guzman.
C. The Filipino Short Story During the Japanese Period The best writings in 1945 were selected by a group of judges composed of Francisco Icasiano, Jose Esperanza Cruz, Antonio Rosales, Clodualdo
del Mundo and Teodoro Santos.
C. The Filipino Short Story During the Japanese Period The following got the first three prizes from the selection: First Prize: Narciso Reyes with his LUPANG TINUBUAN Second Prize: Liwayway Arceo’s UHAW ANG TIGANG NA LUPA Third Prize: NVM Gonzales’ LUNSOD NAYON AT DAGATDAGATAN
D. Philippine Literature in English (1941-1945) ๏ Because of the strict prohibitions imposed by the Japanese in the writing and publishing of works in English, Philippine literature in English experienced a dark period. ๏ The few who dared to write did so for their bread and butter or for propaganda. ๏ Writings that came out during this period were journalistic in nature. ๏ Writers felt suppressed but slowly, the spirit of nationalism
started to seep into their consciousness.
D. Philippine Literature in English (1941-1945) ๏ While some continued to write, the majority waited for a better climate to published their works. ๏ Noteworthy writer of the period was Carlos P. Romulo who
won the Pulitzer Prize for his bestsellers ̶
I SAW THE FALL OF THE PHILIPPINES ̶
I SEE THE PHILIPPINES RISE ̶
MOTHER AMERICA ̶
MY BROTHER AMERICANS
D. Philippine Literature in English (1941-1945) ๏ F. B. Icasiano wrote essays in The Philippine Review ๏ Carlos Bulosan’s works included: ๏ THE LAUGHTER OF MY FATHER (1944)
๏ THE VOICE OF BATAAN ๏ SIX FILIPINO POETS ๏ Alfredo Litiatco published With Harp and Sling ๏ Jose P. Laurel published Forces that Make a Nation Great
D. Philippine Literature in English (1941-1945) ๏ The commonwealth Literary Awards gave prizes to meritorious writers:
1. LIKE THE MOLAVE
by Rafael Zulueta da Costa
(Poetry)
2. HOW MY BROTHER LEON BROUGHT HOME A WIFE by Manuel E. Arguilla (Short Story)
3. LITERATURE AND SOCIETY by Salvador P. Lopez (Essay)
4. HIS NATIVE SOIL by Juan Laya (Novel)
D. Philippine Literature in English (1941-1945) ๏ President Manuel l. Quezon’s autobiography THE GOOD
FIGHT was published posthumously. ๏ Radio broadcasts echoed the mingled fear and doubts in
the hearts of the people. ๏ Other writers of this period were Juan Collas (1944), Tomas Confessor (1945), Roman A. De la Cruz and Elisa Tabunar.
The March of Death By Bienvenido N. Santos
The March of Death By Bienvenido N. Santos • was a Filipino American fictionist, poet and nonfiction writer. • born and raised in Tondo, Manila. • family roots are originally from Lubao, Pampanga, Philippines. • lived in the United States for many years where he is widely credited as a pioneering Asian-American writer.
AUTHOR
Bienvenido N. Santos (1911–1996)
The March of Death By Bienvenido N. Santos
DEFINITION
Flog Verb to beat with a whip, stick etc., especially as punishment; whip; scourge. Hedge noun a row of bushes or small trees planted close together, Especially when forming a fence or boundary; hedgerow: Peculiar adjective distinctive in nature or character from others. Mangle verb to spoil; ruin; mar badly
The March of Death By Bienvenido N. Santos Bienvenido
CHARACTER MAP
Troubled that his brother might be included in death march from Bataan to Capas.
Bienvenido’s brother
Brother of Bienvenido who might be included
in the march of death. Uncle
Has a garden hedge in front of the his house that smells fragrantly.
Celia
Sat in the window and witness the suffering of the Filipinos who were marching in front of her house to Capas.
The March of Death By Bienvenido N. Santos
EVENT MAP
Of the infamous Death March from Bataan to Capas in March 1944 in the States while in anxiety over a brother.
The March of Death By Bienvenido N. Santos
SUMMARY
Bienvenido was in the United States during the Japanese occupation. When he learnt of the high death rates of the Bataan march, he was troubled that his brother might be included in the statistic.
He poured out his sorrow in this story. Recalling the things he and his brother did in the roads when they were younger that’s being used then by the marching Filipinos on their way to Capas. Reminiscing made him regret but at the same time, gave him hope, that his brother is alive and they would be able to walk again in the same road in one April morning.
The March of Death By Bienvenido N. Santos
OPEN MIND
It is very distressing and heart-wrenching to anyone when a person you love is in some threat
of danger. If possible, you would save your love one for any price even if the price is yourself as long as your love one will be saved.
The March of Death By Bienvenido N. Santos
ACTIVITY TIME
Group yourself in two groups. Make a scenario wherein your loved one is
being threatened to be killed. How and what will you do stop it? Act it out.
To My Native Land By Tarrosa Subido
To My Native Land
DEFINITION
By Tarrosa Subido Visionary Adjective given to or characterized by fanciful, not presently workable, or unpractical ideas, views, or schemes Scheme Noun a visionary or impractical project. Avowal Noun an open statement of affirmation; frank acknowledgment or admission. Sustenance Noun means of sustaini9ng life; nourishment. Bequeath Verb to hand down; pass on.
To My Native Land By Tarrosa Subido
SUMMARY
The author, Tarrosa, wrote this sonnet during the Japanese Occupation. Impressed by the common sight of fellow Filipinos dying in their youth or prime, the country denied thereby of their various talents and services, the author made haste to write down her
feelings for her native land, death then seeming imminent.
To My Native Land By Tarrosa Subido
OPEN MIND
To know that my death is about to happen, I would feel desolate, fearful, and probably, full of regret. Because I would be leaving behind my family.,
whom I love dearly. But if there’s no tomorrow, literally, I would spend my last day to fight against the Japanese occupation. I would have do anything I can, not to be submissive to them. I would fight them.
To My Native Land By Tarrosa Subido
ACTIVITY
What would you do if you only have one
day to live? (individual)
My Father’s Tragedy By Carlos Bulosan
My Father’s Tragedy By Carlos Bulosan
AUTHOR
was born in the village of Mangusmana Barangay Sto. Niño located in Binalonan, Pangasinan, Philippines. went to the United States to find work to help his farmer parents. was an English-language Filipino novelist and poet who spent most of his life in the United States. His best-known work is the semi- Bienvenido N. Santos autobiographical America Is in the (November 24, 1913 – Heart. September 11, 1956)
My Father’s Tragedy By Carlos Bulosan
DEFINITION
Furtive Adjective taken, done, used, etc., surreptitiously or by stealth; secret Impasse Noun a position or situation from which there is no escape; deadlock Granary Noun a region that produces great quantities of grain.
My Father’s Tragedy By Carlos Bulosan
SUMMARY
The town was suffering from poverty and hunger because of the plaque of some disaster that wreck their plantations / businesses. Bida’s mother and sisters can’t find odd jobs and there was a threat of famine across the town. It was during this time that
Bida’s father stayed at home and just sat everyday with his fighting cock, Burick. He would not do anything, but caress Burick, exercise it and sometime slept with Burick.
My Father’s Tragedy By Carlos Bulosan
SUMMARY
Bida’s mother one day got angry with his father and tried to kill Burick., but Bida’s father saw it and got to prevent it in time. Bida’s mother had her revenge as one day, she cooked a wonderful pleasant meal with chicken and bitter melons. The family ate heartily most especially Bida’s father, as they have eaten a chicken for quite sometime. After eating a lot of chicken,
and was about to get more, Bida’s father asked where did the mother got the “good” chicken. His mother replied, “Where do you think I got it?”
My Father’s Tragedy By Carlos Bulosan
Bida
CHARACTER MAP
The only son left at the house. Took care of Burick when told by his father.
Bida’s
Made money by cock-fighting. Loves Burick more
father
than anything else by taking tremendous care of it.
Bida’s
Very patient. Went door-to-door to do odd jobs to
mother
have money / food for the family.
Francisca
Bida’s sister. Usually takes care of Marcela.
My Father’s Tragedy By Carlos Bulosan
CHARACTER MAP
Marcela
Bida’s youngest sister.
Burcio
Strange man from a neighboring country. Owns a black fighting cock.
Burick
Bida’s father’s fighting cock and the only healthy living thing in the family’s household. Sometimes sleep with bida’s father
Kanaway
Burick’s father. It won the family a house three years ago. It’s being served the choicest rice.
My Father’s Tragedy By Carlos Bulosan
OPEN MIND
If I were Bida, I would find a job to help my family from poverty. I would look for any legal job as long as I earn money to buy necessities for my family.. It would be unbearable for me to sit idle and watch my family struggle that’s why I will strive hard to be good to help them.
My Father’s Tragedy
ACTIVITY
By Carlos Bulosan Level 2 - Internationally- known chicken dishes The first person on your utmost left side will start to count 1, 1. It number has a lot2. of Then soy then the one on her right will count herself next person on her right will start again with 1sauce. then 2 until each 2. You could laurel student has a number. leaves for flavor. Guess the name of each chicken dish. 3. _ _o_ _ 2 levels: Level 1
- Common in Metro Manila
Level 2
- Internationally- known chicken dishes.
Afritada Fried Chicken Chicken Tinolang Manok Adobo Lechon Manok
My Father’s Tragedy
ACTIVITY
By Carlos Bulosan Level 2 - Internationally- known chicken dishes
1.Origin: Chinese/Singapore Origin: India 1. Origin: Persia 1.1. Origin: Spain Hainanese 1.Chicken Origin: Japan Chicken Terriyaki 2. Chinese Name: 海南雞飯 2. Spanish name: paella 2. 2.Yellow Persian Uses kari name: podi Chicken Chicken 3. Persian 2.mixta Name in Japanese:鳥 Paella Jujeh Kabob
3.照り焼き Curry Chicken Kebab 3. 3. 3.
The End. Thank you for listening!