Running Head: LOSS OF CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES
Loss of Culture in the Philippines: nal!"ing the Effe#t of $e $esterni"ation sterni"ation on Filipino Culture Sa%antha Santiaguel &lo'al Studies and $orld $orld Languages #ade%! Tall(ood Tall(ood High S#hool
1
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES ABSTRACT
$esterni"ation is one of the %ain reasons (h! there is a loss of #ulture in the Philippines) The spread of the %eri#an #ulture and language ha*e greatl! affe#ted the Filipino #ulture) The o*eruse of the English language is the #ause of the loss of a national language+ resulting in the 'lending of 'oth English and Tagalog+ Tagalog+ #ausing the nu%'er of people fluent in the Filipino language to de#rease signifi#antl!) Not onl! is there a loss of a national language+ 'ut there is also a signifi#ant loss of #ulture) Foreigners (ho tra*el to the Philippines ha*e stated that it does not feel li,e the! are in a foreign #ountr!+ as the Philippines is -a%.pa#,ed (ith English ad*ertise%ents+ tele*ision sho(s+ radio stations+ and stores) long (ith the disad*antageous aspe#ts of (esterni"ation+ there are %an! 'enefi#ial aspe#ts too) Pro%oting the English language #reates a #han#e for the !ounger generation of Filipinos to find -o's+ 'oth a'road and in the Philippines) $ith $ith the use of English as the tea#hing %ediu% in the edu#ation edu#a tion s!ste%+ the Philippines is a target #ountr! for students (ho are see,ing to find a #heap uni*ersit! that tea#hes in English) Through /uestionnaires #o%pleted '! 'oth lo#al and foreign students+ it (as found that %an! other #ultures and not -ust the Philippines are 'eing affe#ted '! (esterni"ation) dditionall!+ it (as found that %an! of the lo#al students spea, little to none of their #ulture0s language 'ut still e%'ra#e their #ulture0s heritage '! #ele'rating #usto%s and eating their #ulture0s food) Foreign students on the other o ther hand spea, their #ulture0s language+ 'ut ha*e an ad*an#ed ,no(ledge of the English language) It (as found that the foreign students (ere greatl! influen#ed '! (estern #ulture through so#ial %edia+ %usi#+ and food)
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES TLE OF CONTENTS Ta'le of Contents
2
Introdu#tion
3
Li%itations
4
5ethodolog!
6
Literature Re*ie(
7
8is#ussion
19
Effe#ts of $esterni"ation
19
Filipino0s Response to $esterni"ation
1
English *ersus Tagalog
12
Preser*ing the Filipino Culture
13
Con#lusion
14
Referen#es
17
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES Loss of Culture in the Philippines Introduction
$orld(ide+ $orld(ide+ #ountries are 'eing ' eing influen#ed '! (esterni"ation) This is espe#iall! true (ith the in#rease of glo'ali"ation and the ad*an#e%ent of te#hnolog!) People around the (orld are a'le to #o%%uni#ate (ith one another ano ther (ith ease+ 'e it '! tra*el+ or si%pl! #o%%uni#ating through so#ial %edia sites in order to tal, to a relati*e) Though the Philippines (as #oloni"ed '! ;apan and Spain+ Filipinos ha*e adopted %ore of the %eri#an #ulture su#h as spea,ing %ore English than Tagalog+ (at#hing %eri#an %eri#an sho(s and %o*ies+ and listening to %eri#an songs) s generations pass+ %eri#a0s influen#e influen#e is deepening and is shifting Filipino #ulture to %ore of an %eri#an #ulture) Older generations of Filipinos are en#ouraging !ounger generations to *enture out into the (orld+ and as a result+ !ounger generations are starting to lose their #ulture 'it '! 'it) The i%pa#t of (esterni"ation is o'*ious and #an 'e identified easil! -ust '! standing on the streets in the Philippines) d*ertise%ents seen on store fronts and heard on either the radio or T)< T)<) are al%ost all in English =Hol%/uist > Cud%ore+ 912?) This is a serious pro'le% (ithin the #ulture of the Philippines 'e#ause at the rate #ulture is di%inishing+ sooner or later+ there (ill 'e little to nothing left of (hat the original des#endants had) 5ore and %ore traditions are 'eing lost or forgotten as generations pass) pa ss) Cultural traditions are e@pressions of a group0s (orld*ie(+ and fun#tion to strengthen a separate #o%%unit!) This is i%portant 'e#ause Filipino #ulture is so uni/ue #o%pared to other sian #ultures) It (ould 'e a great loss if it (ere to 'e repla#ed (ith another #ulture) ! preser*ing the traditions of Filipino #ulture+ it en#o urages groups of people to #reate and share a #olle#ti*e identit!) identit!) In doing so+ it ser*es to shape an indi*idual identit! and %a,es a #ertain indi*idual uni/ue fro% the rest of (orld0s populat population) ion) Though there are %an!
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES people that tr! to preser*e Filipino #ulture+ there is an e*en larger a%ount of people (ho ha*e forgotten their Filipino roots) $hile (esterni"ation is ine*ita'le (orld(ide+ in the Philippines+ (esterni"ation has %ade a huge i%pa#t on Filipino #ulture+ affe#ting not onl! language+ 'ut also the %edia+ and edu#ation) Limitations
The stud! of the loss of #ulture in the Philippines and (esterni"ation is highl! rele*ant 'e#ause the influen#e of %eri#an #ulture #ulture is ine*ita'le (orld(ide) 8espite the pre*alen#e of the loss of #ulture+ there are li%itations in*ol*ed in resear#h) Longitudinal effects.
Cultures #hange o*er a period of ti%e+ (hether it 'e for the good or for the 'ad) The resear#h #ondu#ted is greatl! li%ited to a ti%e restraint of a se%ester and results #annot 'e full! anal!"ed through %erel! a short period of ti%e) The a#tion 'eing put forth fro% the resear#h #onsists of tea#hing the !ounger generation a 'out their #ulture through a language #lass) The duration of the a#tion #an onl! 'e fi*e #lasses and on#e those #lasses end+ one #annot 'e sure of (hether or not the students #ontinue to stud! (hat the! learned) lthough a#tions are 'eing ta,en to slo( do(n the pro#ess of (esterni"ation and the loss of #ulture+ one #annot a##uratel! %easure (hether the a#tion is a#tuall! 'ringing ' a#, or preser*ing a #ulture) Measure used to collect the data.
8ue to /uestionnaires 'eing the pri%ar! sour#e of #olle#ting data+ there are se*eral li%itations that #an result in ina##urate data) 8epending on the a%ount of people (ho a#tuall! ta,e the /uestionnaire+ per#entages and data %a! 'e ina##urate due to a s%all /uestionnaire si"e)
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES The infor%ation retrie*ed fro% the /uestionnaires onl! a##ount for a tin! portion of the (hole population and of #ourse+ %an! people ha*e ans(ers that differ fro% others) Geographical constraint.
8ue to (here data is 'eing #olle#ted+ resear#h is not o'taina'le 'e#ause one #annot ph!si#all! tra*el to the Philippines to #olle#t and gather data) Resear#h and data is onl! o'taina'le in a s%all area in
The i%pa#t of (esterni"ation on #ultures (orld(ide is 'est utili"ed (ith /uan titati*e data+ due to the (ide use of statisti#s and data 'eing %easured) In order to understand the loss of #ulture #o%%on (ithin our #urrent generation+ /uestionnaires (ere g i*en out to lo#al students at Tide(ater Co%%unit! College ;oint.use li'rar!+ Tall(ood Tall(ood High S#hool+ Lar,spur 5iddle S#hool+ and $hite Oa,s Ele%entar! S#hool) Auestionnaires (ere also posted online through &oogle For%s and Sur*e!%on,e! for high s#hool and %iddle s#hool students in China and in the Philippines) $ith the intention of holding language lessons for lo#al %iddle s#hool students+ an internship (as #o%pleted at the Philippines Cultural Center in
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES The se#ond part of the a#tion re/uired renting a %eeting roo% at Tide(ater Co%%unit! College ;oint.Use Li'rar! for a %i@ed #lass of ele%entar! and %iddle s#hool students for t(o hours on fi*e Saturda!s) 8uring the #lasses+ students learned ' asi# ,no(ledge in the Tagalog language+ the %ost (idel! spo,en language in the Philippines) The language portion of the #lass lasts for an hour+ after the students ta,e a short 'rea, of a'out ten %inutes or so in order to prepare for the se#ond half of the #lass+ (hi#h is the #ulture portion) 8uring the #ulture portion of the #lass+ students learned a'out *arious #ultural aspe#ts su#h as food+ art+ %usi#+ and #usto%s) The %ain goal of the a#tion is to initiate the desire to learn a'out on e0s 'a#,ground and #ulture and to reignite a #ulture that %a! soon 'e lost) The target audien#e for the a#tion are students (ho are still in s#hool+ 'e it fro% an Ele%entar! le*el to a Uni*ersit! le*el+ 'e#ause the! are the future+ the! #an %a,e a 'ig differen#e in their li*es and ha*e a #han#e to pass do(n (hat the! ,no( and learn to their #hildren and to the ne@t generation) ringing 'a#, a #ulture (ould not 'e *er! effe#ti*e through the #urrent and older generation due to the fa#t that the! ha*e alread! 'een influen#ed '! (esterni"ation) There is no going 'a#, to ho( things (ere 'efore+ -ust li,e the sa!ing+ Bou Bou #an0t tea#h an old dog ne( tri#,s)D Literature revie
##ording to $orld $orld Startup $i,i+ the Philippines is (ell ,no(n ,no (n for its ri#h and an d di*erse #ulture) It is (ell ,no(n that the Filipino language sounds si%ilar to Spanish+ 'ut (hat %ost people do not ,no(+ is that there there are fra#tions of other #ultures #o%'ined in order to %a,e up the Filipino #ulture as a (hole) Filipino #ulture deri*es and is si%ilar to %ultiple other #ultures in the aspe#ts of food+ language+ ar#hite#ture+ 'eha*iors+ go*ern%ent+ and %an! others) The three %ain #ountries that #on/uered the Philippines (ere Spain+ the United States+ and ;apan) Ha*ing 'een #on/uered '! the Spanish for al%ost 399 !ears+ Spanish #ulture is the %ost apparent through
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES language and 'eha*iors su#h as ta,ing siestas and holding fiestas during holida!s or religious gatherings) If one (ere to listen in to a Filipino #on*ersation+ one is a'le to pi#, up so%e Spanish sounding (ords li,e BperoD+ D%asD+ D%esaD+ and %an! other (ords) Ha*ing traded (ith the Chinese e*en 'efore the Spaniards too, o*er+ Filipinos ha*e a#/uired the sa%e tastes in food as the Chinese) Foods li,e pan#it and siopao ha*e deri*ed fro% Chinese noodles and 'ao"i) The #ulture that has %ade the %ost influen#e on o n the Philippines though+ is the %eri#an #ulture) The %eri#an #ulture and language is #learl! apparent in the go*ern%ent+ edu#ation+ and %edia) E*er!(here on the streets of the %ost populous #ities+ one #an find fa%ous %eri#an 'rands and produ#ts su#h as Co#a.Cola+ 5#8onald0s and %an! %ore) =$orld =$orld Startup $i,i+ $i,i+ n)d)? &raha% &ulli*er =912? in B$estern B$estern Culture in the Philippines+D further de#lares that the %eri#an #ulture is the %ost e*ident in Filipino #ulture) He goes on to argue that one is a'le to #learl! (itness the %eri#an #ulture '! -ust standing on the streets) Pa#,ed ;eepne!s that are seen dri*ing on the streets originated fro% %eri#an %ilitar! -eeps left 'ehind during the Se#ond $orld $orld $ar) $ar) Instead of lea*ing the *ehi#les to rust+ Filipinos de#orated the% to use for the%sel*es) &ulli*er then #ontrasts his argu%ents stating that although the Philippines is greatl! influen#ed '! (esterni"ation+ it has 'e#o%e an ideal lo#ation for foreigners to set up 'usiness) In BEnglish in the Philippines+D '! 8ora! 8ora ! Espinosa =17?+ %eri#a0s influen#e influen#e spread o*er the Philippines and %ade a huge i%pa#t on the #ulture (a! /ui#,er than the Spanish did) It too, 49 !ears for the %eri#ans (hile for the Spaniards it too 299) %eri#an #ulture has affe#ted Filipino #ulture not onl! through language+ 'ut also in %edia+ art+ and 'usiness and politi#al aspe#ts) English is taught at a !oung age and e*en in s#hools) s s soon as a #hild is 'o rn+ the parents ha*e (a!s to tea#h the 'a'! to do a%using things li,e opening and #losing their hands or fluttering their e!elashes) So (hen the #hild is old enough to attend s#hool+ the! alread! ha*e a
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES 'asi# ,no(ledge of English) The Filipino edu#ational s!ste% enfor#es English in their their #urri#ula fro% an ele%entar! le*el to the uni*ersit! un i*ersit! le*el and 'e#ause of the (idespread use of English+ the language has 'e#o%e i%portant to people (ho (ant to find e%plo!%ent outside of the Philippines) ##ording to Tho%pson =992? in BFilipino English and Taglish+D Taglish+D the Filipino edu#ational s!ste% had a dispute o*er (hat language to use in #lasses # lasses and in te@t'oo,s) In the !ear 172+ President Ferdinand 5ar#os de#lared a la( stating that English and Filipino (ere the offi#ial languages of the Philippines) Ph ilippines) 8ue to this la(+ %an! Filipino a#ti*ists argued that Filipino should 'e the onl! offi#ial language) Though the ! argued this+ it (as fairl! diffi#ult to #hange as English (as alread! one of the %a-or languages 'eing used in not onl! the go*ern%ent+ 'ut also in the edu#ational s!ste%) English is %ainl! used in the tea#hing #urri#ulu% fro% an Ele%entar! le*el to a Uni*ersit! le*el) $ith the /uestion of (hether or not to #hange the language in the tea#hing #urri#ulu% to Filipino+ the &o*ern%ent struggled to find a solution) In the end though+ the go*ern%ent failed to find enough Filipino 'oo,s and /ualified tea#hers (ho #ould suffi#ientl! tea#h in Filipino+ 'ut unfortunatel! #ould find little to none) Not onl! #ould the! not find the right tea#hers+ the go*ern%ent si%pl! #ould not afford to #hange their edu#ation s!ste% fro% English to Filipino sin#e the! (ere on a lo( 'udget) The issue ended up 'eing forgotten) In order to support the infor%ation on the a%ount of English used in %edia in the Philippines+ statisti#s are used) ##ording to Hol%/uist and Cud%ore =912? in BEnglish in ;apanese and Philippine Ph ilippine d*ertising: d*ertising: n E@plorator! Co%parison+D al%ost of ad*ertise%ents in the Philippines are in English) The statisti#s sho( that fro% the 29 Filipino %aga"ines the! re*ie(ed and anal!"ed+ 146 out of 147 (ere in English =p) 4?) Reasons for Filipino 'usinesses using English in their #o%pan! na%e or p rodu#t na%e is due to four reasons)
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES One of the% 'eing that English Eng lish is not a foreign language for the people in the Philippines) The se#ond reason is that so%e #on#epts are easier to pro%ote in English than in Tagalog) Third+ the target audien#e for the ad*ertise%ents are tourists+ not the lo#al shoppers) Lastl!+ English is used to sho( (here the #o%pan! or produ#t #a%e fro%) !iscussion
Though (esterni"ation is ine*ita'le (orld(ide+ it is the %ost apparent in the Filipino #ulture) The Philippines has 'een #on/uered '! not -ust the Spanish+ 'ut also the %eri#ans+ %eri#ans+ and though the Spanish ha*e reigned #ontrol for %ore than 299 !ears+ the %eri#ans left %ore of an i%pa#t and #hanged Filipino #ulture in onl! 49 !ears =Espinosa+ 17?) The use of English has 'e#o%e so (idespread in the Philippines+ that it is no( one of the nation0s offi#ial languages =Philippines Language Stats+ n)d)?) n)d )?) lthough the spread of %eri#an #ulture has greatl! altered Filipino #ulture+ Filipinos of the !ounger generation are (el#o%ing it (ith open ar%s =ranas+ n)d)?) Conse/uentl!+ %an! #hara#teristi#s of the Filipino #ulture are 'eing either forgotten or lost) "ffects of #esterni$ation.
The use of the English language languag e is apparent in al%ost all #ultures and #ountries+ 'u t it is the %ost apparent in the Philippines) If one (ere to e*en so %u#h as stand on the streets+ English #an 'e seen or heard e*er!(here =&ulli*er+ 912?) spe#ts range fro% ad*ertise%ents found on storefronts+ %aga"ines+ ne(spapers+ #o%panies+ produ#ts+ 'rands+ and %an ! %ore) In %edia+ English is found in so#ial %edia+ literar! (or,s+ fil%s+ %o*ies+ radios+ tele*isions) ##ording to E"ra Ferra" in BN,,(aG 5eet the so#ial %edia tool that0s fluent in Filipino and
[email protected],+D 62 of the people (ho use so#ial %edia use English in their posts and onl! 24 use Filipino or Tagalog) Tagalog) ##ording to the online /uestionnaires+ eight of the fifteen students #lai% that the! the ! use %ore English than Tagalog Tagalog (hen using so#ial %edia) 5o*ies fro% the United States su#h as
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES T(ilight+ T(ilight+ Transfor%ers+ Transfor%ers+ *engers+ *engers+ and other fa%ous %o*ies and e*en not so fa%ous ones are fre/uentl! sho(n in %o*ie theaters) s for ne(spapers+ the %eri#ans (ere the ones (ho esta'lished the press s!ste%+ and the first ne(spaper (as issued in English in O#to'er 1 ) Though+ ne(spapers (ere stri#tl! #ensored '! %eri#an %ilitar! authorities and offi#ials =Pressreferen#e+ n)d)?) Not onl! is English and the (estern #ulture apparent in in %edia+ 'ut it is also e*ident in the &o*ern%ent) The Philippines has a#/uired the %eri#an ideolog! and philosoph! that 'eing free is i%portant and the people ha*e a sa! in go*ern%ent =&ulli*er+ 912?) E*er sin#e the Philippines (as under und er %eri#an %eri#an rule+ Filipinos ha*e had a de%o#rati# for% of go*ern%ent+ *oting and ele#ting a president and has the sa%e three 'ran#hes of go*ern%ent) 8ue to trade (ith other #ountries 'efore 'eing #on/uered+ the Philippines has pi#,ed up #ertain food traits and in#orporated (hat the! learned into their o(n food) The Chinese+ spe#ifi#all!+ spe#ifi#all!+ influen#ed Filipino food+ for e@a%ple+ pan#it d eri*ed fro% 5in Nan Chinese noodles) Other foods that the Chinese influen#ed are siopao+ sio%ai+ and hopia =$orld Startup $i,i+ n)d)?) It is not surprising to sa! that e*en the %eri#ans ha*e influen#ed the food in the Philippines) Foods li,e ha%'urgers+ hot dogs+ sand(i#hes+ and i#e #rea% are found in the Philippines+ 'ut (ith their o(n little t(ists) =alins,i+ n)d)? reas in (hi#h the %eri#an #ulture ha*e greatl! affe#ted Filipino #ulture are #ertainl! edu#ation and language+ (hi#h are intert(ined (ith ea#h other) The %ediu% language of instru#tion in the Philippines is English and Tagalog+ though it (asn0t al(a!s li,e that =Clar,+ 914?) The Filipino edu#ation s!ste% (as onl! taught in English fro% 191 after the arri*al of a'out 439 U)S) tea#hers =Nord/uist+ n)d)?) The tea#hing %ediu% in the edu#ational s!ste% (as not #hanged until 17) Filipino a#ti*ists argued that the Filipino language should 'e used as the tea#hing %ediu% instead of English+ 'ut the go*ern%ent had a diffi#ult ti%e finding eligi'le
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES tea#hers (ho #ould tea#h in the language) 8ue to the go*ern%ent is lo( 'udget for edu#ation+ not onl! did the! fail to find suffi#ient te@t'oo,s #o%pletel! in the Filipino language+ 'ut the! see%ed to -ust s(eep the %atter under the rug and a*oided finding a solution to the pro'le% 'rought up '! the #on#erned Filipinos) eginning in the !ear 147+ students (ere re/uired to tea#h litera#! s,ills in 'oth English and Filipino =Tho%pson R) 5)+ 992?) Though %an! le#tures and #lasses are still %ainl! taught in English) 5an! (ords are deri*ed fro% the English language+ Spanish language+ 5ala! 5ala ! language+ and e*en Sans,rit language) $ords $ords li,e Ba%ustaD deri*ed fro% the Spanish for Bho( are !ouJD $ords $ords li,e BNarsD #o%es fro% the English (ord BNurse+D and BSarapD #a%e fro% the 5ala! language BSedap+D %eaning deli#ious =Tho%pson I) + 914?) $ith English 'eing one of the offi#ial languages in the Philippines+ the #ountr! has 'e#o%e a target for students see,ing # heap edu#ation in a not so foreign edu#ational s!ste%) Foreigners fro% a#ross the (orld #o%e to the Philippines in order to either learn English or stud! in an English.spea,ing uni*ersit! 'e#ause o f the lo( #ost of tuition =5#&eo(n+ 91?) The use of the English language is dee%ed as i%portant and essential for finding -o's a'road =Espinosa+ 17?) %ilipino&s Response to #esterni$ation.
E*en (ith the loss of #ulture at hand+ hand + %an! Filipinos still (el#o%e (esterni"ation (ith open ar%s) Instead of de#reasing the a%ount of English in the Philippines+ lo#als are en#ouraging and spreading the use of another a nother language) It has 'e#o%e se#ond nature for Filipino lo#als to use English in their ad*ertise%ents as it is a huge 'enefit for the e#ono%!) Filipinos Filipinos are not asha%ed of #op!ing another #ulture and thin, that if the! #op! the %eri#an #ulture+ the! #an %a,e it e*en 'etter than it alread! is =ranas+ n)d)?) E*en older generations are en#ouraging !ounger generations to learn and get in*ol*ed in*o l*ed (ith the %eri#an #ulture to find 'etter li*es for
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES the%sel*es) The sa!ing that BOne should ne*er forget their #ulture0s language+ instead the! should spread it+D has 'a#,lashed Filipinos) ##ording to the online /uestionnaires ta,en ' ! Filipino students+ %an! of the% ta,e a Tagalog #lass) The students ,no( ho( to spea, their o(n language+ 'ut the! #hoose to #o%%uni#ate in another language) ll of the students ans(ered that the! listen to %usi# %ore in English than in Tagalog) Tagalog) $ith the older generation ad*ising the !ounger generation to go out into the foreign (orld+ the! feel that English is essential for the 'enefit of their #hildren and the%sel*es) $or,ing $or,ing a'road #reates %ore opportunities for Filipinos to find -o's+ so it is essential for the% to ha*e a 'asi# understanding and a'ilit! to spea, in English) If one does not ,no( ho( to spea, at least a #o%%on language (here the! are (or,ing+ the! are not a'le to #o%%uni#ate (ell (ith their #o(or,ers or e%plo!ers) 8ue to the fa#t that Filipinos are *er! fa%il! oriented+ in (hi#h the !ounger generation %ust help #are and pro*ide for their parents and elders+ as a s it is onl! respe#tful 'e#ause the! raised the% fro% a !oung age =$orld =$orld Startup $i,i+ n)d)?) Those (ho (ere 'orn in the Philippines rarel! ,no( or understand an! Filipino+ and onl! a s%all a%ount of Filipinos understand a handful hand ful of (ords in Tagalog) "nglish versus Tagalog.
English is not ,no(n to 'e a foreign language to lo#al Filipinos) Instead+ the! treat it as a se#ond language+ for so%e+ it is e*en their first language) t a !oung age+ Filipino #hildren are taught 'asi# English) $hen it #a%e to tea#hing a !oung #hild ho( to open and #lose their little hands+ Filipinos used English instead of Filipino or Tagalog) Filipino parents also tea#h their #hildren to ans(er eas! /uestions li,e+ B$hat #olor is the s,!JD and B$here0s !our nose+ %outh+ #hee,+ et#)JD So (hen the #hild %o*es on and enters Ele%entar! s#hool+ the! alread! ha*e a 'asi# understanding of English) E*en people (ho are of a lo(er e#ono%i# status #an pi#, up
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES si%ple English fro% hearing the (ords or phrases fro% the tele*ision or radio) =Espinosa+ 17?) $ith English 'eing used as the tea#hing %ediu% in the edu#ation s!ste%+ %ost students (ho graduate fro% high s#hool alread! ,no( ho( to hold a stead! #on*ersation in English) ll around the #ountr!+ #ountr !+ Filipinos Filipinos %i@ English and Tagalog Tagalog together+ and onl! a'out 44 of the residents in the Philippines spea, Tagalog Tagalog fluentl! =E*er!#ulture+ n)d)?) English is not onl! onl ! i%portant to those (ho (ant to (or, a'road+ 'ut it is also i%portant to Filipino0s 'e#ause it is a s,ill the! #an use in order to ad*an#e in a -o' or #areer in 'oth respe#ta'ilit! and %ar,eta'ilit!) The language is eas! to learn+ no %atter (hat the so#ial or e#ono%i# e#ono %i# status) Sin#e the Philippines #ontains %an! tourists0 spots+ %er#hants need to spea, English) $hen a noti#ea'le tourist (al,s do(n the %ar,et streets+ one #an hear shouts of English (ords or phrases 'eing shot to(ards the% as a (a! of ad*ertising (hat produ#ts the! ha*e+ and '! luring people to loo,+ or 'u ! their produ#ts) 5ost tourists feel as if the! are not in a foreign #ountr! (hen the! tra*el to the Philippines due to ho( (esterni"ed e*er!thing is) One #an find fa%ous %eri#an 'rands and produ#ts+ su#h as Pepsi+ La!s+ 8o(n!+ 8o (n!+ &ap+ and Old Na*!) 5ost Filipinos are prone to intentional h!'ridit!+ %eaning the! %a,e up ne( (ords and ne( traditions) n n e@a%ple of this is (hen people #all toothpaste+ Colgate+ or Cute@+ instead of nail polish '! first nature 'e#ause that0s that0s -ust ho( the! address it =Lee =Lee > $ong+ $ong+ 992?) 'reserving the %ilipino Culture.
It is i%portant to %aintain and preser*e a #ulture 'e# ause a #ulture is an identit! for a so#iet! of #losel! grouped people) ! %aintaining and preser*ing a #ulture+ people 'e#o%e %ore #losel! ,nit (ith ea#h other and #reate their o(n so#iet!) Culture gi*es people a #onne#tion to #ertain so#ial *alues+ 'eliefs+ religions+ and #usto%s =Culti*ating#ulture+ n)d)?) 5an! Filipinos (or, a'road+ a(a! fro% ho%e+ and (hen the! li*e in different #ountries+ the! tend to 'ond (ith
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES other Filipinos (ho are of the sa%e situation of the %) Parents (ho (ere 'orn in the Philippines and ha*e #hildren in the United States tend to not pass do(n or tea#h their #hildren a'out (hat the! ,no( a'out their #ulture) The! tea#h little to no Filipino to their #hildren+ so the! end up not ,no(ing ho( to spea, or understand the language =i%%igrationtal,+ 912?) Se#ond generation #hildren need to 'e infor%ed of their #ulture in order to re%e%'er their roots and their h eritage) If the se#ond generation (ere to do that+ then the! are a'le to #ontinue+ and pass do(n their #ulture to the ne@t generation =Constante+ 91 4?) In order to preser*e one0s #ulture+ no %atter (hi#h one it is+ one %ust learn a'out their o(n heritage) One #an do this '! si%pl! sitting do(n (ith parents and as,ing a'out (hat their #ulture is) Parents or e*en grandparents #an tea#h their #hildren or grand#hildren ho( to spea, the language) The easiest (a! to learn the Filipino language is to si%pl! turn on the tele*ision and (at#h so%e Filipino sho(s) ! doing that+ one #an pi#, up little phrases or (ords+ and (ill soon 'e a'le to put (ords together and 'uild up senten#es of their o(n) Parents should tea#h their #hildren a'out their 'a#,grounds 'e#ause it #an pro%ote a sense of pride of 'eing a Filipino =Constante+ 914?) &oing to a lo#al #ultural #enter #an pro*ide and 'uild a #o%%unit! that see,s to learn and preser*e the #ulture+ #u lture+ en#ouraging #o%%unit! parti#ipation =artle+ 912?) Conclusion
$esterni"ation $e sterni"ation in the Philippines has greatl! affe#ted the Filipino #ulture in (a!s that #an #o%pletel! (ipe out the uni/ue #ulture #u lture in onl! a %atter of !ears) 8ue to the #oloni"ation of the Philippines '! the %eri#ans+ English and other aspe#ts of the %eri#an #ulture ha*e 'een integrated into Filipino #ulture) Though the Filipino #ulture has a %i@ of other #ulture0s #hara#teristi#s+ li,e 5in Nan Chinese+ 5ala!+ and of #ourse+ the Spanish) Out of all the other #ultures+ the %eri#an #ulture has the greatest i%pa#t and influen#e on Filipino #ulture) English
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES is apparent and #an 'e seen e*er!(here on the streets in the Philippines) Filipinos do not thin, of English as a foreign language+ 'ut 'u t thin, of it as a se#ond language) For so%e+ it is their first language) Onl! a fe( people p eople a#tuall! spea, Tagalog fluentl! in the Philippines+ the rest of the population spea, different diale#ts+ English+ or a %i@ of English English and Tagalog+ Tagalog+ (hi#h is %ost popularl! ,no(n as Taglish) Taglish) lthough the pro%oting of the English language and %eri#an #ulture #ould e*entuall! 'e the #ause of a loss of #ulture+ Filipinos still en#ourage and (el#o%e it (ith open ar%s) Older generations tea#h the !ounger generations gene rations little to nothing a'out the Filipino #ulture) E*en the edu#ation s!ste%0s %ediu% %ediu% is 'ased off of the English language) It is dee%ed essential for Filipinos of the !ounger generation to *enture *en ture off and learn %ore English due to the fa#t that it opens up %ore -o' opportunities+ 'oth in the Philippines+ and a'road) 5an! #o%panies in the Philippines are 'ased off of %eri#an #o%paniesK their na%es+ produ#ts+ and ad*ertise%ents are al%ost all in English) It is fine to ha*e a little 'it of (esterni"ation in o ne0s #ulture+ #ulture+ though in the Philippines+ Ph ilippines+ (estern #ulture do%inates Filipino #ulture) It is 'est to %aintain and preser*e o ne0s o(n #ulture in order to #reate a %ore #losel! ,nit so#iet! in (hi#h people 'e#o%e %ore #onne#ted (ith ea#h other+ sharing the sa%e 'eliefs+ so#ial *alues+ and #usto%s)
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES Referen#es ranas+ ;) =n)d)?) The I%pa#ts and Influen#es of $e $estern stern Thoughts to: Filipino Thoughts+ Filipino Ps!#holog!+ and Filipino Philosoph!) Retrie*ed O#to'er + 914+ fro% https:((()a#ade%ia)edu636762TheMI%pa#tsMandMInfluen#esMofM$esternMThoughts MtoMFilipinoMThoughtsMFilipinoMPs!#holog!MandMFilipinoMPhilosoph! alins,i+ R) =n)d)?) %eri#as Influen#e in the Philippines) Retrie*ed O#to'er 1+ 914+ fro% http:preparetoser*e)#o%'loga%eri#as.influen#e.in.the.philippines artle+ P) =91+ ugust 12?) Preser*ing Culture) Retrie*ed 8e#e %'er 6+ 914+ fro% http:#e#)*#n)'#)#a#%p%odulese%p.pre)ht% Clar,+ N) =914+ ;ul! 9?) Edu#ation in the Philippines) Retrie*ed O#to'er 1+ 9 14+ fro% http:(enr)(es)org91497edu#ation.philippines Constante+ ) =914+ pril 14?) Filipino Cultural S#hool: Preser*ing and Pro%oting Philippine Heritage and Identit! Through the ears ears ; ; 5aga"ines) Retrie*ed 8e#e%'er 6+ 914+ fro% http:asian-ournal)#o%a-.%aga"inesfili http:asian-ournal)#o%a-.%aga"inesfilipino.#ultural.s#hool.preser*ing.and. pino.#ultural.s#hool.preser*ing.and. pro%oting.philippine.heritage.and.identit!.through.the.!ears pro%oting.philippine.heritage.and.identit!.thr ough.the.!ears Espinosa+ 8) =17+ 5ar#h 6?) English in the Philippines '! 8ora! Espinosa) Retrie*ed O#to'er 1+ 914+ fro% http:gilesig)org6Phil)ht% Ferra"+ E) =913+ ;ul! 19?) N,,(aG 5eet the So#ial 5edia Tool Thats Fluent in Filipino and
[email protected],)
[email protected],) Retrie*ed 8e#e%'er 8e #e%'er 6+ 914+ fro% https:((()te#hinasia)#o%n,,(a. https:((()te#hinasia)#o%n,,(a. %eet.so#ial.%edia.tool.fluent.filipino.te@tspea, &ulli*er+ &) =912+ ;ul! 19?) $estern $estern Culture in the Philippines) Retrie*ed O#to'er 4+ 914+ fro% http:((()%ultirational)#o%(estern.#ul http:((()%ultirational)#o%(estern.#ulture.in.the.philippines ture.in.the.philippines
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES Hol%/uist+ ;) P) =912?) English in ;apanese ;apan ese and Philippine d*ertising) English d*ertising) English in Japanese and Philippine Advertising: An An Exploratory Comparison, 9+ .1) Retrie*ed No*e%'er 2+ 914+ fro% http:((()-g'%)orgpage99ndre(9Cud%ore)pdf http:((()-g'%)orgpage99ndre(9Cud%ore)pdf The I%portan#e of Cultural Heritage) =n)d)?) Retrie*ed 8e#e %'er 6+ 914+ fro% http:((()#ulti*ating#ulture)#o%9129394the.i%portan#e.of.#ultural.heritage Itthipal,ul+ P) =99+ 5ar#h 11?) The Philippines efore 8a(n of the $estern $estern Coloni"ation) Retrie*ed O#to'er 4+ 914+ fro% https:,no(ledgea#ti*is%)(ordpress)#o%991192the.philippines.'efore.da(n.of. the.(estern.#oloni"ation Lee+ R) C)+ > $ong+ S) C) =992?) sian %eri#a)Net: %eri#a)Net: Ethni#it!+ Nationalis%+ and C!'erspa#e) Retrie*ed 8e#e%'er 7+ 914+ fro% https:'oo,s)google)#o%'oo,sJ id!2@t*oC>pgP16>lpgP id!2@t*oC>pgP 16>lpgP16>d/filipinossa!#olgate 16>d/filipinossa!#olgate insteadof toothpaste>sour#e'l>otsQ/$Ru@fsSN>sigQ9&6/52"#C""Asl4&N<;Paa A>hlen>sa>*ed9ahUE(-f4Q!R4n;h<R3Hf-CFA6EI;"C*one page>/filipinos9sa!9#olgate9instead9of9toothpaste>ffalsee page>/filipinos9sa!9#olgate9instead9of9toothpaste>ffals 5#&eo(n+ ) =91+ No*e%'er 1?) The Philippines: Ph ilippines: The $orlds $orlds udget English Tea#her) Tea#her) Retrie*ed O#to'er 4+ 914+ fro% http:((()''#)#o%ne(s'usiness.99669 http:((()''#)#o%ne(s'usiness.99669 Nord/uist+ R) =n)d)?) Notes nn English in the Philippines) Retrie*ed 8e#e%'er 1+ 914+ fro% http:gra%%ar)a'out)#o%'9121113notes. http:gra%%ar)a'out)#o%'9121113notes.on.english.in.the.philippines)ht% on.english.in.the.philippines)ht% Philippines #ultural a(areness) =n)d)?) Retrie*ed O#to'er + 914+ fro% http:((()(orldstartup(i,i)orgpagePhili http:((()(orldstartup(i,i)orgpagePhilippines9Cultural9( ppines9Cultural9(areness areness
LOSS OF CULTURE CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES Philippines Language Stats) =n)d)?) Retrie*ed O#to'er 1+ 914+ fro% http:((()nation%aster) http:((()nation%aster)#o%#ountr!.infoprofilesPhili #o%#ountr!.infoprofilesPhilippinesLanguage ppinesLanguage The Philippines) =n)d)?) Retrie*ed fro% http:((()e*er!#ulture)#o%No.SaThe. http:((()e*er!#ulture)#o%No.SaThe. Philippines)ht%l Press Referen#e) =n)d)?) Retrie*ed O#to'er 1+ 914+ 9 14+ fro% http:((()pressreferen#e)#o%No. http:((()pressreferen#e)#o%No. SaPhilippines)ht%l S) =99+ O#to'er 9?) %eri#an influen#e in the Philippines) Retrie*ed O#to'er 4+ 914+ fro% http:la,'ai)#o%99199a%eri#an.influen#e.in.the.philippines Tho%pson+ I) =914+ Septe%'er 7?) Tagalog) Retrie*ed 8e#e%'er 1+ 914+ fro% http:a'out(orldlanguages)#o%tagalog Tho%pson+ R) 5) =992+ ;anuar! ;anuar ! 1?) Filipino English and Taglish) Taglish) Retrie*ed 8e#e%'er 1+ 914+ fro% https:'oo,s)google)#o%'oo,sJid$1hoFr-. 5C>lpgP23>otsU1*oQgEM/>d/English9used9in9the9filipino 9language>pgPR6*onepage>/>ffalse $h! is the Preser*ation of Cultures I%portantJ =912+ 5ar#h 13?) Retrie*ed 8e#e%'er 6+ 914+ fro% The I%portan#e of Cultural Heritage) =n)d)?) Retrie*ed 8e#e%'er 6+ 914+ fro% http:((()#ulti*ating#ulture)#o%9129394the.i%portan#e.of.#ultural.heritage
