IP Addressing or Subnetting in (ROMAN URDU)

0| Aroo Io`rejeh (A`yy`z @ngol)

BRBC06:80618

’BI@RRVCCG JE @ FCCK‗ \cpjb=

Bi`ss ? = Ljsbuss JT @llross cr Rufeottjeh.

Lcweic`l Aroo Fccks `t=

XXX.O`syTooz]j.bcg

Xn`ts O`syToozj3

Fy= O`syTooz]j O`sy Tooz]j.bcg .bcg

---------------\njs Fcck js wrjttoe fy

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BRBC06:80618

Xn`ts O`syToozj3 \no jlo` fonjel O`syToozj js js tn`t wnjbn g`kos Io`rejeh jt‚s vory O`sy acr Ovoryceo . Je O`syToozj wo n`vo 6 b`rtcce bn`r`btor tno fcy js O`sy & tno Hjri js Toozzj  ycu bè soo tno pjb foicw wnjbn noip ycu tc Vo`l Vo`l fccks, fichs vory o`sjiy. Je O`sypoozzj sjto sjto J upic`l gy Olub`tjce gy ectos gy bcebopt wnjbn J n`vo je gy ajoil èl try tc sn`ro

wjtn ycu ìi huys je Vcgè sc ycu bè ìsc Io`re tnjs Bcebopt Pujbkiy & O`sjiy `s ycu kecw Oehijsn kecw Oehijsn cr Ect cr Ect .. ..

J jevost gy icts ca \jgo & Oaacrts tc fujil sjto io`re tnjs tnjehs g`kjeh ìi ectos èl fccks je Vcgè typo tncusèls ca wcrls fy gy soia & Rn`ro gy kecwiolho wjtn ìi ca ycu. sc t`ko Jt sorjcus io`re tnjehs qujbkiy hc `no`l èl oemcy tno sncw. Acr aurtnor lot`jis vjsjt Rjto

www.O`sypoozzj.bcg ncpo tnjs sjto js noipaui ycu èl ctnors èl jts

jeacrg`tjvo tc io`re tnoso tnjehs Pujbkiy & O `sjiy. Rc4c jt‚s ìi `fcut O`syToozzj .

Aoolf`bk O `sypoozzjDhg`ji.bcg @ii bcetoets bcpyrjhnt @ii rjhnts ros orvol. Ec p`rt ca tnjs lcbugoet cr tno roi`tol ajios g`y fo roprclubol cr trèsgjttol je èy acrg, fy èy goès (oiobtrcejb, pnctcbcpyjeh, robcrljeh, cr ctnorwjso) wjtncut tno prjcr wrjttoe porgjssjce ca tno pufijsnor. pufijsnor.

O`syTooz]j O`sy Tooz]j.bcg .bcg


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\c jb Bcvors je tnjs Fcck


BRBC06:80618

JT @llrossjeh & Rufeottjeh Bcetèt

T`ho Ec

JT _JT @llross= ✒ ✒ ✒ ✒ ✒ ✒ ✒ ✒ ✒ ✒ ✒ ✒ ✒

JTv< @llrossjeh3 Loajeo Fctn JT‚s3 Vèho ca JT `llross3 Ljsbussjce `fcut JTv<3 Rufeot G`sk3 Xjilb`rl G`sk3 Ncw tc bìbui`to Xjilb`rl g`sk3 Rufeot BJLV3 Ncw tc loajeo ` Bi`ss fy J@E@3 Xny G`lo Bi`ssos J@E@3 Tufijb& Trjv`to @llross3 Trjv`to @llross Vèho ca Aroo jp‚s3 Iccpf`bk Eugfor (068)3

4< 4?

41

48 4>

Rufeottjeh= ✒ ✒ ✒ ✒

Loajeo Rufeottjeh3 Loajeo Qìuos3 _sos ca Rufeottjeh3 Rufeottjeh ca Bi`ss B=

4: 04 00

QIRG= ✒ ✒ ✒ ✒ ✒

Loajeo QIRG3 Ajrst Frèbn 044 Ncst roqujrol Robcel Frèbn 14 Ncst roqujrol \njrl Frèbn 24 Ncst roqujrol Acrtn Frèbn 04 Ncst roqujrol



0? 01

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<| Aroo Io`rejeh (A`yy`z @ngol)

BRBC06:80618

JT `llross goès k @hor nug `pey kossj bcgputors kc Eotwcrk k s`tn bceeobt k`re` bnty ny cr bnty ny k wc bcgputors `pp`s gy l`t` fnj sn`ro k`ry o`k lcsry k s`tn tc w`n` n`ggy n`ggy n`g`ry bcgputors kj jloetjty bnyoo nchj us kj scurbo icb`tjce cr lostje`tjce icb`tjce k` bcgputor kc p`t` nce` bnyoo t`ky

wc lostje`tjce bcgputor sy bcgguejb`to k`r s`ky. Ox`gpio Mossy k nugg`ry gcfjios pnceos `h`r nugg`y kossj sy f`t k`rej nctj ny tc n`ggy us porsce k` eugfor bn`yoo nct` ny mjs sy n`ggy f`t k`rej nu Vjhnt. \c s`go ossj t`rn` n`g`ry bcgputor kc fnj eugfors bn`yo ncty ny t`ky bcgputors `pp`s gy bcgguejb`to k`r s`ky sc y`n` nug bcgputors k eugfor k ioy JT `llross k` uso k`rty ny mc ue bcgputors k ioy ue k` eugfor k` k`g k`rtj ny cr bcgputors kc eotwcrk sy bceeobt k`r k l`t` sno`rjeh cr bcgguejb`tjce prcvjlo k`rtj ny.

0)

JT Qorsjce <

6)

JT Qorsjce 1

JTv1 jgpiogoet nchy` tn` 0::: gy fut nug`ry p`ss JTv< kj rèho `fnj f`kkj tnj m`fnj nug JTv< kc nj `f t`k uso k`r r`ny tny. Tor `f `njs t` `njst` JTv1 jgpiogoet nc r`n` ny cr kàj m`h`nu py nc fnj bnukk` ny. JTv< n`g`r` 26 fjt k` `llross nct` ny mjs gy fjt k` nct` ny sc > guitjpiy fy < jts oquìs tc 26 js t`rn` n`gr` JTv< 26fjt k` 0 bcgpioto `llross fèt` ny JTv< gy 2 t`rn` sy bcgguejb`tjce nctj ny 0st js _ejb`st (Ceo tc ceo bcgguejb`tjce) 6el Guitjb`st (Ceo tc Gèy bcgguejb`tjce) & 2rl ceo js Frc`lb`st (Ceo tc ìi bcgguejb`tjce) cr JTv1 06> fjt k` 0 i`rho `llross nct` ny. Js gy fnj 2 t`rn` sy bcgguejb`tjce nctj ny 0st js _ejb`st goès (Ceo tc ceo bcgguejb`tjce) 6el Guitjb`st (Ceo tc Gèy bcgguejb`tjce) & 2rl ceo js @eyb`st (Ceo tc Bicsot)

@eyb`st JTv1 0 eow `lljtjce ny ropi`bogoet ca Frc`lb`st.



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?| Aroo Io`rejeh (A`yy`z @ngol)

BRBC06:80618

JT @llross

Eotwcrk pcrtjce

Ncst pcrtjce

Bi`ss @

0 tc 061 061

E.N.N.N/6< E.N.N.N /6< 66<7 01,688,601

0 Eotwcrk 2 ncst pcrtjce.

Bi`ss F

06> tc 0:0 0:0 6??.6??.4.4 /01 /01

E.E.N.N E.E. /01 601 7 1<,?21 N.N/01

6 Eotwcrk 6 ncst pcrtjce.

Bi`ss B

0:6 tc 662 662 6??.6??.6??.4 /6< /6<

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2 Eotwcrk 0ncst pcrtjce.

Bi`ss L

66< tc 62:

Vosorvo acr Voso`rbn/Lovo Voso`rbn/Lovoicpgoet icpgoet

Bi`ss O

6<4 tc 6??

Vosorvo acr Voso`rbn/Lovoi Voso`rbn/Lovoicpgoet cpgoet

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T

T

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@hor nug JTv< kj f`t k`ry tc JTv< gy < Cbtot ncty ny ossj ioy nug ussy 26 fjt `llross knty ny cr js k` Gjejgug eugfor nct` ny 0 cr G`xjgug eugfor 6?? nct` ny JTv< 0:>: g`j jgpiogoet ncj tnj cr t`f ussy ? bi`ssos gy loajeo kjy`` h`y` tn` mjs sy nug JTs kc `pey eotwcrk roqujrogoet k `bbcrljeh uso k`r s`ky. B i`ss i`ss @, B i`ss i`ss F & B i`ss i`ss B yo i`ss L & B i`ss i`ss O yo wc Bi`ssos ny mc nug `pey eotwcrk gy uso k`rty ny B i`ss

Voso`rbn y` gjijt`ry Eotwcrk k ioy uso kj m`tj ny. Rc `h`r gy y`n` f`t k`ru k js k` i`rhost eugfor 6?? q ny sc lokny JTv< gy < cbtot ncty ny cr nor 0 cbtot > fjt k` nct` ny tc `h`r nug Bi`ss @ kj JT kc _so k`ry cr js k s`ry cbtot k fjts kc cpoe k`r ly tc JT n`ggy kubn js t`rn` lokny hj fje`ry wcrljeh g`j 00000000 00000000..44444444 44444444..44444444 44444444..44444444 44444444 mjs gy eotwcrk k` pcrtjce 0 nch` cr ncst k pcrtjce 4 ncehy tc `f `h`r gy 0 kj pcwors ejkìc je eugfors kc bìbui`to k`rey k ioy ijko kubn js t`rn` sy 68.61.6?.6<.62.66.60.64 tc je kj pcwors bìbui`to k`rey k f`l ajeì rosuit kubn Js t`rn` ``yo h` ijko 6 kj pcwor 8 jts 7 tc 06> èl tnoe 1 sc ce . 1<.26.01.>.<.6.0 sc `f `h`r gy je suf kj pcwors kc pius k`rc tc gory p`ss je kj tctì vìuo 6?? `yo hj m`fnj yo JTv< k` G`xjgug Eugfor ny js k f`l kcj fnj fnj JT uso e`nj k`rty cr ossj ioy ioy mc eotwcrk pcrtjce nct` ny ny sufeot g`j nug nug ussy 6?? sy roprosoet k`rty ny cr n`g`r` sufeot s ufeot g`sk fnj ossy sy roprosoet nct` ny.

Rufeot G`sk roprosoet nct` ny n`g`ry eotwcrks k ioy k nug kce sy Eotwcrk kj JT kc _so k`r r`ny ny `h`r Bi`ss @ kj JT ny us gy sjra 0 Eotwcrk Tcrtjce ny tc usk` Rufeot G`sk nct` ny 6??.4.4.4 6??.4.4.4 cr cr Bi`ss F gy 6 Eotwcrk Tcrtjce ncty ny tc us k` Rufeot G`sk nct` ny 6??.6??.4.4 6??.6??.4.4 cr cr Bi`ss B gy gy 2 Eotwcrk

pcrtjce ncty ny tc Bi`ss B k` Rufeot G`sk nct` ny 6??.6??.6??.4 6??.6??.6??.4 tc sufeot n`gg`ry Eotwcrk kc roprosoet k`rt` ny k nug kce sy eotwcrk kc uso k`r r`ny ny.



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BRBC06:80618

Cr ossj t`rn` yo Vcutor kc fnj noip k`rt` ny Frc`lb`stjeh rckey k ioy mossy nj kossj 0 eotwcrk kj Frc`lb`st Vcutor k p`ss m`tj ny tc Vcutor suf sy pniy us JT k` Rufeot G`sk bnobk k`rt` ny `h`r wc

Rufeot G`sk us k lcsr`y jetora`bo sy bceeobt Eotwcrk sy g`tbn nct` ny tc Vcutor ussy `hyo Acrw`rl k`r lyt` ny Cr `h`r Rufeot G`sk s`go e`nj nct` tc wc Frc`lb`stjeh kc w`nj rck lyt` ny. Ossj ioy Bi`ss @ kj mc JTs nctj ny us gy Eotwcrk pcrtjce 0 nct` ny cr f`kj k pcrtjce Ncst pcrtjces ncty ny mc k bcgputors k ioy uso ncty ny tc eotwcrk pcrtjce 0 g`ti`f > fjt auii ny ossj ioy nug Bi`ss @ kj Jp kc /> k` Rufeot G`sk fnj knty ny cr Bi`ss F kj JT gy 6 Tcrtjce auii tc nug ussy /01 k` Rufeot G`sk /6< < k` eotwcrk knty ny qk us gy 2 Eotwcrk pcrtjce uso knty ny cr cr Bi`ss B k k Rufeot G`sk kc nug /6

ncty ny sc > guitjpiy fy 2 jts oquìs tc 6<.

Xjilb`rl g`sk cppcsjto nct` ny sufeot g`sk ky m`jsy k nug sufeot g`sk gy 0 fjt kc bcuet k`rty ny cr 4 fjt kc jhecro k`rty ny ossj t`rn` nug Xjilb`rl g`sk gy 4 fjt kc bcuet k`rty ny cr 0 fjt kc jhecro k`rty ny. Xjilb`rl g`sk gy 4 fjts bnobk ncty ny cr 0 fjt jhecros ncty ny. Bi`ss @ k` Rufeot G`sk 6??.4.4.4 6??.4.4.4 nct` nct` ny sc js Xjilb`rl G`sk g`j 6?? 0 pcrtjce ny g`ti`f yo 0 ny mc

sufeot g`sk gy bcuet nct` ny tc Xjilb`rl k ioy nug 6?? kj m`h` 0 sy ussy 4 k`r ly h` cr f`kkj kj 4 fjts kc 0 k`r ly hy qk Xjilb`rl g`sk cppcsjto nct` ny sufeot g`sk k. Rc Bi`ss @ k` Xjilb`rl G`sk fèey h` 4.6??.6??.6?? 4.6??.6??.6?? cppcsjto cppcsjto ca sufeot. Bi`ss F Rufeot G`sk 6??.6??.4.4 6??.6??.4.4 Xjilb`rl Xjilb`rl G`sk 4.4.6??.6??

Fut k`fnj k`fnj nugg`y js t`rn` k` fnj sufeot lokney kc gjit` ny ijko 6??.0:6.4.4 6??.0:6.4.4 tc tc js bceljtjce gy nug js g`sk k` wji`lb`st g`sk ejkìey k ioy js g`sk kc gjeus k`r`ty ny Hicfìiy sufeot g`sk sy mc ny 6??.6??.6??.6?? sc 6??.6??.6??.6?? sc 6??.0:6.4.4 6??.0:6.4.4 gjeus/ gjeus/- 6??.6??.6??.6?? 6??.6??.6??.6?? sc sc Xjilb`rl g`sk `yo h` 4.4.12.6?? 4.4.12.6?? ossj ossj t`rn` 0 cr ox`gpio ijko g`sk ny 6??.6??.06>.4 6??.6??.06>.4 sc `h`je gjeus tnjs g`sk jetc hicfìiy g`sk ijko 6??.6??.6??.6?? gjeus 6??.6??.6??.6?? gjeus 6??.6??.06>.4 6??.6??.06>.4 sc sc Xjilb`rl g`sk js 4.4.068.6?? 4.4.068.6?? `s `s sjgpio.

Nug mc sufeot g`sk js t`rn` io`knty ny ijko /04 y` /0? /0? tc tc js t`rn` k g`sk kc BJLV g`ti`f (Bi`ssioss Jetor Lcg`je Vcutjeh) knty ny.



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BRBC06:80618

J@E@ (Jetoreot @ssjheol Eugfors @utncrjty) ey JTs kc Bi`ssos gy ljvjlo kjy` qk mjtej n`g`ry Eotwcrk kj roqujrogoet ny nug ussy njs`f sy ussj Bi`ss kj JT kc uso k`r s`ky. suppcso ``h`r gor` Rgìi Eotwcrk ny tc w`n` gy Bi`ss B kj kj JT kc _so k`ric h` @h`r Goljug Eotwcrk ny tc Bi`ss F kj JT cr `h`r I`rho Eotwcrk ny tc w`n` gy Bi`ss @ kj JT kc uso k`ru h`. Xc kossy3 Rjgpio Bi`ss @ gy Eotwcrk pcrtjce ncty ny 0 sc us k` eotwcrk pcrtjce ncw` ny /> /> f`kj f`kj k mc 2 pcrtjce f`bny us k` ncst pcrtjce ncw` /6< /6< yo yo ncw` Bi`ss @ k` Ncst pcrtjce sc `h`r `p 6 kj pcwor ichy 6< sc rosuit ``yo h` (01,688,601) (01,688,601) tc tc nug Bi`ss @ kj JT kc uso k`rty ncwy jtey bcgputors kc JT `ssjhe

k`r s`kty ny @ator sufeottjeh tc ossj ioy Bi`ss @ uso nctj ny I`rho eotwcrk k ioy. Cr Bi`ss F gy 6 Eotwcrk Tcrtjce ncty ny /01 /01 sc sc pnor n`ggy 6 Ncst pcrtjce gjity ny /01 /01 sc sc 6 kj pcwor 01 sc sc rosuit ``yo h` (1?,?21) (1?,?21) tc tc Bi`ss F kj JT kc uso k`rty ncwy nug jtey Bcgputors kc JTs `ssjhe k`r

s`kty ny. & Bi`ss B gy gy ncty ny 2 Eotwcrk Tcrtjce /6< /6< sc sc ncst pcrtjce k ioy f`bnty ny must /> /> sc sc 6 kj pcwor > sc rosuit ``yo h` (6?1) (6?1) tc tc Bi`ss B kj kj JT kc uso k`rty ncwy nug jtey Bcgputors kc JTs `ssjhe k`r sk`ty ny. Ossj ioy Bi`ss B Rgìi Rgìi eotwcrk k ioy uso kj m`tj ny qk us gy bcgputors kj Vèho fnut k`g gjitj ny tc J@E@ ey yo Bi`ssos js ioy fèe`j t`ky nug `pey Eotwcrk k gut`fjk _ssj Bi`ss kj JT kc uso k`r s`kky.

J@E@ 0 ossj jetore`tjceì Crhèjz`tjce ny mc JT @llrossos kc bro`to k`rtj ny cr yo crhèjz`tjce eow JTs kc iùebn fnj k`rtj ny Rc nug `f yo s`gmnty ny k J@E@ ey yo Bi`ssos kossy f`è`j. Loajeo Bi`ss @=

J@E@ ey je Bi`ssos kc ljvjlo k`rty w`qt Bi`ss @ gy sy js k kcj fnj Fjt uso e`nj kjyoo ossj ioy Bi`ss @ Rt`rt nctj ny 4 sy iy iok`r 6??. Loajeo Bi`ss F=

\noe m`f J@E@ ey Bi`ss F kc ljvjlo kj` tc J@E@ ey Bi`ss F k Fjts kj 0 pcwor kc uso kj` ioat tc rjhnt sc n`g`ry > cbtot gy sy i`st fjt kj pcwor ijko 6 8 sc jts oquìs tc 06> 06> sc sc js t`rn` J@E@ ey Bi`ss F k i`st fjt kj pcwor kc uso k`rty ncwy Bi`ss F kj JT Rt`rt kj 06> 06> sy sy iy k`r 0:0 0:0 t`k. t`k. Loajeo Bi`ss B =

Ecw quostjce js tn`t k i`st kj JT n`gy kossy kossy p`t` bnìtj n`j k 0:0 0:0 nj nj nchj tc J@E@ ey ? Bi`ssos fèej Bi`ssos fèej cr pniy ue pèbnu bi`ssos kc ljvjlo kj` kj` tc `hor J@E@ ey ey Bi`ss F k ioy us kj 0 pcwor kc uso kj` cr Bi`ss B ejkìey k ioy J@E@ ey ussj fjt kj 6 pcwors kc uso kj` ijko 6 8 & 6 1 sc yo nct` ny 06>+1< 7 0:6 0:6 sc sc ossj



---------------

>| Aroo Io`rejeh (A`yy`z @ngol)

BRBC06:80618

ioy Bi`ss B kj JT Rt`rt ncj 0:6 0:6 sy sy tnoe pnor ossj t`rn` Bi`ss L Rt`rt ncj 66< 66< sy sy qk js gy 2 fjts kc uso kj` tn` cr Bi`ss O Rt`rt Rt`rt ncj 6<4 6<4 sy sy qk js gy < fjts kc uso kj` h`y`. Rc js t`rn` J@E@ ey Bi`ssos kc Ljvjlo kj` cr eow eotwcrk gjit` r`n` tc m`n` sy wc eow eotwcrk st`rt nc r`n` tn` us k i`st ljhjt n`g`rj pniy bi`ss k` oeljeh ljhjt fè h`y` ijko Bi`ss @ js 4 tc 061 cr 068 iccpf`bk eugfor nct` ny m`fnj nug ossy JT gy uso e`nj k`rty cr 06> mc k Bi`ss F kj JT gy m` k i`h h`y` Rjgpio.

JTs 6 t`rn` sy uso nctj ny 0st Tufijb JT cr 6el Trjv`to JT . Tufijb JTs n`ggy J@E@ sy Turbn`so k`rej p`rtj ny mossy ``m mc nug `pey JRT JRT sy jetoreot uso k`rey k`rey k ioy JTs iyty ny wc n`gg`rj n`gg`rj Tufijb JTs nctj ny mje kj p`ygoet nugy p`y k`rej nctj ny Vjhnt mossy k Hcchio k Rorvors ny A`bofcck k Rorvos ny je kj JTs Ceijeo ny tc yo J@E@ sy purbn`sol ny cr jetoreot por `v`ji`fio ny tc Tufijb Jp n`ggy J@E@ sy purbn`so k`rej p`rtj ny nug cr Trjv`to JT Aroo nctj ny mc nug `pey icbì Eotwcrk k ioy uso k`rty ny cr je gy fnj kubn Vèhos nctj ny wnjbn goetjce foicw.

Trjv`to @llross Vèho ca Aroo jp‚s 0)

Bi`ss @

04.4.4.0

tc

04.6?<.6?<.6?< 04.6?<.6?<.6 ?<

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Eotwcrk)

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Bi`ss F

086.01.4.4

tc

086.20.6?<.6?< 086.20.6?<.6?<

(0?

Eotwcrk)

2)

Bi`ss B

0:6.01>.4.4

tc

0:6.01>.6?<.6?< 0:6.01>.6?<.6?<

(6?<

Eotwcrk)

Rc J@E@ e` uenj JTs gy sy kubn JTs kc Trjv`to k ioy rosorvo k`r ljy` t`ky nug ossy icbìiy fnj aroo g`j uso k`r s`ky TB‚s kj bcgguejb`tjce k ioy cr kubn JTs kc Tufijb k ioy rosorvo k`r ljy`. \c M`f t`k `p `pey icbì eotwcrk k jel`r nj bcgguejb`tjce k`r r`ny tc t`f tc nug prjv`to Jp kc nj uso k`r s`kty ny qk wc jetoreìiy bcgguejb`tjce k ioy uso nc r`nj ny por m`f nug jetoreìiy bcgguejb`tjce sy ejkì k`r Oxtoreìiy bcgguejb`tjce g`ti`f cut ca tno caajbo kossj cr frèbn sy y` kossj cr Eotwcrk y` jetoreot kc `bboss k`re` bn`ny hy tc w`n` n`ggy pufijb JT kj roqujrol nchj mc n`ggy ceijeo bceeobtjvjty prcvjlo k`ry hj ce jetoreot sy bceeobt k`ryhj.

Iccp f`bk 0 Qjrtuì JT `llross `llross nctj ny mc k pjeh kj roquost k` rpiy k`rtj ny cr Iccp F`bk JTs n`gosn` `btjvo rontj ny k`fnj lcwe st`to gy e`nj m`tj. JTv< gy Iccp f`bk JT ny 068.4.4.4 068.4.4.4 yo yo JT n`ggy pjeh bcggèl k` rospceso lytj ny. `h`r n`ggy eotwcrk eotwcrk por kossj bcgputor kj bceeobtjvjty bnobk k`rej nu k wc systog eotwcrk por n`j y` e`nj tc nug w`n` iccpf`bk JT k tnrcw us kj bceeobtjvjty bnobk k`r s`kty ny.



---------------

:| Aroo Io`rejeh (A`yy`z @ngol)

BRBC06:80618

Nug Iccp F`bk JT knul sy fnj bceajhuro b ceajhuro k`r s`kty ny BJRBC k Vcutor por js sy a`jl` yo nch` k Bijoet sjlo k bcgputors por nug H`tow`y JT ’ Iccp f`bk JT ‗ bceajhuro k`r ly tc `h`r Vcutor k` 0jetora`bo Lcwe fnj ncm`t` ny tc n`ggy s`ry TBs py ue k` H`tow`y Bnèho e`nj k`re` p`rt` lcsr` jetora`bo _T ncey k f`l wcnj Qjrtuì JT yèj Iccp F`bk JT `s ` H`tow`y @B\ K`re` Rt`rt k`rlytj ny. Oss` ecrgìiy m`f nct` n`j m`f nug guitjpio guitjpio rcutors g`j ANVT \obnejb kc uso k`rty n`j R c tn`t‚s ìi `fcut JTv< @llrossjeh & tno eoxt sobtjce wo wjii Rufeottjeh wnjbn js tno p`rt ca BBE@‗ ’

AIRG (Ajxol Ioehtn Rufeot G`sk) Rufeottjeh o`k oss` w`y n`j mjs g`j nug o`k i`rho eotwcrk kc sgìior ljaaoroet eotwcrks g`j `pej roqujrogoet k `bbcrljeh ljvjlo k`rty n`j ijko o`k nj Bi`ss kj JTs kc uso k`rty ncwy ussy guitjpio eotwcrk gy ljvjlo k`rey kc sufeottjeh knty ny. suppcso < caajbos ny cr bn`ru gy nj Bi`ss B k eotwcrk kj JT kc uso k`re` ny fut eotwcrk ljaaoroet nc yo roqujrogoet n`j tc js b`so g`j nug sufeottjeh kc uso k`rty ncwy Bi`ss B kj JT kc < ljaaoroet eotwcrks gy ljvjlo k`rty n`j.

Ruppcso `h`r gumny `pey nor caajbo gy 14 bcgputor roqujro ny bn`ru caajbo gy 14Y14 bcgputor fut je ` ljaaoroet eotwcrk js t`rn` kj sufeottjeh kc AIRG( Ajx Ioehnt Rufeot G`sk ) knty ny `h`r oquì pcrtjce k`rey nc tu cr `h`r ljaaoroet pcrtjce k`rey ny m`jsy 0 caajbo gy 044 bcgputor cr lcsry caajbo gy ?4 bcgputor tc js t`rn` kj sufeottjeh s ufeottjeh kc QIRG (Q`rj`fio Ioehtn Rufeot G`sk) knty ny.

Ncw tc Rufeot3 Rufeottjeh k`rey sy pniy kubn f`sjbs fnut jgpcrtèt ny m`jsy k Bi`ss @ gy 0 Eotwcrk fjt nct` ny cr 2 Ncst fjt ncty ny. \c `h`r gy ue > fjt kj pcwor iyt` nu tc gumy vìuo gjitj ny 6?? Vjhnt. Fut sufeottjeh gy n`g`ry sufeot g`sk bnèho ncty ny. Mossy sufeottjeh gy sufeot g`sk kubn js t`rn` fnj ``t` ny k /: /:,, /04,, /62 /04 /62,, /6>.

\c `h`r /: /: k` k` g`sk n`j tu 6??.4.4.4 6??.4.4.4 g`ti`f g`ti`f /> /> g`sk g`sk > fjt auii n`j èl /: /: g`sk g`sk k ioy 0 fjt nug ncst pcrtjce sy fcrrcw k`rty n`jj t`ky /: /: g`sk g`sk bro`to nc s`ky sc ijko 6??. 6??.0 04444444. 44444444.44 44444444.44444444 444444 sc sc `f mc 0 fjt nug ey fcrrcw fcrrcw k`r` n`j ncst ncst pcrtjce sy nug js kc pcwor kc sufeot g`j `ll k`rty k`rty n`j ijko 6 kj pcwor pcwor 8 68 7 06> sc /: /: k` k` sufeot g`sk nch` 6??.06>.4.4 6??.06>.4.4 àtor àtor sufeottjeh cr js gy ncst kj vìuo fnj f`rn m`yo hy.



---------------

04 | A r o o I o ` r e j e h ( A ` y y ` z @ n g o l )

BRBC06:80618

Ossj t`rn` `h`r /04 k` g`sk ny tc > fjt 0 pcrtjce sy bcgpioto nch`yo cr 6 fjt us k f`r`for wìiy ncst pcrtjce sy ijyoo ijko 6??. 6??.00 00444444. 444444. 44444444.4444 44444444.44444444 4444 `f je fjts kj pcwors kc pius kj` ijko 06> + 1< 7 0:6 tc /04 /04 k` k` sufeot g`sk `yo h` 6??.0:6.4.4 6??.0:6.4.4 àtor àtor sufeottjeh.

Cr js kc y`l k`rey k` `sè t`rjk` ny k nug fjts kj pcwor pniy bìbui`to k`r k y`l k`r iy k `h`r jtey fjt iyey ny tc kj` vìuo ``yo hj tc js sy `sèj ncm`tj ny sufeottjeh k`rey gy. Ajrst Vogjel Tcwors ca 6= 6 kj Tcwors

Ecw Fcrrcw Fjts èl bìbui`to vìuo= Fcrrcw Fjts

Qìuos

Qìuos

\no vìuo bìbui`to ioat tc rj hnt

6 kj pcwor 8 ijko 68

7

06>

Fcrrcw 0 fjt sc vìuo js

7

06>


7

1<


7

0:6

6 kj pcwor ? ijko 6?

7

26


7

66<

6 kj pcwor < ijko 6<

7

01

Fcrrcw < fjt sc vìuo js

7

6<4


7

>

Fcrrcw ? fjt sc vìuo js

7

6<>


7

<


7

6?6


7

6


7

6?<


7

0

Fcrrcw > fjt sc vìuo js

7

6??

Rufeottjeh gy roqujrol yo ny k mjteoy fnj fjts k``g p`ry `pey / g`sk kc kc bcgpioto k`rey k ioy sc f`r`for wìy ncst pcrtjce sy utey fjt iy ky ue kj vìuo kc pjbk k`r iy m`jsy `h`r ? vìuo pjbk kj ny tu g`sk `yo h` 6??.6<>.4.4 6??.6<>.4.4 js js t`rn` sy fs ncst pcrtjce k fjts kc 4 sy 0 bcuet k`re` nct` ny cr `pej roqujrogoet k `bbcrljeh ncst pcrtjce sy fjts kc fcrrcws k`re` nct` n`j .

’ Rufeottjeh o`k o`k w`y nct` ny mjs sy nug f`ry eotwcrk kj JT Vèho kc bncty eotwcrks gy fro`k k`rty ny `pej eotwcrk roqujroegoet k `bbcrljeh ‗

0) O`sy tc trcufiosncct. 6) 0 nj bi`ss kj JT kc uso k`rty ncwy ussy sgìior ljaaoroet eotwcrk g`j ljvjlo k`re`. 2) 0 f`ry eotwcrk kc sgìi eotwcrks gy ljvjlo k`re`. <) Lobro`so sjzo ca frc`lb`st lcg`je. _



---------------


BRBC06:80618

V oquojrl oquojrl Ncst <4 o`bn Eotwcrk=

Rufeottjeh Bi`ss = Bi`ss = 0:6.01>.04.4/6 0:6.01>.04.4/6< < tc sufeottjeh k`rey k ioy n`gy yo lokne` p`rt` ny k kjs 6 kj pcwor gy gumny <4 ncst `sèj `sèj sy gji s`kty ny, tc pniy n`ggy Voqujrol ncst ejkìey ny mc k sufeottjeh gy N sy roprosoet ncty ny. 0) V oqujrol oqujrol Ncst=

Rc pniy n`gy N kj Qìuo ejkìej p`rtj ny yèj Ncst fjt k kjs pcwor kc iy k nug `pej roqujrogoet pcrj k`r s`kty ny. tc `h`r gy y`n` 6 kj pcwor 1 iyt` nc tc 6 1 sc jts oquìs tc 1< 1< sc sc y`n` gorj roqujrogoet pcrj ncr`nj ny tc y`n` gy N kj vìuo 1 r`kn s`kt` nu. nu. 6) Ecw Bcevortol Eotwcrk fjts=

Acrgui` (\ctì (\ctì Ncst fjts ‒ Voqujrol Ncst N Qìuo) Qìuo)

Bi`ss B gy gy gumny Ncst fjts gji r`ny tny > tc g`j ue fjts kc gjeus k`rlu h` `pej N kj vìuo sy mc gorj

roqujrol ncst ny sc > - 1 jts oquìs tc 6 tc gor` E gor` E yèj yèj Eotwcrk fjts 6 ejki` yo 6 fjts nug eotwcrk pcrtjce gy `ll k`r`t` ny. 2) Auii Acrgui` ca sufeottjeh= sufeottjeh=

Rc \ctì eotwcrk fjts + bcevortol Eotwcrk fjts mc N k vìuo kc Gjeus k`rey k f`l `yo ny. Rc Bi`ss B k k Eotwcrk gy pniy tctì eotwcrk kjtey tny 6< Vjhnt tc bcevortol E/X fjt kjtey kjtey `yo ny gory p`ss 6 fjts mc N k vìuo k Gjeus k`rey k f`l `yo ny sc acgui` `ppiy k`rey k f`l yèj 6< + 6 7 61 tc tc àtor sufeottjeh Bi`ss B k` eotwcrk `f prosoet nch` /61 /61 sy sy tc `h`r `f eotwcrk /61 /61 nch`y` nch`y` ny tc js k` sufeot g`sk nch` 6??.6??.6??.0:6 6??.6??.6??.0:6 tc tc /61 /61 k k eotwcrk k` sufeot g`sk y` nch` àtor sufeottjeh.

yèj sufeottjeh k f`l `f gumny Bi`ss B kj kj 0 sjehio JT kjtey eotwcrks ly r`nj ny. \c us k` acrgui` nct` ny (6 kj pcwor E) sc E sc E kj` kj` tn` n`g`ry p`ss 6 tc y`nj ``myo h` n`g`ry p`ss k 6 kj pcwor 6 ijko 66 7 < tc àtor tnjs sufeottjeh gumny Bi`ss B kj sjehio Eotwcrk J.L < sufeotwcrk Eotwcrk prcvjlo k`ry hj mjs g`j o`k nj Bi`ss kj JT kc uso k`rty ncwy < ljaaroeot caajbos g`j ljaaoroet eotwcrk kj JTs kc `ssjhe k`r s`ku h`.



---------------


BRBC06:80618

yèj `f js 0 eotwcrk gy gumny ktjey bcgputor gjiy hy mjeny g`j 0 eotwcrk kj JT `ssjhe k`r s`ku h` h` tc us k` acrgui` nct` y ( 6 kj pcwor N) sc N kj` tn` n`g`ry p`ss 1 sc 6 kj pcwor 1 ijko 6 1 7 1< tc gumny 0 eotwcrk gy 1< 1< Ncsts Ncsts gjiy hy tc js t`rn` nug yo bìbui`to k`r s`kty n`j k mc sufeottjeh ncj n`j usky 0 eotwcrk kc uso k`rty ncwy nug kjtey ncst kc JT `ssjhe k`r s`kty n`j.

mc sufeot g`sk nc kc us ijko 6??.6??.6??.0:6 js kc 6?1 gy gjeus k`r` lc tc 0 eow eotwcrk J.L gji m`yo hj ijko 6??.6??.6??.0:6 -6?1 -6?1 sc sc yo `yo h` 1<. ▭

Rc Ajrst Eotwcrk js js 0:6.01>.04.0 tc 0:6.01>.04.12 0:6.01>.04.12

=

Rufeot G`sk js =

6??.6??.6??.0:6 ’1< eow eotwcrk JL n`j tc 1< nug y`n` bcuet e`nj k`ry hy ‗ Fs ossj t`rn` `f nug 1< mc vìuo ``j n`j ossy eotwcrk JL g`j + k`rty r`ny hy cr n`ggy eow eotwcrk gjit` r`ny h` cr js kj i`st st`ho ny 6?? t`k wnjbn goetjce foicw. ▭

Rc Robcel Eotwcrk js js 0:6.01>.04.1< tc 0:6.01>.04.061 =

Rufeot G`sk js =

6??.6??.6??.0:6 ’1< + 1< 7 06> fut 068 iccpf`bk `llross mjssy nug uso e`nj k`rty cr 06> eow eotwcrk JL n`j sc 06> fnj nug y`n` bcuet e`nj k`ry hy js eotwcrk kj JTs 061 tk nj r`nyhj‗ ▭

Rc \njrl Eotwcrk js js 0:6.01>.04.06> tc 0:6.01>.04.0:0 =

Rufeot G`sk js =

6??.6??.6??.0:6 ’0:6 eow eotwcrk JL n`j tc 0:6 nug y`n` bcuet e`nj k`ry hy ‗ ▭

@el tno I`st & Acrtn eotwcrk js js 0:6.01>.04.0:6 0:6.01>.04.0:6 tc 0:6.01>.04.6?1 0:6.01>.04.6?1

(R`go Rufeot)

’Fut 6?? n`g`r` frc`lb`st eugfor nct` n`j mossy nug uso e`nj k`rty sc js eotwcrk kj i`st JTs fnj 6?< tk nj r`ny hj wnjbn goetjce foicw‗ foicw ‗ E otwcrk otwcrk Eugfor

Vèho V èho ca Rt`rt JT

R ufeot ufeot G`sk

Vèho V èho ca Oel J Oel J T

Eotwcrk 40

0:6.01>.04.0

6??.6??.6??.0:6

0:6.01>.04.12

Eotwcrk 46

0:6.01>.04.1<

6??.6??.6??.0:6

0:6.01>.04.061

Eotwcrk 42

0:6.01>.04.06>

6??.6??.6??.0:6

0:6.01>.04.0:0

Eotwcrk 4<

0:6.01>.04.0:6

6??.6??.6??.0:6

0:6.01>.04.6?<



---------------


BRBC06:80618

V OB@II= OB@II=

Rc mossy k nug ey sufeottjeh kj tnj 1< ncst k k ioy mjs g`j n`ggy 66 r`kn k < eotwcrks gjiy tny sc js t`rn` sufeottjeh g`j wc < eotwcrks bcgpioto ncwy & O`bn eotwcrk `ssjhe 1< JTs & o`bn eotwcrk js ljaaroeot fut s`go Bi`ss tn`t js Bi`ss B sc sc tn`t js ìi `fcut sufeottjeh.

O`sy tc Vogogfor / G`sk Rufeot G`sk. Bìbui`to Qiùo

Rufeot G`sk

/ G`sk

4

6??.4.4.4

/>

Bi`ss @ Rufeot Fcrrcw 0 fjt

6??.06>.4.4

/:

Fcrrcw 6 fjt

(06>+1< 7 0:6)

6??.0:6.4.4

/04

Fcrrcw 2 fjt

(06>+1<+26 7 66<)

6??.66<.4.4

/00

Fcrrcw < fjt

6??.6<4.4.4

/06

Fcrrcw ? fjt

6??.6<>.4.4

/02

Fcrrcw 1 fjt

6??.6?6.4.4

/0<

Fcrrcw 8 fjt

6??.6?<.4.4

/0?

Fcrrcw > fjt

6??.6??.4.4

/01

Bi`ss F Rufeot Fcrrcw 0 fjt

6??.6??.06>.4

/08

Fcrrcw 6 fjt

(06>+1< 7 0:6)

6??.6??.0:6.4

/0>

Fcrrcw 2 fjt

(06>+1<+26 7 66<)

6??.6??.66<.4

/0:

Fcrrcw < fjt

6??.6??.6<4.4

/64

Fcrrcw ? fjt

6??.6??.6<>.4

/60

Fcrrcw 1 fjt

6??.6??.6?6.4

66

Fcrrcw 8 fjt

6??.6??.6?<.4

/62

Fcrrcw > fjt

6??.6??.6??.4

/6<

Bi`ss B Rufeot Fcrrcw 0 fjt

6??.6??.6??.06>

/6?

Fcrrcw 6 fjt

(06>+1< 7 0:6)

6??.6??.6??.0:6

/61

Fcrrcw 2 fjt

(06>+1<+26 7 66<)

6??.6??.6??.66<

/68

Fcrrcw < fjt

6??.6??.6??.6<4

/6>

Fcrrcw ? fjt

6??.6??.6??.6<>

/6:

Fcrrcw 1 fjt

6??.6??.6??.6?6

/24

RC \n`t js ìi `fcut BJLV G`sk ossy y``l k`rey sy n`ggy fnut a`jl` nct` n`j qk `h`r k`nj n`ggy sufeot g`sk yo sncw nct` n`j ijko tnjs 6??.6??.6??.6<> sc nuggy jlo` nc m`t` n`j k y`n` /6: k` sufeot uso nc r`n` n`j.



---------------

0< | A r o o I o ` r e j e h ( A ` y y ` z @ n g o l )

BRBC06:80618

’ X X`jt ` jt t`ko ` Gcgoet, Hot Bcgacrt`fio èl je ` Hccl Rt`to ca gjel & Voi`x ycur Gjel ‗ ‗

R ufeottjeh ufeottjeh QIRG=

X o `ro Hcjeh tc Loop je Rufeottjeh



---------------

0? | A r o o I o ` r e j e h ( A ` y y ` z @ n g o l )

BRBC06:80618

QIRG (Q`rj`fio Ioehtn Rufeot G`sk) sufeottjeh kj sobcel typo ny mjs gy nug `pej roqujrogoet k `bbcrljeh sufeotwcrk k sjzo kc ljvjlo k`r s`kty ny suppcso n`g`ry caajbos kj < frèbnos ny cr n`ggy ue frèbnos gy ljaaoroet eotwcrk kj JTs `ssjhe k`rej ny cr mjteoy ncst us frèbn gy ny us sy fs kubn JT z`l` r`knej ny t`ky `h`r f`l gy kubn usor `ll nc tu ue kc fnj auiajii k`r s`ky cr z`l` JTs w`sto e` nc s`ky. mossy k sufeottjeh gy oquì sufeotwcrk ncty ny nor sufeotwcrk gy oquì sjzo ijko 06> ncst y` 1< ncst tc `h`r n`g`ry kossj caajbo gy sufeottjeh ncj v ny /61 k `bbcrljeh mc k por frèbn gy 1< ncst ly r`nj ny tu sufeottjeh ajxol ny `h`r kossj fr`bn gy sjra 04 bcgputor nj ny tc w`n` f`kkj kj JTs w`sto nc r`nj nchj. Ossj ioy QIRG gy nug fr`bneos k `bbcrljeh ue kj JTs kj sbnogo kc losjhe k`rty ny t`ky JTs w`sto e` nu. Jsk` acrgui` fnj sjgpio ny fus n`ggy mjteoy ncst bn`yoo ncty nug nug ncst pcrtjce k utey fjts kc 4 sy 0 k`r k ue kj pcwors kc bcuet k`r iyty ny.

JT @llross

=

0:6.01>.0.4 /6<

Rufeot g`sk

=

6??.6??.6??.4

Cpoe sufeot je Cbt`t

=

6??.6??.6??.44444444

Voqujrol 044 sc fcrrcw 0 fjt je ncst pcrtjce

=

6??.6??.6??.0 6??.6??.6??. 04444444

Rc eow sufeot g`sk js

=

6??.6??.6??.06> 6??.6??.6??.06 > /6?

Z`n` 0 fjt nug ey js ioy fcrrcw kjy` qk 06> gy n`g`rj 044 ncst kj roqujrogoet pcrj nc r`nj tnj cr kubn oxtr` JTs fnj gji r`nj tnj sc 68 7 06>. Eotwcrk JL

Ajrst JT @llross

I`st JT @llross

Frclb`st JT @llross

0:6.01>.0.4

0:6.01>.0.0

0:6.01>.0.06?

0:6.01>.0.061

@el sufeotg`sk /6? = 6??.6??.6??.06> 6??.6??.6??.06> \n`t‚s jt… tn`t‚s tno QIRG ca 044 ncst.



---------------


BRBC06:80618


=

6??.6??.6??.44444444


=

6??.6??.6??.00 6??.6??.6??. 00444444 444444


=

6??.6??.6??.0:6 6??.6??.6??.0: 6 /61

Z`n` 6 fjt nug ey js ioy fcrrcw kjy` qk 1< gy n`g`rj 14 ncst kj roqujrogoet pcrj nc r`nj tnj cr kubn oxtr` JTs fnj gji r`nj tnj sc 61 7 1<. Eotwcrk JL

Ajrst JT @llross

I`st JT @llross

Frclb`st JT @llross

0:6.01>.0.06>

0:6.01>.0.06:

0:6.01>.0.0:4

0:6.01>.0.0:0

@el sufeotg`sk /61 = 6??.6??.6??. 6??.6??.6??. 0:6 \n`t‚s jt… tn`t‚s tno QIRG ca 14 ncst.


=

6??.6??.6??.44444444


=

6??.6??.6??.000 6??.6??.6??. 00044444 44444


=

6??.6??.6??.66< 6??.6??.6??.66 < /68

Z`n` 2 fjt nug ey js ioy fcrrcw kjy` qk 26 gy n`g`rj 24 ncst kj roqujrogoet pcrj nc r`nj tnj cr kubn oxtr` JTs fnj gji r`nj tnj sc 6? 7 26. Eotwcrk JL

Ajrst JT @llross

I`st JT @llross

Frclb`st JT @llross

0:6.01>.0.0:6

0:6.01>.0.0:2

0:6.01>.0.662

0:6.01>.0.66<

@el sufeotg`sk /68 = 6??.6??.6??. 6??.6??.6??. 66< \n`t‚s jt… tn`t‚s tno QIRG ca 24 ncst.


=

6??.6??.6??.44444444

Voqujrol 04 sc fcrrcw < fjt je ncst pcrtjce

=

6??.6??.6??.0000 6??.6??.6??. 00004444 4444


=

6??.6??.6??.6<4 6??.6??.6??.6< 4 /6>

Z`n` 2 fjt nug ey js ioy fcrrcw kjy` qk 01 gy n`g`rj 04 ncst kj roqujrogoet pcrj nc r`nj tnj cr kubn oxtr` JTs fnj gji r`nj tnj sc 6< 7 01.



---------------


BRBC06:80618

Eotwcrk JL

Ajrst JT @llross

I`st JT @llross

Frclb`st JT @llross

0:6.01>.0.66?

0:6.01>.0.661

0:6.01>.0.62:

0:6.01>.0.6<4

@el sufeotg`sk /6> = 6??.6??.6??. 6??.6??.6??. 6<4 \n`t‚s jt… tn`t‚s tno QIRG ca 04 ncst. QIRG fnut nj sjgpio n`j n`ggy must `pej ncst roqujrogoet k `bbcrljeh fjts fcrrcw k`rey ncty ncst pcrtjce sy cr uekj viùo viùo kc bìbui`to k`r k eotwcrk eotwcrk JLs bro`to k`rej nctj n`j.

ZOR Ajeìiy ycu Bcgpiotol ycur Gcluio # ? ’Ecw ycur RXJ\BNJEH \cpjbs js Bcgpiotol je BBE@‗

Ncpo tnjs js Jeacrg`tjvo acr ycu & O `sy tc Io`re. Acr Gcro Io`rejeh & Ectos Qjsjto www.o`sypoozzj.bcg

?4% Bcgpiotol must ?4% Ioat Ecw Rt`rt ’Vcutjeh T`rt‗ T`rt‗ & Bcgpioto tno Fcck

Aoolf`bk

poozzjDhg`ji.bcg

O `sy

Qjsjt Rjto www.O`sypooz]j.bcg & Lcweic`l Ctnor \cpjbs & Gcluios & Io`re wjtn A_E



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