1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
01 1010100
10001111100
1011100101011100 101100011101001
1011110100011010
00001010010110010 1001010101100111 1111010101000101 1101001101010011 001010010101010
1010101000110010 010101001011000 110101100011010 11010100001011 001010100110 1001010010
IP Addressing and Subnetting Workbook Version 1.1
11111110 10010101
00011011
11010011
10000110
IP Address Classes Class A
1 – 127
(Network 127 is reserved for loopback and internal testing) 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 Leading bit pattern 0 Network . Host . Host . Host
Class B
128 – 191
Leading bit pattern
10
10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Class C
192 – 223
Leading bit pattern
110
11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Class D
224 – 239
(Reserved for multicast)
Class E
240 – 255
(Reserved for experimental, used for research)
Network .
Network .
Network .
Network
Private Address Space Class A
10.0.0.0 to to 10 10.255.255.255
Class B
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Default Subnet Masks Class A
255.0.0.0
Class B
255.255.0.0
Class C
255.255.255.0
Produced by: Robb Jones
[email protected] Frederick County Career & Technology Center Cisco Networking Academy Frederick County Public Schools Frederick, Maryland, USA Special Thanks to Melvin Baker and Jim Dorsch for taking the time to check this workbook for errors. Inside Cover
Host
. Network
.
.
Host
Host
Binary To Decimal Conversion 128 6 4
32
16
8
4
2
1
A n s we r s
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
146 119
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
Scratch Area
128 16 2 146
64 32 16 4 2 1 119
00011011 10101010 01101111 11111000 00100000 01010101 00111110 00000011 11101101 11000000 1
Decimal To Binary Conversion Use all 8 bits for each problem
128 64
32
16
8
4
2
1 = 255
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0______ 0 ______ 1______ 0______ 0______ 0 ______ 1 ______ 0___ _____ __ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
_____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 238 34
_____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 123 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 50 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 255 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 200 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 10 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 138 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 1 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 13 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 250 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 107 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 224 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 114 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 192 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 172 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 100 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 119 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 57 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 98 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 179 _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ 2 2
Scrat ch Area
238 34 -128 -32 110 2 -64 -2 46 0 -32 14 -8 6 -4 2 -2 0
Address Class Identification Address
Cl a s s
1 5 0 . 10 . 1 5 . 0
A _ _B _ __
1 92 . 1 4. 2 . 0
__ _ __
1 48 . 1 7. 9 . 1
__ _ __
1 93 . 4 2. 1 . 1
__ _ __
1 2 6 . 8. 15 6 . 0
__ _ __
2 2 0 . 2 00 . 2 3 . 1
__ _ __
230.230.45.58
__ _ __
1 7 7 . 1 00 . 1 8 . 4
__ _ __
119.18. 45.0
__ _ __
249.240.80.78
__ _ __
199.155.77.56
__ _ __
117. 89.56. 45
__ _ __
2 1 5 . 45 . 4 5 . 0
__ _ __
1 9 9 . 2 00 . 1 5 . 0
__ _ __
9 5. 0 . 2 1. 9 0
__ _ __
33 .0 .0 .0
__ _ __
1 5 8 . 98 . 8 0 . 0
__ _ __
2 1 9 . 21 . 5 6 . 0
__ _ __
1 0. 2 5 0. 1 . 1
__ _ __
3
Network & Host Identification Circle the network portion of these addresses:
Circle the host portion of these addresses:
177.100.18.4
10.15.123.50
119.18.45.0
171.2.199.31
209.240.80.78
198.125.87.177
199.155.77.56
223.250.200.222
117.89.56.45
17.45.222.45
215.45.45.0
126.201.54.231
192.200.15.0
191.41.35.112
95.0.21.90
155.25.169.227
33.0.0.0
192.15.155.2
158.98.80.0
123.102.45.254
217.21.56.0
148.17.9.155
10.250.1.1
100.25.1.1
150.10.15.0
195.0.21.98
192.14.2.0
25.250.135.46
148.17.9.1
171.102.77.77
193.42.1.1
55.250.5.5
126.8.156.0
218.155.230.14
220.200.23.1
10.250.1.1
4
Default Subnet Masks Write the correct default subnet mask for each of the following addresses:
255 . 255 . 0 . 0
1 7 7 . 1 00 . 1 8 . 4
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11 9 . 18 . 4 5. 0
__ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __
191. 191.24 249. 9.2 234.1 34.191 91
____ ______ _______ _____ ____ ______ _______ _____ ____ ______ ___
2 23 . 2 3. 2 23 . 1 09
_ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __
1 0 . 1 0. 25 0 . 1
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 2 6 . 1 23 . 2 3 . 1
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2 23 . 6 9. 2 30 . 2 50
_ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __
1 92 . 1 2. 3 5. 1 0 5
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _
7 7. 2 5 1. 2 00 . 5 1
_ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _
1 8 9 . 2 10 . 5 0 . 1
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8 8 . 4 5. 65 . 3 5
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
128. 128.21 212. 2.2 250.2 50.254 54
____ ______ _______ _____ ____ ______ _______ _____ ____ ______ ___
1 93 . 10 0 . 77 . 83
_ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ __
1 25 . 12 5 . 25 0. 1
_ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ __
1 .1 . 10 . 50
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2 20 . 90 . 1 30 . 45
_ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ __
1 3 4 . 1 25 . 3 4 . 9
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9 5 . 2 5 0. 91 . 9 9
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
255 . 0 . 0 . 0
5
ANDING With Default subnet masks Every IP address must be accompanied by a subnet mask. mask. By now you should be able to look at an IP address and tell what class it is. Unfortunately your computer computer doesn’t think that way. way. For your computer to determine the network and subnet portion of an IP address it must “AND” the IP address with the subnet mask. Default Subnet Masks: Class A 255.0.0.0 Class B 255.255.0.0 Class C 255.255.255.0 ANDING Equations: 1 AND 1 = 1 1 AND 0 = 0 0 AND 1 = 0 0 AND 0 = 0 Sample: What you see... IP Address:
192 . 100 . 10 . 33
What you can figure out in your head... Address Class: Network Portion: Host Portion:
C 192 . 100 . 10 . 33 192 . 100 . 10 . 33
In order for you computer to get the same information it must AND the IP address with the subnet mask in binary. bin ary. Network
Default
Host
IP Address: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Subnet Mask: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(255 . 255 . 255 . 0)
AND: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(192 . 100 . 10 . 0)
(192 . 100 . 10 . 33)
ANDING with the default subnet mask allows your computer to figure out the network portion of the address.
6
ANDING With Custom subnet masks When you take a single network such as 192.100.10.0 and divide it into five smaller networks (192.100.10.16, 192.100.10.32, 192.100.10.48, 192.100.10.64, 192.100.10.80) the outside world still sees the network as 192.100.10.0, but the internal computers and routers see five smaller subnetworks. Each independent of the other. other. This can only be accomplished by by using a custom subnet mask. A custom subnet mask borrows bits from the host portion of the address to create a subnetwork address between the network and host portions of an IP address. In this example each each range has 14 usable addresses in it. The computer must still AND the IP address against the custom subnet mask to see what t he network portion is and which subnetwork it belongs to. IP Address: Custom Su Subnet Ma Mask: Address Ranges:
192 . 100 . 10 . 0 255.255.255.240
192.10.10.0 to 192.100.10.15 (Invalid Range) 192.100.10.16 to 192.100.10.31 (1st Usable Range) 192.100.10.32 to 192.100.10.47 (Range in the sample below) 192.100.10.48 to 192.100.10.63 192.100.10.64 to 192.100.10.79 192.100.10.80 to 192.100.10.95 192.100.10.96 to 192.100.10.111 192.100.10.112 to 192.100.10.127 192.100.10.128 to 192.100.10.143 192.100.10.144 to 192.100.10.159 192.100.10.160 to 192.100.10.175 192.100.10.176 to 192.100.10.191 192.100.10.192 to 192.100.10.207 192.100.10.208 to 192.100.10.223 192.100.10.224 to 192.100.10.239 192.100.10.240 to 192.100.10.255 (Invalid Range) Sub Network Host
Network Custom
IP Address: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Subnet Mask: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
(192 . 100 . 10 . 33)
AND: 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
(192 . 100 . 10 . 32) 32)
(255 . 255 . 255 . 240)
Four bits borrowed from the host portion of the address for the custom subnet mask. The ANDING process of the four borrowed bits shows which range of IP addresses this particular address will fall into.
In the next set of problems you will determine the necessary information to determine the correct subnet mask for a variety of IP addresses.
7
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 1 Number of needed usable subnets 1 4 Number of needed usable hosts 1 4 Network Address 192.10.10.0
C 255 . 255 . 255 . 0 Default subnet mask _______________________________ 255 . 255 . 255 . 240 Custom subnet mask _______________________________ 16 Total number of subnets ___________________ 14 Number of usable subnets ___________________ 16 Total number of host addresses ___________________ 14 Number of usable addresses ___________________ 4 Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Address class __________
Show your work for Problem 1 in the space below.
Number of 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts Number of Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
192 . 10 . 10 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Add the binary value numbers to the left of the line to create the custom subnet mask.
128 64 32 +16 240
Subtract 2 for the total number of subnets to get the usable number of subnets.
8
16 -2 14 16 -2 14
Observe the total number of hosts. Subtract 2 for the number of usable hosts.
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 2 Number of needed usable subnets 1000 Number of needed usable hosts 6 0 Network Address 165.100.0.0
B 255 . 255 . 0 . 0 Default subnet mask _______________________________ 255 . 255 . 255 . 192 Custom subnet mask _______________________________ 1,024 Total number of subnets ___________________ 1,022 Number of usable subnets ___________________ 64 Total number of host addresses ___________________ 62 Number of usable addresses ___________________ 10 Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Address class __________
Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below.
Number of Hosts -
6 3 5 2 ,5 ,7 3 6 6 8
1 6 , 3 8 4
4 8 ,0 , 1 9 9 2 6
2 ,0 4 8
1 ,0 2 4
5 1 2
. 256 128 64 32 16 1 0 5 2 1 2 4
Number of Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256. Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16
165 . 100 . 0 0 0 128 12 8 64 32 16 8 4 2 +1 255 Add the binary value numbers to the left of the line to create the custom subnet mask.
8
1 6 2 4 8 , 3 , 1 0 ,0 9 8 4 9 2 4 6 8
8
4
4
2
2
1
6 3 2 5 ,5 ,7 3 6 6 8
0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128 128 +64 192 64 -2 62 1024 -2 1,022 9 Observe the total number of hosts.
Subtract 2 for the number of usable hosts.
Subtract 2 for the total number of subnets to get the usable number of subnets.
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 3 Network Address 148.75.0.0 /26
/26 indicates the total number of bits used for the network and subnetwork portion of the address. All bits remaining belong belong to the host portion of the address.
B 255 . 255 . 0 . 0 Default subnet mask _______________________________ 255 . 255 . 255 . 192 Custom subnet mask _______________________________ 1,024 Total number of subnets ___________________ 1,022 Number of usable subnets ___________________ 64 Total number of host addresses ___________________ 62 Number of usable addresses ___________________ 10 Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Address class __________
Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below.
Number of Hosts -
6 3 5 2 ,5 ,7 3 6 6 8
1 6 , 3 8 4
4 8 ,0 , 1 9 9 2 6
2 ,0 4 8
1 ,0 2 4
5 1 2
. 256 128 64 32 16 1 0 5 2 1 2 4
Number of Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256. Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16
148 . 75 . 0 0 0 128 12 8 64 32 16 8 4 2 +1 255 Add the binary value numbers to the left of the line to create the custom subnet mask.
10
8
1 6 2 4 8 , 3 , 1 0 ,0 9 8 4 9 2 4 6 8
8
4
4
2
2
1
6 3 2 5 ,5 ,7 3 6 6 8
0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128 128 +64 192 192 64 -2 62 1024 -2 1,022 Observe the total number of hosts.
Subtract 2 for the number of usable hosts.
Subtract 2 for the total number of subnets to get the usable number of subnets.
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 4 Number of needed usable subnets 6 Number of needed usable hosts 3 0 Network Address 210.100.56.0 Address class _______ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below.
Number of 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts Number of Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
210 . 100 . 56 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 5 Number of needed usable subnets 6 Number of needed usable hosts 3 0 Network Address 195.85.8.0 Address class _______ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below.
Number of 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts Number of Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
195 . 85 . 8 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 6 Number of needed usable subnets 1 26 Number of needed usable hosts 131,070 Network Address 118.0.0.0 Address class _______ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below.
Number of Hosts
-
4 2 1 5 2 ,0 1 ,1 ,0 6 2 3 9 4 9 2 4 1 4 8 7 ,0 ,1 ,3 ,5 ,2 ,1 5 4 0 7 7 8 2 2 4 4 6 8
6 3 1 5 2 6 ,5 ,3 ,7 3 8 6 4 6 8
1 2 , 0 ,0 5 2 1 4 2 4 8
4 8 ,0 ,1 9 9 2 6
4 ,0 9 6
Number of Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 . Binary values -128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16
2 1 ,0 ,0 2 4 4 8
1 6 8 ,3 ,1 9 8 2 4
8
4
5 1 2
6 3 5 2 ,5 ,7 3 6 6 8
2
. 256 128 64 32 16 8
.
4 2
1 2 4 2 5 ,0 1 ,1 ,0 6 2 3 9 4 9 2 1 4 4 8 7 ,0 ,1 ,3 ,2 ,5 ,1 5 4 0 7 7 8 2 2 4 4 6 8
1 . 128 64 32 16
8
4
2
1
118. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
13
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 7 Number of needed usable subnets 2000 Number of needed usable hosts 1 5 Network Address 178.100.0.0 Address class __________ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Show your work for Problem 7 in the space below.
Number of Hosts -
6 3 5 2 ,5 ,7 3 6 6 8
1 6 ,3 8 4
4 8 ,0 , 1 9 9 2 6
2 ,0 4 8
1 ,0 2 4
5 1 2
. 256 128 64 32 16 1 0 5 2 1 2 4
8
1 6 2 4 8 ,3 , 1 0 ,0 9 8 4 9 2 4 6 8
Number of Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256. Binary values - 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16
8
4
4
2
2
1
6 3 2 5 ,5 ,7 3 6 6 8
178 . 100 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
14
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 8 Number of needed usable subnets 1 Number of needed usable hosts 4 5 Network Address 200.175.14.0 Address class _______ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below.
15
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 9 Number of needed usable subnets 6 0 Number of needed usable hosts 1,000 Network Address 128.77.0.0 Address class _______ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below.
16
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 10 Number of needed usable hosts 6 0 Network Address 198.100.10.0 Address class _______ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Show your work for Problem 10 in the space below.
17
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 11 Number of needed usable subnets 25 0 Network Address 101.0.0.0 Address class _______ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Show your work for Problem 11 in the space below.
18
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 12 Number of needed usable subnets 5 Network Address 218.35.50.0 Address class _______ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Show your work for Problem 12 in the space below.
19
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 13 Number of needed usable hosts 2 5 Network Address 218.35.50.0 Address class _______ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Show your work for Problem 13 in the space below.
20
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 14 Number of needed usable subnets 1 0 Network Address 172.59.0.0 Address class _______ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Show your work for Problem 14 in the space below.
21
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 15 Number of needed usable hosts 5 0 Network Address 172.59.0.0 Address class _______ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Show your work for Problem 15 in the space below.
22
Custom Subnet Masks Problem 16 Number of needed usable hosts 2 9 Network Address 23.0.0.0 Address class _______ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Show your work for Problem 16 in the space below.
23
Subnetting Problem 1 Number of needed usable subnets 1 4 Number of needed usable hosts 1 4 Network Address 192.10.10.0
C 255 . 255 . 255 . 0 Default subnet mask _______________________________ 255 . 255 . 255 . 240 Custom subnet mask _______________________________ 16 Total number of subnets ___________________ 14 Number of usable subnets ___________________ 16 Total number of host addresses ___________________ 14 Number of usable addresses ___________________ 4 Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Address class __________
What is the 3rd usable subnet range? ___________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________ _______
192.10.10.48 to 192.10.10.63
What is the subnet number for the 7th usable subnet? ________________________
192 . 10 . 10 . 112
What is the subnet broadcast address for the 12th usable subnet? ________________________
192 . 10 . 10 . 207
What are the assignable addresses for the 8th usable subnet? ______________________________________
192.10.10.129 to 192.10.10.142
24
Show your work for Problem 1 in the space below.
Number of 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts Number of Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
192. 10 . 10 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(Invalid range) 0 192.10.10.0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (Invalid range) 1
Custom subnet mask
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
128 64 32 +16 240
192.10.10.16 192.10.10.32 192.10.10.48 192.10.10.64 192. 10 .10 .8 0 192.10.10.96 192.1 92.10. 0.10 10.1 .112 12 192.1 92.10. 0.110.12 0.1288 192. 192.10 10.1 .10. 0.14 144 4 192.1 92.10. 0.10 10.1 .160 60 192.1 92.10. 0.10 10.1 .176 76 192.1 92.10. 0.10 10.1 .192 92 192. 192.10 10.1 .10. 0.20 2088 192. 192.10 10.1 .10. 0.22 224 4 192. 192.10 10.1 .10. 0.24 240 0
Usable subnets
16 -2 14
to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to
192.10.10.15 192.10.10.31 192.10.10.47 192.10.10.63 192.10.10.79 192.10.10.95 192.10.10.111 192.10.10.127 19 192.10.10.143 192.1 92.10 0.10. .10.1159 192 192.10.10.175 192.10.10.191 19 192.10.10.207 192.1 2.10.1 0.10.22 .223 19 192.1 2.10.10 0.10.2 .239 39 19 192.10 .10.10. .10.25 255 5
Usable hosts
16 -2 14
The binary value of the last bit borrowed is the range. In this problem the range is 16. The first and last range of addresses are not usable.
The first address in each subnet range is the subnet number.
The first usable range of addresses addresses is: 192.10.10.16 192.10.10.16 to 192.10.10.31.
The last address in each subnet range is the subnet broadcast address.
25
Subnetting Problem 2 Number of needed usable subnets 1000 Number of needed usable hosts 6 0 Network Address 165.100.0.0
B 255 . 255 . 0 . 0 Default subnet mask _______________________________ 255 . 255 . 255 . 192 Custom subnet mask _______________________________ 1,024 Total number of subnets ___________________ 1,022 Number of usable subnets ___________________ 64 Total number of host addresses ___________________ 62 Number of usable addresses ___________________ 10 Number of bits borrowed ___________________ Address class __________
What is the 14th usable subnet range? ___________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________ _______
165.100.3.128 to 165.100.3.191
What is the subnet number for the 5th usable subnet? ________________________
165 . 100 . 1 . 64
What is the subnet broadcast address for the 5th usable subnet? ________________________
165 . 100 . 1 . 127
What are the assignable addresses for the 8th usable subnet? ______________________________________
165.100.2.1 to 165.100.0.62
26
Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below.
2 ,536 6 5 5 4 7 6 8 32 ,7 8
5 5 7 7 1 5 7 1 5 7 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 3 3 9 3 9 3 2 5 2 9 2 9 5 2 9 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 . 2 . . 2 . . 2 . . 6 . 6 . . . 2 . . . . 2 . . 6 . 5 5 0 0 1 1 1 0 . . 0 . . 0 . 1 . . 3 . 3 . . 0 . 3 . . 0 . 0 . . 3 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 . 2 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . . 1 . . 1 . . . . 1 . . . . . . . 0 0 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 . 1 . 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o 6 5 1 6 1 t 1 o o o o o o o o o o n o o o o o o o o t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t w t t 1 0 o 2 8 8 8 2 2 8 2 D 8 2 2 9 2 0 4 4 2 9 4 2 9 4 9 2 1 2 9 0 . 1 . 1 0 1 1 1 6 1 1 6 0 6 1 1 . . . . . 0 . . 6 . . . . . 5 5 . . . . 4 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 0 1 2 3 5 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . 2 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 . . 6 1 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 3
8 4 16,3 6 1 8,1 92 2 3 4 0 ,0 96 4 6 2 0 4 8 8 4 4 2 1 0 1 0 6 0 0 1 1 02 6 8 5 512 2 0 ) 11 1 2 e . . . . g . n 6 a 5 1 2 0 r 512 d 8 i l 2 2 4 2 0 ,0 1 a 1 0 ,0 4 8 2 0 ,0 96 4 0 2 8,1 9 8 4 16,3
1111
1 5 8 6 8 4 2 4 2 + 5 1 2 6 3 1 2
8 2 2 4 2 3 0
8 4 2 2 6 9 1 + 1
6 - 6
4 4 6 0 2 8 2 6 ,53 1 0 6 5 5 - - . f s s f s e 0 o o t u 0 t l r e r s o 1 n a e H e b b v . b m u y m u S r u 5 N a N n i 6 B 1 ,76 8 32 7
00 1 1 00 1 1 00 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 0000 1 1 1 1
v 4 4 0 n I 6 (
2 8 0 3 6 6 1 1 0
) e g n a r d i l a v n I (
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
s e t l b s a o s h U
4 2 2 2 2 0 0 , 1 1 s e t l b e a n s b u U s
k m s o a t s m u t C e n b u s
1111
s i . d 4 e 6 w i s o r r e o g b n a t i r b e t h s t a l m e e l h t b f o r o p e i s u h l a t v I n y . r e a g n i n b a r e e h h T t
t o n e r a s e s s e r d d a f o e g n a r t s a l d n a t . s r l e i f b e a h s T u
: s i s e s s e r 7 d 2 d 1 a . . f 0 o 0 0 e 1 g . n 5 6 a r 1 e o l t b a 4 s 6 . u 0 t . 0 s r 0 i f 1 . e 5 h 6 T 1
e h t s i e g n a r t e n b u s h c a e n i s . s r e r e b d d m a u t n s r t i e f n e b h u T s
e h t s i e g n a r t e n b u . s s s h e c r a d e d n a i t s s s a c e r d d a d o a r t b s t a e l n e b h u T s
27
Subnetting Problem 3 Number of needed usable subnets 1 Network Address 195.223.50.0 Address class __________ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 2nd usable subnet range? ___________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________ _______ What is the subnet number for the 1st usable subnet? ________________________ What is the subnet broadcast address for the 1st usable subnet? ________________________ What are the assignable addresses for the 2nd usable subnet? ______________________________________
28
Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below.
Number of 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts Number of Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
195. 223 . 50 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
29
Subnetting Problem 4 Number of needed usable subnets 75 0 Network Address 190.35.0.0 Address class __________ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 14th usable subnet range? ___________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________ _______ What is the subnet number for the 12th usable subnet? ________________________ What is the subnet broadcast address for the 9th usable subnet? ________________________ What are the assignable addresses for the 5th usable subnet? ______________________________________
30
Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below.
31
Subnetting Problem 5 Number of needed usable hosts 6 Network Address 126.0.0.0 Address class __________ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 1st usable subnet range? ___________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________ _______ What is the subnet number for the 4th usable subnet? ________________________ What is the subnet broadcast address for the 6th usable subnet? ________________________ What are the assignable addresses for the 9th usable subnet? ______________________________________
32
Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below.
33
Subnetting Problem 6 Number of needed usable subnets 1 0 Network Address 192.70.10.0 Address class __________ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 8th usable subnet range? ___________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________ _______ What is the subnet number for the 3rd usable subnet? ________________________ What is the subnet broadcast address for the 11th usable subnet? ________________________ What are the assignable addresses for the 9th usable subnet? ______________________________________
34
Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below.
35
Subnetting Problem 7 Network Address 10.0.0.0 /16 Address class __________ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 10th usable subnet range? ___________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________ _______ What is the subnet number for the 5th usable subnet? ________________________ What is the subnet broadcast address for the 1st usable subnet? ________________________ What are the assignable addresses for the 8th usable subnet? _____________________________________
36
Show your work for Problem 7 in the space below.
37
Subnetting Problem 8 Number of needed usable subnets 4 Network Address 172.50.0.0 Address class __________ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 3rd usable subnet range? ___________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________ _______ What is the subnet number for the 4th usable subnet? ________________________ What is the subnet broadcast address for the 5th usable subnet? ________________________ What are the assignable addresses for the 2nd usable subnet? ______________________________________
38
Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below.
39
Subnetting Problem 9 Number of needed usable hosts 2 8 Network Address 172.50.0.0 Address class __________ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 1st usable subnet range? ___________________________ _________________________________________ ____________________ ______ What is the subnet number for the 9th usable subnet? ________________________ What is the subnet broadcast address for the 3rd usable subnet? ________________________ What are the assignable addresses for the 5th usable subnet? ______________________________________
40
Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below.
41
Subnetting Problem 10 Number of needed usable subnets 4 5 Network Address 220.100.100.0 Address class __________ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 4th usable subnet range? ___________________________ _________________________________________ ____________________ ______ What is the subnet number for the 3rd usable subnet? ________________________ What is the subnet broadcast address for the 12th usable subnet? ________________________ What are the assignable addresses for the 11th usable subnet? ______________________________________
42
Show your work for Problem 10 in the space below.
43
Subnetting Problem 11 Number of needed usable hosts 8,000 Network Address 135.70.0.0 Address class __________ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 5th usable subnet range? ___________________________ _________________________________________ ____________________ ______ What is the subnet number for the 6th usable subnet? ________________________ What is the subnet broadcast address for the 2nd usable subnet? ________________________ What are the assignable addresses for the 4th usable subnet? ______________________________________
44
Show your work for Problem 11 in the space below.
45
Subnetting Problem 12 Number of needed usable hosts 4 5 Network Address 198.125.50.0 Address class __________ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 1st usable subnet range? ___________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________ _______ What is the subnet number for the 1st usable subnet? ________________________ What is the subnet broadcast address for the 2nd usable subnet? ________________________ What are the assignable addresses for the 2nd usable subnet? ______________________________________
46
Show your work for Problem 12 in the space below.
47
Subnetting Problem 13 Network Address 165.200.0.0 /26 Address class __________ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 9th usable subnet range? ___________________________ _________________________________________ ____________________ ______ What is the subnet number for the 10th usable ________________________ subnet? What is the subnet broadcast address for ________________________ the 1022nd usable subnet? What are the assignable ______________________________________ addresses for the 1021st usable subnet?
48
Show your work for Problem 13 in the space below.
49
Subnetting Problem 14 Number of needed usable hosts 1 6 Network Address 200.10.10.0 Address class __________ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 6th usable subnet range? ___________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________ _______ What is the subnet number for the 4th usable subnet? ________________________ What is the subnet broadcast address for the 3rd usable subnet? ________________________ What are the assignable addresses for the 5th usable subnet? ______________________________________
50
Show your work for Problem 14 in the space below.
51
Subnetting Problem 15 Network Address 93.0.0.0 \19 Address class __________ Default subnet mask _______________________________ Custom subnet mask _______________________________ Total number of subnets ___________________ Number of usable subnets ___________________ Total number of host addresses ___________________ Number of usable addresses ___________________ Number of bits borrowed ___________________
What is the 14th usable subnet range? ___________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________ _______ What is the subnet number for the 8th usable subnet? ________________________ What is the subnet broadcast address for the 6th usable subnet? ________________________ What are the assignable addresses for the 11th usable subnet? ______________________________________
52
Show your work for Problem 15 in the space below.
53
Valid and Non-Valid IP Addresses Using the material in this workbook identify which of the addresses below are correct and usable. If they are not usable addresses addresses explain why. why.
The network ID cannot be 0.
IP Address: 0. 0.230.190.192 Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0
____ ______ ___ _____ ______ ____ ___ _____ ______ ____ ___ _____ ______ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _
IP Address: 192.10.10.1 Subnet Ma Mask: 25 255.255.255.0
_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ ______ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __
IP Add Address: 245.150.190.10 Subnet Ma Mask: 25 255.255.255.0
____ ______ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __ ____ ______ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __
IP Add Address: 135.70.191.255 Subnet Ma Mask: 25 255.255.254.0
____ ______ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __ ____ ______ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __
IP Add Address: 127.100.100.10 Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0
____ ______ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _
IP Address: 93 93.0.128.1 Subnet Ma Mask: 25 255.255.224.0
_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ ______ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __
IP Address: 20 200.10.10.128 Subn Subnet et Mask: Mask: 255.2 255.255 55.2 .255 55.2 .224 24
____ ______ ___ _____ ______ ____ ___ _____ ______ ____ ___ _____ ______ ___ _ ___________ ________________ ___________ ___________ __________ _____
IP Addr Addres ess: s: 165. 165.10 100. 0.25 255. 5.18 189 9 Subn Subnet et Mask: Mask: 255.2 255.255 55.2 .255 55.1 .192 92
______ _________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ _____ __ ___________ ________________ ___________ ___________ __________ _____
IP Address: 190.35.0.10 Subn Subnet et Mask: Mask: 255.2 255.255 55.2 .255 55.1 .192 92
_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___________ ________________ ___________ ___________ __________ _____
IP Address: 21 218.35.50.195 Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0
____ ______ ___ _____ ______ ____ ___ _____ ______ ____ ___ _____ ______ ___ _ ____ ______ ___ _____ ______ ____ ___ _____ ______ ____ ___ _____ ______ ___ _
IP Addr Addres ess: s: 200. 200.10 10.1 .10. 0.17 175 5 /22 /22
___________ ________________ ___________ ___________ __________ _____ ________________________________
IP Add Address: 135.70.255.255 Subnet Ma Mask: 25 255.255.224.0
____ ______ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __ ____ ______ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ __
54
OK
Class A Addressing Guide # of Bits Borrowed 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Subnet Mask 255.192.0.0 255.224.0.0 255.240.0.0 255.248.0.0 255.252.0.0 255.254.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.128.0 255.255.192.0 255.255.224.0 255.255.240.0 255.255.248.0 255.255.252.0 255.255.254.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252
Total # of Subnets 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1,024 2,048 4,096 8,192 16,384 32,768 65,536 131,072 262,144 524,288 1,048,576 2,097,152 4,194,304
Usable # of Subnets 2 6 14 30 62 126 254 510 1,022 2,046 4,094 8,190 16,382 32,766 65,534 131,070 262,142 524,286 1,048,574 2,097,150 4,194,302
Total # of Hosts 4,194,304 2,097,152 1,048,576 524,288 262,144 131,072 65,536 32,768 16,384 8,192 4,096 2,048 1,024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4
Usable # of Hosts 4,194,302 2,097,150 1,048,574 524,286 262,142 131,070 65,534 32,766 16,382 8,190 4,094 2,046 1,022 510 254 126 62 30 14 6 2
Total # of Hosts 16,384 8,192 4,096 2,048 1,024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4
Usable # of Hosts 16,382 8,190 4,094 2,046 1,022 510 254 126 62 30 14 6 2
Total # of Hosts 64 32 16 8 4
Usable # of Hosts 62 30 14 6 2
Class B Addressing Guide # of Bits Borrowed 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Subnet Mask 255.255.192.0 255.255.224.0 255.255.240.0 255.255.248.0 255.255.252.0 255.255.254.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252
Total # of Subnets 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1,024 2,048 4,096 8,192 16,384
Usable # of Subnets 2 6 14 30 62 126 254 510 1,022 2,046 4,094 8,190 16,382
Class C Addressing Guide # of Bits Borrowed 2 3 4 5 6
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252
Total # of Subnets 4 8 16 32 64
Usable # of Subnets 2 6 14 30 62
Inside Cover
