UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MICAELA BASTIDAS DE APURÌMAC FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA ESCUELA ACADÈMICO PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÌA AGROINDUSTRIAL AGROINDUSTRIAL
Práctica no 07
DETERMINACIÓN DE DUREZA TOTAL Y DETERMINACIÓN DE CALCIO EN AGUA (Método volumétrico) (Compl!omtri")
I#O$%tivo& •
II#
Dt Dtrr!ina !inarr "a #$r #$r%a %a #" #" a&$a a&$a co co!o !o co cont ntn ni# i#o o # ca ca"c "cio io ' !a&n !a &n( (io io ' "a #$r% #$r%a a tota tota"" )or )or *a"o *a"ora raci ci+n +n # ,or!ac ,or!aci+n i+n # co!)"-o(.
M"rco torico
E" ca"cio ,or!a con " EDTA EDTA /(o"$ci+n (+#ica # (ta 1234 $n co!)"-o co!)"- o !á( (ta5" 6$ " #" !a&n(io )ro " ca"cio )ro#$c $n co"or !$' tn$ con " r8o cro!o n&ro T. Pri!ro " ion ca"cio ( co!5ina con " EDTA4 #()$9( :ac "o !i(!o " ion !a&n(io 6$ )$#ira ;i(tir4 ,or!an#o "o( " o( 6$"ato( r()cti*o(.
11 2 2
< Ca
Ca2 < M&2 <=
E" )$nto >na" # (ta tit$"aci+n ( !arc a#o )or "a r$)t$ra #" co!)"-o !&?in#4 6$ ( co"ora#o ' "a ($5(c$nt( ,or!aci+n #" co!)"-o M& @ EDTA EDTA ( # co"or #i,rnt.
11 2 2
< M&?in#
M&2 < ?in# <=
La canti#a# #" tit$"ant con($!i#o corr()on# a "a ($!a # ca"cio ' !a&n(io )r(nt( n "a !$(tra.
II#' II#'##
Dur ur" " d dl "u "u" "
La #$r%a #" a&$a ( #>n co!o "a ($!a # "a( concntracion( # ca"cio ' !a&n(io4 ;)r(a#a( co!o CaCO n !&". E" ran&o # #$r%a *ar8a ntr 0 ' cinto( # !&"4 #)n#in#o # "a ,$nt # a&$a ' " trata!into a 6$ :a'a (i#o (o!ti#a. Para #tr!inar "a canti#a# # ion( ca"cio ' !a&n(io ( $ti"i%an "a *o"$ *o"$! !tr tr8a 8a "a( "a( co co!) !)" ";o ;o!9 !9tr tric ica( a(44 n ""a ""a(( ( !i# !i# " *o"$! *o"$!n n # (o"$ (o"$ci ci+n +n )atr )atr+n +n44 nc nc(a (ario rio )ara )ara ,or! ,or!ar ar $n co co!) !)" "-o -o co con n $n ca cati ti+n +n !tá"i !tá"ico co #" co!)$ co!)$(to (to 6$ ( ana"i% ana"i%a. a. M$c:o( M$c:o( cation cation( ( !tá"i !tá"ico( co( racciona raccionan n con ()ci( ()ci( #a#ora( # "ctron( "ctron( ""a!a#a( "i&an#o(4 )ara ,or!ar co!)$(to( # coor#inaci+n o co!)"-o(. E" "i&an#o #5 tnr )or "o !no( $n )ar # "ctron( (in co!)artir. Lo( co!)"-o( ""a!a#o( 6$"ato(4 ( )ro#$cn )or "a coor#inaci+n # $n cati+n ' $n "i&an#o4 n "o( 6$ " cati+n /!tá"ico3 ( )art # $no o *ario( ani""o( # cinco o (i( !i!5ro(. Lo( co!)$(to( or&ánico( !á( conoci#o( 6$ ,or!an 6$"ato( $ti"i%a5"( n aná"i(i( c$antitati*o (on " áci#o nitri"otriactico nitri"otriactico44 " áci#o ti"n#ia!inottr ti"n#ia!inottraacti aactico co /EDTA3 /EDTA3 ' "a (a" #i(o#ica #" EDTA (to( co!)$(to( ( conocn co!rcia"!nt con "o( no!5r( # Titri)"; I4 II4 ' III r()cti*a!nt ta!5i9n ( $ti"i%an "o( no!5r( # Co!)";ona(4 Vrcno( Vrcno( o Sc$(trno(. La5oratorio # $8!ica Ana"8tica
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MICAELA BASTIDAS DE APURÌMAC FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA ESCUELA ACADÈMICO PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÌA AGROINDUSTRIAL
E" !á( !)"a#o # "o( antrior( co!)$(to( ( "a (a" #i (+#ica #" EDTA4 )or "a ,aci"i#a# # #i(o"$ci+n n a&$a "a (o"$ci+n ( )r)ara )or " !9to#o #ircto #a#o " caráctr # racti*o ti)o )ri!ario # "a (a" #i (+#ica. E" áci#o ti"n#ia!inottraactico EDTA contin c$atro :i#r+&no( áci#o( )or (a ra%+n ( r)r(nta ta!5i9n co!o =2. E" EDTA ,or!a co!)"-o( E(ta5"( con "a !a'or8a # "o( cation( ' ntra (i!)r n r"aci+n !o"ar n "a ,+r!$"a #" co!)"-o4 in#)n#int # "a car&a #" cati+n4 co!o ( !$(tra n "a( (i&$int( raccion( • • •
M&1< < 2= M&2 A"< < 2= A"2 Ca1< < 2= Ca2
III# M"tri"l& * r"ctivo& III#'# M"tri"l& Pi)ta( a,ora#a( # !" ' !" Va(o )rci)ita#o )ro)i)ta III#+# R"ctivo& EDTA In#ica#or NET B$Hr/N=C" < N=O3 CaCO A&$a #(ti"a#a In#ica#or !$r;i#a M$(tra( # a&$a/ a&$a( # (anto to!a( ' ta!5$rco a&$a # &ri,o3 I,# -rocdimi.to T/tulo dl EDTA Pri!ro )r)ara!o( n$(tra (o"$ci+n # EDTA4 ca"c$"an#o ($ )(o ' )ara "$&o a,orar"o a 10 !". L$&o )r)ara!o( n $n *a(o )rci)ita#o !" # CaCO4 aa#i!o( !" # 5a,r4 )ara "$&o aa#ir $na )i(ca # in#ica#or NET /):J03 o !$r;i#a/)J134 )ara 6$ tn&a $n co"or ro-o *ino/ NET3 o ro(a#o/!$r;i#a3 ' "$&o *a"ora!o( con "a (o"$ci+n # EDTA )r)ara#a antrior!nt4 :a(ta 6$ ca!5i a $n co"or a%$" o(c$ro /con NET3o )$r)$ra /con !$r;i#a3. Anota!o( " *o"$!n &a(ta#o # EDTA4 )ara :a""ar " TITULO #" EDTA. '# Dur" tot"l ,"lor"ci0. . mu&tr" S !i# $na #tr!ina#a !$(tra # a&$a /con )i)ta3 ' ( tran(>r a $n *a(o )rci)ita#o. ( aa# !" # #i(o"$ci+n r&$"a#ora # ) 0 /5$Hr3 ' )i(ca # in#ica#or NET ' ( :o!o&ni%a "a !%c"a. La5oratorio # $8!ica Ana"8tica
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MICAELA BASTIDAS DE APURÌMAC FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA ESCUELA ACADÈMICO PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÌA AGROINDUSTRIAL
L$&o ( aa# &ota a &ota ' a&itan#o con "a !ano4 "a #i(o"$ci+n # EDTA :a(ta " ca!5io # co"or # ro-o *ino a a%$". S anota " *o"$!n &a(ta#o ' ( r!)"a%a n "a ,+r!$"a # #$r%a tota".
+# Dtrmi."ci0. d c"lcio S !i# $na #tr!ina#a !$(tra # a&$a /con )i)ta3 ' ( tran(>r a $n *a(o )rci)ita#o. S aa# !" # #i(o"$ci+n r&$"a#ora # ) 1 /5$Hr3 ' $no( cri(ta"( # in#ica#or !$r;i#a ' ( :o!o&ni%a "a !%c"a. L$&o ( aa# &ota a &ota ' a&itan#o con "a !ano4 "a #i(o"$ci+n # EDTA :a(ta " ca!5io # co"or # ro(a#o a )$r)$ra. S anota " *o"$!n &a(ta#o ' ( r!)"a%a n "a ,+r!$"a # ca"cio. C1lculo& M"&" dl EDTA m2 m2
M . N . V val 372.24 x 0.1 x 250 ml 4
m 2 +34+56 d EDTA T/tulo d EDTA -7 ('8) !& CaCO 147 !" EDTA K !" EDTA Tit$"o J 0470 !" EDTA!& CaCO -7 ('+) 04=!& Ca 1.7 !" EDTA K !" EDTA Tit$"o J04= !" EDTA!& Ca Dur" tot"l 9ormul": Vg ( EDTA ) . T ( EDTA ) . 1000 DTJ Vm •
•
Mu&tr"& Au"& d &".to tom"& 2 . 8 ( EDTA ) . 0 , 3703 ( EDTA ) . 1000 DTJ 1 ml DT 2 107. Au" d ri;o (t"m$urco)
La5oratorio # $8!ica Ana"8tica
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MICAELA BASTIDAS DE APURÌMAC FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA ESCUELA ACADÈMICO PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÌA AGROINDUSTRIAL 1 , 6 ( EDTA ) . 0 , 3703 ( EDTA ) . 1000
DTJ
20 ml
DT J 7. Dtrmi."ci0. d c"lcio 9ormul": Vg ( EDTA ) . T ( EDTA ).1000 C" (ppm) J Vm •
Mu&tr"& Au"& d &".to tom"& 0,8 ( EDTA ) .0,1481 ( EDTA ) .1000 C" (ppm) J 2 ml C" (ppm) J41= Au" d ri;o(t"m$urco) 0,7 ( EDTA ) .0,1481( EDTA ) .1000 C" (ppm) J 2 ml C" (ppm) J 4 Dtrmi."ci0. d m".&io 9ormul": MJ DT @ Ca Au"& d &".to tom"& MJ 107. @ .1= MJ =.1 Au" d ri;o(t"m$urco) •
MJ 7. @ . MJ =.77 ,#
?
R&ult"do&
Lo( r($"ta#o( o5tni#o( n "a( !$(tra( (on "a( (i&$int(
Muestra Tamburco Aguas de santo tomas
,I#
Dureza total
Ca+2 ppm
Mg+2 ppm
7. 107.
4 41=
=.77 =.1
Di&cu&io.&
S #tr!in+ 6$ "a( !$(tra( # a&$a( # SANTO TOMAS (on !$' #$ra( )or con(i&$int no (on !$' a)to( )ara " con($!o :$!ano )ro " a&$a # ta!5$rco 6$ ( # &ri,o tin *a"or( in,rior( a 00))! "o c$a" ( $na canti#a# ac)ta5" )ara " con($!o :$!ano. La( !$(tra( tra8#a( # (anto to!a( ( o5(r*+ 6$ (on !$' #$ra( a"ta( concntracion( # ca"cio ' !a&n(io "o c$a" ( co!n )or6$ (on $na( a&$a( continnta"( ($5trrána( con $n &ra#o # !inra"i%aci+n La5oratorio # $8!ica Ana"8tica
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MICAELA BASTIDAS DE APURÌMAC FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA ESCUELA ACADÈMICO PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÌA AGROINDUSTRIAL
!a'or. En ca!5io " a&$a # ta!5$rco ( 5"an#a $na ra%+n ( 6$ co!o ( )ara con($!o :$!ano ( " :ac "o( trata!into( )ara r#$cir "a( concntracion( # !inra"(.
,II# Co.clu&io.&
D "a )ráctica ra"i%a#a conc"$i!o( "o (i&$int E" !9to#o co!)";o!trico ( $n !9to#o !$' ti" " !á( $ti"i%a#o )ara #tr!inaci+n # "a #$r%a # a&$a # *ario( ti)o( co!o ( :i%o n "a )ráctica n "a( a&$a( # (anto to!a( ' a&$a # &ri,o ' ta!5i9n ( )$# $ti"i%ar )ara "a #tr!inaci+n # ca"cio ' !a&n(io n a"i!nto(. Por (o ( !$' ti" (a5r "a $ti"i%aci+n corrcta # "o( racti*o( co!o EDTA4 5$Hr ' :acr "a( *a"oracion( corrcta!nt. a "a :ora # #tr!inar "a( E(t !9to#o ( !$' ti" concntracion( ;acta( # !a&n(io ' ca"cio n a&$a( a(i (a5r a "a c"a(i>caci+n a 6$ )rtncn 6$ )$# (r a&$a( 5"an#a(4 !o#ra#a!nt #$ra(4 #$ra( ' !$' #$ra( 4 ' n (ta )ráctica ( #tr!in+ 6$ "a( a&$a( )roc#nt( # (anto to!a( ( !$' #$ra "a( concntracion( (on !a'or( a 00))! ' "a !$(tra ana"i%a#a # ta!5$rco ra $na a&$a 5"an#a )or6$ (tá n " ran&o # 0?00))!.
,III#
•
•
•
MAAN AND M2ERS. $8!ica C$r(o Uni*r(itarioQ. A##i(on? ("' I5roa!ricana = E#ici+n. M9;ico 0. IRAABAL4 A"-an#ro.Q $8!ica La5oratorioQ. E#icion( Co?Bo. 1 E#ici+n. Caraca( =. BERMEO4 . 6$8!ica ana"8tica. &nra" c$antitati*a in(tr$!nta" /1 *o"3. E#. Paranin,o. DA2 R. A. ' UNDEROOD A. L. 6$8!ica ana"8tica c$antitati*a (ta#8(tica. Prntic :a"".
La5oratorio # $8!ica Ana"8tica
