Informe 4 Conservación de La Energia

FIS – 100 LAB

1-8

CONSERVACIÓN CONS ERVACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA ENER GÍA

CONSERVACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA

CONTENIDO RESUMEN

Pag.

Contenido

I.

OBJETIVO DE LA PRÁCTICA

1



1.1.

O!"eti#o Gene$a%



1.2.

O!"eti#o& e&'e()*i(o&



II+

MARCO TEÓRICO



III.

PROCEDIMIENTO E,PERIMENTAL

-

IV.

MATERIALES

.

V.

ANÁLISIS / TRATAMIENTO TRATAMIENTO DE DATOS DATOS

.

VI.

CUESTIONARIO

0

VII.

CONCLUSIONES



VIII.

BIBLIOGRA2ÍA



I,+

ANE,OS



FIS – 100 LAB 2-8 CONSERVACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA I. OBJETIVO DE LA PRÁCTICA 1.1. O!"eti#o Gene$a% Comprobar q! "a !#!r$%a p!&! 'ra#()ormar(! !# o'ra( )orma( &! !#!r$%a #o (! p!&! *r!ar #+ &!('r+r, *o#*!p'o *o#o*+&o *omo pr+#*+p+o &! *o#(!ra*+# &! "a !#!r$%a. 1.2. O!"eti#o& e&'e()*i(o& Lo( ob/!'+o( !(p!*%)+*o( &! !('a pr*'+*a (o# D!'!rm+#ar "a !#!r$%a *+#'+*a &! # *!rpo. D!'!rm+#ar "a !#!r$%a po'!#*+a" &! # *!rpo &! # *!rpo !# !" *ampo $ra+'a*+o#a" &! "a '+!rra. V!r+)+*ar "a *o#(!ra*+# &! !#!r$%a m!*#+*a 'o'a" &! # *!rpo. -

MARCO TEÓRICO La Ene$g)a, !( "a *apa*+&a& &! # (+('!ma )%(+*o para r!a"+3ar 'raba/o. La ma'!r+a po(!! !#!r$%a *omo r!("'a&o &! ( mo+m+!#'o o &! ( po(+*+# !# r!"a*+# *o# "a( )!r3a( q! a*'4a# (obr! !""a. 5# *!rpo &! ma(a m q! (! 'ra("a&a *o# #a !"o*+&a& &! mo&"o  6 '+!#! #a )orma &! !#!r$%a m!*#+*a q! (! &!#om+#a !#!r$%a *+#'+*a 6 q! !('a &a&a por II.

K 

1 2

mv 2

S+ !" *!rpo )orma par'! &! # (+('!ma !# !" q! !(' (om!'+&o a "a( a**+o#!( &! "a( )!r3a( *o#(!ra'+a(, !#'o#*!( !" *!rpo '!#&r o'ra )orma &! !#!r$%a m!*#+*a &!#om+#a&a Energía portencia, U , q! (! &!b! a ( po(+*+#. 5#a )!r3a !( *o#(!ra'+a (+ !" 'raba/o 7!*7o por !(a )!r3a (obr! # *!rpo (+$+!#&o #a 'ra6!*'or+a *!rra&a, !( *!ro !# *a(o *o#'rar+o, (!r no conservativa. E#'o#*!(, "a !#!r$%a m!*#+*a 'o'a" &! # *!rpo, E , !( E  K  U

S+ (obr! # *!rpo a*'4a# ("o )!r3a( *o#(!ra'+a(, ( !#!r$%a m!*#+*a 'o'a" #o *amb+a !( &!*+r, (! *o#(!ra. La )!r3a $ra+'a*+o#a" !( # !/!mp"o &! )!r3a *o#(!ra'+a(. E# "a( *!r*a#%a( &! "a (p!r)+*+! '!rr!('r!, (+ (! a(m! q! "a !#!r$%a po'!#*+a" 9$ra+'a*+o#a": &! # *!rpo !( *!ro, *a#&o !(! *!rpo !(' a #a a"'ra 7 &! ( po*+(+# or+$+#a", ( !#!r$%a po'!#*+a" (!r U

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mgh

;ara # !('&+o pr*'+*a &! !('! '!ma p!&! (ar(! !" arr!$"o &! "a )+$ra 1, !# !" q! # "a#3a&or &! pro6!*'+"!( (! &+(po#! para "a#3ar !r'+*a"m!#'! #a !()!ra &! ma(a m *o# #a !"o*+&a& +#+*+a" &! m&"o V O. L!$o, "a !#!r$%a *+#'+*a +#+*+a" &! "a !()!ra (!r K O

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1 2

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;&+!#&o a(m+r(! q! "a !#!r$%a po'!#*+a" !# !" +#('a#'! &!" "a#3am+!#'o !( *!ro !( &!*+r U O

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FIS – 100 LAB <-8 A" )+#a" &!" a(*!#(o, "a !"o*+&a& &! "a !()!ra (!r *!ro "!$o "a !#!r$%a *+#'+*a (!r K f

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= ( !#!r$%a po'!#*+a", U f

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S+ (! &!(pr!*+a "a +#)"!#*+a &!" a+r!, "a !#!r$%a m!*#+*a 'o'a" &! "a !()!ra &!b! ma#'!#!r(! *o#('a#'!, "!$o, E  K  U  K O

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U O

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;ara &!'!rm+#ar v , p!&! &+(po#!r(! &!" arr!$"o &! "a )+$ra 2, !# !" *a" "a !()!ra !( &+(para&a 7or+3o#'a"m!#'! &!(&! #a a"'ra H &!" (!"o, "o$ra#&o (obr! !('! # a"*a#*! 7or+3o#'a" D. E#'o#*!(, &! a*!r&o *o# "a !*a*+# O

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III.

1. 2.

3.

4. 5. 6.



D

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PROCEDIMIENTO E,PERIMENTAL >o#'ar !" arr!$"o &! "a )+$ra 2, !r+)+*a#&o q! !" #$"o &! &+(paro &!" "a#3a&or (!a *!ro. Co# !" "a#3a&or !# ( po(+*+# &! a"*a#*! m!&+o &+(parar #a !()!ra m!'"+*a. E# "a 3o#a &! +mpa*'o a !" (!"o )+/ar # pap!" b"a#*o 6 *br+r"o *o# pap!" *arb#+*o &! ma#!ra q! p!&a# mar*ar(! "o( +mpa*'o( &! "a !()!ra. R!a"+3ar o*7o "a#3am+!#'o(. Co# "a a6&a &! #a p"oma&a mar*ar !# !" (!"o "a po(+*+# 7or+3o#'a" &!" *!#'ro &! "a !()!ra !# !" +#('a#'! &!" "a#3am+!#'o. L!#ar "a ?ab"a &! "a 7o/a &! &a'o( m+&+!#&o "o( a"*a#(!( 7or+3o#'a"!( &! "a !()!ra !# !" (!"o, D, 6 *a"*"ar ( prom!&+o. >!&+r "a a"'ra &!(&! q! (! &+(para "a !()!ra, @. L"!#ar "a (+$+!#'! 'ab"a &! &a'o( !# )orma (+m+"ar a "a a#'!r+or p!ro para #a !()!ra &! p"('+*o. >o#'ar !" arr!$"o &! "a F+$ra 1, !r+)+*a#&o q! !" #$"o &! &+(paro &!" "a#3a&or (!a 0 . D+(parara "a !()!ra m!'"+*a *o# !" ra#$o &! a"*a#*! m!&+o &!" "a#3a&or 6 &!'!rm+#ar "a m+ma a"'ra q! a"*a#3a a#o'ar !(! a"or *omo h. R!'!#!r "a !()!ra

FIS – 100 LAB -8 CONSERVACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA *a#&o &!(*+!#&a a )+# &! !+'ar q! $o"p!! "a bo*a &!" "a#3a&or 6 "a &a!. >!&+r "a ma(a, m, &! "a !()!ra. R!p!'+r !" p#'o a#'!r+or para "a !()!ra &! p"('+*o. 7. IV.

MATERIALES Lo( ma'!r+a"!( q! (! 7a# '+"+3a&o !# !('a pr*'+*a (o#  D+(para&or &! pro6!*'+"!(  5#a !()!ra &! m!'a" 6 #a !()!ra &! p"('+*o 9pro6!*'+"!(:  5#a r!$"a.  5#a pr!#(a  5#a p"oma&a.  ;ap!" *arb#+*o  ;ap!" b"a#*o.

V.

ANÁLISIS / TRATAMIENTO DE DATOS N 1 2 <   H 

A"*a#*! 7or+3o#'a" A"*a#*! 7or+3o#'a" A"'ra &! *a%&a D 9*m: 9m!'a": D 9*m: 9p"('+*o: @ 9*m:  110. 88 H. 10.< 88 H.8 10. 88 H. 111. 88 H. 111.2 88 H.< 111. 88 H.2 110. 88

8

H.

108.<

88

P$o3+

50+06.

117+15

88

FIS – 100 LAB

-8

#

A"'ra a"*a#3a&a @ 9*m: 9m!'a":

1 2 <   H 

0 0. H8. H8. H8.8 H8. H8.

11H. 11 11H. 11.8 11.2 11H. 11H.

H.H H.H H.H H.H H.H H.H H.H

.H .H .H .H .H .H .H

8

H8.

11.

H.H

.H

06+7-5

110+

05+0

6+0

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A"'ra a"*a#3a&a @ 9*m: 9p"('+*o:


>a(a &! "a !()!ra m 9$:

>a(a &! "a !()!ra m 9$:

FIS – 100 LAB

VI.

H-8


CUESTIONARIO 1.

i !a energía so!o se conserva, "#e #on#e proviene !a energía cin$tica inicia! #e !as es%eras en este e&perimento'

(. La !#!r$%a +#+*+a" &! "a( !()!ra pro+!#! &!" +mpa*'o &!" "a#3a&or por q! !" "a#3a&or

!# ( +#'!r+or '+!#! # (+('!ma &! r!(or'!( !" *a" 'ra#()+!r! !#!r$%a a "a( !()!ra(. 2.

En este e&perimento sien#o e! !an)a#or e! mismo, "por *+$ !a es%era #e p!stico !ogra ma-or a!cance'

( ;orq! "a !()!ra &! p"('+*o '+!#! m!#o( p!(o q! "a !()!ra &! m!'a" "o q! 7a*!

q! "a !#!r$%a (! *o#(!r! 7a*+!#&o q! "a !()!ra &! p"('+*o "o$r! # ma6or a"*a#*!. 3.

En ca#a +no #e !os casos est+#ia#os en este e&perimento, "p+e#e #ecirse *+e !a energía mecnica tota! #e !as es%eras se conserva' " / *+e p+e#e #e0erse !a #i%erencia entre !a energía potencia! %ina! - !a energía cin$tica inicia! #e !as es%eras' E&p!icar.

(. E)!*'+am!#'! p!&! &!*+r(! q! #o (! *o#(!ro "a 'o'a"+&a& &! "a !#!r$%a por a"

7a*!r !" !p!r+m!#'o #o (! 'omo !# *!#'a m*7o( )a*'or!( q! +#'!r+#+!ro# "a *o#(!ra*+# &! "a !#!r$%a *omo por !/!mp"o #o (! 'omo !# *!#'a !" ro3am+!#'o &!" a+r! *o# "a !()!ra "a pr!*+(+# &! "a( m!&+&a( , "a !#!r$%a (o#ora q! (! p+!r&! 7a('a "a !#!r$%a *a"or%)+*a q! (! p+!r&!. 4.

/ +n 0!o*+e +0ica#o so0re +na s+per%icie hori)onta! se !e #a cierta ve!oci#a# inicia!, pero como oc+rre en !a rea!i#a# #esp+$s #e recorrer cierta #istancia, e! 0!o*+e se #etiene. "*+$ oc+rre con !a energía cin$tica inicia! #e! 0!o*+e'

R. S+ a # b"oq! "! ap"+*amo( #a !"o*+&a& por #a (p!r)+*+! !('! &!b!r%a !('ar !# mo+m+!#'o por # '+!mpo +#&!)+#+&o 7a('a q! a"$o o a"$+!# &!'!#$a ( mo+m+!#'o, p!ro !('o #o o*rr! 6a q! "a ma6or%a &! "a !#!r$%a ap"+*a&a a" b"oq! !# !" pr+#*+p+o (! p+!r&! !# !" ro3am+!#'o q! !+('! !#'r! "a (p!r)+*+! &!" b"oq! 6 "a (p!r)+*+! p"a#o !('a 'ra#()orma*+# pa(a &! !#!r$%a *+#'+*a a !#!r$%a *a"or%)+*a, (o#ora, !# )orma &! +bra*+#, 6 'amb+# (! p+!r&! !# "a (p!r)+*+! &! *ara *o# !" *7oq! *o# !" a+r! 7a('a !('! )a*'or !( *apa3 &! ab(orb!r "a !#!r$%a. 5.

Una persona *+e !!eva hori)onta!mente +n pesa#o ma!etín con ve!oci#a# constante "rea!i)a a!gn tra0ao' E&p!icar.

(. S+ !( q! "a p!r(o#a !('a (b+!#&o /#'o *o# !" ma"!'%# (+ !('a 7a*+!#&o 'raba/o 6a

q! "a )!r3a q! !('a +mpr+m+!#&o !( 7a*+a arr+ba 6 *omo !('a "o$ra#&o &!(p"a3ar !" ma"!'%# 7a*+a arr+ba !#'o#*!( !" pro&*'o !(*a"ar !#'r! "a )!r3a 6 !" &!(p"a3am+!#'o 9*o#(+&!ra#&o # #$"o &! 0: !( "a *a#'+&a& &! 'raba/o q! !('a !mp"!a#&o.

FIS – 100 LAB

VII.

-8


CONCLUSIONES  @! ""!$a&o a "a *o#*"(+# &! q! "a *a#'+&a& &! !#!r$%a q! (! !mp"!a (+!mpr! !( *o#(!ra'+a a#q! !# !" pro*!(o (! &!(p!r&+*+! #a *o#(+&!rab"! *a#'+&a& &! !#!r$%a. 

En esta practica aprendimos las transformaciones que sufre la energía en diferentes condiciones, también nos dimos cuenta de que se desprende o se les agrega energía a los diferentes tipos de fenómenos, tanto físicos como químicos.



S! p&o *omprobar q! (! p!&! !a"ar "a *a#'+&a& &! !#!r$%a q! (! !mp"!a !# # pr+#*+p+o 6 !r q! !+('! #a *o#(!ra*+# !# !" pro*!(o. No'! q! "o( +#('rm!#'o( '+"+3a&o( *mp"!# # $ra# pap!" !# !" &!(arro""o &! "a pra*'+*a !( #!*!(ar+o '!#!r pr!*a*+# !# "a 'oma &! &a'o( para !('! '+po &! !p!r+m!#'o(. ?amb+# po&!mo( (!a"ar q! apr!#&+mo( !" *orr!*'o (o &! "o( +#('rm!#'o( 9 6a m!#*+o#a&o(: 6 "a )orma *orr!*'a &! +#'!rpr!'ar (( !(*a"a(.





VIII.

BIBLIOGRA2ÍA

FISICA >ECANICA A'or!( A")r!&o "ar!3 C. = E&ar&o @a6'a C. Car'a !&+*+# La ;a3 - Bo"++a Ao2002 FISICA 5NIVERSI?ARIA A'or!( Fra#*+( S!ar(, >arJ K!ma#(J6 @o$7 o#$ E&+'or+a" A&+&+(o# M!("!6 5.S.A. Ao 18H >ICROSOF? ENCICLO;EDIA IN?ERAC?IVA ENCAR?A 200 So)'ar! +#'!ra*'+o 5.S.A. 999+en(a$ta+3&n+e& 7''p'!"!)orma*+o#.!&.a6'o"a*or#a.!(FISICA&o*m!#''!or+aAPFra#*o&+#am+*a'raba/o !#!r$+a!#!r$+a.7'm I#'!r#!'. 999+(ien(ia*i&i(a+(o3  6 pa$+#a( &! &om+#+o p4b"+*o $!#!ra". I#'!r#!'. 999+di(o#e$:en%ae&(;e%a+(o3  6 pa$+#a( &! &om+#+o p4b"+*o $!#!ra". IX. 

ANE,OS E" *!('+o#ar+o &! !('! +#)orm! *orr!(po#&! a "a $%a &! "abora'or+o &!" I#$. >a#!" R. Sor+a. La 7o/a &! &a'o( *orr!(po#&+!#'! a !('! !p!r+m!#'o !('a !# !" )+#a" &!" +#)orm!

FIS – 100 LAB

8-8


Informe 4 Conservación de La Energia

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