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IMPORTANT POINTS OF TELANGANA
1950: Telangana became Hyderabad State. 1952: First elections held in Hyderabad State. Nov 1, 1956: Telangana merged with Andhra State, which was carved out of Madras State, to form Andhra Pradesh, a united state for Telugusea!ing eole. 1969: "#ai Telangana" movement for searate statehood to Telangana began. $ver %&& eole !illed in olice 'ring. 1972: "#ai Andhra" movement began in coastal Andhra for searate Andhra State. 1975: Presidential order issued to imlement Si( Point Formula, roviding some safeguards to Telangana. 1997: )#P suorted demand for Telangana state* in + election, it romised "one vote two states". 2001: . /handrase!hara 0ao 1oated Telangana 0ashtra Samithi 2T0S3 to revive Telangana movement. 2004: T0S fought elections in alliance with /ongress, wins 've 4o! Sabha and 56 assembly seats. 7PA includes Telangana issue in common minimum rogramme. 2008: T8P announced suort for Telangana demand. 2009: T0S contested elections in alliance with T8P but its tally came down to two 4o! Sabha and +& assembly seats. Sep 2: /hief Minister Minis ter 9.S. 0a:ase!hara 0a:ase!h ara 0eddy died in helicoter helicote r crash, triggering olitical uncertainty.
Oct 2009: /handrase!hara 0ao began fast-unto-death for Telangana state. Dec 9: /entre announced decision to initiate the rocess for formation of Telangana Telangana state. Dec 23; Following rotests in 0ayalaseema and Andhra regions 2Seemandhra3 and en mass resignations of MPs and state legislators, centre ut the rocess on hold citing need for consensus. Feb 3, 2010: /entre set u 've-member Sri!rishna committee to loo! into Telangan Telangana a issue. issue . Dec 2010: Sri!rishna committee submitted its reort, suggested si( otions July 30, 2013: 2013: 7PA coordination anel and /ongress . iran umar 0eddy 0eddy raised banner of revolt against /ongress leadershi. He wrote letters to resident and rime minister urging them to sto bifurcation rocess.
Dec 5, 2013: 7nion cabinet aroved draft Andhra Pradesh 0eorganisation 0eorganisation )ill 5&+% reared on the basis of recommendations by the =oM. )ill sent to President Pranab Mu!her:ee with a re?uest to ma!e a reference to Andhra Pradesh legislature to obtain its views under Article % of the /onstitution. Dec 9: The President gave time till #an 5% to the state legislature to give its views.
Oct 2009: /handrase!hara 0ao began fast-unto-death for Telangana state. Dec 9: /entre announced decision to initiate the rocess for formation of Telangana Telangana state. Dec 23; Following rotests in 0ayalaseema and Andhra regions 2Seemandhra3 and en mass resignations of MPs and state legislators, centre ut the rocess on hold citing need for consensus. Feb 3, 2010: /entre set u 've-member Sri!rishna committee to loo! into Telangan Telangana a issue. issue . Dec 2010: Sri!rishna committee submitted its reort, suggested si( otions July 30, 2013: 2013: 7PA coordination anel and /ongress . iran umar 0eddy 0eddy raised banner of revolt against /ongress leadershi. He wrote letters to resident and rime minister urging them to sto bifurcation rocess.
Dec 5, 2013: 7nion cabinet aroved draft Andhra Pradesh 0eorganisation 0eorganisation )ill 5&+% reared on the basis of recommendations by the =oM. )ill sent to President Pranab Mu!her:ee with a re?uest to ma!e a reference to Andhra Pradesh legislature to obtain its views under Article % of the /onstitution. Dec 9: The President gave time till #an 5% to the state legislature to give its views.
Dec 12, 2013: )ill brought to Hyderabad in a secial aircraft and amid tight security. security. Dec 16, 2013: )ill introduced in both houses of state legislature amid clashes between Seemandhra and Telangana lawma!ers. Jan 8, 2014: 2014: After disrutions for several days, debate 'nally began on the bill in assembly and council. Jan 21, 2014: 2014: State government sought four more wee!s wee !s to debate the bill. The President gave one wee!. Jan 27, 2014: 2014: /hief Minister iran umar 0eddy gave notice to assembly sea!er for a resolution to re:ect the bill. Jan 30, 2014: 2014: Amid ruc!us, both houses of state legislature assed by a voice vote o@cial resolutions, re:ecting the bill and aealing to the President not to send the bill to arliament. Feb 5, 2014: /hief minister staged sit-in in 8elhi to oose bifurcation. Feb 7, 2014: 7nion cabinet cleared the bill and re:ected Seemandhra leaders" demand to ma!e Hyderabad a union territory. )ill sent to the President for his aroval to table it in arliament. Feb 11, 2013: /ongress e(elled si( MPs from Seemandhra for moving no-con'dence motion against government. Feb 13, 2014: )ill introduced in 4o! Sabha amid clashes between MPs from Seemandhra and Telangana. 4. 0a:agoal, a MP from Seemandhra, used eer sray in the house. Sea!er susended +6 MPs including 0a:agoal for rest of the session. Feb 18, 2014: 4o! Sabha asses Telangana bill !"to#y o$ %elan&ana e'pla!ne( !n 10 po!nt"
Telangana Telangana 0ashtra 0ashtra Samithi 2T0S3 chef /handrase!hara 0ao 0ao resigned as a member of 4o! Sabha from the Meda! constituency in order to become the 'rst /hief Minister of ndia"s 5th state, Telangana.
1. The name Telangana is derived from the word Telugu Angana, which means a lace where Telugu is so!en. The >iBams 2+C5D-+D3 used the word Telangana to diEerentiate it from the Marathi sea!ing regions of their !ingdom
Satvahanas ruled this region region between 2. From 5%& )/ to 55& A8, the Satvahanas rishna and =odaveri rivers.
3. The region e(erienced a =olden Age, in between +&%-+5&%, under the reign of the a!atiyas a!atiyas who established
4. n +%& A8, Allaudin hil:i"s general Mali! afur attac!ed attac!ed iBam-ul-mul! Asif #ah 2Asif #ahin >iBam dynasty3 established his indeendence and made Hyderabad the caital of the emire in +C6. 6. n +C, the )ritish sign an alliance with >iBam Asif #ah. The >iBam ceded coastal Andhra and 0ayalseema regions to the )ritish. 7. The region remained under the )ritish and the >iBams till +D6, the year of Telangana rebellion, which was ?uelled by the >iBam"s 0aBa!ars 2mercenaries3 8. After ndia"s indeendence in +DC, the last >iBam of Hyderabad, $sman Ali han, refused to :oin the ndian 7nion desite reeated re?uests from #awaharlal >ehru and Sardar Patel. The ndian army anne(ed anne(ed Hyderabad and the >iBam surrendered to Sardar Patel on +Cth Setember, +D. Hyderabad State accedes to the ndian 7nion. 9. n 8ecember +%, the States 0eorganisation 0eorganisation /ommission was aointed to recommend the reorganisation reorganisation of state boundaries. The anel was not in favour of an immediate merger of Telangana with Andhra state, desite their common language. ehru, Telangana and Andhra states were merged on >ovember +, +6. >ehru termed the merger a Gmatrimonial alliance having rovisions for divorceG. 10. n 5&+%, the 7P 7 PA government headed by Manmohan Singhclears Singhclears the formation of Telangana. $n #une 5, 5+&D, /handrase!har 0ao ta!es oath as the 'rst chief minister of Telangana, ndia"s 5th state.
Te Te la ng an a w as a re reg g io n in the th e re r e se nt st a te of And An d hr a Pra Pr a de sh and formerly was art of Hyderabad state, which was ruled by
>iBam. Andhra Pradesh State has three main cultural regions namely, Telengana, Telengana, /oas tal Andhra region and 0ayalaseema. Th e Te la ng an a re reg g io n h as a n a re rea a of + +D , D& s ? ua re !ilo !i lo me tres tr es and a oulation of %,56,CC 25&++ census3, which is D+.6 of Andhra Pradesh state oulat ion. The Telangana Telangana region comrise of +& districts; Adilabad, Hyderabad, hammam, arimnagar, Mahbubnagar, Meda!, >algonda, >iBamabad, 0angareddy, and
!"to#y o$ %elan&ana
iBam of Hyderabad did not want to merge with ndian 7nion and wanted to remain indeendent under the secial rovisions given to rincely states. He even as!ed for a corridor, a assage from ndia. 0ebellion had started throughout the state against t he >iBamJs ru le and his army. army. The =overnment of ndia anne(ed Hyderabad State on +C Setember +D, in an oeration by the ndian Army called $eration Polo. iBamJs dominions of the rincely state of Hyderabad, +5 in the Madras Presidency 2>orthern /ircars3 , and one in Frenchcontrolled 9anam. Th e / en t ra l = ov e rnm rn m en t a o in te d a ci vi l se rv an t, M. . Kello Kel lo di , as First /hief Minister of Hyderabad State on 56 #anuary +&. n +5, 8r. )urgula 0ama!rishna 0ao was elected /hie f minister of Hyderabad State in the 'rst democratic election. 8uring this time there were violent agitations by some Te Te la ng an it es to s en d ba c! bu re rea a uc ra ts fro fr o m Ma d ra s st a te , an d to strictly imlement rule by natives of Hyderabad.
Meanwhile, Telugu-sea!ing areas in the >orthern /ircars and 0ayalaseema regions were carved out of the erstwhile Madras state on the fast unto death by Potti Sri 0amulu to create Andhra State in +%, with urnool as its caital. >ehru chose to ignore SriramuluJs fast. $n the 6th day of his fast unto death, Sriramulu died and violence eruted. n 8ecember +%, the States 0eorganiBation /ommission was aointed to study the creation of states on linguistic basis.L+6 The States 0eorganiBation /ommission 2S0/3 was not in favor of an immediate me rger of Telangana region with Andhra state, desite their common language. Th e e o le of Tel ang an a ha d se ve ra l co nc erns. The regio n ha d a less-develoed economy than Andhra, but with a larger revenue base 2mostly because it ta(ed rather than rohibited alcoholic beverages3, w hich eole of Telangana feared might b e diverted for use in Andhra. They feared that lanned irrigation ro:ects on the rishna and =odavari rivers would not bene't Telangana roortionately, even though eole of Telangana controlled the headwaters of the rivers. t was feared that the eole of Andhra, who had access to higher standards of education under the )ritish rule, would have an unfair advantage in see!ing government and educational :obs. Th e /hi ef Mi ni ste r of Hyd er ab ad St at e, )u rgula 0ama! ri shn a 0ao, e(ressed his view that ma:ority of Telangana eole were against the merger. He suorted the /ongress artyJs central leadershi decision to merge Telangana and Andhr a desite oosition in Telangana. Andhr a state ass embly assed a resolution on 5 >ovember + to rovide safeguards to Tela ng an a. Tela ng an a le ad er s di d no t be li ev e th e sa fe gua rds wou ld wor !.
5& February +6 to merge Telangana and Andhra with romises to safeg uard TelanganaJs interests. Following the =entlemenJs agreement, the central government established a uni'ed Andhra Pradesh on >ovember +, +6. The agreement rovided reassura nces to Telangana in terms of ower-sharing as well as administrative domicile rules and distribution of e(enses of various regions. )ut within a few years, Andhra Pradesh was roc!ed by olitical turmoil. )etween +6 and +C5, the state witnessed two searate moveme nts- N #ai TelanganaJ and N #ai AndhraJ. The Tela ng an a le ad er s accus ed Andhr a le ad ers of 1 outing the gentlemenJs agreement. Andhra leaders retaliated by saying the NMul!isJ olicy was discrimination against them. n ++J the >iBam had issued a decree stating that only NMul!isJ, that is eole born in the state or those who had lived there for atleast + years, were eligible for ublic aointment in the state. 8omiciled NMul!isJ were also re?uired to have an a@davit that they would never return to their native laces. After the merger, the eole of Hyderabad wanted this rule to be observed, while the eole of coastal Andhra and other arts of the state were against it. The movement, which started with the demands of safeguarding the interests of the eole of the erstwhile Hyderabad state, soon started demanding a searate state. $n #an ua ry +& , + C% , resi den tJ s rul e wa s im o se d, but so on the matter was resolved for the time being. )*y a %elan&ana State+
-The government has discr iminated against the region by roviding a huge chun! of aid to rivate colleges 2#unior as well as 8egree3 in coastal Andhra and 0ayalaseema with very little to the rivate colleg es in Telangana. -
indirect bene'ts in terms of emloyment and develoment of the area around a state level instituteOuniversity are denied to the districts of Telangana while D state level institutions have been located in one town 2Tiruati3 of district /hittoor in 0ayalaseema region. -t is stated that there are four government medical colleges for the four districts in 0ayalseema,whereas there are only two medical colleges for the districts in Telangana2e(cluding Hyderabad3 and as a result, even students with a high ran! cannot get a seat. n nursing also, there are several colleges in 0ayalaseema whereas Telangana has only one colleg e which was established during the >iBam eriod. -The government health facilities 2Hosital )eds and 8octors3 er lac oulation are the highest in 0ayalaseema region followed by coastal Andhra region. Telangana region articularly, e(cluding Hyderabad, is behind in these resects. -8iscrimination has ben done against Telangana in the distribution of river waters, inade?uate mechanisms to address inter regional disutes over river water sharing and water use and art diversion of river =odavari to coastal Andhra and river rishna to 0ayalaseema to the detriment of the Telangana region. -t is claimed that cultural domination by coastal Andhra has aE ected the develom ent of distinctive Telangana culture with lac! of resect for Telangana writers , oets, art ists and other literary 'gures. -t is claimed that festivals li!e )athu!amma, )onalu, 8ashera, 8eeavali, Holi, Peera Panduga2Muslim festival3, #ataras 2festival of tribals and 8alits3 are celebrated in Telangana but not in coastal Andhra and not given recognition in the state.
-They argue that several agreements and romises m ade and beginning with those in the =entlemenJs Agreement have not been adhered to. -They also alleged that Telangana chief ministers reresented the state for only +&.6 years out of over 've decades of its e(istence, with no chief minister from the region being in ower continuously for more than 5 +O5 years, while Seema-Andhra region held it for D5 years.
vent" lea(!n& to -!$u#cat!on
-n +, /ongress demanded creation of Telangana state. /ongress was then smarting under crushing defeats in successive elections to the state Assembly and Parliament with the ruling Telugu 8esam Party in an unassailable osition. -9et another chater oened in the struggle for Telangana when alva!untla /handrase!har 0ao, who was seething over denial of /abinet berth in the /handrababu >aidu government, wal!ed out of T8P and la unched Telangana 0ashtra Samiti on 5C Aril 5&&+. -Following ressure alied by Telangana /ongress leaders, the /entral 8A government see!ing constitution of a second States 0e-organisation /ommission to loo! into Tela ng an a state de ma nd , whi ch wa s re:e ct ed by th e the n 7n io n Home Minister 4 Advani. -T0S started gradually building the movement for a searate state. -/ongress forged an electoral alliance with T0S by romising to create Telangana state.
-/ongress came to ower in 5&&D, both in the state and at the /entre, and T0S became art of the coalition governments at both laces. -Protesting delay in carving out the searate state, T0S ?uit the coalition governments in the state and at the /entre in 8ecember 5&&6 and continued an indeendent 'ght. -n $ctober 5&&, T8P changed its stance and declared suort for bifurcation of the state. -T0S launched an inde'nite hunger stri!e on 5 >ovember 5&& demanding creation of Telangana. The /entre budged and came out with an announcement on 8ecember 5&& that it was initiating the rocess for formation of Telangana stateQ. -)ut the /entre announced on 5% 8ecember 5&& that it was utting Telangana issue on hold. This fanned rotests across Tela ng an a wit h so me studen ts end in g th ei r li ve s fo r a se a rat e state. -The /entre then constituted a 've-member /ommittee on % February 5&+&, headed by former :udge Sri!rishna, to loo! into statehood demand. The /ommittee submitted its reort to the /entre on %& 8ecember 5&+&. -Telagana region witnessed a series of agitations li!e the Million March, /halo Assembly and Sa!ala:anula Samme 2general stri!e3 in 5&++-+5 while M4As belonging to diEerent arties ?uit from the House. -
.u##ent Scena#!o
-The 4o! Sabha as sed the Andhra Pradesh 0eorganisation Act, 5&+D, which bifurcates the State of Andhra Pradesh into Tela ng an a an d An dhr a Prade sh, on + th February 5&+D and on 5& th February 5&+D by the 0a:ya Sabha. The President of ndia attested the bill on + s t March 5&+D. The aointed day for the formation of the new states was 5 n d #une 5&+D. Hyderabad will serve as the common caital for both states for +& years. Thereafter, it will be in Telangana. How ever, the Seemandhra caital is e(ected to come u in a coule of years R most robably between =untur and Ki:ayawada 2two ma:or towns searated by about %!ms3. Till then, the government buildings in Hyderabad will be shared by the two states.
y(e#aba( State /194856 From
y(e#aba( State /1948 1956
State of ndia
1948 1956
+6 ma of Southern ndia showing Hyderabad state in yellowish green. After the States reorganiBation in +6, regions west of the red and blue lines merged with )ombay and Mysore statesresectively and the remaining art 2 Telangana3 was merged with Andhra state to form Andhra Pradesh. !"to#y
- Hyderabad State formed fromHyderabad Princely State
+D
- 0eorganiBed renamed Andhra Pradesh
and
+ 6
States of ndia since +DC Hyderabad state until +6 y(e#aba( State was a state in ndeendent ndia, formed after the accession of the rincely state of Hyderabad into the ndian 7nion on 5D >ovember +D. t e(isted from +D to +6.
Following the States 0eorganisation Act Hyderabad State was merged withAndhra State in +6 and renamed Andhra Pradesh.L+ .ontent" L hide •
+ History
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5 Military =overnor
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% 0a:ramu!h
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D First Aointed /hief Minister
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First Ilected /hief Minister
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6 8istricts of Hyderabad State
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C Merger with Andhra State
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/hief Ministers of Hyderabad State
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0eferences HistoryLedit %ain article& '(eration )olo Ope#at!on olo, the code name of the Hyderabad GPolice ActionGL5 L% was a military oeration in Setember +D in which the ndian Armed Forcesinvaded the State of Hyderabad and overthrew its >iBam, anne(ing the state into the ndian 7nion.
At the time of the Partition of ndia, the rincely states of ndia, who in rincile had self-government within their own territories, were sub:ect tosubsidiary alliances with the )ritish, giving them control of their e(ternal relations. n the ndian ndeendence Act +DC the )ritish abandoned all such alliances, leaving the states with the otion of oting for full indeendence. However, by +D almost all had acceded to either ndia or Pa!istan. $ne ma:or e(cetion was that of Hyderabad, where the >iBam, $sman Ali han, Asif #ah K, a Muslim ruler who resided over a largely Hindu oulation, chose indeendence and hoed to maintain this with an irregular army recruited from the Muslim aristocracy, !nown as the 0aBa!ars.LD;55D The >iBam was also beset by the Telengana urising, which he was unable to sub:ugate.LD;55D The ndian government, an(ious to avoid what it termed a)al!aniBation of what had been the ndian Imire, was determined on the integration of Hyderabad into the new ndian 7nion. LD;55% Amidst atrocities by the 0aBa!ars, the ndian Home Minister Sardar Pateldecided to anne( HyderabadL in what was termed a Golice actionG. The oeration itself too! 've days, in which the 0aBa!ars were defeated easily.L6 The oeration led to massive violence on communal lines. The ndian rime minister #awaharlal >ehru aointed a commission !nown as the Sunderlal /ommittee. ts reort, which was not released until 5&+%, concluded that Gas a conservative estimate...5C,&&& to D&,&&& eole had lost their lives during and after the olice action.G L6 $ther scholars have ut the 'gure at 5&&,&&&, or even higher.LC Military =overnorLedit
Ma:or =eneral Il Idroos 2at right3 oEers his surrender of the Hyderabad State Forces to Ma:or =eneral 2later =eneral and Army /hief3 #. >. /hauhuri at Secunderabad. After the Anne(ation into the ndian 7nion, Ma:or =eneral #. >. /haudhuri who led $eration Polo stayed on as Military =overnor till 8ecember +D. The state witnessed Mul!hi agitation in +5 by the locals after a government :obs meant for the locals were given to non-locals. 0a:ramu!hLedit Hyderabad State had its last >iBam, HIH Mir $sman Ali han 2b. +6 -d. +6C3 as0a:ramu!h from 56 #anuary +& to %+ $ctober +6. First Aointed /hief MinisterLedit After the Anne(ation of Hyderabad State into ndia, M. . Kellodi was aointed the /hief Minister of the state on 56 #anuary +&. He was a Senior /ivil servant in the =overnment of ndia. He administered the state with the hel of bureaucrats fromMadras state and )ombay state. The >iBam was given the ceremonial osition of G0a: Pramu!hG or G=overnorG. First Ilected /hief MinisterLedit n the 'rst State Assembly election in ndia, +5, 8r. )urgula 0ama!rishna 0ao was elected /hief minister of Hyderabad State. 8uring this time there were violent agitations by some Telanganites to send bac! bureaucrats from Madras state, and to strictly imlement "Mul!i-rules"24ocal :obs for locals only3, which was art of Hyderabad state law since ++.L
8istricts of Hyderabad StateLedit Administratively, Hyderabad State was made u of si(teen districts, groued into four divisions; •
•
•
•
Aurangabad 8ivision included Aurangabad, )eed, >anded, and Parbhani districts* =ulbarga 8ivision included )idar 8istrict, =ulbarga, $smanabad, and 0aichur 8istrict* =ulshanabad 8ivision or Meda! 8ivision included Atraf-i)aldah 2Hyderabad3, Mahbubnagar district, Meda! district,>algonda district 2>algundah3, and >iBamabad districts, and
Merger with Andhra StateLedit n +6 during the 0eorganisation of the ndian States based along linguistic lines, the Telugu-sea!ing region of the state of Hyderabad State was merged with Andhra State. The Marathi sea!ing region was merged with )ombay state and annada sea!ing region with Mysore State. The States 0eorganisation /ommission 2S0/3 was not in favour of an immediate merger of Telugu sea!ing Telanganaregion of Hyderabad state with Andhra state, desite their common language. Para %C of the S0/ reort said 'ne of the (rinci(al causes of o((osition of *ishalandhra also see"s to be the a((rehension felt b the educationall bac+ard (eo(le of Telan#ana that the "a be sa"(ed and e-(loited b the "ore adanced (eo(le of the coastal areas. Andhra state and Hyderabad State were merged to form Andhra Pradesh on + >ovember +6, after roviding safeguards to Telangana in the form of =entlemen"s agreement. )ut in #une 5&+D, Telangana reemerged as a searate state.Hyderabad /ity will continue to be the caital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for +& years. /hief Ministers of Hyderabad StateLedit •
Ma:or =eneral /houdhary - Military =overnor +D-+D
•
M. . Kellodi - +&-+% 2aointed by =overnment of ndia3
•
)urgula 0ama!rishna 0ao - +%-6 2elected3
*!"to#!cal p*oto o$ aaa#" !n %elan&ana, c!#ca 1948 The 0aBa!ars of the erstwhile >iBam"s state of Hyderabad were resonsible for the massacre, rae and forcible conversions of hundreds of thousands of Hindus in the 8eccan before the GPolice actionG liberated Hyderabad state and integrated it into the ndian 7nion.
Some of the 0aBa!ars 1ed to Pa!istan. Most of them shamelessly remained in ndia and were never brought to :ustice - yet another accomlishment of erverted >ehruvian secularism. They :ust regroued and rebranded themselves as the MM, the arty led by the bigoted, seditious, bloodthirsty and genocidal $waisis. t is these modern day 0aBa!ars who are being aeased, mollycoddled and encouraged by the government of Telangana - a state achieved due to the sacri'ces of thousands of activists, whose martyrdom is insulted and betrayed by their government"s shameful collaboration with #ihadi traitors. s this what /0"s daughter and 4o! Sabha M.P . avitha meant by her idiotic and seditious statement to the eEect that "Kashmir and Telangana were both annexed by India". Her seditious oison violates the memory of these Telangana martyrs who were massacred by the 0aBa!ars. This included a few Hyderabadi Muslims as well - atriots, who suorted accession to the ndian 7nion. $ne such rominent erson was the :ournalist S*oa!bulla* *an , whose hands the 0aBa!ars cut oE as unishment for writing in favour of ndia.
%elan&ana: a b#!e$ *!"to#y +5 First elections held in Hyderabad State. States 0eorganisation /ommission, +% +6 "#ai Telangana" movement for searate statehood to Telangana began. $ver %&& eole !illed in olice 'ring. +C )#P suorted demand for Telangana state* in + election, it romised "one vote two states". 5&&+ /handrashe!har 0ao formed the Telangana 0ashtra Samithi 2T0S3 to revive the Telangana movement. He ?uit the Membershi of AP 4egislative Assembly and the ost of 8euty Sea!er of AP 4egislature while 1oating the Party. 5&& T0S contested elections in alliance with T8P but its tally came down to two 4o! Sabha and +& assembly seats. Feb %, 5&+& /entre set u 've-member Sri!rishna /ommittee headed by 0etd. S/ :udge )> Sri!rishna to loo! into Telangana issue.
S0/ was a body constituted by the /entral =overnment of ndia in +% to recommend the reorganiBation of state boundaries. n +, after nearly 5 years of study, the /ommission recommended that ndia"s state boundaries should be reorganiBed to form +6 states and % union territories. 1956 >ov +; Telangana merged with Andhra State, which was carved out of Madras State, to form Andhra Pradesh, a united state for Telugusea!ing eole.
G#ai AndhraG movement began in /oastal Andhra for creation of a searate Andhra state following a Sureme /ourt order uholding GMul!iG rules 2which reortedly barred those from non-Telangana regions to comete for osts in Hyderabad3. 1972 1975 Presidential order issued to imlement Si( Point Formula, roviding some safeguards to Telangana. 2004 T0S fought elections in alliance with /ongress, wins 've 4o! Sabha and 56 assembly seats. They came to ower in AP on the bac! of a strong discontent against the /handrababu >aidu-led T8P government. The /ongress-led 7PA =overnment at the /entre included the Telangana issue in its /ommon Minimum Programme 2/MP3 in 5&&D. However, there was not much forward movement on the statehood issue in the ne(t few years. 2008 T8P 2Telugu 8esam Party3 announced suort for the Telangana demand. /hief minister 9 S 0a:ase!hara 0eddy died in a helicoter crash, triggering olitical uncertainty and subse?uently led to the resurrection of T0S and its Telangana agenda.
Se 5, 5&& /handrase!hara 0ao 2T0S President3 began fast-untodeath for formation of a searate Telangana state. Oct 2009 The /entre 2under the then 7nion Home Minister P. /hidambaram3 announced decision to initiate the rocess for formation of Telangana state. Dec 9, 2009 Following rotests in 0ayalaseema and Andhra regions 2Seemandhra3 and en mass resignations of MPs and state legislators, centre ut the rocess on hold citing need for consensus. Dec 23, 2009 Dec 2010 Sri!rishna committee submitted its reort, suggested si( otions; !eeing the State united was its referred otion.
t oined that the Telangana State was economically viable but referred maintaining the status ?uo !eeing in view the larger scheme of things. t gave a sulementary note in a sealed cover reortedly detailing the law and order imlications, including the ossible escalation of e(tremism.
S#!#!"*na .o!ttee, 2010 7PA coordination anel and /ongress
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$ct 5; /hief minister > iran umar 0eddy raised banner of revolt against /ongress leadershi. He wrote letters to resident and rime minister urging them to sto bifurcation rocess. 8ec ; 7nion cabinet aroved draft Andhra Pradesh 0eorganisation )ill 5&+% reared on the basis of recommendations by the =oM. )ill sent to President Pranab Mu!her:ee with a re?uest to ma!e a reference to Andhra Pradesh legislature to obtain its views under Article % of the /onstitution. Dec 9; The President gave time till #an 5% to the state legislature to give its views. Dec 23; Following rotests in 0ayalaseema and Andhra regions 2Seemandhra3 and en mass resignations of MPs and state legislators, centre ut the rocess on hold citing need for consensus. Dec, 2013 Jan 8, 2014: After disrutions for several days, debate 'nally began on the bill in assembly and council. Jan 21, 2014; State government sought four more wee!s to debate the bill. The President gave one wee!.
#an 5C, 5&+D; /hief minister iran umar 0eddy gave notice to assembly sea!er for a resolution to re:ect the bill. #an %&, 5&+D; Amid ruc!us, both houses of state legislature assed by a voice vote o@cial resolutions, re:ecting the bill and aealing to the President not to send the bill to arliament. #anuary 5&+D February 5&+D
Feb , 5&+D; /hief minister staged sit-in in 8elhi to oose bifurcation. Feb C, 5&+D; 7nion cabinet cleared the bill and re:ected Seemandhra leaders" demand to ma!e Hyderabad a union territory. )ill sent to the President for his aroval to table it in arliament. Feb ++, 5&+%; /ongress e(elled si( MPs from Seemandhra for moving no-con'dence motion against government. Feb +%, 5&+D; )ill introduced in 4o! Sabha amid clashes between MPs from Seemandhra and Telangana. 4 0a:agoal, a MP from Seemandhra, used eer sray in the house. Sea!er susended +6 MPs including 0a:agoal for rest of the session. Feb +, 5&+D; 4o! Sabha asses Telangana bill. #une 5, 5&+D; Aointed day for bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh. Telangana, the 5th state of the 7nion will come into e(istence. #une 5&+D G)oth regions will bene'tG M. odandaram, chairman, Telangana #oint Action /ommittee 2#A/3, is of the view that; The division of the State is in the best interests of Telangana and Andhra as both regions will bene't because of a shift in the focus of develoment. 0eal estate in and around Hyderabad constituted the sole develoment arameter of the leadershi in the integrated State, which destroyed livelihood oortunities of the eole. The bene'ts were cornered only by the roertied class in the rocess. After the division the focus would shift to the economic needs such as agriculture and the economic situation in both regions would imrove. Also, real estate in the coastal and 0ayalaseema districts would ic!
u. The movement for Telangana had activated the middle class, which otherwise rarely showed any concern for other sections of eole. GThreat to FederalismG Pra!ash arat; The linguistic basis is the main rincile on which the federal system oerates. Federal structure functions on homogeneous, well-de'ned States )rea!ing u of e(isting linguistic States U creation of smaller States leads to wea!ening of the federal structure. t will lead to the /entre dominating the States. The owers and rights of the States will get wea!ened further if the identity and role of linguistic States are wea!ened. Pra!ash arat, general secretary of the /ommunist Party of ndia 2Mar(ist3 is of the view that; The decision to form Telangana has been ta!en with electoral calculations for the 4o! Sabha olls, given the fact that the /ongress arty has lost ground in the State as a whole. The ).>. Sri!rishna /ommittee which was set u to loo! into the issue, had submitted its reort on Telangana in #anuary 5&++. Two and a half years assed before the /entral government too! a decision. Strategic timing of the decision Ichos in other states The /ongress leadershi and the /entral government were well aware of the demands for searate States and the agitation for them when they too! the decision on Telangana. After the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh, the demand for other states was bound to come u again.
For e(amle, Maharashtra where there is a demand for Kidharbha,
%. n the Kidarbha region, the creation of a searate State has been demanded, saying that it is the only way to liberate it from the debilitating gri of bac!wardnessQ. Farming is a ma:or source of emloyment in the region. $f around +& la!h hectares of arable land there, more than two la!h ha has no access to irrigation. $f the estimated two la!h suicides by farmers in Maharashtra, about C& er cent too! lace in Kidarbha. D. A clutch of organisations and individuals that have for long chamioned the cause of four States to be carved out of 7ttar Pradesh VHarit Pradesh, )undel!hand, Purvanchal and Awadh PradeshVhave revived their demands in the conte(t of the Telangana announcement. 8emand for other states; 8emand for other states; Telangana; The road ahead
Hyderabad to be made the common caital of the two States, Telangana and residuary Andhra Pradesh, for a eriod of +& years. t has been incororated in the )ill that Telangana State will have +C of the D5 4o! Sabha seats and ++ of the 5D Assembly constituencies until the ne(t delimitation ta!es lace. Ilaborate rearatory wor!s relating to ersonnel, 'nance and distribution of assets and liabilities remain to be done. Paerwor!; roblematic and time consuming; t too! % months for the =ovt. to create 7ttara!hand, #har!hand and /hhattisgarh in >ov 5&&&. Pro'le of Telangana .a##y ;n(!a
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Telengana is a newly constituted state in Southern region of ndia. A ma:or art of Telangana was art of rincely state of Hyderabad 2Meda! and iBams under )ritish rule till +DC and later until +D. n +6, Andhra Pradesh was merged with Telangana region after dissolution of Hyderabad state and Andhra Pradesh was formed. However, Telangana became the 5th state of ndia on #une 5, 5&+D. The caital of Telangana state is Hyderabad and it comrises of +& districts. Hyderabad will serve as the :oint caital of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for the ne(t +& years.
)ordering states include $disha and /hhattisgarh to the north, Maharashtra and arnata!a to the west and Andhra Pradesh towards the south and east. Ma:or cities of Telangana are Hyderabad, iBamabad and arimnagar.
History of Telangana The history of Telangana is rife with olitical movements which led to merger of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana region and much later the formation of a searate state of Telangana. After ndia )ecame indeendent in +DC, the >iBam of Hyderabad who was a Muslim ing desired Hyderabad State to remain indeendent under secial rovisions given to rincely states. $n Setember +C, +D, in an oeration led by ndian Army - that is, $eration Polo, the =overnment of ndia assimilated Hyderabad state. Hyderabad. n +5, there was a ">on-Mul!i Agitation" 2mul!i means locals3 agitating against the fact that most :obs were ta!en by eole from /oastal Andhra. They agitated shouting slogans li!e "dli Sambar go
bac!" and ">on-Mul!i go bac!" . n +%, States 0eorganiBation commission was formed for creation of states on linguistic lines. t was recommended to disintegrate Hyderabad state and merge Marathi sea!ing region with )ombay state and annada sea!ing region with Mysore state.4ater, in +6, an agreement was reached between Telangana leaders and leaders in Andhra Pradesh for merging both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh and romises for safe guarding Telangana"s interests - =entleman"s Agreement. 7ni'ed Andhra Pradesh was constituted on >ovember +, +6. Telangana agitation arose in +6 a battle between students and the =overnment. This is not the same as Telangana 0ebellion which was a easant revolt and too! lace in rincely state of Hyderabad sometime between +D6 and ++ and led by /ommunist Party of ndia. 2/P3.t was a revolt by farmers and labourers against the feudal landlords 2:agirdars and deshmu!hs3 and later against !ing of Hyderabad State. Many movements have ta!en lace for revo!ing merger of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. These include Telangana Movements in +6, +C5 and 5&&. Many stri!es and rotests mar! the demand for searate statehood. $n #uly %&, 5&+%, a unanimous resolution was assed by the /ongress
l"o ea(: History of Hyderabad | History of
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Though ndia got freedom on +th August, +DC, the eole of Telangana tasted real freedom from the rule of >iBam on +Cth Setember, +DW
=eograhy of Telangana State
Telangana is situated on the 8eccan Plateau and is drained by two ma:or rivers =odavari and rishna, though most of the land is arid.$ther minor rivers which drain Telangana include Manair, )hima, 8indi, innerasani, Man:eera, Munneru, Moosi, Penganga, Praanahita, Peddavagu and Talieru. >orthern Telangana receives around && to +&& mm while Southern Telangana receives somewhere between C&& to && mm rainfall. D of the forest area of Andhra Pradesh is located in 've districts of Telangana.The climate of Telangana state id hot and dry. March to MAy are hot months while #une to Setember are monsoon months. >ovember to february are winter months.
There is a considerable forest area around Hyderabad city. >ehru Xoological ar!, asu )rahmananda 0eddy >ational Par!, Man:ira ew =uinea"s >ew relandW $sman Sagar is a fresh water reservoir on river Musi and is also a source of drin!ing water for Hyderabad. D!( you no=+ Sacred groves are small areas of forest reserved by local eole.There are 6 sacred groves Telangana.
hammam receives more rainfall than other districts in Telangana. However, hammam is aEected by the 1oods of Munneru, the tributary of rishna 0iver. rishna, Musi 0iver, Aleru, Peddavagu, 8indi Halia 0iver and Paleru rivers 1ow through >algonda district.Minerals in the district include 4imestone, blac! and color =ranites. =odavari 0iver enters Telangana state from >iBamabad district at andha!urthi. l"o ea(: =eograhy of Hyderabad Y >atural 0esources of Hyderabad Y =eograhy of
%*e#e a#e t*#ee Nat!onal a#" !n %elan&ana • • •
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asu )rahmananda 0eddy >ational Par! in Hyderabad district Mahavir Harina Kanasthali >ational Par! in 0anga 0eddy district. Mrugavani >ational Par! in 0anga 0eddy district. )!l(l!$e Sanctua#!e" !n %elan&ana !nclu(e )a#an&al (!"t#!ct; Iturunagaram agar:unsagarSrisailam Tiger 0eserve. e(a an( N!aaba( (!"t#!ct": Pocharam
Minerals in Telangana Today, many rivate and multinational comanies are setting u industries in Telangana for taing the natural resources available in a sustainable way while also contributing to its economic growth. iBamabad district. >on-metallic minerals found in districts of Telangana include asbestos, amethyst, ?uartB and barytes. Amethyst occurs at 0amanaalli near Siddiet 2Meda! district3 and Abdul >agaram, Me!algattu and Peddaadu in
the resence of white marble. A number of such ?uarries are also found in and around Hyderabad city which suly with road metal.
5 Interesting Facts of Telangana that you should know •
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The demand for Telangana is as old as the state of Andhra The last time new states were created was in 5&&& which were #har!hand, 7ttara!hand and /hhattisgarh. P K >arasimha 0ao, ndia"s ninth rime minister, was a native of Telangana. $smania 7niversity was the focal oint of the Telangana movement Telangana is ndiaJs +5th largest by oulation with %.5 million eole, almost that of /anada.
Adilabad district 2Panchagoan, 0alaet and atterala villages3 has deosits of white clay which is used for ma!ing low grade ottery. /lay deosits near Hyderabad city are used for ma!ing orcelain-ware. Such deosits are found in areas near =olconda fort and south of the utubshahi tombs. algonda district has occurrence of clay in regions around /hintriyal while >iBamabad district has this natural resource in onasamudram. Iveryone !nows about /oal bearing =ondwana roc!s which occuy arts of the Adilabad, arimnagar, hammam, >iBambad and
8eosits of vein ?uartB occur near u!atalli, =hamsabad, Timmaur near Hyderabad city. =lass-grade vein ?uartB occurs in Tadealle in the hammam district, region around Shadnagar railway station in
Mahabubnagar district and at Andole and Palamet in Meda! district. =lass-grade ?uartB ?uarries can also be found in /himara:uenta in >iBamabad district. Telangana is, no doubt, rich in mineral resources.
8ams rovide drin!ing water, hydroelectric and rrigation facilities. 8ams and reservoirs located in Telangana are as follows -
Na&a#>una Sa&a# Da /-u!lt !n 1967: >agar:una Sagar 8am is a masonry dam on the rishna 0iver at >agar:una Sagar in the border of >algonda district of Telangana State and =untur 8istrict of Andhra Pradesh State. >agar:una Sagar dam is one of the earliest ones of ndia and sulies water for irrigation uroses and hydro ower generation to the state.
N!a Sa&a# Da /-u!lt !n 1923: >iBam Sagar is a reservoir constructed across the Man:ira 0iver 2tributary of
the =odavari 0iver3 between Achamet and )an:aalle villages of the >iBamabad district in Telangana.
aa&un(a Da: 0amagundam 8am is an irrigation ro:ect on the =odavari 0iver in arimnagar 8istrict in Telangana.
S!n&u# Da /-u!lt !n 1989: Singur 8am or Singoor is located near Sangareddy town of Meda! district in Telangana.
S#!#a Sa&a# /-u!lt !n 1977: Sriram Sagar 0eservoir on the =odavari 0iver between Adilabad and >iBamabad districts
?o=e# ana!# Da /-u!lt !n 1985: 8rin!ing water for arimangar,
Ju#ala #o>ect /-u!lt !n 1995: #urala 0eservoir on the rishna 0iver in Mahbubnagar district.
$ther dams in Telangana include 8indi 0eservoir, 8ummagudem, Illammalli, Himayath Sagar 2reservoir in Hyderabad3, cchamally Pro:ect 2on river =odavari3 and an interstate ro:ect of Telangana, Maharashtra, /hattisgarh - oil Sagar is a 8am in Mahbubnagar district on =odavari river. Iconomy of Telangana Agriculture is the main source of economy in Telangana. The rivers =odavari and rishna aid in irrigation. 4ocal cros include rice, cotton, mango and tobacco. Sun1ower and eanuts are also grown for roducing oil. Multi-state irrigation ro:ects include =odavari 0iver )asin rrigation Pro:ects and >agar:una Sagar 8am which is the world"s highest masonry dam. Hyderabad is the main source of revenue as there is lot of economic activity here. Hyderabad is !nown for T Par!s and T-enabled services 2TeS3. There are Secial Iconomic Xones 2SIXs3 in Telangana. Manufacturing units are based in Hyderabad, 0angareddy, Meda! and >algonda districts.
Mining, food rocessing, dairy and farming, oultry also aid in economy of Telangana state. Hyderabad is the torch-bearer for all other districts in Telangana with an international airort in lace, educational institutions, s!illed rofessionals, Metro-rail ro:ect, suitable weather, T Par!s and infrastructural growth. >irmal wooden toys and 8ho!ra casting crafts of Adilabad are famous all over the country. Hyderabad emerged as a harmaceutical and biotechnology hub and is !nown as G=enome Kalley of ndiaG. "Fab /ity" and the ">ano Technology ar!" signify infrastructural growth in the 'eld of )io-technology in Hyderabad. *aa (!"t#!ct is !nown for growing horticultural cros such as mango, cocoa, banana, coconut, oil alm, cashew, eer etc.
Iconomy of a#!na&a# deends more on agriculture and related industries such as rice mills, saw, oil, animal husbandry, seed and other rocessing mills. There are industries which manufacture tiles, stone dressing and crushing, aer, cement concrete ies etc. Silver 'ligree wor! is famous too. #ammi!unta is an imortant industrial city in arimnagar district. Adilabad district, hammam district, Meda! district, iBamabad district are receiving funds from -ac=a#( e&!on" <#ant Fun( #o&#ae /-
Since lime stone is readily available in >algonda district and also in the neighbouring =untur district, >algonda is a cement manufacturing centre in Telangana. There are large number of /ement industries in >algonda. Miryalaguda in >algonda district is famous for rice mills. There are many ban!s, few small scale industries and cement and fertiliBer industries in 0anga 0eddy district. Soc!ety $o# n(*#a #a(e"* Net=o# /SN% is resently running D television channels !nown as MA>A TK and one data channel. These channels rovide distance learning for school education, telemedicine, e-governance and rural develoment and agriculture.
Hyderabad is the ma:or source of economy for Telangana state. all other districts are steering forth in the direction of infrastructural and industrial develoment. l"o ea(: Iconomy of Hyderabad Y ndustries in Hyderabad Y Hyderabad as T Hub Y Iconomy of
/ulture of Telangana
4et us delve deeer and !now more about the cultural heritage, traditions and society in Telangana. Telangana has inherited its culture from the a!atiya dynasty"s rule 2++th to +Dth centuries3 and the Zutub Shahis and >iBams who were rulers of Hyderabad state. Karious ruling dynasties have delivered diEerent facets in the culture of this newly formed state - the temle art insired dance form Perini Sivatandavam, story-telling and roblem solving discussions through '##u athalu and 2otralu, 3aallis, ghaBals and "ushairas...
9ou can see a mi( of Telugu traditions and Persian traditions from the Moghuls and >iBams in the culture of the state.
%elan&ana .u!"!ne
iBams of Hyderabad. The aroma of sices, rice, herbs, coconut, eanuts, tamarind, sesame seeds and "dum" coo!ing can steal anyone"s heartW Famous dishes include lu!hmi, Hyderabadi biriyani, mirchi !a salan, Hyderabadi haleem, Hyderabadi Marag, >ahari, haleem, the mouthwatering !ebabs, esecially the dum !ebab, boti :hammi, shee!, shi!amur, )agara baingan, Shahi dahi veda, tomato ?oot, !almi and !ormas. Fe"t!val" o$ %elan&ana
Telengana celebrates all imortant occasions with much fanfare. )onalu festival is celebrated to ay obeisance to Mother =oddess Maha!ali. 0ice with mil! and sugar are oEered to the goddess, !et in brass vessel or earthen ot and then decorated with neem branches, vermillion and turmeric. Processions are ta!en out on the beat of drums and dances.n Secunderabad, =olconda Mahan!ali inside the =olconda Fort is worshied after which the rocession roceeds to Mahan!ali temle and )al!amet 9ellamma temle and other arts of the city. )onalu is celebrated in #uly-August.
-at*uaa is celebrated in SetemberR$ctober for nine days during 8urga >avratri. =oddess %aha =auri is worshied in the form of )athu!amma. )onalu and )athu!amma are "tate $e"t!val" of Telangana.
8iwali, Sadar festival or 8unnaothula anduga 2celebrated on the second day after 8iwali3, Sama!!a Saralamma Festival, =uru Purnima, I!adasi Mu!!oti, Shashti Subrahmanya, 7gadi, Sri 0ama >avami,
arthi!a Purnima, Kinaya!a /haviti, Hanuma::ayanti, 0atha Satami, Ma!ara San!ranti, 8usserah, /haviti >agula, rishnashtami and 0aa!hi Pournami are other festivals celebrated in Telangana. Faou" oet" $#o %elan&ana
Mallinatha Suri also !nown as "Kya!hyana /ha!ravarthi", )ammera Potana 2+D&-++&3, Somanna, Suravaram Pratha 0eddy, 8asharadhi, Katti!ota Alwaru Swami 2who led the 4ibrary movement3, Padmavibhushan award reciient alo:i. F!ve %*!n&" @ou u"t no= about %elan&ana • •
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The demand for Telangana is as old as the state of Andhra The last time new states were created was in 5&&&; The states created were #har!hand, 7ttara!hand and /hhattisgarh. P K >arasimha 0ao, ndia"s ninth rime minister, was a native of Telangana. $smania 7niversity was the eicenter of the Telangana movement Telangana itself is big enough be considered as the %%rd biggest country of the world. #t an( .#a$t o$ %elan&ana
From ma!ing toys, brassware, stone and metal craft, aintings 2using natural colours3, sarees to hand loom, craftsmen in Telangana are adet at their wor!. Traditional cloth designing and dying, )an:ara needle crafts, ondaalli Toys, Keena manufacturing, )ronBe castings, !at irmal aintings, sarees with bidri wor!, ala"+ari wor!, oni 2half saree3 and weaves of *en+ata#iri,)ocha"(alli and 2adal are mesmeriBingW Dance an( u"!c !n %elan&ana
/lassical dance form Kuchiudi , !erini 2warrior dance form3 are famous here. .a#nat!c u"!cis li!ed by the entire oulation and children start learning when they are very young. Dance $o#" such
as olattam, )urra!atha, 8au, 4ambada, Keeranatyam, )hama!alam, 8himsa, Taeta =ullu, )onalu and )utta )ommalu are famous here.
.ultu#al Fe"t!val" include 8eccan Festival and Kisa!ha Festival. Tiruati Festival, 7gadi Festival, Pongal and 4umbini Festival are also much loved festivals here. 9ella Ken!atesara 0ao is a renouned Mridangam layer 2instrumental music3.
a!atiya Toranam, /harminar Telugu and 7rdu #aya #aya He Telangana #anani #aya!ethanam Sotted deer Pala Pitta Tanged Puvvu #ammi tree
%elan&ana 2 !Ot^l_n`n_O3 is a land loc!ed state in southern ndia. t has an area of ++D,D& !m5 and is the twelfth largest state in ndia. Most of it was art of the rincely state of Hyderabad 2 Meda! and iBam of Hyderabad during the )ritish 0a:, :oining the 7nion of ndia in +D. n +6, the Hyderabad state was dissolved as art of the linguistic reorganisation of states, and the Telugu sea!ing art of Hyderabad state, !nown as Telangana, was merged with former Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh. $n 5 #une 5&+D, Telangana was formed as a new 5th state of ndia, with the city of Hyderabad as its caital. L% Hyderabad will continue to serve as the :oint caital city for Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for a eriod of not more than ten years.
Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra, /hhattisgarh to the north, arnata!a to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south, east and north east.t shares small border with $rissa too. LD Telangana has an area of ++D,D& s?uare !ilometres 2DD,%D& s? mi3, and a oulation of %,56,CC 25&++ census3. L ts ma:or cities include Hyderabad, iBamabad, arimnagar, 0amagundam a nd hammam.
Hyderabad state in +& .ontent" L hide •
+ Itymology
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5 History o
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5.5 a!atiya 8ynasty
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5.% Zutb Shahi and Asaf #ahi"s
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5.D Post-indeendence
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5. Telangana 0ebellion % States 0eorganisation /ommission
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%.+ Telangana movement
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%.5 Formation of Telangana state in 5&+D D =eograhy
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D.5.+ >ational Par!s and Sanctuaries
=overnment and olitics
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C.+ Agriculture
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C.5 ndustries
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C.% Tourism nfrastructure
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+ I(ternal lin!s
ItymologyLedit The name Telangana is thought to have been derived from the wordTrilin#a, as in the Trilin#a esa, which translates to Gthe country of the three lingasG. According to a Hindu legend, Shiva descended in the lingam form on three mountains, aleshwaram, Srisailam and 8ra!sharama, which mar!ed the boundaries of the Trilin#adesa, later L6LC called Telin#a, Telun#a or Telu#u. The word GTelingaG changed over time to GTelanganaG and the name GTelanganaG was designated to distinguish the redominantly Telugusea!ing region of the erstwhile Hyderabad State from its redominantly Marathi-sea!ing one, Marathwada.L $ne of the earliest uses of a word similar to Telangana can also be seen in a name of Mali! Ma?bul 2+Dth century /.I.3, who was called the Tilan#ani, which imlies that he was from Tilangana. He was the commander of the
The Satavahana dynasty had its roots in oti 4ingala on the ban!s of the=odavari 0iver, in resent-dayarimnagar district The Satavahana dynasty 25%& )/I to 55& /I3 became the dominant ower in the area. t originated from the lands between the =odavari
and rishna rivers.L+& After the decline of the Satavahanas, various dynasties, such as the Ka!ata!a,Kishnu!undina, /halu!ya, 0ashtra!uta and
aa&!#! $o#t ruins at alvacherlain arimnagar district is an ancient fort initially built by the Sathavahanas and modi'ed many times by other dynasties till +6th century
ota &ullu,temle ruins built in the +5th century by a!atiyas at =hanur, Mulug in warangal district
A +Dth century fort ruins at0acha!onda in >algonda district The Telangana area e(erienced its golden age during the reign of the a!atiya dynasty , which ruled most arts of the resent day Andhra Pradesh and Telangana from +&% to +%5% /I. L++ 0udrama
8evi and Prataarudra were rominent rulers from the a!atiya dynasty. The dynasty wea!ened with the attac! of Mali! afur in +%& and was dissolved after the defeat of Prataarudra by the forces of Muhammad bin Tughlu? in +%5%. L+5L+% Prior to a!atiyas coming to rule, the region comrising the current Adilabad or Idlabad 2Idla from =ondi word for eole in the highland woods3, arimnagar 2Ilgandal or Ilgondal from =ond3, iBamabad districts were originally inhabitted by the =onds and annadas. $f the annada !ingdoms,
/harminar in Hyderabad The area came under the rule of the 8elhi Sultanate in the +Dth century, followed by the )ahmani Sultanate. Zuli Zutb Mul!, a governor of =ol!onda, revolted against the )ahmani Sultanate and established the Zutb Shahi dynasty in ++. $n 5+ Setember +6C, the =ol!onda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal emeror AurangBeb after a year-long siege of the =ol!onda fort. L+D n +C+5, Zamar-ud-din han was aointed by emeror Farru!hsiyar as the viceroy of 8eccan with the title 7ia"ul%ul+ 2meaning GAdministrator of the 0ealmG3. He was later recalled to 8elhi, with MubariB han aointed as the viceroy. n +C5D, Zamar-ud-din han defeated MubariB han to reclaim the eccan suba,establishing it as an autonomous rovince of the Mughal emire. He too! the name :sif ;ah, starting what came to be !nown as the Asif #ahi dynasty.L++ He named the area Hyderabad 8eccan. Subse?uent rulers retained the title 7ia" ul%ul+ and were called Asif #ahi niBams or niBams of Hyderabad. The Meda! and asir-ud-dawlah, Asaf #ah K signed the S ubsidiary Alliance with the )ritish in +C and lost its control over the state"s defence and foreign aEairs. Hyderabad State became a rincely state among the residencies and rovinces of )ritish ndia .L+
Telangana was the seat of numerous dynasties. /howmahalla Palace was home to the niBams of Hyderabad. o"t!n(epen(enceLedit
The revolt began in the >algonda district against the feudal lords of 0eddy and Kelama castes. t ?uic!ly sread to the
Hyderabad State 2in yellowish-green3 n 8ecember +%, the States 0eorganisation /ommission 2S0/3 was aointed to form states on a linguistic basis. L5+ An agreement was reached between Telangana leaders and Andhra leaders on 5& February +6 to merge Telangana and Andhra with romises to safeguard Telangana"s interests.L55 After reorganisation in +6, the region of Telangana was merged with Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh. Following this =entlemen"s agreement, the central government established the uni'ed state of Andhra Pradesh on + >ovember +6. L5%L5DL5 =.$ % of + from the united Andra Pradesh state moved two revenue divisions of )hadrachalamand Aswaraoeta from Iast =odavari to hammam for administrative convenience. %elan&ana oveent Ledit %ain article& Telan#ana "oe"ent
There have been several movements to revo!e the merger of Telangana and Andhra, ma:or ones occurring in +6, +C5, and 5&&. The movement for a new state of Telangana gained momentum over the decades.L56 $n 8ecember 5&& the =overnment of ndia announced the rocess of formation of the Telangana state. Kiolent rotests led by eole in the /oastal Andhra and 0ayalseema regions occurred immediately after the announcement, and the decision was ut on hold on 5% 8ecember 5&&. n 5&&, the boo! GMy Telugu 0ootsG was ublished by local author >alamotu /ha!ravarthy, arguing strongly against the formation of a searate Telangana State, calling it Ghistorically illegitimate, morally rerehensible, culturally ruinous, economically disastrous, and strategically suicidalG. L5C
The movement continued in Hyderabad and other districts of Telangana.L5 There have been hundreds of claimed suicides, L5 stri!es, rotests and disturbances to ublic life demanding searate statehood. Fo#at!on o$ %elan&ana "tate !n 2014 Ledit See also& :ndhra )radesh /eor#anisation :ct, =>14
Telangana 2in white3 and Andhra Pradesh 2in yellow3 after bifurcation $n %& #uly 5&+%, the /ongress
Andhra Pradesh and Telangana Too Ma Telangana is situated on the 8eccan Plateau, in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard of the ndian Peninsula. t covers ++D,D& s?uare !ilometres 2DD,%D& s? mi3. The region is drained by two ma:or rivers, with about C of the=odavari 0iver catchment area and about 6 of the rishna 0iver catchment area, but most of the land is arid. LD Telangana is also drained by several minor rivers such as the )hima, the Man:ira and the Musi. The annual rainfall is between && to +&& mm in northern Telangana and C&& to && mm in southern Telangana, from the southwest monsoons. Karious soil tyes abound, including chal!as, red sandy soils, dubbas, dee red loamy soils, and very dee b.c. Lclari?cation needed soils that facilitate lanting mangoes, oranges and 1owers. L% About D of the forest area of revious Andhra Pradesh state is located in 've districts of Telangana. .l!ateLedit
Telangana is a semi-arid area and has a redominantly hot and dry climate. Summers start in March, and ea! in May with average high temeratures in the D5 [/ 2+& [F3 range. The monsoon arrives in #une and lasts until Setember with about C mm 25.C inches3 of reciitation. A dry, mild winter starts in late >ovember and lasts until early February with little humidity and average temeratures in the 55R 5% [/ 2C5RC% [F3 range. colo&yLedit
The /entral 8eccan Plateau dry deciduous forests ecoregion covers much of the state, including Hyderabad. The characteristic vegetation is woodlands of Hardic+ia binata and :lbiia a"ara. $ver & of the original forest cover has been cleared for agriculture, timber harvesting, or cattle graBing, but large bloc!s of forest can be found in >agar:unsagar-Srisailam Tiger 0eserve and elsewhere. L%6 The more
humid Iastern Highlands moist deciduous forests cover the Iastern =hats in the eastern art of the state. Nat!onal a#" an( Sanctua#!e" Ledit
Telangana has three >ational Par!s; asu )rahmananda 0eddy >ational Par! in Hyderabad district, and Mahavir Harina Kanasthali >ational Par! and Mrugavani >ational Par! in 0anga 0eddy district. agar:unsagar-Srisailam Tiger 0eserve in >algonda and Mahbubnagar districts, Pocharam iBamabad districts, Shivaram
ndian Peafowl 2)ao cristatus3 near Hyderabad
Kiew of )olders at eesaragutta Sacred groves are small areas of forest reserved by local eole. Sacred groves rovide sanctuary to the local 1ora and fauna. Some are included within other rotected areas, li!e adalivanam in >agar:unsagar-Srisailam Tiger 0eserve, but most stand alone. There are 6 sacred groves Telangana R two in Adilabad district, thirteen in Hyderabad district, four in arimnagar district, four in hammam district, nine in Mahbubnagar district, four in Meda! district, nine in
>algonda district, ten in0anga 0eddy district, and three in 14$
Telangana is governed through a arliamentary system of reresentative democracy, a feature the state shares with other ndian states. 7niversal suErage is granted to residents. There are three branches of government. +. I(ecutive authority is vested in the /ouncil of Ministers headed by the /hief Minister, although the titular head of government is the =overnor. The =overnor is the head of state aointed by the President of ndia. The leader of the arty or coalition with a ma:ority in the 4egislative Assembly is aointed as the /hief Minister by the =overnor, and the /ouncil of Ministers are aointed by the =overnor on the advice of the /hief Minister. The /ouncil of Ministers reorts to the 4egislative Assembly. 5. The legislature, the Telangana 4egislative Assembly and the Telangana 4egislative /ouncil, consists of elected members and secial o@ce bearers such as the Sea!er and 8euty Sea!er, that are elected by the members. Assembly meetings are resided over by the Sea!er or the 8euty Sea!er in the Sea!er"s absence. The Assembly is bicameral with ++ Members of the 4egislative Assembly and D& Member of the 4egislative /ouncil. Terms of o@ce run for years, unless the Assembly is dissolved rior to the comletion of the term. The 4egislative /ouncil is a ermanent body with one-third members retiring every two years. %. The :udiciary is comosed of the High /ourt of #udicature at Hyderabad and a system of lower courts.
Au(iliary authorities !nown as (anchaats, for which local body elections are regularly held, govern local aEairs. The state contributes seats to 4o! Sabha. The main layers in the regional olitics are the Telangana 0ashtra Samithi, Telugu 8esam Party and ndian >ational /ongress. Following the Telangana 4egislative Assembly Ilection in 5&+D, the Telangana 0ashtra Samithi underalva!untla /handrashe!ar 0ao was elected to ower. 8emograhicsLedit See also& @ist of cities in Telan#ana b (o(ulation and @ist of districts in Telan#ana el!&!on !n %elan&ana
0eligion Hinduism slam /hristianit y $thers
Perce nt 6 +5.D +.D &.D
According to the )ac!ward 0egions =rant Fund Programme 5&&R+&, +% bac!ward districts are located in Andhra Pradesh; nine 2all e(cet Hyderabad3 are from Telangana and the rest are from other regions. L% The religious ma!eu of Telangana is 6 Hindu, +5.D Muslim, and +.D /hristian, and &.D others. L%LD& About CC of the oulation of Telangana sea! Telugu, +5 sea! 7rdu, and +% sea! other languages. LD+LD5 )efore +D, 7rdu was the o@cial language of Hyderabad State, and due to a lac! of Telugu-language educational institutions, 7rdu was the language of the educated elite of Telangana. After +D, once Hyderabad State :oined the new 0eublic of ndia, Telugu became the language of government, and as Telugu was introduced as the medium of instruction in schools and colleges, the use of 7rdu among non-Muslims decreased. LD% According to the 5&++ census, Telangana"s literacy rate is 6C.55. LDD Male literacy and female literacy are C.6 and .CC resectively. Hyderabad district leading with &.6 LD and Mahboobnagar district at the bottom with 6.&6. IconomyLedit
/oal Handling 0oeway nearAswauram, hammam district %ain article& 0cono" of Telan#ana The conoy o$ %elan&ana is mainly driven by agriculture. Two imortant rivers of ndia, the =odavari and rishna, 1ow through the state, roviding irrigation. Farmers in Telangana mainly deend on rainfed water sources for irrigation. 0ice is the ma:or food cro. other imortant cros are cotton, sugar cane, mango and tobacco are the local cros. 0ecently, cros used for vegetable oil roduction such as sun1ower and eanuts have gained favour. There are many multistate irrigation ro:ects in develoment, including =odavari 0iver )asin rrigation Pro:ects and >agar:una Sagar 8am, the world"s highest masonry dam.LD6LDC The state has also started to focus on the 'elds of information technology andbiotechnology. Telangana is one of to T e(orting states of ndia. There are 6 Secial Iconomic Xones in the state. LD Telangana is a mineral-rich state, with coal reserves at Singareni /olleries.LD &#!cultu#eLedit
Paddy 'elds in
rivers as Tunga )hadra, )ima, 8indi, innerasani, Man:eera, Manair, Penganga, Pranahitha, eddavagu and Talieru.There are many multistate irrigation ro:ects in develoment, including =odavari 0iver )asin rrigation Pro:ectsand >agar:una Sagar 8am, the world"s highest masonry dam.L+ Agri I(ort Xones for the following roduce are roosed at the laces mentioned against them; •
