Implementasi Konsep “Green “Green Building” Building ” pada Rumah Sakit WORKSHOP GREEN HOSPITAL HOSPITAL IN RUMAH SAKIT KANKER DHARMAIS ACTION PLAN
Jakarta, 11 november 2009 Ikatan arsitek indonesa (iai jawa barat)
Woerjantari Soedarsono & Tuty Zardania
GREEN HOSPITAL HOSPITAL = ECO FRIENDL FRIEN DLY Y HOSPIT HO SPITAL AL
Renewable energy
Sustainable materials
Ecological value
Health and wellness
Sustainable transport
Passive strategies
Whole life cost
Prinsip Dasar Rumah Sakit Hijau 1) Protecting the immediate health of building occupants The health of patients, staff, and visitors can be profoundly affected by the quality of the indoor air which in turn is dependent de pendent upon physical and mechanical design (such as ventilation and location of wastes and toxics), the choice of building materials, the management man agement of construction emissions, and building operations and maintenance. Additionally, access to daylighting has been found to favorably affect staff productivity and patient outcomes.
2) Protecting the health of the surrounding community Local air and water quality is also significantly affected by building design choices. Off-gassing building materials and finishes, construction equipment e quipment and HVAC systems systems directly emit VOCs, particulates and other materials that can result in the formation of ground level ozone (smog), and cause allergic attacks, respiratory problems and other illnesses. Land use u se and transportation planning, landscape and water management on the grounds and water conservation efforts within the building will influence the amount of toxic emissions released to the water and air throughout the life of the building.
3) Protecting the health of the global community comm unity and natural resources The health impact of a building stretches far beyond its immediate community. community. The production of building materials can result in the release of persistent bioaccumulative toxic compounds, carcinogens, endocrine disruptors and other toxic substances. These compounds threaten communities where the materials are manufactured, and, b ecause of the long life of some of these compounds, can risk the health of communities and ecosystems far from their release.
Rumah Sakit Hijau •
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planning, design, construction, operations and maintenance designers, owners, and operators U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) Green Building Rating System – –
LEED® for Existing Buildings Green Healthcare Construction Guidance Statement
LEED® for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance September 2008 • • • • • •
Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Energy & Atmosphere Materials & Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation In Operations
Sustainable Sites
LEED Certified Design and Construction Building Exterior and Hardscape Hardscape Management Plan Integrated Pest Management, Erosion Control, and Landscape Management Plan Alternative Commuting Transportation Reduced Site Disturbance: Protect or Restore Open Space Storm water Management Heat Island Reduction: Non roof Heat Island Reduction: Roof Light Pollution Reduction
LEED for Existing Buildings
Project Totals 85 possible base points plus 7 for IO •
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Certified 34 –42 points Silver 43 –50 points Gold 51 –67 points Platinum 68 –92 points
The BCA Green Mark Scheme was launched by the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) in January 2005 to promote environmental awareness awareness in the t he construction and real estate sectors.
Benefits of BCA Green Mark BCA Green Mark provides a meaningful differentiation differentiation of buildings. The benefits of having a BCA Green Mark building include: - A reduction reduction in wate waterr and energy energy bills; bills; - An improv improvement ement in indoor indoor environmental environmental quality for healthy living; and - A reduction reduction in potential potential negativ negative e impact on the environment. environment.
Green Mark Criteria and Scoring System The Green Mark assesses five key environmental areas: - Energy Energy Efficiency fficiency - Water Efficiency fficiency - Environ Environment mental al Protecti Protection on - Indoor Indoor Environm Environmenta entall Quality Quality - Other Green Green Featur Features es Green Mark Rating
Green Mark Points
Green Mark Platinum
90 and above above
Green Mark Gold Plus
85 to <90 <90
Green Mark Gold
75 to <85
Green Mark
Features of a Green Mark building
GGHC GreenGuide for for Health Health Care •
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Green Healthcare Construction Guidance Statement American Society for Healthcare Engineering (ASHE) - January 2002 , versi versi terbaru terbaru jan 2007 Version 2.2 January 2007 Best Practices for Creating High Performance Healing Environments
GGHC • •
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Energy and water waste Use of dangerous materials and chemicals in healthcare facilities Environmentally unfriendly building standards (carbo neutrality) The perception that sustainable strategies cost more Concern over meeting the costs of the proposed limit on carbon emissions The risks and challenges posed by climate change on healthcare facilities
Panduan tiap tahap GGHC • • •
Integrated Design Construction – 97 point Operations – 72 point
Construction 97point •
Integrated Design
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Sustainable Sites (21 point)
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Water Efficiency (6 point)
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Energy & Atmosphere (21 point)
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Material & Resources (21 point)
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Environmental Environmental Quality (24 point)
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Innovation & Design Process (4 point)
Operations (72 point) • • • • • • • • •
Integrated Operations (5 point) Transportation Operations (3 point) Energy Efficiency (18 point) Water Conservation (8 point) Chemical Management (5 point) Waste Management ( 6 point) Environmental Services ( 9 point) Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (11 point) Innovation in Operation (7 point)
Integrated Operations (5 point)
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Building Operations & Maintenance: Staff Education Building Systems Maintenance Building Systems Monitoring IAQ Management: Maintaining Indoor Air Quality Reduce Particulates in Air Distribution
Energy Efficiency (18 point) •
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Optimize Energy Performance On-Site & Off-Site Renewable Energy Energy Efficient Equipment Refrigerant Selection Performance Measurement: Emission Reduction Reporting
Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (11 point)
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Food: Organic or Sustainable Food: Antibiotics Food: Local Production / Food Security Janitorial Paper & Other Disposable Products Electronics Purchasing & End of Life Management Toxic Reduction: Mercury Furniture & Medical Furnishings
Dasar Pemilihan sebuah material Penampilan visual Harga
Performance Ketersediaan
Dampak pada lingkungan?
Pemilihan Material dan energi yang terkandung (Embodied Energy) Menjelaskan kaitan antara material bangunan, proses konstruksi dan dampaknya pada lingkungan Perhitungan energi dalam setiap pemilihan material berkaitan dengan: •
Ekstraksi bahan mentah
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transportasi ke tempat pemrosesan/pabrik
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energi yang digunakan di pabrik
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transportasi ke lokasi proyek
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energi yang digunakan di da;am tapak untuk memasang material
Energi terkandung (embodied energy) adalah seluruh energi yang digunakan dalam produksi dan distribusi. Saat ini energi terkandung dalam material menyumbangkan 15-20 % energi yang digunakan oleh bangunan dalam 50 tahun umur bangunan. Prinsipnya semakin rendah energi terkandung dalam material makin baik secara ingkungan
GREEN MATERIALS
Avoid ozone-depleting chemicals Avoid foam insulation made with HCFCs. Consider cellulose. Use locally produced building materials. Transportation is costly in both energy use and pollution generation. Look for locally produced materials such as stone.
Use salvaged building products or products made from recycled material such as cellulose insulation, Seek responsible wood supplies. Use lumber from independently certified wellmanaged forests Avoid materials materials that will off gas pollutants: Solvent-based finishes, adhesives, carpeting, particleboard, and many other building products release formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air .
Energi terkandung berulang, dalam bangunan merepresentasikan energi yang tidak terbarukan yang digunakan untuk merawat, merawat, memperbaiki, menyimpan, menggantikan material, komponen dan sistem selama bangunan berdiri.
Penambangan, pengangkutan, pemrosesan, pengolahan, distribusi, konstruksi
Energi operasional minimal 50 tahun umur bangunan
Bila bangunan semakin efisien secara energi, perbandingan energi yang terkandung terhadap konsumsi sepanjang hidup bangunan menjadi meningkat. Jadi untuk bangunan yang mengklaim “zero-energy” energy ”, energi yang digunakan dalam konstruksi konstruksi menjadi sangat signifikan.
Persoalan penerapan green hospital di Indonesia Keengganan pemilik danpengelola rumah sakit untuk menerapkan menerapkan karena persepsi bahwa green design tidak ada korelasinya dengan revenue dan hanya menjadi beban komponen initial cost yang tinggi Kurangnya motivasi arsitek untuk menerapkan karena dihadapkan pada kendala waktu, biaya dan sikap Kurang lengkapnya informasi yang memadai tentang green hospital dari pihak yang berwenang termasuk dari produsen Belum berjalannya lembaga yang bertanggung jawab dalam perumusan perumusa n kebijakan, peraturan dan penyusunan indikator-indikator indikator-indikator keberhasilan keberhasilan sebuah green building
healing garden
REDUCE
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PENGGUNAAN ENERSI YG TIDAK TERGANTIKAN PENGGUNAAN PENGGUN AAN MATERIAL MATERIAL YG TIDAK RAMAH LINGKUNGAN PEMBUANGAN LIMBAH YANG MENCEMARI LINGKUNGAN PENGGUNAAN MATERIAL YANG TIDAK TERGANTIKAN/ MELALUI EKSPLOITASI
REUSE & RECYCLING •
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ENERSI PANAS YG KELUAR DARI GENSET, GENSET, BOILER BOILE R AIR BUANGAN MANDI DAN CUCI DARI KAMAR MANDI AIR CURAHAN CUR AHAN HUJAN DARI ATAP ATAP DAN LIMPAHAN DRAINASE HALAMAN LUAR KERTAS KERTAS BEKAS BE KAS FOTOCOPY
REDUCE KONSUMSI LISTRIK - pemanf pemanfaat aatan an caha cahaya ya alami alami - mengguna menggunaka kan n switch switch timer timer - mengguna menggunaka kan n jenis jenis lamp lampu u hemat hemat enersi - mengguna menggunaka kan n AC automa automatic tic contr control ol - membua membuatt ventil ventilasi asi alami alami berfu berfungsi ngsi pada ruang tertentu dan saat tertentu KONSUMSI AIR BERSIH - mengguna menggunaka kan n kra kran n otoma otomatis tis - mengguna menggunaka kan n air beka bekass untuk untuk flushin flushing g dan siram taman, cuci mobil
REDUCE PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN - mengur mengurangi angi pengg pengguna unaan an mate materia riall polutant - menguba mengubah h perila perilaku ku manus manusia ia terhad terhadap ap lingkungan - mengusahak mengusahakan an Ruang Ruang Terbuka erbuka Hijau Hijau - memper memperban banyak yak tanam tanam pohon pohon - membua membuatt sumur sumur resa resapan pan,, biopori biopori,, kolam penampungan air hujan EKSPLOITASI SUMBER ALAM - menghem menghemat at pengg penggunaa unaan n kert kertas as dengan menggunakan teknologi informasi - menghem menghemat at penggun penggunaan aan bahan bahan bakar bakar
AIR BUANGAN CUCI DAN MANDI + AIR HUJAN DARI TALANG ATAP digunakan untuk flushing toilet digunakan untuk siram taman cuci mobil sebagai cadangan air pompa kebakaran
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REUSE & RECYCLING
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EENERSI PANAS YANG KELUAR DARI GENSET/TRAFO/BOILER dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber enersi lain •
KKERTAS KKERTAS BEKAS FOTO FOTO COPY digunakan kembali pada sisi belakangnya belakangnya digunakan untuk keperluan lainnya •
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LABORATORIUM PEMANTAU LINGKUNGAN Pengolahan limbah cair, padat, gas (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
HEMAT PENGGUNAAN KERTAS
Penerapan Teknologi Informasi : HIS (hospital information system), CIS (clinical information system)
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MENGUBAH PERILAKU MANUSIA TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN •
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Stop penggunaan bahan mengandung mercury dan PVC Tidak menggunakan incenerator yg menghasilkan racun/polusi udara Hemat penggunaan enersi (lampu, AC) Hemat penggunaan air dan kertas Memilah sampah di tempat pembuangan
ACTION PLAN 1.
MELAKUKAN SURVEY UNTUK PENDAT PENDATAAN KONDISI EKSISTING MELIPUTI ; * seluruh instalasi mekanikal elektrikal * seluruh peralatan peralatan medis dan kantor * seluruh jenis material finishing gedung
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MELAKUKAN PENGK GKAJ AJIIAN TERHADAP KONDISI EKSISTING, MENENTUKAN BAGIAN APA YG PERLU DIPERBAIKI/ DIGANTI DENGAN MATERIAL/SISTEM YANG RAMAH LINGKUNGAN : * pertimbangan biaya * pertimbangan waktu dan pentahapan
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MEMBUAT MEMBUAT RENCANA RENCAN A DET DE TAIL UNTUK PERUBAHAN SISTIM UTILITAS UTILITAS YANG RAMAH RA MAH LINGKUNGAN (AIR CONDITIONING, WATER RECYCLING, WATER & ENERGY SAVING)
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MEMBU EMBUA AT REN RENCA CANA NA DETAI ETAILL UNTUK MERUBAH JENIS MATERIALNON TOXIC (flooring, painting, wall covering, roofing, insulation etc)
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MELAKUKAN ‘PUBLIC CAMPAIGN’ DI LINGKUNGAN RUMAH SAKIT UNTUK MERUBAH PERILAKU MANUSIA (karyawan, (karyawan, pasien dan keluarga pasien)
ACTION PLAN
hanya satu bumi
