CH 1- CLIMATE OF INDIA FACTORS :
HIMALAYAS SEAS WINDS LATITUDNAL POSITION ALTITUDE JET STREAMS RELIEF FEATURES – W. GHATS
FEATURES OF INDIAN CLIMATE :
TROPICAL MONSOON CLIMATE DIVERSITY IN CCIMATIC CONDITIONS MONSOON MECHANISM FOUR DISTINCT SEASONS BAY CYCLONES OR TROPICAL DEPRESSIONS IN LATE MONSOON WINTER RAINFALL DUE TO W. DISTURBANCES
FEATURES OF MONSOON :
UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED ERRATIC UNCERTAIN UNRELIABLE LOW RAINFALL : JAMMU, RAJASTHAN
PLACES OF
MODERATE RAINFALL : CHATTISGARH, CHATTISGARH, TAMIL TAMIL NADU HIGH RAINFALL R AINFALL : KERALA KERALA,, MEGHALAY MEG HALAYA, A, N. EAST, EA ST, W. W.
GHATS
MARCH TO MAY – HOT AND DRY SUMMER
Low !"##$!" H%&' ("). %* *o!('"!* +!(# +w+ !o) #"+ R%"!#, w"//# 0! $
D$#( #(o!)# – P$*1+2, H+!+*+, U.P. – /oo To!!"*(%+/ !+%*+// 0$" (o '%&' #""0 w%*0 %* w. B"*&+/ 3 A##+) –
4+/2+%#+4'% H%&' #""0 'o( w%*0#
JUNE TO SEPTEMBER – RAINY MONSOON
Low !"##$!" +((!+5(%*& )o*#oo* /+0"* w%*0 !o) #$!!o$*0%*& #"+ U*""* !+%*+// B+ o B"*&+/ 2!+*5' : A##+), M"&'+/++, N+&+/+*0, U.P., W. B"*&+/ A!+2%+* #"+ 2!+*5' : M+'+!+#'(!+, K"!+/+, K+!*+(+4+, O!%##+
OCTOBER TO NOVEMBER – RETREATING MONSOON
H%&' !"##$!" D! !"(!"+(%*& w%*0# C/"+! #4%"# +*0 0! +()o#'"!" O5(o2"! '"+( Low '$)%0%( O!"##%" w"+('"! T+)%/ N+0$ A*0'!+ P!+0"#' – '%&'"#( !+%*+// 0$" (o 55/o*"# o!%&%*+(%*& %* B+ o B"*&+/
DECEMBER TO FEBRUARY – COLD AND DRY WINTER
Low (") %* *o!(' ('"* #o$(' C/"+! #4%"# Coo/ w"+('"! , /%&'( 2!""6" H%&' !"##$!" No !+%*# %* S. W. 0%#($!2+*5"# 5+$#" !+%*+// %* P$*1+2 +*0 H+!+*+, &oo0 o! w'"+( +*0 2+!/" S*ow+// %* H%)+/++#
CH – 2 soils in india
So%/ – ('%* #$!+5" /+"! o "+!(', 5o)!%#%*& )%*"!+/ +!(%5/"# o!)"0 2 w"+('"!%*& o !o54# E7 #%($ #o%/ – (!+*#o!("0 – +//$%+/ #o%/ I* #%($ #o%/ – o$*0 w'"!" o!)"0 – /+("!%(", !"0, 2/+548!"&$! #o%/ ALLUVIAL SOIL
T!+*#o!("0 2 !%"!# +# #%/( R%5' %* o(+#', '$)$# +*0 /%)" 3 0"%5%"*( %* /%)" O* 2+*4# o I*0$# 3 (!%2$(+!%"#, G+*&+ 3 (!%2$(+!%"# Go0++!% 3 K!%#'*+ – )%7"0 w%(' !"&$! – 0+!4 "//ow +*0 &!+%#' %* 5o/o$! P$*1+2, H+!+*+, U.P. 3 B%'+! – "//ow %* 5o/o$! B'+*&+! – o/0 – /%&'( &!" K'+0+! – *"w – *o* o!o$#, 5/+" 3 /o+) - "//ow%#' C!o# – 1$(" 3 !%5"
BLACK SOIL
Vo/5+*%5 o!%&%* D"55+* (!+ M+0'+ P!+0"#' +*0 M+'+!+#'(!+ D%#%*("&!+(%o* o 2+#+/( !%5' %* o(+#', '$)$# +*0 /%)" D"", %*" &!+%*"0 +*0 2/+54 (o 5'"#(*$( 2!ow* %* 5o/o$! Mo%#($!" !"("*(%" – #(%54 w'"* w"( 3 o!)# 5!+54# w'"* 0! C!o# – 5o((o* 3 w'"+(
RED SOIL
W"+('"!%*& o 5!#(+//%*" +*0 )"(+)o!'%5 !o54# T+)%/ *+0$, K+!*+(+4+ 3 A*0'!+ P!+0"#' R"0 %* 5o/o$! , '%&' %!o* o7%0" D"%5%"*( %* *%(!o&"*, /%)", 'o#'o!o$# 3 '$)$# – !%5' %* o(+#' C!o# – w'"+( !%5" )%//"(#
LATERITE SOIL
L"+5'%*& o /+("!%(%5 !o54# B$%/0%*& )+("!%+/ 0$" (o oo! 9$+/%(
U*#$%(+2/" o! 5$/(%+(%o* Go+ +*0 4"!+/+ 3 )+/w+ /+("+$ Poo! %* *%(!o&"* 3 /%)" H%&' +5%0%( 5+*( !"(+%* )o%#($!" C!o# – 5+#'"w *$( +*0 (+%o5+
SOIL EROSION – !")o+/ o $"! "!(%/" /+"! 2 +&"*(# o 0"*$0+(%o* CAUSES
W+("! – #'""( "!o#%o* – &$// "!o#%o* H$)+* – 0"o!"#(+(%o* O"! &!+6%*& 2 5+((/" W%*0 I)!o"! +!)%*& ("5'*%9$"#
EFFECTS
Loo#"*%*& o #o%/ L+*0#/%0"# 3 /+#' /oo0# L"+0# (o $*!o0$5(%" #o%/ – oo! 5!o %"/0
METHODS TO PREVENT
S(!% 5!o%*& +*0 ("!!+5" +!)%*& A00 o!&+*%5 )+(("!, &!ow /"&$)%*o$# /+*(# 3 5!o !o(+(%o* A +o!"#(+(%o* /+*(%*& o #'"/("! 2"/(# o (!""# Co*(o$! /o$&'%*& +*0 5o*(o$! 2%*0%*& W+("!#'"0 )+*+&")"*(
CH 3 – NATURAL VEGETATION OF INDIA N+($!+/ "&"(+(%o* %# ('+( w'%5' &!ow# w%('o$( '$)+* %*("!"!"*5" +*0 +0o(# %(#"/ (o "*%!o*)"*(.
FACTORS
R+%*+// T")"!+($!" So%/ Too&!+' – +/(%($0" +*0 /+(%($0"
TROPICAL EVERGREEN FOREST
;<< 5) o !+%*+// ;=> C (o ;?>C D%. (!""# &"!)%*+(" 3 w%('"! @ 0%"!"*( (%)"# D"*#" (!""#, 5/%)2"!# 3 "%'("# D+!4 /oo! +# *o #$*/%&'( "*"(!+("# T!""# *o( %* $!" #(+*0 Ro#"woo0, "2o*, #'%#'+) – )+4%*& $!*%($!" – A*0+)+* 3 *%5o2+! %#/+*0#, +##+), M"&'+/++ 3 T!%$!+
TROPICAL DECIDOUS8 MONSOON FORESTS
<< – ;<< 5) o !+%*+// S'"0 /"+"# %* 'o( w"+('"! P$!" #(!+*0# o (!""# E5o*o)%5+// )o#( %). 3 )o#( "7/o%("0 S+/ – $!*%($!" T"+4 – #'% 2$%/0%*& S+*0+/woo0 – '+*0%5!+(# – K+!*+(+4+, ).. 5'+((%#&+!' S")+/ – (o#, )+(5'2o7"# M!o2+/+* – o! 0"%*& 5/o('"# +*0 (+**%*& /"+('"!
TROPICAL DRY
L"## ('+* ; 5) o !+%*+// ;>5 (o ;?> 5 T!""# – /o*& !oo(#, #)+// /"+"# 3 ('o!*# B+2$/ – &$) 3 %(# 2+!4# – (+**%*& #4%* K%4+!, +5+5%+#,('o!* 2$#'"# R+1+#('+*, 4$(5' 3 #+$!+#'(!+ %* G$1+!+(
TIDAL8DELTA FORESTS
D"*#" 3 %)"*"(!+2/" Roo(# o$( %* +%! 0$!%*& /ow (%0" T+*&/"0 !oo( ##(") D"/(+# o &+*&+. M+'+*+0%, K!%#'*+, Go0++!% G/o## /"+"# W. B"*&+/, A*0'!+ P!+0"#' S$*0+!% – '+!0, )+4%*& 2o+(# Go!1+* 3 '%*(+/ – #o$!5" o $"/ woo0
MOUNTAIN FORESTS
Mo$*(+%* +!"+ – K+#')%! (o +##+) V"&"(+(%o* 0"5%0$o$# 3 5o*%"!o$# D""*0%*& o* "/"+(%o* 3 !+%*+// H%)+5'+/ – 5o*%"!o$#, (+%&+ – C'!%#()+# (!"" – woo0 $/ – +"! H%)+0!% – ($*0!+ – )o#"# 3 /%5'"*# S'%+/%4 – 0"5%0$o$# C'%! %*" – "7(!+5(%o* o !"#%*# +*0 ($!"*(%*" S%/"! %! – )+(5'"#, +"! D"o0+! – !+%/w+ #/"""!# 3 'o$#" 5o*#(!$5(%o* K+#')%!, '%)+5'+/ P!+0"#'
FOREST CONSERVATION
C'"54 0"o!"#(+(%o* P!""*( o"!&!+6%*& R"o!"#(+(%o* S'%(%*& 5$/(%+(%o* *""0# (o 2" 5o*(!o//"0
CH 4 WATER REOURCE OF INDIA I!!%&+(%o* %# 4" (o %*0%+# +&!%5$/($!+/ #$55"## :
U*""* 0%#(!%2$(%o* o !+%*+// S"+#o*+/ !+%*+//
I*0%+# +&!%5$/($!+/ #"+#o* "7("*0# o"! w%*("! I*0%+* )o*#oo* – $*5"!(+%* D%. w+("! !"9$%!")"*(#
METHODS WELLS - *. /+%*# – UP, P$*1+2 3 R+1+#('+*
B 0%&&%*& 'o/" %* &!o$*0 (%// w+("! (+2/" )+*$+// R"9$%!")"*(# – '%&' w+("! (+2/" – "!)"+2/" !o54# – #o( #o%/ C'"+"#( 3 #%)/"#( #o$!5" o %!!%&+(%o* D%#+0+*(+&"# – 0! $ 0$!%*& #$))"! – 5+* w+("! /%)%("0 /+*0 – (%)"
5o*#$)%*& – 2!+54%#' w+("! Mo0"!* – "!"**%+/ /%*"0 w"//# – 5o"!"0 – 0$& (%// "!)+*"*( #o$!5" $#%*&
)+5'%*"# TANK IRRIGATION "*%*#$/+! /+("+$ – A*0'!+ P!+0"#' 3 (+)%/ *+0$ – *+($!+/ 0"!"##%o*# – '+!0 !o54#
Co*#(!$5(%*& w+//# +5!o## + 0"!"##%o* R"9$%!")"*(# - &!o$*0 #'o$/0 2" !o54 D%#+0+*(+&"# – #%/(%*& o (+*4#, 0! 0$!%*& #$))"!, o55$ /+!&" +!"+
TUBE WELLS – U.P. B%'+!
D"" 2o!" 0$& 3 w+("! %# /%("0 w%(' "/"5(!%5%( R"9$%!")"*(# –&!o$*0w+("! 5/o#" (o #$!+5" +*0 /"*(, !"&$/+! #$/ o 5'"+ "/"5(!%5%(, !"&%o* )$#( 2" "!(%/"
MULTI PURPOSE PROJECTS BHAKRA NANGAL 0+) – #+(/$1 – '%&'"#( 0+) %* +#%+ – P$*1+2, H+!+*+ 3 !+1+#('+* – &o%*0 #+&+! /+4" DAMODAR VALLEY CORPORATION – 0+)o0+! – %!#( )$/(% $!o1"5( +("! %*0""*0"*5" HIRAKUND 0+) – M+'+*+0% – /+!&"#( 0+) %* %*0%+ – O!%##+
R%'+*0 0+) – !%'+*0 !%"! – (!%2$(+! o #o* – /+!&"#( /+4" !"#"!o%! – &o%*0 2+//+2 +*( #+&+! /+4" – 2%'+! T$*&+2'+0!+ - /+!&"#( *o. o 5+*+/# – A*0'!+ P!+0"#' 3 K+!*+(+4+ – (wo %!!%&+(%o* 5+*+/ o* 2o(' #%0"# – +5!o## T$*&+2'+0!+ – + (!%2$(+! o K!%#'*+ IMPORTANCE
To #(o!" w+("! To &"*"!+(" "/"5(!%5%( To 5o*(!o/ /oo0# To !o%0" 0!%*4%*& w+("! To 0""/o %#5%5$/($!" 3 !"5!"+(%o*+/ 5"*(!"#
WATERSHED 0""/o)"*( – +* %). M"('o0 (o 5o*#"!" w+("!, %*5!"+#" +&!%5$/($!" 3 #(o "*. D"&!+0+(%o*. R+%* w+("! '+!"#(%*& – %( %# + ("5'*%9$" o %*5!"+#%*& ('" !"5'+!&" o &!o$*0 w+("! 2 5+($!%*& 3 #(o!%*& !+%*w+("!. O21"5(%"# –
M""( 0")+*0# o w+("! I)!o" &!o$*0w+("! 9$+/%( R"0$5" #o%/ "!o#%o* Ao%0 /oo0%*& o !o+0# R"0$5" #$!+5" !$*-o
EG: !oo w+("! '+!"#(%*&, '+*0 $)#, !"5'+!&" ('!o$&' #(o-0+)# o* #)+// #(!"+)#.
CH ! MINERAL IN INDIA COAL
B+#%5 #o$!5" o "*"!& P!o0$5(%o* o 5'")%5+/#, 0"#, "!(%/%6"!# +*0 +%*(# S(""/ %*0$#(!%"# B !o0$5(# – 2"*6o/, +))o*%+, *+('+ +*0 #$/'$!
= TYPES:
A*('!+5%(" – < – - 1"( 2/+54 B%($)%*o$# – < – ? - 0+!4 2!ow* – 0o)"#(%5 $#"# L%&*%(" – =< – < - 2!ow* P"+( – 2"/ow < - /%&'( 2!ow*
PROBLEMS
M"0%$) 9$+/%( – )o!" +#' 3 #)o4" – w+("! /o&&%*& – %!" +55%0"*(#
GONDWANA – o/0– W. B"*&+/ – !+*%&$*1 – o/0"#( – J'+!4'+*0 – J'+!%+ – /+!&"#( – 2o4+!o TERTIARY – K+#')%! – !%+#% – +##+) – /+4'%)$! PETROLEUM
So$!5" o ow"! +*0 $"/ G"*"!+(%o* o ow"! B !o0$5(# – 4"!o#"*", (+! +*0 /$2!%5+*(# A##+) – 0%&2o% – o/0"#( G$1+!+( – +*4/"#'w+! M$)2+% '%&' – /+!&"#(
IRON ORE
P!o0$5(%o* o %!o* 3 #(""/ U#"0 %* (!+*#o!(, 2$%/0%*& 0+)# 3 2!%0&"# Mo#( - '")+(%(" +*0 )+&*"(%(" /%)o*%(" – oo!"#(, '")+(%(" – %!o* O!%##+ – 4"o*1+!', )+$!2'+*1 J'+!4'+*0 – #%*&2'$) Go+ – *"(+!/%), 2$!&+0o*&+! M+'+!+#'(!+ – 5'+*0!+$! M+%* %)o!("! – 1++*, %!+* 3 5'%*+
MANGANESE
U#"0 %* )+4%*& %!o* 3 #(""/ R+w )+("!%+/ o! +%*( 3 &/+## J++* – )+%* %)o!("! – $#+, $4 O!%##+ – #$*0"!&+!', 4o!+$( K+!*+(+4+ – 2"//+!, 5'%(!+0$!& M+0'+ P!+0"#')o#( – 2+/+&'+(
BAUXITE
R+w )+("!%+/ o! +/$)%*%$) M+4%*& o )+5'%*"# 3 (oo/# M+4%*& $("*#%/# A%!5!+( %*0$#(! O!%##+, J'+!4'+*0
LIMESTONE
U#"0 %* 5'")%5+/#, %!o* +*0 #(""/, 5")"*(, &/+## 3 "!(%/%6"!# C'+((%#&+!' 3 M+0'+ P!+0"#'
CH " a#$i%&l'&$( in india SUBSISTENCE FARMING F+!)%*& o! +!)"! (o 5o*#$)" – #)+// #%6"0 /+*0 – )o!" )+*$+/ /+2o$! – *o )+5'%*"# – )o#(/ oo0 5!o# – 0o$2/" 5!o%*&, 5!o !o(+(%o* 3 )$/(%/" 5!o%*&
JHUMMING, SHIFTING AGRICULTURE S/+#' +*0 2$!*, /ow 9$+/%( #""0, /"## !o0$5(%o*, %)!o"! 5$/(%+(%o*, "5o/o&%5+/ 2+/+*5" 0%#($!2"0, 5!o# /"( (o &!ow o* ('"%! ow* 3 *o %!!%&+(%o* o! "!(%/%6+(%o* %# !o%0"0
INTENSIVE COMMERCIAL FARMING S)+// #%6"0 %"/0#, )o!" /+2o$! 3 #5%"*(%%5 )"('o0 (o )+4" #o%/ )o!" !o0$5(%", $#" o '2!%0 #""0#, )o#(/ oo0 5!o#. ETENSIVE COMMERCIAL FARMING B%& %"/0#, )+5'%*"#, 5+#' 5!o#, #+!#"/ o$/+("0 +!"+# w%(' +)/" o /+*0. !o0$5( o*/ o! #+/" MIED FARMING A*%)+/ !"+!%*& +/o*& w%(' 5!o#8/%"#(o54 !+%#%*& – /+!&"#( *o. o 5+((/" %* wo!/0 – %*0%+ – )o0"!* )+5'%*"! 3 &oo0 #""0# +!" $#"0 PLANTATION FARMING P!"0o)%*+*5" o #%*&/" 5!o w%(' #o)" o('"! 5!o# – o*/ o*5" /+*(+(%o* – %"/0 )+* "+!# – #5%"*(%%5+// )+*+&"0 5!o# o*/ o! #+/" PROBLEMS
Mo!" ('+* < +!)%*& 0""*0"*( o* )o*#oo* F+!)"!# – 5o*#"!+(%", %//%("!+(" 3 oo! So%/ "!o#%o* – %*5!"+#"0 #o%/ %*"!(%/%( F+!)"!# %*0"2("0 – 5+*( +o!0 *"w )+5'%*"#
SOLUTION
I)!o%*& +!)"!# '"+/(' 3 /%"#(/" P!""*(%*& !+&)"*(+(%o* I!!%&+(%o* E0$5+(%*& +!)"!#
FOOD CROPS
C"!"+/# – 5o//"5(%" ("!) o! +// 4%*0# o &!+## /%4" /+*(# '+%*& #(+!5', "0%2/" #""0#. CROPS
°C
RAINFAL
SOIL
STATES
EXTRA INFO
L
RICE
;;;
<<
ALLUVIA L
WHEAT
< ;?;
<-<
ALLUVIA L ALL
AL L
ALL
ALL
MILLET S
PULSES
TAMIL NADU, ANDHRA PRADESH 3 W. BENGAL PUNJAB, HARYANA JOWAR – U.P. HARYANA BAJRA – GUJ, MAHARASHTR A RAGI – KARNATAKA, ANDHRA PUNJAB, HARYANA
HARVESTING THRESHING HAND POUNDING POLISHING RUST 3 SMUT
PEAS, BEANS, LENTILS, MOONG,MASOOR,TOOR,UR AD
CASH CROPS
OIL SEEDS °C - 25°C 150 – 200 CM RAINFALL BLACK SOIL
ALLUVIAL SOIL
ANY
COTTONSEED GROUNDNUT SOYABEAN
SESAME LINT*o* "0%2/" RAPE 3 MUSTARD
SAFFLOWER CASTOR*o* "0%2/"
O%/5+4" – 2 !o0$5( o o%/ #""0#.o%/ %# "7(!+5("0 !o) o%/ #""0# +*0 !"#%0$"
%# ("!)"0 o%/5+4". A0+*(+&"# o o%/#""0# : - &"*"!+(" ")/o)"*(, - "+!*# o!"%&* "75'+*&" U#"# – #"+#o*%*& o oo0, !"#"!+(%"# %* %54/"# "(5, o%/5+4" +# o00"! 3
)+*$!", /$2!%5+*(# o! )+5'%*"!, %* +%*(#, %*4#, 0"#.
CROP
°C
RAINFALL
SOIL
STATE
COTTON
;< – <
< – ;<
BLACK
JUTE
; -
< – ;<<
ALLUVIAL
RUBBER
; -
? – <<
SUGAR
;< – <
<< – ;<<
RED 8 LATERITE ALLUVIAL
TEA
< -;<
< – ;<
COFFEE
;< – <
; – ;<<
CANE
RED 8 LATERITE RED 8 LATERITE
GUJARAT MAHARASHTR A W. BENGAL, GANGA BRAMAPUTRA DELTA KERALA, KARNATAKA PUNJAB HARYANA ASSAM, KERALA KERALA, KARNATAKA
BEVERAGE CROPS
TEA
P/+*(+(%o* 5!o – /+!&"#( !o0$5"! %*0%+ T"# B/+54 G!""* – #("+)%*& /"+"# %* +(# – 5!$#'"0 3 0!%"0 – *o "!)"*(+(%o* Oo/o*& –+!(%+/ "!)"*(+(%o* o /"+"# Sow%*& #""0# %* *$!#"! , -; )o*('#, (!+*#/+*("0 (o ("+ "#(+("#, 5$((%*&
(+4"* !o) )o('"! /+*( o! 2"(("! 9$+/%( +*0 &!ow* %*(o (%* #'!$2# – /$54%*& "+!/ )o!*%*&. Fo! %*"#( 9$+/%(, (wo /"+"# +*0 + 2$0 +!" /$54"0. T'%# %# %*" /$54%*&. F/$#' – *"w 2$0 o* ('" #'oo( o + ("+ /+*(. W%('"!%*& – (o !"0$5" )o%#($!", +%! %# 2/ow* Ro//%*& – (w%#( /"+"# (o "7o#" ('"%! 1$%5" o! "!)"*(+(%o* F"!)"*(+(%o* F%!%*& o! 0!%*& T+#(%*& 3 2/"*0%*& E7o!( – Ko/4+(+ CTC )+5'%*" – 5!$#'%*&, ("+!%*& 3 5$!/%*& COFFEE
A!+2%5+ Ro2$#(+ L%2"!%5+ S'!$2 w%(' &/o##, ""!&!""* /"+"# 3 w'%(" /ow"!#8 S'"/("! 2"/(# +!" !o%0"0 W"( o! P+!5')"*( )"('o0 – !")o+/ o #4%*, $/%*&, "!)"*(%*&, w+#'%*&
3 0!%*& D! o! *+(%" )"('o0 – 5o"!%*& %# !")o"0 2 0!%*& %* #$* – o$*0"0 (o
!")o" o$("! 5o"!%*& – 5o/o$!, /+o$! 3 (+#(" +!" !"#$/( o !o+#(%*& FIBRE CROPS
COTTON
S'o!( #(+/" – /"## ('+* ;.;5) M"0%$) #(+/" – ;.;. (o ;. 5) Lo*& #(+/" – +2o" ;. 5) G%**%*& – #"+!+(%o* o #""0# +*0 #'o!( %2!"# !o)!+w /%*(. A2$*0+*( #$*#'%*" 0$!%*& !%"*%*& 3 /$54%*& M+*$+/ /+2o$! Sow%*& – 2!o+05+#(%*& Bo// wo!) 3 2o// w""%/# P!o2/")# – !o#( 0"#(!o# ('" 5!o, !+%* o*/ 0$!%*& "+!/ &!ow%*& "!%o0, 5/o$0 w"+('"!, "#(#
JUTE
M+*$+/ /+2o$! C/"+! #o( w+("! J$(" )%("# #(+/4# +!" 5$( *"+! !oo(# +*0 ('"* (%"0 %* 2$*0/"# +*0 #("""0 $*(%/ o$("! 2+!4
2"&%*# (o !o(. T'%# %# ("!)"0 +# !"((%*&. R"((%*& – #o+4%*& o #(+/4# (o !")o" %2!" !o) 2+!4 R%*#%*& W+#'%*& C/"+*%*& D!%*& P!o2/")# – #(% 5o)"(%(%o* %* %*(/. )+!4"(.
COMMERCIAL CROPS
RUBBER
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SUGARCANE
T+//, "!"**%+/ S$&+! 5+*" %# 0%%0"0 %*(o %*("!*o0"# 5o**"5("0 2 1o%*(# 5+//"0 *o0"#. E+5' *o0" '+# + 2$0. Mo*o5$/($!" 5!o D! #"+#o* o! '+!"#(%*& Mo!" /+2o$!
