AP Human Geography Chapter 10 Agriculture

Exam
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 MULTIPLE  CHOICE.  Choose  the  one  alternative  that  best  completes  the  statement  or  answers  the   question.   1) Unlike other forms of commercial agriculture, plantations are 1) ______  A)  situated in densely populated locations. B)  found primarily in less developed countries. C)  owned by people in less developed countries. D)  part of agribusiness. E)  all of the above 2)  The predominant form of agriculture in the U.S. Southeast is 2) ______ A)  Mediterranean  agriculture.   B)  mixed  crop  and  livestock.   C)  dairy  farming.   D)  plantation  farming.   E)  commercial  gardening. 3) Which of the following is least likely to be produced in Mediterranean agriculture? 3) ______ A)  grapes   B)  bu
7)  Ranching has declined in the southwestern United States primarily because 7) ______ A)  the  predominant  breed  of  ca
13) Von Thnen's model can best be used to explain the location of which of the following types of agriculture? 13) ______ A)  ranching  in  the  dry  lands  of  North  Africa   B)  intensive  subsistence  in  South  China   C)  dairying  in  the  Northeast  United  States   D)  mediterranean  agriculture  in  central  Chile   E)  shifting  cultivation  in  the  tropics  of  South  America   14) According to the von Thnen model, timber production was located in the second ring from the city because of what factor? 14) ______ A)  need  for  a  vast  area   B)  product  weight   C)  perishability   D)  labor  intense  harvesting  methods   E)  delivery  time   15) The farther a dairy farm is from a large urban area the lower the percentage of output devoted to fresh milk. This occurs primarily because 15) ______ A)  the  quality  of  soil  is  lower  near  an  urban  area.   B)  land  costs  are  lower  farther  from  the  urban  area.   C)  rural  populations  drink  less  milk  per  capita  than  urban  dwellers.   D)  processed  milk  is  less  perishable.   E)  transport  costs  are  greater  farther  from  the  urban  area.   16) Asian agriculture is characterized by shortages of all but which of the following? 16) ______ A)  land B)  equipment   C)  funds   D)  labor   E)  C  and  D   17) Which of the following is a typical practice in growing rice in Asia? 17) ______ A)  transplanting  seedlings  into  the  flooded  field   B)  flooding  the  plowed  field  with  water   C)  growing  seedlings  in  a  nursery   D)  preparing  fields  with  a  plow  drawn  by  oxen   E)  all  of  the  above   18) The most important reason why most people in North China grow crops other than wet rice is 18) ______ A)  harvesting  wet  rice  requires  expensive  machinery.   B)  climate.   C)  soil.   D)  tradition.   E)  cultural  preference.   19) Pastoral nomadism is most commonly found in which climate region? 19) ______ A)  warm  mid-latitude   B)  polar  

C)  dry D)  humid  low-latitude   E)  cold  mid-latitude   20) Pastoral nomads 20) ______ A)  consume  mostly  meat,  rather  than  grain.   B)  prefer  sheep  to  goats  because  sheep  require  less  water  and  will  forage  on  virtually  any  vegetation.   C)  are  expanding  their  territory  in  North  Africa  and  the  Middle  East.   D)  occupy  only  their  own  territory,  moving  with  the  seasons  to  find  forage  and  water.   E)  occupy  different  territory  each  year  to  find  forage  and  water.   21) The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures is 21) ______ A)  pastoral  nomadism.   B)  practiced  mostly  in  the  tropics.   C)  transhumance.   D)  livestock  ranching.   E)  shifting  cultivation.   22) To increase crop yields, farmers in southeastern China commonly practice 22) ______ A)  transhumance.   B)  threshing.   C)  shifting  cultivation.   D)  pastoral  nomadism.   E)  double  cropping.   23) The most important distinction for dividing the world into agricultural regions is 23) ______ A)  the  population  density  of  the  crop-producing  region.   B)  whether  crops  are  grown  or  animals  are  raised.   C)  the  location  of  the  first  agriculture.   D)  B  and  D   E)  whether  the  product  is  consumed  on  or  off  the  farm.   24) Which statement correctly describes hunting and gathering? 24) ______ A)  All  humans  obtained  their  food  this  way  before  the  invention  of  agriculture.   B)  Hunter  gatherers  live  in  small  groups.   C)  This  form  of  subsistence  is  still  practiced.   D)  It  is  a  form  of  nomadism.   E)  all  of  the  above   25) Hunting and gathering societies 25) ______ A)  include  about  15  percent  of  the  world'ʹs  people.   B)  occur  nearly  everywhere  but  are  especially  common  in  Europe.   C)  are  found  in  isolated  places  in  the  world.   D)  are  responsible  for  most  of  the  environmental  degradation  of  the  planet.   E)  are  characterized  by  large  concentrations  of  people.  

26) An important agricultural hearth is 26) ______ A)  northern  China.   B)  Southeast  Asia.   C)  Ethiopia.   D)  South  America.   E)  all  of  the  above   27) The cultivation of plants by cutting stems and dividing roots is 27) ______ A)  subsistence  agriculture.   B)  sawah.   C)  vegetative  planting.   D)  plant  hybridization.   E)  seed  agriculture.   28) Vegetative planting probably originated in 28) ______ A)  Southwest  Asia.   B)  northern  China.   C)  Southeast  Asia.   D)  Ethiopia.   E)  all  of  the  above   29) In the Eastern Hemisphere, seed agriculture probably originated in which of the following? 29) ______ A)  northern  China   B)  western  India   C)  Ethiopia   D)  Southwest  Asia   E)  A,  B,  and  C   30)  The first group to integrate seed agriculture with domestication of herd animals was probably in 30) ______ A)  western  India.   B)  South  America.   C)  Southwest  Asia.   D)  northern  China.   E)  Ethiopia.   31) Seed agriculture probably reached Europe from 31) ______ A)  northern  China.   B)  Southeast  Asia.   C)  Southwest  Asia.   D)  Ethiopia.   E)  western  India.   32) Unique agricultural practices arise in particular regions because of 32) ______ A)  climate.   B)  physical  characteristics  of  the  land.   C)  limited  knowledge  of  alternatives.   D)  distinctive  cultural  traits.   E)  all  of  the  above  

33) Which is not a form of subsistence agriculture? 33) ______ A)  shifting  cultivation   B)  intensive   C)  Mediterranean   D)  pastoral  nomadism   E)  All  of  the  above  are  forms  of  subsistence  agriculture.   34) Which type of agriculture is found primarily in less developed countries? 34) ______ A)  Mediterranean   B)  truck  farming   C)  commercial  gardening   D)  plantation   E)  none  of  the  above   35) Which is not a characteristic of shifting cultivation? 35) ______ A)  Debris  is  burned  to  provide  the  soil  with  nutrients.   B)  A  new  site  is  designated  every  few  years.   C)  Swiddens  not  under  cultivation  are  used  for  fruit  trees.   D)  Land  is  cleared  by  slashing  the  vegetation.   E)  All  of  the  above  are  characteristics.   36) Shifting cultivation is most commonly found in which climate region? 36) ______ A)  humid  low-latitude   B)  warm  mid-latitude   C)  dry D)  cold  mid-latitude   E)  undifferentiated  Highlands.   37) Which type of agriculture occupies the largest percentage of the world's land area? 37) ______ A)  livestock  ranching   B)  pastoral  nomadism   C)  shifting  cultivation   D)  intensive  subsistence   E)  dairying   38) Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the world's people? 38) ______ A)  shifting  cultivation   B)  hunting  and  gathering   C)  pastoral  nomadism   D)  plantation   E)  intensive  subsistence  

39) Defenders of shifting cultivation say it is the best approach for the tropics because 39) ______ A)  shifting  cultivation  is  part  of  the  cultural  diversity  of  folk  customs  in  the  tropics.   B)  shifting  cultivation  destroys  less  tropical  rain  forest  than  permanently  clearing  the  land.   C)  permanently  clearing  fields  and  using  fertilizers  will  destroy  tropical  soils.   D)  it  requires  a  lot  of  land  to  feed  a  small  number  of  people.   E)  A,  B,  and  C   40) Only about 15 million people are nomads, but they sparsely occupy 40) ______ A)  most  of  the  islands  of  the  south  Pacific.   B)  50  percent  of  the  undifferentiated  highlands.   C)  20  percent  of  the  earth'ʹs  land  area.   D)  most  of  the  tropical  regions  of  the  earth.   E)  10  percent  of  the  earth'ʹs  land  area.   41)The largest proportion of farmers in Asia practice 41) ______ A)  pastoral  nomadism.   B)  shifting  cultivation.   C)  plantation  agriculture.   D)  intensive  subsistence.   E)  hunting  and  gathering.   42) Compared to shifting cultivation, intensive subsistence agriculture is characterized by which of the following? 42) ______ A)  smaller  farms   B)  more  diversified  cropping   C)  higher  agricultural  density   D)  greater  use  of  animal  power   E)  all  of  the  above   43) To separate husks from seeds, Asian farmers beat the heads on the ground, a practice known as 43) ______ A)  winnowing.   B)  polishing.   C)  threshing.   D)  chaff.   E)  grazing.   44) A principal practice of sustainable agriculture is 44) ______ A)  limited  use  of  chemicals.   B)  sensitive  land  management.   C)  be
45) China, the United States, Russia, and India are the leading producers of 45) ______ A)  corn  (maize).   B)  sugar  cane.   C)  milk  products.   D)  wool.   E)  commercial  grain.   46) After corn, the most important crop in the U.S. mixed crop and livestock region is 46) ______ A)  soybeans.   B)  barley.   C)  wheat.   D)  fruits  and  vegetables.   E)  sugar  beets.   47)  Ranching is practiced in a climate region most similar to that of which other type of agriculture? 47) ______ A)  dairying   B)  Mediterranean  agriculture   C)  grain   D)  shifting  cultivation   E)  pastoral  nomadism 48) The different areas of the world where Mediterranean agriculture predominates have similar 48) ______ A)  broad  expanses  of  flat  land  along  sea  coasts.   B)  social  customs.   C)  levels  of  livestock  production  with  the  mixed  crop  and  livestock  regions.   D)  cultural  beliefs.   E)  climate. 49) Farmers in more developed and less developed countries share which of the following problems? 49) ______ A)  inadequate  income   B)  lack  of  equipment   C)  access  to  fertilizers   D)  declining  market  demand   E)  surplus  production 50) Less developed countries generate funds to promote development through 50) ______ A)  adopting  shifting  cultivation.   B)  encouraging  traditional  subsistence  agriculture.   C)  feeding  the  rapidly  growing  population.   D)  bartering  with  urban  residents.   E)  selling  export  crops. 51) Farmers in more developed and less developed countries share which of the following problems? 51) ______ A)  access  to  fertilizers   B)  inadequate  income   C)  lack  of  equipment   D)  declining  market  demand   E)  surplus  production  

52) Less developed countries generate funds to promote development through 52) ______ A)  feeding  the  rapidly  growing  population.   B)  adopting  shifting  cultivation.   C)  bartering  with  urban  residents.   D)  selling  export  crops.   E)  encouraging  traditional  subsistence  agriculture.