• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
Guidelines for Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control
(HIRARC)
Department of Occupational Safety and Health Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia
2008 JKKP DP 127/789/4-47 ISBN 978-983-2014-62-1 •
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
Guidelines for Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC)
Department of Occupational Safety and Health Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia 2008
JKKP DP 127/789/4-47 ISBN 978-983-2014-62-1 •
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
Guidelines for Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC)
Department of Occupational Safety and Health Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia 2008
JKKP DP 127/789/4-47 ISBN 978-983-2014-62-1 •
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
Preface
I
n recent years, Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) has become undamental to the practice o planning, management and the operation o a business as a basic o risk management. management. Te organizations that have carried out risk assessment at the work place have noted numerous changes changes in their working working practice. Tose who have have already carried out risk assessment in their work, have reported positive changes in their working practice, they recognize substandard act and working condition as they develop and take necessar y corrective action. Legislation requires that this process should be systematic and be recorded so that the results are reliable and the analysis complete. Te risk assessment process should be continuous and should not be regarded as a one-off exercise. In line with the Department approach o PREVENIVE MEASURES as a way o enorcing the law on Occupational Saety and Health (OSH), it seems that HIRARC has became extremely important. With With HIRARC, one will be able to identiy hazard, analyze and assess its associated risk and then t hen apply the suitable control measures Tis Guideline is supposed to provide guidance on methodology o conducting HIRARC, it should be simple enough to be used by small and medium industries and should be versatile enough to be used by all in various economic sectors, either in the manuacturing sector, construction sectors or any other economic sectors. Te methodology o HIRARC as proposed in this Guidelines is intended or the assessment o physical hazards. Tose who intend to assess health hazards in their workplaces, workplaces, should make use o other risk assessment guidelines designed desig ned specifically or such purposes. Te Department would like to thank all the staff rom Ma jor Ma jor Hazard Division or their effort and contribution in the preparation preparation o this guideline.
Director General Department o Occupational Saety and Health, Malaysia 2008
2
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
Page Numbers
Table of Contents
PREFACE 1. Purpose
5
2. erm and Definitions 3. Basic Concepts 3.1 What is risk?
4. Planning And Conducting Of HIRARC
6
4.1 Purpose o HIRARC 4.2 Planning o HIRARC Activities 4.3 Process o HIRARC 4.3.1 Classiy Work Activities
7
4.3.2 Hazard Identifications 4.3.2.1
Health Hazards
4.3.2.2
Saety Hazards
4.3.2.3
Environmental Hazards
4.3.2.4
Hazard Identification echnique
4.3.2.5
Te hazard identification and assessment methodology
8
9
4.3.3 Analyze and Estimate Risk 4.3.3.1
Probability o an Occurrence
10
4.3.3.2
Severity o Consequence
11
4.3.3.3
Risk assessment
12
5. Control 5.1 Selecting a Suitable Control
13
5.2 ypes o Control 5.2.1 At the source o the hazard 5.2.2 Engineering control
14
5.2.3 Administrative controls 5.2.4 Personal Protective Equipment
15
5.3 Monitoring Controls 5.4 Sae work Procedures 5.5 Personal Protective Equipment
•
16
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
3
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
Table of Contents
6. Documenting HIRARC 6.1 Responsibility and Accountability
16
6.2 Documenting Process
17
7. Consultation
18
8. raining
APPENDIX A
19
Examples of Workplace Hazards
APPENDIX B
22
Checklist for Workplace Hazard Examples
APPENDIX C HIRARC Form
23
APPENDIX D Worked examples: Scenario 1 Worked examples: Scenario 2
25
APPENDIX E
4
•
Example of Hazard Identification echnique
26
Example of Job Hazard Analysis
31
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
1.0 Purpose Te purpose o this guideline is to provide a systematic and objective approach to assessing hazards and their associated risks that will provide an objective measure o an identified hazard as well as provide a method to control the risk. It is one o the general duties as prescribed under the Occupational Saety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) or the employer to provide a sae workplaces to their employees and other related person.
2.0 erm And Definitions Hazard means a source or a situation with a potential or harm in terms o human injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment or a combination o these. Hazard control means the process o implementing measures to reduce the risk associated with a hazard. Hierarchy of control means the established priority order or the types o measures to be used to control risks. Hazard identification means the identification o undesired events that lead to the materialisation o the hazard and the mechanism by which those undesired events could occur. Risk means a combination o the likelihood o an occurrence o a hazardous event with specified period or in specified circumstances and the severity o injury or damage to the health o people, property, environment or any combination o these caused by the event. Risk assessment means the process o evaluating the risks to saety and health arising rom hazards at work. Risk management means the total procedure associated with identiying a hazard, assessing the risk, putting in place control measures, and reviewing the outcomes.
3.0 Basic Concepts
3.1 What is risk? Risk is something that we as individuals live with on a day-to-day basis. People are constantly making decisions based on risk. Simple decision in daily lie such as driving, crossing the road and money investment all imply an acceptance risk. Risk is the combination o the likelihood and severity o a specified hazardous event occurring. In mathematical term, risk can be calculated by the equation Risk = Likelihood x Severity
Where, •
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
5
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
Likelihood is an event likely to occur within the specific period or in specified circumstances and, Severity is outcome rom an event such as severity o injury or health o people, or damage to property, or insult to environment, or any combination o those caused by the event.
4.0 Planning And Conducting Of HIRARC
4.1 Purpose o HIRARC Te purpose o HIRARC are as ollows:a. to identiy all the actors that may cause harm to employees and others (the hazards); b. to consider what the chances are o that harm actually be alling anyone in the circumstances o a particular case and the possible severity that could come rom it (the risks); and c. to enable employers to plan, introduce and monitor preventive measures to ensure that the risks are adequately controlled at all times.
4.2 Planning o HIRARC Activities HIRARC activities shall be plan and conducted – a. or situation – i. ii. iii.
where hazard appear to pose significant threat; uncertain whether existing controls are adequate; or/and beore implementing corrective or preventive measures.
b. by organization intending to continuously improve OSH Management System. It should be the duty o the employer to assign a trained personnel to lead a team o employees associated with one particular process or activity to conduct HIRARC.
4.3 Process o HIRARC Process o HIRARC requires 4 simple steps a. classiy work activities; b. identiy hazard; c. conduct risk assessment (analyze and estimate risk rom each hazard), by calculating or estimating i. ii.
likelihood o occurrence, and severity o hazard;
d. decide i risk is tolerable and apply control measures (i necessary). 6
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
Flowchart of HIRARC Process Classify work activities Consultation
Employer Representative
Worker Representative
Identify Hazards Risk Assessment Prepare Risk Control Action Plan (If Necessary)
R e v i e w
Implement
4.3.1 Classify work activities
Classiy work activities in accordance with their similarity, such as i. ii. iii. iv. v.
geographical or physical areas within/outside premises; stages in production/service process; not too big e.g. building a car; not too small e.g. fixing a nut; or defined task e.g. loading, packing, mixing, fixing the door.
4.3.2 Hazard identification
Te purpose o hazard identification is to highlight the critical operations o tasks, that is, those tasks posing significant risks to the health and saety o employees as well as highlighting those hazards pertaining to certain equipment due to energy sources, working conditions or activities perormed. Hazards can be divided into three main groups, health hazards, saety hazards, and environmental hazards. 4.3.2.1 Health hazards
An occupational health hazard is any agent that can cause illness to an individual. A health hazard may produce serious and immediate (acute) affects, or may cause long-term (chronic) problems. All or part o the body may be affected. Someone with an occupational illness may not recognize the symptoms immediately. For example, noise-induced hearing loss is ofen difficult or the affected individual to detect until it is well advanced. Health
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
7
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
hazards include chemicals (such as battery acid and solvents), biological hazards (such as bacteria, viruses, dusts and molds), physical agents (energy sources strong enough to harm the body, such as electric currents, heat, light, vibration, noise and radiation) and work design (ergonomic) hazards. 4.3.2.2 Safety hazards
A saety hazard is any orce strong enough to cause injury, or damage to property. An injury caused by a saety hazard is usually obvious. For example, a worker may be badly cut. Saety hazards cause harm when workplace controls are not adequate. Some examples o saety hazards include, but are not limited to i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix.
slipping/tripping hazards (such as wires run across floors); fire hazards (rom flammable materials); moving parts o machinery, tools and equipment (such as pinch and nip points); work at height (such as work done on scaffolds); ejection o material (such as rom molding); pressure systems (such as steam boilers and pipes); vehicles (such as orklifs and trucks); lifing and other manual handling operations; and working alone.
4.3.2.3 Environmental hazards
An environmental hazard is a release to the environment that may cause harm or deleterious effects. An environmental release may not be obvious. For example, a worker who drains a glycol system and releases the liquid to a storm sewer may not be aware, o the effect on the environment. Environmental hazards cause harm when controls and work procedures are not ollowed. 4.3.2.4 Hazard identification technique
Te employer shall develop a hazard identification and assessment methodology taking into account the ollowing documents and inormation i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi.
any hazardous occurrence investigation reports; first aid records and minor injury records; work place health protection programs; any results o work place inspections; any employee complaints and comments; any government or employer reports, studies and tests concerning the health and saety o employees; vii. any reports made under the regulation o Occupational Saety and Health Act,1994 viii. the record o hazardous substances; and ix. any other relevant inormation. 8
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
4.3.2.5 Te hazard identification and assessment methodology
Te hazard identification and assessment methodology shall include a. Steps and time rame or identiying and assessing the hazards. One must define the steps or the identification o hazards and a time rame or this identification. Te ollowing inormation should be included i.
ii.
iii.
who will be responsible or the identification: or example, it may be the work place health and saety committee, or an individual or individuals appointed by the committee; the way in which the identification reports are processed: or example, they may be compiled and processed by the commit tee, or by individuals appointed by the committee; and the identification time rame: or example, the identification o hazards or workshop A must be completed in December, or workshop B in April and or workshop C in November.
b. Te keeping o a record o the hazards. Afer having identified the hazards, one must establish and maintain an identification record, either in print or electronic ormat. c. A time rame or reviewing and, i necessary, revising the methodology. Te date or the review o the identification: or example, the review o the identification method will be carried out every three years. o complete hazard identification, one can use techniques to identiy hazards. Some examples o techniques include, but are not limited to i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi.
work place inspections; task saety analysis or job hazard analysis; preliminary investigations; potential accident actors; ailure analysis; accident and incident investigations.
It is in your interest to adopt your own process and your own identification techniques so that they match oner management procedures and the size o business. In act, the identification method may vary depending on the size o the work place. 4.3.3 Analyze and estimate risk
Risk is the determination o likelihood and severity o the credible accident/event sequences in order to determine magnitude and to priorities identified hazards. It can be done by qualitative, quantitative or semi quantitative method. •
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
9
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
A qualitative analysis uses words to describe the magnitude o potential severity and the likelihood that those severity will occur. Tese scales can be adapted or adjusted to suit the circumstances and different descriptions may be used or different risks. Tis method uses expert knowledge and experience to determine likelihood and severity category. In semi-quantitative analysis, qualitative scales such as those described above are given values. Te objective is to produce a more expanded ranking scale than is usually achieved in qualitative analysis, not to suggest realistic values or risk such as is attempted in quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis uses numerical values (rather than the descriptive scales used in qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis) or both severity and likelihood using data rom a variety o sources such as past accident experience and rom scientific research. Severity may be determined by modeling the outcomes o an event or set o events, or by extrapolation rom experimental studies or past data. Severity may be expressed in terms o monetary, technical or human impact criteria, or any o the other criteria. Te way in which severity and likelihood are expressed and the ways in which they are combined to provide a level o risk will vary according to the type o risk and the purpose or which the risk assessment output is to be used. In this guidelines qualitative and semi quantitative method uses as an example. 4.3.3.1 Likelihood of an occurrence
Tis value is based on the likelihood o an event occurring. You may ask the question “How many times has this event happened in the past?” Assessing likelihood is based worker experience, analysis or measurement. Likelihood levels range rom “most likely” to “inconceivable.” For example, a small spill o bleach rom a container when filling a spray bottle is most likely to occur during every shif. Alternatively, a leak o diesel uel rom a secure holding tank may be less probable. able A indicates likelihood using the ollowing values LIKELIHOOD (L)
EX AMP LE
Most likely
Te most likely result o the hazard / event being realized
5
Possible
Has a good chance o occurring and is not unusual
4
Conceivable
Might be occur at sometime in uture
3
Remote
Has not been known to occur afer many years
2
Inconceivable
Is practically impossible and has never occurred
1
able A 10
•
RAING
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
4.3.3.2 Severity of hazard
Severity can be divided into five categories. Severity are based upon an increasing level o severity to an individual’s health, the environment, or to property. able B indicates severity by using the ollowing table: SEVERIY (S) Catastrophic Fatal Serious Minor Negligible
EX AM PLE
RAING
Numerous atalities, irrecoverable property damage and productivity Approximately one single atality major property damage i hazard is realized Non-atal injury, permanent disability Disabling but not permanent injury Minor abrasions, bruises, cuts, first aid type injury
5 4 3 2 1
able B
4.3.3.3 Risk assessment
Risk can be presented in variety o ways to communicate the results o analysis to make decision on risk control. For risk analysis that uses likelihood and severity in qualitative method, presenting result in a risk matrix is a very effective way o communicating the distribution o the risk throughout a plant and area in a workplace. Risk can be calculated using the ollowing ormula: L x S = Relative Risk L = Likelihood S = Severity
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
11
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
An example o risk matrix (able C) is shown below: Severity (S)
Likelihood (L)
1
2
3
4
5
5
5
10
15
20
25
4
4
8
12
16
20
3
3
6
9
12
15
2
2
4
6
8
10
1
1
2
3
4
5
able C
High Medium Low
o use this matrix, first find the severity column that best describes the outcome o risk. Ten ollow the likelihood row to find the description that best suits the likelihood that the severity will occur. Te risk level is given in the box where the row and column meet. Te relative risk value can be used to prioritize necessary actions to effectively manage work place hazards. able D determines priority based on the ollowing ranges: RISK
DESCRIPION
ACION
15 - 25
HIGH
A HIGH risk requires immediate action to control the hazard as detailed in the hierarchy o control. Actions taken must be documented on the risk assessment orm including date or completion.
5 - 12
MEDIUM
1-4
LOW
A MEDIUM risk requires a planned approach to controlling the hazard and applies temporary measure i required. Actions taken must be documented on the risk assessment orm including date or completion. A risk identified as LOW may be considered as acceptable and urther reduction may not be necessary. However, i the risk can be resolved quickly and efficiently, control measures should be implemented and recorded. able D
12
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
Hazards assessed, as “High Risk” must have immediate actions, to resolve risk to lie saety and or the environment. Individuals responsible or required action, including ollow up must be clearly identified. A urther detail risk assessment method may require such as quantitative risk assessment as means o determine suitable controls measures.
5.0 Control Definition: Control is the elimination or inactivation o a hazard in a manner such that the hazard does not pose a risk to workers who have to enter into an area or work on equipment in the course o scheduled work.
Hazards should be controlled at their source (where the problem is created). Te closer a control to the source o the hazard is the better. Tis method is ofen reerred to as applying engineering controls. I this does not work, hazards can ofen be controlled along the path to the worker, between the source and the worker. Tis method can be reerred to as applying administrative controls. I this is not possible, hazards must be controlled at the level o the worker through the use o personal protective equipment (PPE), although this is the least desirable control.
5.1 Selecting a suitable control Selecting a control ofen involves – a. evaluating and selecting short and long term controls; b. implementing short-term measures to protect workers until permanent controls can be put in place; and c. implementing long term controls when reasonably practicable. For example, suppose a noise hazard is identified. Short-term controls might require workers to use hearing protection. Long term, permanent controls might remove or isolate the noise source.
5.2 ypes o Control 5.2.1 At the source of the hazard
a. Elimination - Getting rid o a hazardous job, tool, process, machine or substance is perhaps the best way o protecting workers. For example, a salvage firm might decide to stop buying and cutting up scrapped bulk uel tanks due to explosion hazards. b. Substitution - Sometimes doing the same work in a less hazardous way is possible. For example, a hazardous chemical can be replaced with a less hazardous one. Controls must protect workers rom any new hazards that are created.
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
13
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
5.2.2
Engineering control
a. Redesign - Jobs and processes can be reworked to make them saer. For example, containers can be made easier to hold and lif. b. Isolation - I a hazard cannot be eliminated or replaced, it can some times be isolated, contained or otherwise kept away rom workers. For example, an insulated and air-conditioned control room can protect operators rom a toxic chemical. c. Automation - Dangerous processes can be automated or mechanized. For example, computer-controlled robots can handle spot welding operations in car plants. Care must be taken to protect workers rom robotic hazards. d. Barriers - A hazard can be blocked beore it reaches workers. For example, special curtains can prevent eye injuries rom welding arc radiation. Proper equipment guarding will protect workers rom con tacting moving parts. e. Absorption - Baffles can block or absorb noise. Lockout systems can isolate energy sources during repair and maintenance. Usually, the urther a control keeps a hazard away rom workers, the more effective it is. . Dilution - Some hazards can be diluted or dissipated. For example, ventilation systems can dilute toxic gasses beore they reach operators. 5.2.3 Administrative controls
a. Safe work procedures - Workers can be required to use standardized saety practices. Te employer is expected to ensure that workers ollow these practices. Work procedures must be periodically reviewed with workers and updated. b. Supervision and training – Initial training on sae work procedures and reresher training should be offered. Appropriate supervision to assist workers in identiying possible hazards and evaluating work procedures. c. Job rotations and other procedures can reduce the time that workers are exposed to a hazard. For example, workers can be rotated through jobs requiring repetitive tendon and muscle movements to prevent cumulative trauma injuries. Noisy processes can be scheduled when no one is in the workplace. d. Housekeeping, repair and maintenance programs - Housekeeping includes cleaning, waste disposal and spill cleanup. ools, equipment and machinery are less likely to cause injury i they are kept clean and well maintained. e. Hygiene - Hygiene practices can reduce the risk o toxic materials being absorbed by workers or carried home to their amilies. Street clothing should be kept in separate lockers to avoid being contaminated by work clothing. Eating areas must be segregated rom toxic hazards. Eating should be orbidden in toxic work areas. Where applicable, workers should be required to shower and change clothes at the end o the shif. 14
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
5.2.4 Personal protective equipment
Personal protective equipment (PPE) and clothing is used when other controls measures are not easible and where additional protection is needed. Workers must be trained to use and maintain equipment properly. Te employer and workers must understand the limitations o the personal protective equipment. Te employer is expected to require workers to use their equipment whenever it is needed. Care must be taken to ensure that equipment is working properly. Otherwise, PPE may endanger a workers health by providing an illusion o protection.
5.3 Monitoring controls Te effectiveness o controls must be checked regularly. Evaluate and monitor hazard controls during inspections, routine maintenance, and other activities. Ask the ollowing questions – a. have the controls solved the problem? b. is any risk to workers posed by the controls contained? c. are all new hazards being identified? d. are significant, new hazards appropriately controlled? e. are accident reports being analyzed? . are any other measures required? Document control activities to track their effectiveness, i necessary re-evaluate hazards and implement new control measures.
5.4 Sae work procedures Trough the completion o a Job Hazard Analysis, sometimes hazards are identified and cannot be eliminated or engineered out o a particular task. Sae Work Procedures are step by step instructions that allow workers to conduct their work saety when hazards are present. A Sae Work Procedure identifies the materials and equipment needed, and how and when to use them saety. Sae Work Procedures are generally prepared or a. critical high risk jobs where accidents have or could result in severe injuries; b. hazardous work where accidents occur requently; c. new or altered tasks have been introduced; d. new equipment has been added to a process; e. a job that requires many detailed tasks;
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
15
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
. where two or more workers required or a job, and each must perorm specific tasks simultaneously; and g. specific tasks are done inrequently. Sae Work Procedures must include: a. regulatory requirements; b. necessary personal protective equipment; c. required training; d. worker responsibilities; e. specific sequence o steps to ollow to complete the work saely; . required permits; and g. emergency procedures. An example o a task that requires the development o a sae work procedure is confined space entry. Individuals who must work within confined spaces must ensure that sae work procedures are developed and ollowed to maximize lie saety.
5.5 Personal protective equipment (PPE) Personal protective equipment means any equipment which is intended to be worn or held by a person at work and which protects him against one or more risks to his health or saety and any additional accessory designed to meet that objective; PPE is usually chosen to provide protection appropriate to each o type o hazard present. Tere are specifications or the types o PPE used or protecting an individual’s head, eyes, ootwear, limb and body, fire retardant clothing, respiratory, hearing, and personal flotation devices. It may also include required apparel or example when traffic hazards are present high visible and distinguishable “vests must be worn”
6.0 Documenting HIRARC
6.1 Responsibility and accountability Proper management o hazards sporadically identified in the workplace can be done through effective process. Ultimately, the individual or team who identified the hazard must ensure proper communication o the hazard to the appropriate workplace authority (manager, department head, or designated person). Each HIRARC must be ully documented. Te HIRARC orm must be completed by the HIRARC team and signed 16
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
by the in charge personnel o the area. Departments responsible or the hazards and their control are required to maintain all records o assessments or at least 3 years. (In some cases, legislative requirements will determine the minimum time to retain records). Te appropriate authority is responsible or ensuring that effective and timely controls are applied to the hazard and communicating the results back to the originator. Management or employer must endorse and approve the HIRARC results. Employer must communicate all HIRARC to employees, monitor the ollow up action and keep the records. Te HIRARC Form (see APPENDIX C) is an example to document the HIRARC process.
6.2 Documenting process Instructions to team leader and persons conducting HIRARC a. complete HIRARC Form. It is recommended to use a single orm or each work process; b. record the names and designation o HIRAC team members; c. outline the process workflow and indicate in the orm under ‘process/ location column; e. list all activities ( routine and non-routine) or each work process under the “Work Activity” column; . identiy the hazards associated with each activity and record in “Hazard” column; g. determine the effect o each hazard identified and record in “Effect” column; h. record any existing hazard control measures; i. determine likelihood (L) rom able A and severity (S) rom able B or each hazard. Assign P and C rating in respectively column. Te existing control measures should be take into consideration while determine (L) and (S); j. by using Risk Matrix ( able C and D ) assign one risk and record in “Risk” column; k. based on the risk assigned, recommend appropriate risk control measures ( see able D); l. assign a suitable person to implement the recommended risk control and indicate the ollow up action date and status; m. repeat the HIRARC or other activities and process; n. conduct another round o HIRARC afer control measures have been implemented; and o. review HIRARC or every three years or whenever there are changes in process or activities.
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
17
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
7.0 Consultation I practicable, there must be consultation with the relevant health and saety representative(s) when identiying, assessing and controlling risks. Consulting directly with employees and drawing on their experience and knowledge is more effective in reducing risk.
8.0 raining Inormation, instruction and training provide employees with the skills and knowledge to perorm their work in a manner that is sae and without risks to health. It enables them to a. ollow health and saety procedures; b. use risk controls set in place or their protection; and c. have an appreciation o the nature o the hazard; the risks associated with their use; and the reason why risk controls are used. Managers, Supervisors Health and Saety Representatives and others who may be required to perorm risk assessments by agreement with management shall be trained in hazard identification risk assessment and control methods. Tey must be trained in the risk assessment process and be amiliar with i. the regulations associated with the hazard; ii. have a practical understanding o the work hazards; and iii. consult with the Health and Saety Representative.
18
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
APPENDIX A Examples of Workplace Hazards Te Hazard Identification listed is to assist in the identification o hazards in the work place. Tis table provides some additional explanation o the meaning o the hazard classifications. WORK ENVIRONMENT
Adequate Access Air Conditioning Confined Spaces emperature Extremes: a) Heat b) Cold Lighting Mental Stress Dehydration
Reers to adequate access to, rom and within the workplace Reers to uncontaminated air in the work space Means enclosed work space where people do not normally work (defined in standards) Tis includes contact with hot objects, hyperthermia, fire (Not explosions) Tis includes contact with cold objects and hypothermia Reers to adequate illumination or the particular work being done Includes bullying, workplace violence, shif work, excessive work loads Adequate water supply or the individuals while working
ENERGY
Electrical Gravity Kinetic Energy: a) Te body hitting objects b) Hit by moving objects c) Explosion d) Penetrating objects Vibration Acoustic/Noise Pressure
Includes contact with exposed wires and contact with high voltage Includes alls, trips and slips o persons as well as objects alling, working at heights Hitting objects with part o the body Being hit by moving objects but excluding alling objects An explosion may also include heat as a hazard Tis includes all objects that can penetrate including needles Includes vibration to parts or to the whole body Includes exposure to single, sudden sound or long term exposure Pressure in hydraulic and pneumatic systems
MECHANICAL
Vehicles Mobile and Fixed Plant
Being caught between, struck by or against vehicles (includes ork lifs) Being caught between, struck by or against plant (defined in legislation)
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
19
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
Powered Equipment Non-Powered Equipment
Includes electrical or uel powered equipment, tools and appliances Includes non-powered hand tools, appliances and equipment
MANUAL HANDLING
Muscular Stress a)
Lifing, carrying
b) Other handling c) Without handling d) Repetitive movement Ergonomics
Reers to muscular stress while lifing, carrying, or putting down objects Reers to muscular stress while handling objects other than above Reers to muscular stress with no objects being handled Reers to repetitive movement and low muscular loading Includes atigue, stress or errors due to workplace design
ANIMAL / INSECT
Bites/ Stings
Includes bites and stings rom animals and/or insects
BIOLOGICAL
Biological /Microbiological
Includes bacterial, ungal, viral, parasitic or human/animal tissue/fluids blood products
CHEMICAL
Reers to single or long term contact with chemicals
Flammable Corrosive oxic Oxidizers
Reers to chemicals which burn Reers to chemicals which will corrode tissue or metals Reers to chemicals which will poison a worker Reers to chemicals which will provide oxygen to a fire, or react readily Reers to gases which under high pressure
Compressed Gases IONIZING RADIATION
Reers to radioactive substances and radiation producing equipment like X-rays
OTHER RADIATION
Laser
Reers to coherent low divergent electromagnetic radiation. the Helium-Neon lasers used in the undergraduate Physics labs, or the laser pointers Ultraviolet Reers to electromagnetic radiation rom 180 nm to 400 nm Inrared Reers to electromagnetic radiation rom 700 nm to 1 mm Radiorequency Reers to electromagnetic radiation rom 100 kHz to 300 MHz
20
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
Microwave Electromagnetic Field
Reers to electromagnetic radiation rom 0.3GHz to 300 GHz Includes static magnetic fields and low requencies rom 0 to 100kHz. Te NMR magnets used in research laboratories. ELF magnetic fields induce electric fields in the body which result in current flows and heating in biological tissue.
ENVIRONMENTAL
Release Contamination
Atmosphere, sanitary sewer, storm sewer Ground water, resh water, soil
MAJOR EVENT/ACTIVITY OTHER EVENT/ACTIVITY
Includes events such as sporting or public events on or off campus
NATURAL EVENT/ ACTIVITY
Rain/Storm/Lightning/ Flooding
Preparation is the key to being able to address these issues
OTHER EVENT/ACTIVITY
Working Alone
Loss o personal security, unable to communicate with emergency services
PROPERTY EVENT/ACTIVITY
Structure Collapse Structure Damage System Component Water Damage Utility Disruption
Loss o building Wall crumbling Loss o monitoring system or suppression system Plumbing leak, Loss o essential services - gas, electricity, water
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
21
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
APPENDIX B Checklist for Workplace Hazard Examples EXAMPLES OF POENIALLY DAMAGING HAZARDS WORK ENVIRONMEN
MANUAL HANDLING
IONIZING RADIAION
Adequate Access Air Conditioning Confined Spaces emperature Extremes (including skin contact) Heat (inc. fire, flames) Cold Lighting Mental Stress Dehydration Falls, trips, slips etc. Falling objects Working at Heights Kinetic Energy Te body hitting objects Hit by moving objects Explosion Penetrating objects Vibration Pressure – pneumatic, hydraulic Acoustic/Noise
Muscular Stress Lifing, carrying Other handling Without handling Repetitive movement Ergonomics
Radioactive Materials
Microbiological Animal tissue/fluids Human tissue Human Blood and fluids Pathogenic Zoonotic
ENERGY
ENVIRONMENAL
Electrical Gravity
Air Release Sewer Release Release to Property
MECHANICAL
Vehicles Mobile and Fixed Plant Powered Equipment Non-Powered Equipment
22
•
CHEMICAL
Flammable oxic Corrosive Oxidizer Compressed Gases BIOLOGICAL
PROPERY
Structural Collapse Structural Damage Utility Failure Utility Disruption Water Damage
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
OHER YPES OF RADIAION
Laser Ultraviolet Inrared Radiorequency Microwave Electromagnetic Field MAJOR EVEN
Student activities unction Public event Violence Hold up Intoxicated students Firearms / Weapons Food Poisoning NAURAL
Lightning Rain Storm Flooding Sun Wind ANIMAL / INSEC
Bites/ Stings Research Animals OHER
Working Alone Remote location
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
C X I D N E P P A
/
: e t a D w e i v e R t x e N
) ) n M o . . . i R : t o a t n y O b i g . . . F d s e m e d o t r c , C u e ( : R d m n t a e a A o N C ( D
R I H
m r o F C R A R I H
: e t a D w e i v e R
) : n n o i o t i a t a n : c g y i o b : L d s e y / e d n , v a s e s o p : e r m t e c m p a o o r p N a C P A ( D
e t l a ) s o C d I e u t r t t P u a D n ( s o C d e k d l s s e i n r e o r u R m t n s o a e . m C 3 o M c e R
k s i R y t i r e v e S d o o h i l e k i L
s i s y l a n A k s i R k s i l ) . R y r 2 g o t n a n n f i o t i s ( i x C E
n o i t a c i f i t n e d I d r a z a H . 1
t c e ff e / e s u a c n a c h c i h W d r a z a H
y t k r i i o v t k W A . o N
•
1
2
3
4
5
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
23
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
e s e h t d a g l n b i t e t h u t c , g e e n n i a h h c a c o m t e s a h t l l o e t w n s . o a ) l e y e c l n a r l a a l p p u k d r g o e o r o w w e n r g u i n h o i c d a y a n i m o l e k s r h e o t d n w u i l r a l c t a n n i i i m k a i r o m s o w d t r n e i l e a r b i a a T c i . p l e e n r p i a o p h t c e a d b m e e t n o s w n s a o e s l s y c t a a u o m y r c e e l p s p g s T o . r n c d m a i t x o t a e o s u s e i w c t a t l T u e r e : c n p n e a o h i o p s t t r u e g d e a n l o k i r C p o o d ( a . w m e o W l a n : o n i x 1 w t u h e o d c a i d o n e r a m a m d k e a r n h o e t o e c t o W S A w o
D X I D N E P P A
24
•
) r o t a r e p O ( L . r M & M 7 0 0 s s i 2 y l M u , J ) r 8 o s 2 i o v t r e 7 0 p 0 u S 2 ( n S u . J r 4 M 2
/ e t l a ) s o C d u I r e t P t t u a D n ( s
. 2
. 1
) ) n M o . . . i R : t o a t n y O b i g . . . F d s e m e d o t r c , C u e ( : R d m n t a e a A o N C ( D
R I H
: e t a D w e i v e R
. t c e S l e n p t a n P / E g e 7 n r i 0 t ) u t 0 r t i u 2 e i c n g r a a l d u K n u o F o r . a J F M 5 2 W M ( 2 ) : n n o i o t i a t a n : c g y i o b : L d s e y / e d n , v a s e s o p : e r m t e c m p a o o r p N a C P A ( D
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
) 7 0 0 2 d t y e l e u l J p 6 2 m o ( y c d / n A
o C e v d o k e l g d l s s d e i n o r e t u n a h R m r r n s e o a . m e h t o 3 c C M l a e e R k s i R y t i r e v s e i s S y d l o o a h i n l e A k i L k
s i R k s i l ) . R y r 2 g o t n a n n f i o i t s ( i C x E
t c e ff e / e s u a c n a c h c i h W
n o i t a c i f i t n e d I d r d a a r z a H z a H y . t r i 1 k i o v t
k W A . o N
e s U ) w o L (
4
) 7 0 0 2 s s s e r o g g r O o p 6 2 n ( I a / i h C
d r a u g L x i F o ) m
u i 2 1 d e
M (
V I K / ) 7 0 0 2 s o g O 0 2 ( i l A
) 7 0 0 2 s d e o t g l e O p 8 1 m o ( c d a / m h A
r ; s e e d f i d l r a l l a b a u l c l i r g a e n t g L a s n h x n i o I c r e F t s o m e e s s U U
t r a t s y a n l e t o d t u e k a b m o
) 7 0 0 2 d s e t o e g l O p m 6 2 o c ( / u t u M
) m
)
)
h u w 6 i 2 g i 3 L o 1 1 d e H ( (
M (
1
3
3
1
4
4
4
4
3
4
r y l a l i a u g d , e r e c c d e i n t n a c a a k n r t c p e e n k h i a r o c m e w s e u a e r S p
, g n i n s i a e r l g ; g s o n g g i y s t e g a n S i n r a W
k r e r o u w d e e c a o S r e p ’ c n i g o t t n t c i u a r f i b p l l n a o ‘ u r n a e v o M C
y r u j n i e p y t d i a t s r fi / s t u C
/ s t r a p g n i t a t n o r i o t o t t n a i u t p h m g a u a c t e g d n a H
g n i t t g u n c i y g n fl r y i u b d s e k i a r u e r j b n i t a e y t e h s e & d s t a l u c b s o u s o t i r n e S e m g a r
t h g u o s i n c g i e a n n i p i t h d t k e e c g c a t r a a b & m t s / e i y n d s l i l t a l a r a r t b a t s m p n e r g a o i n d l r i c t u a c c s t a t s o u u r c M s i n u o i r e S
g n s e i t d t a u l C b
d e e d n i r a h c u a g n m U
s t n g n e i m y l F g a r
d a o l y v a e H
k e ; r e o e d s r n w i i a t h c e u c a g a r n a s p m U n u
d o e o w h t h t g i n w i d e a n i o L h c a m
e h t e g n i n h i t c a a r e p m O
d o o w t u c g n i d a o l n U
e h t d o e n n a e i r c h n i a a n c a p e m e t R i n a m
2
3
e c i t c a r p k r o w e a S
1
4
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
s o e t d e u l l b c a c n l i i k p r o p a w e r b i e t o n T y . a g n i m d e l l i u p b m a e x h e t s i o r T o : o n fl o i t t s r u a fi C t a ( . l l k a r w o w r o g i n r e i r t a x e e l t a c o k d r o d w n a g t n e i e r r e c t s a n o l c k p r o h o d t i w o w t g g d n n e i i r t r e c t e s u t a r s l t . a s p ) l i l n e l p s a c a r a w l o , p w k i r s m r e r r o t e o e w x k l e r t r a o p l l l p u o a w m y g e a n e n i W r k i x : h e 2 k t r r o o d o o w e i p g w r r k u n l a a i r n o t i r c o e m c g e e i s W S A r
) r e r e t s a l P ( R . r M & 7 0 S 0 . r 2 y l M , u J ) r 0 o s 3 i o v t r e 7 p 0 u S 0 2 ( n B u . J r M 4 2 ) ) n o . . . i M : t o a t y n R b g . . . i O d s e m e d F t o r c , e ( u : C d m e n t a R o N a A C ( D
R I l . H . l a p
/ e t l C d a ) s o I e u t r P u a t D t s n (
d e t e l p m o c
d e t e l p m o c
7 0 7 / s 0 u o g i t h p t O / e u 0 v a S M 2 R 2 ) 1 ) 2
d e t e l p m o c
e R
k s i R y t s i r i s e v e y S l a d n o o A h i l e k k i s L i R . k s i l ) 2 R o
. 1
: e t a D w e i v e R
y g r t n a n n f i o i t s ( C i x E t c e ff e / e s u a c n a c h c i h W
W t n r o E i . r g t n e x E E / n k o r ) i r t o e c 7 g W u 0 a r 0 t g n 2 s n a i i n r a o t M l e u C s J e J . t r a i l D S 5 3 P M ( 2
n o i t a c i f i t n d e r a d I z a H d r a y z t a i v i t H k . A 1 k r
) : n n o i o t i a t a n : c y i o b g : L d s e y / e d n , v a s e s o p : e r m t e c m p a o o r p N a C P A ( D
o W
. o N
•
/ e s a s s h e c g r r r u o p n p i o t 7 0 d y a l u m J h 6 A 2
7 0 7 0 y l y l u J u J 6 6 2 2 / / u u h t h t u u M M
d e t e l p m o c
7 / 0 y u l h u t J u 6 M 2
o C i d k k r A t e n r o s S o d J a , l s o s W r e i n o e e r fl e s f e o r o r g a u fl u e d R m t e n s p e S r n p h a u o d s . m o e u i d e l s b e k e C t 3 o c n o a c a a c M n p t s o r l
. 2
d e t e l p m o c
s e i t i l i s c r a a e l f i k n a g i n r a d l n a i t k n n a p o n i c h w r r d e m l l l l o n a a f e t t e s s l a d m i e x s n m p F e E P t I U p v e o p s u i r ) ) ) ) 1 2 P l s U 1 2 P ) ) ) ) m ) h h w u w i 0 2 0 g g o o i i l d 2 H 1 e ( 2 H l ( ( ( 3 3 m (
l o o t e s u , e v o l g r e h t a e l e s U ) w o l (
3
5
3
1
5
1
1
4
4
3
4
3
3
, g t e i n m p l e e e h e y k t e s u o a h S
, g n s e i o p e h s e k y e t s e u o a s H
e r u d e c o t r l e p b g y n t i e f i a l S l a u n a M
l a t a / y r u j n i d a e H
g e l n e k o r b / n o s r e p o l l a F
n i a l a p t a k c a / t B h / g n i i e a r h t s m r o r a l l u l c a s u F M
e t a r d y h e D
n r e v o e o n fl U
d e a v m o i r l t o c y e t v a a e l e H D p
r c e t e h j t b a e o w p r t a o h H S
d e d r r o a o u fl g n U
g n i k m r r o o w t a t l c e r p E
1
e t e r m r c o n o t c l a g p n o i t d n a o o L
2
l i l i N N
t u c r e g n i F
l a i r e t a m d e s u n u g n i r a e l C
g n i r e t s a l P
3
4
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
25
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
APPENDIX E Example of Hazard Identification echnique
A. Job Hazard Analysis Definition
Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) breaks a job or task into specific steps, analyzes each step or specific hazards, develops sae work procedures to eliminate or reduce those hazards, and integrates sae work procedures into saety and health programs. JHAs must be developed or each job or task. Supervisors and workers must complete the JHA together. Procedure
Basic Steps - Job Hazard Analysis is broken down into 6 major steps: a. Select the job task to be analyzed.
Prioritize which job tasks to analyze. Tose job tasks where accidents and injuries are occurring should be analyzed first. Look at job tasks where there is a potential or serious injury. Look at new job tasks, these are important i a new process requires the development o new procedures and job tasks b. Identify the major sequence of steps for each step (Specific job step Description).
Once a job task has been chosen, it must be broken down into logical steps. Limit the number o steps in a JHA to a manageable number. Most jobs can be described in ten or less steps. Te job steps must be kept in their proper sequence to ensure a proper analysis. Te opportunity to make recommendations will come later in the analysis. c. Identify the potential hazards for each step (Hazard Identification)
Once the job steps have been chosen, the potential hazards or each step can be identified. Whatever can go wrong may go wrong! What are the potential hazards as a result o each task step? Is the worker exposed to hazardous chemicals? Is the worker subject to poor workstation design? Tere may only be one, or there may be a large number or each job step. d. Determine preventative measures to protect against the hazards (Required Precautions)
i.
26
•
Te most important aspect o the job hazard analysis is to determine preventive measures to control or eliminate the identified hazards. What actions must be taken to control or eliminate the hazard?
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
ii. Eliminate the Hazard - Substitute with less hazardous substance/ material iii. Contain/Enclose the Hazard - Use a ume hood or proper shielding iv. Revise Sae Work Procedures - Adding additional steps v. Reduce Worker Exposure - Tis is the least effective option in most cases, but may have to be used when permanent work process change is impossible or impracticable. Examples o this option include job rotation, where worker exposure is reduced, and the provision o personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers. e. Develop a worker-training program
Reormat the job hazard analysis into a training program to help the employee eliminate or reduce hazards. f.
Re-evaluation
Re-evaluate the job descriptions and modiy the job hazard analysis’ accordingly
B. Example - Job Hazard Analysis a. Selecting Jobs for Analysis
A job hazard analysis can be perormed or all jobs in the workplace, whether the job task is “special” (non-routine) or routine. Even one-step jobs—such as those in which only a button is pressed—can and perhaps should be analyzed by evaluating surrounding work conditions. o determine which jobs should be analyzed first, review your job injury and illness reports. Obviously, a job hazard analysis should be conducted first or jobs with the highest rates o disabling injuries and illnesses. Also, jobs where “close calls” or “near misses” have occurred should be given priority. Analyses o new jobs and jobs where changes have been made in processes and procedures should ollow. Eventually, a job hazard analysis should be conducted and made available to employees or all jobs in the workplace. b. Involve the Employee
Once you have selected a job or analysis, discuss the procedure with the employee perorming the job and explain its purpose. Point out that you are studying the job itsel, not checking on the employee’s job perormance. Involve the employee in all phases o the analysis—rom reviewing the job steps and procedures to discussing potential hazards and recommended solutions. You also should talk to other workers who have perormed the same job.
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
27
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
c. Conducting the Job Hazard Analysis
Beore actually beginning the job hazard analysis, take a look at the general conditions under which the job is perormed and develop a checklist. Below are some sample questions you might ask i. Are there materials on the floor that could trip a worker? ii. Is lighting adequate? iii. Are there any live electrical hazards at the jobsite? iv. Are there any chemical, physical, biological, or radiation hazards associ ated with the job or likely to develop? v. Are tools—including hand tools, machines, and equipment - in need o repair? vi. Is there excessive noise in the work area, hindering worker communication or causing hearing loss? vii. Are job procedures known and are they ollowed or modified? viii. Are emergency exits clearly marked? ix. Are trucks or motorized vehicles properly equipped with brakes, overhead guards, backup signals, horns, steering gear, and identification, as necessary? x. Are all employees operating vehicles and equipment properly trained and authorized? xi. Are employees wearing proper personal protective equipment or the jobs they are perorming? xii. Have any employees complained o headaches, breathing problems, dizziness, or strong odors? xiii. Is ventilation adequate, especially in confined or enclosed spaces? xiv. Have tests been made or oxygen deficiency and toxic umes in confined spaces beore entry? xv. Are work stations and tools designed to prevent back and wrist injuries? xvi. Are employees trained in the event o a fire, explosion, or toxic gas release? 28
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
Naturally this list is by no means complete as each worksite has its own requirements and environmental conditions. You should add your own questions to the list. Photographs, i appropriate, may be used in creating a more detailed analysis o the work environment. d. Breaking the Job Down
Nearly every job can be broken down into job tasks or steps. In the first part o the job hazard analysis, list each step o the job in order o occurrence as you watch the employee perorming the job. Be sure to record enough inormation to describe each job action, but do not make the breakdown too detailed. Later, go over the job steps with the employee. e. Identifying Hazards
Afer you have recorded the job steps, next examine each step to determine the hazards that exist or that might occur. Ask yoursel these kinds o questions: i. Is the worker wearing personal protective clothing and equipment, including saety harnesses that are appropriate or the job? ii. Are work positions, machinery, pits or holes, and hazardous operations adequately guarded? iii. Are lockout procedures used or machinery deactivation during mainte nance procedures? iv. Is the worker wearing clothing or jewelry that could get caught in the machinery or otherwise cause a hazard? v. Are there fixed objects that may cause injury, such as sharp machine edges? vi. Is the flow o work improperly organized (e.g., Is the worker required to make movements that are too rapid)? vii. Can the worker get caught in or between machine parts? viii. Can the worker be injured by reaching over moving machinery parts or materials? ix. Is the worker at any time in an off-balance position? x. Is the worker positioned to the machine in a way that is potentially dangerous? xi. Is the worker required to make movements that could lead to or cause hand or oot injuries, or strain rom lifing— the hazards o repetitive motions? •
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
29
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
xii. Can the worker be struck by an object or lean against or strike a machine part or object? xiii. Can the worker all rom one level to another? xiv. Can the worker be injured rom lifing or pulling objects, or rom carrying heavy objects? xv. Do environmental hazards—dust, chemicals, radiation, welding rays, heat, or excessive noise—result rom the perormance o the job? Repeat the job observation as ofen as necessary until all hazards have been identified.
30
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
C. Worked example Job Hazard Analysis Cleaning Inside Surface of Chemical ank - op Manhole Entry
SEP
HA Z A RD
RE QU IR EMEN S
1. Determine what is in the tank, what process is going on in the tank, and what hazards this can pose.
Improper oxygen level Chemical exposure Gas, dust, vapor irritant, toxic Liquid - irritant, toxic, corrosive, heated Solid - irritant, corrosive Moving blades/ equipment
Establish confined space entry procedures (Code o Practice or confine space). • Obtain work permit signed by safety, maintenance, and supervisors. • Test air by qualied person. • Ventilate to 19.5% -23.5% oxygen and less than 10% LEL o any flammable gas. Steaming inside o tank, flushing and draining, then ventilating, as previously described, may be required. • Provide appropriate respiratory equipment - SCBA or air line respirator. • Provide protective clothing for head, eyes, body, and eet. • Provide harness and lifeline. (Reference: ......). • Tanks should be cleaned from outside, if possible.
2. Select and train operators.
Operator with respiratory or heart problem; other physical limitation. Untrained operator - ailure to perorm task
• Examination by industrial physician for suitability to work. • Train operators. • Dry run. (Reference: ......).
3. Set up equipment
Hoses, cord, equipment - tripping hazards. Electrical - voltage too high, exposed conductors. Motors not locked out and tagged.
• Arrange hoses, cords, lines, and equipment in orderly ashion, with room to manoeuvre saely. • Use ground-fault circuit interrupter. • Lockout and tag mixing motor, if present.
4. Install ladder in tank.
Ladder slipping.
• Secure to manhole top or rigid structure.
5. Prepare to enter tank.
Gas or liquid in tank.
Empty tank through existing piping. • Review emergency procedures. • Open tank. • Check of jobsite by industrial hygienist or safety proessional. • Install blanks in anges in piping to tank (isolate tank). • Test atmosphere in tank by qualied person (long probe).
•
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•
31
• Guidelines for Hazard Identication, Risk Assessment and Risk Control •
S EP 6. Place equipment at tank-entry position.
HA Z AR D rip or all.
•
Use mechanical-handling equipment. • Provide guardrails around work positions at tank top. • Provide personal protective equipment for conditions ound. (Reerence:......). • Provide outside helper to watch, instruct, and guide operator entering tank, with capability to lif operator rom tank in emergency.
7. Enter tank.
32
REQUI RE MEN S
8. Cleaning tank.
Reaction to chemicals, causing mist or expulsion o air contaminant.
Provide protective clothing and equipment or all operators and helpers. • Provide lighting for tank (Class I, Div. 1). • Provide exhaust ventilation. • Provide air supply to interior of tank. • Frequent monitoring of air in tank. • Replace operator or provide rest periods. • Provide means of communication to get help, if needed. • Provide tow-man standby for any emergency.
9. Cleaning up.
Handling o equipment, causing injury.
Dry run. • Use material-handling equipment.
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
•