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ABSTRACT Attached to a construction company that is building a building located at Semenyih,
Selangor and Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) has been carried out at the construction site. As known, construction industry is one of the industries that have been classified as the highest number that contribute to the accident and resulted fatal. This report aims to identify the hazard and risk assessment for the most critical hazard and recommend control measures and review measures for the construction and to archive the above objectives, the methods used to identify the hazard is by observation and risk assessment in the workplace. The results of above methods, the risk of the most critical safety hazards in at the site is crushed by heavy object while the most critical health hazard is exposed to extreme temperature(heat). Measure to control the risk of both hazards is suggested is based on hierarchy of control which is elimination, substitution, isolation, engineering controls, administrative controls and last but not least personal protective equipment’s (PPE)
to minimize, reduce and control the exposure
towards the hazards. Risk work activities interpreted by using risk tables (qualitative) and schedule risk assessment matrix (quantitative).
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INTRODUCTION
2.1 COMPANY BACKGROUND S.N. Akmida Holding SDN BHD (SNAH) was incoperated in October 1984. SNAH is actively involved as a contractor in the Civil, Infrastructure and building construction. SNAH currently holds class G7 contractor license of CIDB Malaysia. SNAH also a PKK(G7) Bumiputra Status contractor and is credited with the government as fully 100% Bumiputra contractor. The company has completed and undertake projects worth more than RM880 million from both the government and private sectors. A full list of projects and the relevant details are available in the next page. With the current project banking facilities amounting of RM68 million and technical expertise more than 30 engineers, SNAH is now ready to explore and take up new challenges in the construction industry. SNAH has been awarded ISO9001:2000 Quality Management System certificates in 2006 and upgraded to ISO9001:2008 in early 2009 of recognition to our quality management system in the construction industry. Total of 6 months were taken for my internship program at one of the site that SNAH Company have which is at Town Park 6, Bandar Tun Hussein Onn, Cheras, Selangor. I was directed to the site that construct a condominium. UDA LAND SDN BHD is the client for build the condominium. Most of the time I was observing my supervisor conduct his task and gained some experience from it. Then, they teach us the way of the safety and health at construction
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2.2 ORGANIZATION CHART
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2.3 COMPANY POLICY (QESH Policy) S.N.Akmida, is place the highest priority on quality service, care for health, safety and environment as well as welfare of all their employees, clients, suppliers and subcontractors. During the execution of all activities in Engineering, Procurement, and Construction, It is our policy to implement an effective, efficient and auditable management system to ensure that
We are identified in the industry as a provider of quality products and services that are cost effective, technologically advanced in compliance with our client’s requirement with standard accuracy.
We provide a safe and productive work environment where people work together towards common objectives effectively, efficiently and with pleasure.
We design and build facilities that are safe and environmentally sound and our work processes, actions and attitudes are geared towards prevention from pollution and avoidance of all circumstances that could cause personal injury, illness and negative impact on the natural environment. In order to achieve such objective, the system will be structured in accordance with ISO 9001 and implemented in accordance with the applicable local laws and regulations.
We will strive for continuous improvement of our performance in all quality, health, safety and environmental aspects through proactive planning, awareness, creative thinking, openness and dialogue with all stakeholders and involved parties to be consistent with the alteration may be occurred. We recognize that achievement of this policy depends on the personal commitment and input of each individual in all levels. The management level personnel have a special responsibility and shall lead by example to ensure that this policy is thoroughly communicated and substantially implemented.
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2.4 OVERALL WORK PROCESS
SITE CEARLANCE
SETTING OUT
EXCAVATION
STRUCTURE WORK
PILING WORK
ARCHITECT & M&E
INFRASTRUCTURE HAND OVER 5
2.5 SELECTED WORK PROCESS ( PILING )
MACHINE MOBILIZATION MACHINE MOBILIZATION
INJECTING PILE
WELDING JOINT
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2.6 HAZARD IDNETIFICATION
WORK PROCESS MACHINE MOBILISATION
HAZARD 1.
STRUCK BY MOVING MACHINE
1.
FLYING FRAGMENT
2.
EXCESSIVE NOISE
3.
DUST
4.
CRUSHED BY FALLING OBJECT
INJECTING OF PILE
1. RADIATION WELDING JOINT
2. .HEAT
3. AKWARD POSTURE
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3 OBJECTIVE The objective or aim of this HIRARC assignment are; To implement HIRARC Identifying the safety and health hazard in the workplace. To assess the risk arising from the nature of the workplace. To propose and give the recommendation by using the hierarchy of control. To find out the 5 safety hazard and 3 health hazard through the work activity. To get the risk rating by using the formula (likelihood X
severity).
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4 METHODOLOGY Methodology is the method that helps to accumulate all the information for the findings. Information about the work process, the potential risk and any existing hazard at the workplace. In this assignment, there are 3 types of methodology were used which are interview, observation, risk assessment steps, severity table, likelihood table and risk rating table. Hazard Identification Process Hazard identification process is the first step in the risk management process. Hazard is defined as anything that can cause harm to the workers, property of company, and environment. The purpose of identifying hazards is to determine any situation in the workplace that has the potential to harm the safety and health of people and damage the plant. The method that used to be obtaining data of the hazard in this report was; I.
Interview
Interview one of the staff has given any related information regarding the work process and the whole information about existing risk and potential hazards. The interview session was asking about; • • • • • •
The company background Any incident/accident have occurred Work process Work activity Any assessment have been made before Any existing control by the management
II.
Observation
Observed the workstation area and the work process to identify existing risk and potential hazards. The observation such as: • • • •
Observe the workplace Observe the work activities Observe any potential hazard Observe the lack of safety
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III. Risk Assessment Risk assessment is usually conducted after a hazard identification process. The risk assessment consist the calculation of risk rating which is related to the hazard during the work process. . Hazard can be categorized into 2 types, safety hazard and health hazard. Safety hazard is hazard that can harm us in form of physical contact and can cause injury and property damages. Health hazard is hazard that can impose our health through the route of entries of human and can develop the occupational illnesses and poisoning in prolong time. With this types of hazard, we can assess through the risk rating method whether it impose to our safety and health or not during the working Process. Due to a big company, there is no record review was made. It is because this company did not have any record about any incident occurred to the workers. This company also never has any risk assessment. That is why three methods is more suitable and applicable for this assessment.
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Likelihood Table
Severity Table
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Risk Matrix
Risk Description
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EXAMPLE OF RISK ASSESMENT FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH HAZARD Safety Hazard Hazard Carry a heavy
Effect -Bone fracture
bag of cement
at shoulder.
To get the value and rating base on the observation or review the document record of the company. Refer the likelihood table.
Likelihood 5
Severity 4
Risk Level 20
Frequent
Major
Incident
Lost time
happened more
injuries or
than 1 time in
illness (5 or
a year.
more MC)
Severity table normally to show the impact based on each value and ranking. Refer the severity table.
Very High
Risk level is the result from likelihood and severity. Formula to get risk rating or level is Likelihood X Severity = Risk Rating Normally the recommendation based on the action table
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5 HIRARC TABLE
1. NO
1
HAZARD INDETIFICATION
WORK ACTIVITI
HAZARD
WHICH CAN CAUSE / EFFECT
2. EXISTING RISK CONTROL ( IF ANY)
MACHINE
STRUCK BY
FATAL /
HANDLE BY COMPETENT
MOBILISATION
MOVING
PERMANENT
PERSON
MACHINE
DISABILITY
RISK ANALYSIS
3.
RISK CONTROL
4.
RISK RATING
Likelihood Severity Risk
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CONTROL MEASURE/
LAW & REGULATION
RECOMMENDATION 2
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administrative Control -ensure the machine was handle by a competent person -Place signalman to give direction and communicate with operator directly
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FLYING
SCRATCH
2
2
4
FRAGMENT
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -provide protective clothing -Provide PPE such as safety helmet and safety boot
EXCESSIVE NOISE 2
HEARRING DAMAGE
3
3
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administrative Control -job rotation -increase length of frequent break Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -provide suitable PPE like ear muff, ear plug
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3
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Engineering Control -install water spray
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMNET
INJECTING OF PILE DUST
LUNG DAMAGE
CRUSHED BY
FATAL
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
Administrative Control -job rotation -increase length of frequent break Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -provide suitable PPE like face mask
EQUIPMNET
3 FALLING / HEAVY OBJECT
4
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Isolation -Provide barricade to avoid other worker to enter piling work site -Place warning sign to inform other worker that piling work are being caried out Engineering Control -Service the lump frequently Administrative Control -Provide training to all worker -Ensure person that handle piling machine is a competence person Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -Provide proper PPE like safety helmet, safety boot and etc
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RADIATION
HEAT
ARC FLASHES MAY
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
DAMAGE EYE
EQUIPMNET
DEHYDRATION
-JOB ROTATION
2
3
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -provide welding mask or google
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3
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Engineering Control -Reduce the temperature and humidity through air cooling -Provide cool, shaded work areas -Provide air-conditioned rest area - Increase air movement if temperature is below 35°C (e.g., use fans) Administrative Control -Employer should assess the demands of all jobs and have monitoring and control strategies in place for hot days and hot workplaces -Increase the frequency and length of rest breaks -Schedule strenuous jobs to cooler times of the day -Provide cool drinking water near workers and remind them to drink a cup about every 20 minutes, or more frequently, to stay hydrated Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -Provide proper PPE like protective clothing -Influence worker to wear light summer clothing should be worn to allow free air movement and sweat evaporation.
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2
4
Administrative Control -provide training to worker
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMNET
3
WELDING JOINT
AKWARD POSTURE
BACK PAIN
Administrative Control -provide training to worker
-frequent break
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6.1
The Critical Hazard
Critical hazard is defined as the hazard which poses the highest risk rating in the Hazard identification, Risk analysis and Risk control of HIRARC FORM. This is to identify by calculating the risk which is likelihood multiply severity. In order to identify the value of the risk, use the risk matrix table to know the value lies at what stage and use risk rating table to determine the range of the hazard. They are two types of critical hazards such as safety critical hazard and health critical hazard. Most critical safety hazard Work activity: Injecting pile (crushed by heavy object) Engineering Control -Provide barricade to avoid other worker to enter piling work site -Place warning sign to inform other worker that piling work are being caried out Administrative Control -Provide training to all worker -Ensure person that handle piling machine is a competence person Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -Provide proper PPE like safety helmet, safety boot and etc
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Most critical health hazard Work activity: Welding Joint (heat) Engineering Control -Reduce the temperature and humidity through air cooling -Provide cool, shaded work areas -Provide air-conditioned rest area - Increase air movement if temperature is below 35°C (e.g., use fans) Administrative Control -Employer should assess the demands of all jobs and have monitoring and control strategies in place for hot days and hot workplaces -Increase the frequency and length of rest breaks -Schedule strenuous jobs to cooler times of the day -Provide cool drinking water near workers and remind them to drink a cup about every 20 minutes, or more frequently, to stay hydrated Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -Provide proper PPE like protective clothing -Influence worker to wear light summer clothing should be worn to allow free air movement and sweat evaporation.
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Benefit and conclusion Construction site is high risk workplace where the hazard everywhere and anytime can happen. Hazard identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control can be used to control and eliminate the hazard at the workplace. Any person who exits the construction site must get working permit from authority person such as site supervisor or safety and health officer (SHO). Others than that, SHO and management need to know how to communicate and cooperate with the workers, sub-contractor and client at the construction site. The instruction must be clear and receive by everybody in site work. In conclusion, HIRARC procedures can identify the hazard thoroughly form the process of the work. After identification process, the risk assessment can be conduct to determine the risk rating base on the work activity and hazard come from it. The highest risk rating must be prevent first to reduce the number of accident occur. After that, the appropriate control measure must be implemented in order to increase the safety measurement during conducting works. Although the existing control measure is given, the efficiency and effectiveness of the existing control measures is not appropriate due to the hazard occur during the works process
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Hazard identification and risk assessment will beneficial to the employer : - Recognize and control hazards in the workplace.
Training
Inspections
Work procedures
Planned maintenance of equipment and structures
Ensuring sufficient and competent supervision
- Create awareness among the employee – and use it as training tool as well. - Set risk management standards (OSHAS 18001 & ISO 1900), based on on acceptable safe practices and legal requirement. (OSHA 1994 & FMA 1967) - Reduce incidents in the workplace by creating safety culture among the workers. - Save costs by being proactive instead of reactive.
Reduce medical bills, compensation cost, retrain new workers and repair damage property.
Hazard identification and risk assessment will beneficial to the employee :
They will work more confident in the work place
Absenteeism among the workers will not occur.
Workers will trust to the employer who that concern about the safety and health and welfare.
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