S]SKZNB PHBOJZC FC EK COWZC]K_ PFnrcmmnýh fc ek mbopkûïk_
PVÏVSEB FCE FBMSOCHVB_
P]SJVÏVSEB FCE FBMSOCHVB_ ;
KSVBZ
Dcrjcrt Brî Jcesuzkrrn
O1.O1. fc ek Lrkh Eblnk Mbhstntumnbhke fc ebs KK1. EE1. y KK1. Oksbhcs fc ek Zcpñjenmk fce Wcrñ. Lrkh Ceclnfb Wcricmtb y ]ujenoc Oksýh ;6· ]uprcob Mbhscab Dnspkhb Mbhicfcrkfb fce Lrkfb TTTNNN pkrk ek Zcpñjenmk fce Wcrñ. Wktrnkrmk Lrkh Mbhscrvkfbr ==· Lrkh Brfch Clnpmnb fce Lrkh Brnchtc fc Irkhmnk ;49:, Zntb Khtnlub y Wrnontnvb fc Ocopdns - Onsrkno, ]bjcrkhb Lrkh Mbhscab. Kutbr y csmrntbr fc enjrbs, krtïmuebs y obhblrkiïks quc sc pujenmkh ch fnicrchtcs ocfnbs. :
EK OK]BHCZÏK, CE HSOCZB FC BZB ^ CE VZNKHLSEB FBZKFB. Ce ―In‟, tkojnîh mbhbmnfb mbob ce hñocrb fc brb, cs uhb fc ebs mbhmcptbs
oktcoëtnmbs quc cxprcsk uhk rcekmnýh fc prbpbrmnýh, su hbojrc sc fnb ch dbhbr ke csmuetbr lrnclb Infnks, y kpkrcmc uhk y btrk vcz enlkfbs k ek hkturkeczk y ce krtc, mbopntnchfb mbh ―Wn‟ ch pbpuekrnfkf y kpenmkmnbhcs.
Ce hñocrb ëurcb b ek prbpbrmnýh ëurck sc cstufnkrbh fcsfc ek khtnlõcfkf, yk quc kpkrcmc rcluekrochtc ch lcboctrïk. ]c mbhbmc yk fc su cxnstchmnk ch ebs pchtëlbhbs rcluekrcs y pchtëmuebs fc eks tkjectks suocrnks fc kercfcfbr fce =,:77 k.M. Ek kpenmkmnýh prëmtnmk fc cstk prbpbrmnýh pbr ebs suocrnbs dk snfb pbmb mbhbmnfk, snh cojkrlb ce Krquntcmtb Mkrebs Mkevnobhtcs, cstufnbsbs fc ek oktcrnk dk prbiuhfnzkfb ce cstufnb sbjrc s bjrc ceek1 Ce fcsmujrnonchtb fc eks prbpbrmnbhcs khtrbpboîtrnmks sc rckenzý ch ek csmueturk fc Lufck scfchtc, mbhbmnfk mbob Ce Krquntcmtb fce Wekhb (KB :), mbhscrvkfk ch ek ]kek fc Khtnlõcfkfcs Brnchtkecs fce Ouscb fce Ebuvrc quc, chtrc btrks fc îe fc eks oumdks csmueturks quc sc ec dnmncrbh, sc chmuchtrk kmbopkûkfk pbr Ce Krquntcmtb mbh Zclek. Fc Lufck (ce ―eekokfb‟), nopbrtkhtc pcrsbhkac fce Zchkmnonchtb fc fc ]uocr, lbjcrhkfbr fc Eklksd (:;6;-:;:: k. M.), sc dk fnmdb oumdb, nhmeusb quc iuc uh fnbs. Cs ce prnocr lrkh krquntcmtb fc qunch sc dk fbmuochtkfb su cxnstchmnk, y dk snfb ce dbojrc oës rctrktkfb fc ek khtnlõcfkf. Keluhbs fc ebs eblrbs ebs eblrbs mnchtïinmbs y tcmhbeýlnmbs fc ek mueturk ocsbpbtëonmk ocsbpbtëonmk iucrbh kprbpnkfbs pbr ebs lrnclbs y ibrokh pkrtc fce pktrnobhnb mboñh fc ek duokhnfkf, pcrb ce rcstb pcrokhcmný pcrokhcmný bmuetb bmuetb pbr pbr oës fc vcnhtc vcnhtc snlebs. Ch ce kûb ;,4<<, ;,4<<, Crhcst fc ]krzcm, mýhsue fc Irkhmnk ch Jkzbrk, iuc i uc nhibrokfb sbjrc ce dkeekzlb fc cstktuks cs tktuks ch Vceeb (Lnrsu), y ch ce tcee fce eulkr fcsmujrný k ek mueturk suocrnk y ch ;,44; k Ce =
Krquntcmtb fce Wekhb (Mkrebs Mkevnobhtcs, Ce Hñocrb fc Brb ch ce
Vcstnobhnb fc Lufck). Ch ce khtnlub Clnptb fc okhcrk snonekr tkojnîh crk mbhbmnfb cstk prbpbrmnýh, ksï hbs fnmc Dcrbfbtb1 "Ek supcrinmnc fc mkfk mkrk trnkhluekr cs ek onsok quc ek fc uh mukfrkfb muybs ekfbs scrïkh pekhbs k ek keturk fc ek pnrëonfc‟.
Chnlok quc sc pucfc rcsbevcr iëmneochtc1 ek pnrëonfc tnchc uhk jksc mukfrkfk fc ekfb mbob :, su keturk cs D, tnchc k îe kpbtcok b ek keturk fce trnëhlueb fc uhk mkrk.
Ch ek khtnluk Lrcmnk sc utnenzý pkrk cstkjecmcr eks prbpbrmnbhcs fc ebs tcopebs, tkhtb ch su pekhtk mbob ch sus ikmdkfks. Wbr kquce chtbhmcs hb rcmnjïk hnhlñh hbojrc cspcmnke, yk quc crk kelb tkh ikonenkr chtrc ebs khtnlubs lrnclbs quc "ek fnvnsnýh fc uh sclochtb ch ocfnk cxtrcok y rkzýh" crk mbhbmnfk lchcrkeochtc mbob "ek scmmnýh". Ch ce Wkrtchýh, Infnks tkojnîh eb kpenmý ch ek mbopbsnmnýh fc eks ek s csmueturks. (ek fchbonhkmnýh In, pbr scr ek prnocrk ectrk fc su hbojrc, ek cicmtuý ch ;,>77 ce oktcoëtnmb Okr` Jkrr ch su dbhbr). 6
Wektýh, mbhsnfcrý ek scmmnýh ëurck mbob ek ocabr fc tbfks eks rcekmnbhcs oktcoëtnmks y ek eekvc k ek iïsnmk fce mbsobs. Ek scmmnýh ëurck sc usý oumdb ch ce Zchkmnonchtb, pkrtnmuekrochtc ch eks krtcs peëstnmks y ek krquntcmturk. ]c mbhsnfcrkjk ek prbpbrmnýh pcricmtk chtrc ebs ekfbs fc uh rcmtëhlueb.
Fk Ynhmn dnzb eks neustrkmnbhcs pkrk uhk fnscrtkmnýh pujenmkfk pbr Eumk Wkmnben ch ;37> tntuekfk Fc Fnvnhk Wrbpbrtnbhc, qunzës ek rcicrchmnk oës tcoprkhk ch ek entcrkturk k btrb fc sus hbojrcs, ce fc "Fnvnhk Wrbpbrmnýh". Cstc enjrb mbhtnchc ebs fnjuabs dcmdbs pbr Ecbhkrfb fk Ynhmn fc ebs mnhmb sýenfbs pektýhnmbs. Cs prbjkjec quc q uc iucrk Ecbhkrfb qunch fncrk pbr prnocrk vcz ce hbojrc fc scmtnb ëurck. Ch ;3:3, ;3 :3, Kejcrtb Furcrb pujenmk Nhstrummnýh sbjrc ek ocfnfk mbh rclek y mbopës fc inlurks pekhks y sýenfks fbhfc fcsmrnjc mýob trkzkr mbh rclek y mbopës ek cspnrke jkskfk ch ek scmmnýh ëurck, quc sc mbhbmc mbob ―cspnrke fc Furcrb‟.
Ebs krtnstks fc Zchkmnonchtb utnenzkrbh ek scmmnýh ëurck tkhtb ch pnhturk, csmueturk mbob krquntcmturk pkrk eblrkr ce cqunenjrnb y ek jceeczk. Ecbhkrfb 3
fk Ynhmn, pbr cacopeb, ek utnenzý pkrk fcinhnr tbfks eks prbpbrmnbhcs iuhfkochtkecs ch su pnhturk Ek ñetnok mchk, fcsfc eks fnochsnbhcs fc ek ocsk, dkstk ek fnspbsnmnýh fc Mrnstb y ebs fnsmïpuebs schtkfbs, ksï mbob eks prbpbrmnbhcs fc eks pkrcfcs y vchtkhks ke ibhfb. Ecbhkrfb fk Ynhmn, ch su mukfrb fc ek Lnbmbhfk (b Obhk Ensk) utnenzý rcmtëhluebs ëurcbs pkrk peksokr ce rbstrb fc Obhk Ensk. ]c pucfch ebmkenzkr oumdbs fctkeecs fc su rbstrb, copczkhfb pbrquc ce onsob rbstrb sc chmukfrk ch uh rcmtëhlueb ëurcb.
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Ce kstrýhbob Abdkhhcs @cpecr (;3<;-;9=7), fcsmujrnfbr fc ek hkturkeczk ceïptnmk fc eks ýrjntks fc ebs pekhctks kercfcfbr fce ]be, ochmnbhý tkojnîh ek fnvnhk prbpbrmnýh1 ―Ek lcboctrïk tnchc fbs lrkhfcs tcsbrbs1 uhb cs ce
tcbrcok fc Wntëlbrks0 ce btrb, ek fnvnsnýh fn vnsnýh fc uhk eïhck chtrc ce cxtrcob y su prbpbrmnbhke. Ce prnocrb eb pbfcobs mbopkrkr k uhk ocfnfk fc brb0 ce scluhfb eb fcjcobs fchbonhkr uhk abyk prcmnbsk‟. ^, mrcychtc mbob crk
fnab1 "hb mkjc fufk fc quc Fnbs cs uh lrkh oktcoëtnmb". Eks mukenfkfcs fce Hñocrb fc Brb, ce Vrnëhlueb Fbrkfb, cstëh ch eks fnvcrsks okhnicstkmnbhcs fc ek Hkturkeczk y ch ek mrckmnýh duokhk. Ce hñocrb fbrkfb b ―in‟ iuc mbhbmnfb ch ]uocrnk, Clnptb, Nhfnk, Mchtrb
Koîrnmk, Mdnhk y Wcrñ. ^ hkturkeochtc eks kpenmkrbh ch eks fnvcrsks mbhstrummnbhcs quc ksbojrkh dkstk dby. Eks prbpbrmnbhcs kroýhnmks fc eks mbhstrummnbhcs krquntcmtýhnmks ebs pbfcobs dkeekr ch ek Wucrtk fce ]be fc Vnkdukhkmb mbob ch ek Mktcfrke fc Oneëh, ch ebs tcopebs okyks, mkrkenhbs, clnpmnbs, suocrnbs, nhfnbs, mdnhbs y btrbs, sc rcvcekh cspbhtëhckochtc pbr ce fnscûb mbh cxmcechmnk cstîtnmk y/b cstrumturke b sc okhnincstk pbr couekmnýh fc prbpbrmnbhcs cxnstchtcs ch ek hkturkeczk nontkhfb pbr cacopeb eks mbhmdks fc ebs lkstcrýpbfbs.
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MBHINLSZKMNÝH Ce Vrnëhlueb Fbrkfb cs ce quc rcñhc ce mbhauhtb fc mukenfkfcs cschmnkecs fce Hñocrb fc Brb1 îe onsob, su nhvcrsb y su mukfrkfb0 y, kfcoës, hb sc fcrnvk fc hnhluhk btrk inlurk lcboîtrnmk. Vnchc fc keturk I ( ;,9;47==>4>... ) y fc jksc ;/ I ;/ I (7,9;47==>4>... ) . Ek rkzýh chtrc ek keturk fce Vrnëhlueb y su jksc cs I :(:,9;47==>4>...). ]n ek jksc sc nlukek k ; ek keturk cs I : Wbr eb tkhtb, sc trktk fce Vrnëhlueb Fbrkfb pbr cxmcechmnk, inlurk lcboîtrnmk pkrkfnloëtnmk pbr sus kroýhnmks prbpbrmnbhcs.
Ce trnëhlueb fbrkfb cs uh nsýsmcecs muybs ekfbs nlukecs vkech Iº y su jksc I0 snh cojkrlb, cstk inlurk cs uh prbfumtb fc ek mbhinlurkmnýh fce pchtëlbhb, quc mbob cs skjnfb, cstë kjsbeutkochtc kjsbe utkochtc fcinhnfb pbr I ch tbfks sus pkrtcs y inlurks fcrnvkfks. Cstc trnëhlueb fbrkfb tnchc mbob ekfbs nlukecs k fbs fc eks fnklbhkecs fce pchtëlbhb y su jksc cs uh ekfb fc cstc.
4
(Mkevnobhtcs Zbaks, Mkrebs).
>
(Mkevnobhtcs Zbaks, Mkrebs).
;7
Abscp Jkucr ke cstufnkr uhk fc eks inlurks inlurks suocrnks dkeeb eb snlunchtc1
Vkeekfb suocrnb mbh uh rbstrb ouy pkrtnmuekr.
^b nhscrtc chmnok fc ek mkrk uhk cspnrke trkzkfb mbh ek rkzýh kurck y mbnhmnfc cxkmtb mbh ek lcboctrïk fc cstk mkrk ;;
^ pbr cstk rkzýh kinrok1 ]c csmbhfný, pbrquc ek rcvcekmnýh fc kelñh scmrctb cstktke b fc ek nlecsnk b fc uhk skjnfurïk nopbrtkhtc, nopbrtkhtc, crk prbdnjnfk prbdnjnfk y ouetkfk mbh ek oucrtc. Vkojnîh sc mrcî, quc keluhbs fcsmujrnonchtbs fcsmujrnonchtbs tcmhbeýlnmbs hb crkh tbfkvïk pkrk ek lchtc mboñh. Wkrk hb pcrfcreks ch ce tncopb, sc csmbhfný chtbhmcs, kelb ch bjrks, quc pbr su vkebr sc njk k munfkr y skevkr fc mktëstrbics, dkstk eeclkr ke obochtb austb fc su hucvb fcsmujrnonchtb, b fc su mboprchsnýh. mboprchsnýh. Ksï oc pkrcmc, pksb mbh cstk csmueturk ch pncfrk fc uh pcrsbhkac fc inmmnýh, ch ek îpbmk fc ebs suocrnbs. Cs fcmnr, cs uhk krtc dcmdb dkmc muktrb one kûbs y oumdbs kûbs khtcs fc Cumenfcs, oktcoëtnmb y ineýsbib lrnclb. Oumdbs kûbs khtcs fc Zchî Fcsmkrtc, quc fcsmujrný btrk vcz ibroueks csmbhfnfb, bevnfkfb onecs kûbs fcspuîs. Wcrb kdï dky fbs scmrctbs. Fc fbhfc tnchc cstc csmuetbr sus mbhbmnonchtbs oktcoëtnmbs fc uh fcsmujrnonchtbs fbs one kûbs fcspuîs rcmnîh y btrb fcsmujrnonchtb fc ek onsok iýrouek mksn trcs one qunhnchtbs kûbs fcspuîs btrk vcz. Fc quc cstby dkjekhfb. Fc ek iýrouek fc ek prbpbrmnýh fnvnhk, b ce mbrtc fce brb, b ch nhleîs "tdc Lbefch ]cmtnbh" B ch ce nfnbok kecoëh " Fcr lbefchc ]mdhntt" ²[uc tnchc cstk iýrouek mbh cstk inlurk ch pncfrk mboñh2 Shk mkrk ksï hb cxnstc y hb cxnstïk. ¡Cs inmmnýh! Kuhquc pkrcmc vnvb, vnvb, hb crk huhmk huhmk vnvb. ;:
Cs uhk pbrmnýh fc uh mïrmueb, mkemuekfb mbh austb cstk iýrouek trcs vcmcs rc nhvchtkfb, pbr Cumenfcs pbr eb ochbs fbs one kûbs fcspuîs. Fc Zchî Fcsmkrtcs =377 kûbs fcspuîs. Ek ibrok fc su mkrk cs cxkmtkochtc cstc Cspnrke, quc sc mbhsnluc mbh cstk iýrouek. [unch cstë oës nhtcrcskfb ch cstk iýrouek, dky oumdk nhibrokmnýh fnspbhnjec. Wrbhtb dkrî btrb rcpbrtkac fc cstks iýroueks. ^b nhscrtc chmnok fc ek mkrk uhk cspnrke y mbnhmnfc cxkmtb mbh ek lcboctrïk fc cstk mkrk.
Ce hñocrb fc brb y ce trnëhlueb fbrkfb iuc mbhbmnfb pbr ebs suocrnbs, clnpmnbs, mkrkenhbs y okyks, ksï mbob ebs mdnhbs c dnhfñs qunchcs eb peksokrbh ch ce fnscûb y mbhstrummnýh fc sus pnrëonfcs quc dkh qucfkfb mbob oucstrks kvkhzkfks fc ek kpenmkmnýh fc ek lcboctrïk, quc iuc ―sklrkfk‟ pkrk ebs lrnclbs fc ek csmucek nhnmnëtnmk pntklýrnmk.
Cstbs khtnlubs mbhbmnonchtbs fc ebs mbhstrumtbrcs sc iuc trksontnchfb fc lchcrkmnýh ch lchcrkmnýh k trkvîs fc eks csmuceks nhnmnëtnmks quc ch mkfk uhk fc cstks mueturks cxnstný, pkskhfb euclb k Curbpk y snchfb kpenmkfk pbr ebs oksbhcs bpcrktnvbs ch tbfbs ebs tncopbs, ksï tchcobs1
Qnlurkt suocrnb y ek pnrëonfc fc ]kqqkrk ch Clnptb
;=
Wnrëonfcs fc Mkrke.
Ek Lrkh Wnrëonfc. ;6
Wnrëonfc Okyk.
Wnrëonfcs Mdnhks. ;3
Wnrëonfc fce Nhfbstëh.
Wnrëonfc fce Nhfbstëh. ;9
Mktcfrke fc Mdkrtrcs (s. TNNN)
Mktcfrke fc Mbebhnk (s. TNY) ;<
Mkstneeb fce Jrkh (s. TNY), fbhfc vnvný Yekf NN, mbhbmnfb mbob mbhfc Frëmuek (Mkevnobhtcs Zbaks, Mkrebs).
Mktcfrke fc Oneëh (s. TNY) ;4
(Mkevnobhtcs Zbaks, Mkrebs).
Dby ch fïk ek scmmnýh ëurck sc pucfc vcr ch ouetntuf fc fnscûbs. Ce oës mbhbmnfb y fniuhfnfb scrïk ek ocfnfk fc eks tkractks fc mrîfntb, ek muke tkojnîh snluc fnmdb pktrýh, ksï mbob hucstrb mkrhî fc nfchtnfkf y tkojnîh ch eks mkactneeks fc mnlkrrneebs. Ch ek krquntcmturk obfcrhk snluc usëhfbsc0 pbr cacopeb, cstë prcschtc ch ce mbhbmnfb cfninmnb fc ek BHS ch Hucvk ^br`, ce muke hb cs oës quc uh lrkh prnsok rcmtkhluekr muyk mkrk okybr snluc eks mntkfks prbpbrmnbhcs.
;>
Ek Vbrrc Cnicce
(Mkevnobhtcs Zbaks, Mkrebs).
Ce rclnstrb oës khtnlub fce mbhbmnonchtb fce hñocrb fc brb y ce trnëhlueb fbrkfb sc dkeek ch suocrnk y iuc uskfb pbr Lufck ; y btrbs krquntcmtbs fc ceek. Fc okhcrk tke quc pbfcobs fcmnr quc ce krtc fc ek mbhstrummnýh fc ebs oksbhcs tnchc ce rcicrchtc dnstýrnmb oës khtnlub fce ―krtc‟ ch suocrnk y hb ;
Lufck (:,;=7 k.M.), lbjcrhý ek mnufkf-cstkfb fc Eklksd ch ce pcrïbfb khtcs fc ek tcrmcrk fnhkstïk fc Sr. Eklksd iuc uhb fc oumdbs cstkfbs suocrnks suocr nks quc rckinroý su nhfcpchfchmnk nhfcpch fchmnk trks ek mkïfk fce nopcrnb fc Klkfc, quc dkjïk fbonhkfb lrkh pkrtc fc Ocsbpbtkonk. Lufck cs ocabr mbhbmnfb pbr sus bjrks fc mbhstrummnýh ch uhk fc eks oës nopbrtkhtcs fc eks mnufkfcs fce rcnhb, Lnrsu (Vceeb obfcrhk).Oumdbs bjactbs dkh snfb rcmupcrkfbs fce sntnb nhsmrntb ch ek csmrnturk muhcnibroc suocrnk, ek lrkjkmnýh fc mýob ce lbjcrhkhtc rcmbhstrunfk ke ochbs qunhmc tcopebs. Ce oës noprcsnbhkhtc fc cstbs iuc ce tcopeb fc Hnhlnrsu, ce fnbs hkmnbhke.
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ch Clnptb mbob sc dkjïk supucstb. Kuhquc ce hñocrb fc brb sc pbpuekrnzý pbpuekrnz ý k rkïz fc ebs cstufnbs fc Ecbhkrfb Fk Ynhmn sbjrc ce Dbojrc fc Yntrujnb, quc cs mbhsnfcrkfb ce cacopeb fce dbojrc nfcke pbr sus prbpbrmnbhcs. Ce hñocrb fc brb y ce trnëhlueb fbrkfb, cstuvb sncoprc prcschtc ch ek hkturkeczk, ch ce cstufnb fc ek lcboctrïk y ch ek sklrkfk mnchmnk fc ebs oksbhcs fc tbfbs ebs tncopbs.
Lufck. Ch ek khtnlõcfkf ebs Onstcrnbs b Ketbs ]cmrctbs rcprcschtkjkh ek skjnfurïk y ek mnchmnk fc kquce tncopb. Ceeb sc lukrfkjk ch ebs Vcopebs quc crkh ce rcmnhtb fc eks csmuceks nhnmnëtnmks, fbhfc nopkrtïkh chscûkhzks sbeb k ebs csmblnfbs. Ch ceeks tkojnîh sc prkmtnmkjk ce muetb prbikhb fc eks mcrcobhnks oïstnmks, ch dbhbr k ek fnvnhnfkf kfbrkfk kfbrkfk pbr ce pucjeb nlhbrkhtc fc cstk skjnfurïk.
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::
JNJENBLZKIÏK. Jkucr Abscp, Sh Mýfnlb Oktcoëtnmb Csmbhfnfb ch ce Krtc ]uocrnb Dkmc Muktrb One Kûbs, dttp1//bvhnfnlnkrt.jeblspbt.mbo/:774/79/uh-mfnlboktcotnmb-csmbhfnfb-ch-ce-krtc.dtoe Mkevnobhtcs Zbaks, Mkrebs, ―Wrcschmnk fce Hñocrb fc Brb‟, www.c fntkhfb.mbo, hbvncojrc :77>, :9: Wëls. Mkevnobhtcs Zbaks, Mkrebs, ―Lufck Mrnptnmb‟, www.c -fntkhfb.mbo, sctncojrc :774, ;<4 Wëls. Mkevnobhtcs Zbaks, Mkrebs, ―Ce Hñocrb fc Brb ch ce Vcstnobhnb fc Lufck‟,
dttp1//cxkpchtk.zxq.hct/LSFCK.dtoe
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