UNIVERSIDAD DE ORIENTE NUCLEO DE MONAGAS ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA Y CIENCIAS APLICADAS DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA DE PETRÓLEO AREAS DE GRADO – CRUDOS PESADOS PROCESAMIENTO Y COMERCIALIZACIÓN COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE CRUDOS PESADOS
PROCESOS DE CONVERSIÓN HDHPLUS Y AQUACONVERSION AQUACONVERSION
REALIZADO POR:
PROFESOR:
Ing. Tomas Tomas Marín Ma rín
Catherine Herrera CI: 20.422.349 Linnet Torrealba Torrealba CI 17.934.029 Juan Cabeza CI 18.825.319
MATURÍN, MATURÍN, 17/ 01/ 2017
INTRODUCCION
En enezuela la !a"or #arte $e la% re%er&a% e%t'n (on%titui$a% #or (ru$o% #e%a$o% " e)tra#e%a$o%* %ien$o la in$u%tria% #etrolera la #rin(i#al +uente $e in,re%o%* raz-n #or la (ual %e bu%(a el $e%arrollo " o#ti!iza(i-n $e la% te(nolo,a% $e !e/ora!iento $e (ru$o% #e%a$o%* e)tra#e%a$o% " re%i$uo%* #ro(e%an$o $i(ha% (orriente% (on #o(o &alor e(on-!i(o #ara tran%+or!arla% en (ru$o% %intti(o% !'% li&iano% o #ro$u(to% $e !a"or &alor (o!er(ial. Lue,o $e !'% $e 20 ao% $e in&e%ti,a(i-n " $e%arrollo* #rueba% $e e%(ala!iento " e&alua(i-n (on $i+erente% (ru$o% $e la a/a* %e lo,r- $e%arrollar la te(nolo,a HH lu%. El #ro(e%o $e (on&er%i-n HH lu%* (on%i%te en una te(nolo,a &enezolana orienta$a a la (on&er%i-n $e re%i$uale% " (ru$o% #e%a$o% " e)tra#e%a$o% en #ro$u(to% (o!bu%tible% re+ina$o% $e alta (ali$a$. 6 la C;E<=I; e% un #ro(e%o $e (on&er%i-n !o$era$a $e re%i$uo at!o%+ri(o o $e &a(o >ue tran%+or!a un (ru$o e)tra#e%a$o $e 8 ,ra$o% I* en un (ru$o !e/ora$o " tran%#ortable* $e 12 a 14 ,ra$o% I. En el #re%ente traba/o %e e%tu$iaran !'% a +on$o e%ta% $o% te(nolo,a% >ue #lantean el $e%arrollo $e !o$elo% $e e)#lota(i-n e+i(iente% $e la ener,a >ue #er!itir'n %olu(ione% e%trat,i(a% #ara $i%!inuir el (on%u!o $e $iluente% en la% 'rea% $e #ro$u((i-n " el !e/ora!iento #ara el #ro(e%a!iento $el (ru$o.
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T!"#$#%&'( D('))#$$'*'( P#) I"+* P')' E$ M-#)'."+# D L#( C)*#( P('*# E+)'3('*#( D L' 4'-' P+)#$&5)' D$ O)"#!#6 Inte&e# $e%arrollo la% te(nolo,a% HH lu% " >ua(on&er%ion (on el ob/eti&o $e &alorizar lo% (ru$o% #e%a$o% " e)tra#e%a$o%* in(re!entar la rela(i-n Hi$ro,eno?Carbono " !e/orar %u% #ro#ie$a$e% +%i(o?>u!i(a%. E(+#( 3)#!(#( "#$!)'" $' +)'"(5#).'!" 8&.!' >ue #er!ite la (on&er%i-n $e* al !eno%* el re%i$uo $e &a(o #ara #ro$u(ir un (ru$o !e/ora$o (on el !ni!o i!#a(to a!biental. E%ta% te(nolo,a% a@n no han %i$o a#li(a$a% %olo >ue$aron en e%tu$io%* #rueba% " !a>ueta%.
HDH 3$(6 La te(nolo,a $e !e/ora!iento $e (ru$o% #e%a$o% (ono(i$a (o!o HH " lue,o (o!o HH lu% +ue $e%arrolla$a #or I;TEE a #artir $e 1982 (on 20 ao% $e in&e%ti,a(i-n " $e%arrollo* #rueba% $e e%(ala!iento " e&alua(i-n (on $i+erente% (ru$o% $e la a/a. E% un #ro(e%o $e hi$ro(on&er%i-n (atalti(a el (ual tiene (o!o +in (on&ertir (ru$o% e)tra#e%a$o%* #e%a$o% " re%i$uo% $e &a(o A#ro&eniente% $el #ro(e%o $e $e%tila(i-n al &a(oB en (o!#onente% li&iano% A,a%olina* $ie%el " ,a%-leo%B o en (ru$o !e/ora$o $e 35I $e alta (ali$a$* (on un ba/o (onteni$o $e azu+re* nitr-,eno " %in !etale%. La te(nolo,a HH L= %e ba%a en un ro!#i!iento $e la% !ol(ula% $e hi$ro(arburo% $e la ali!enta(i-n Are%i$uo $e &a(oB* el (ual e% (ono(i$o (o!o (ra>ueo. Tiene la #arti(ulari$a$ >ue e%te ro!#i!iento %e realiza en #re%en(ia $e hi$r-,eno* #ara o(u#ar lo% e%#a(io% $e/a$o% #or lo% ra$i(ale% libre% $e la% !ol(ula% (ra>uea$a% " a% e&itar la +or!a(i-n $e (o>ue #or #oli!eriza(i-n. E% #or ello* >ue $e !anera !'% e%#e(+i(a la% rea((ione% #rin(i#ale% $e la te(nolo,a %on (ono(i$a% (o!o rea((ione% $e hi$ro(ra>ueo. To$o e%te #ro(e%o re>uiere $e (ataliza$ore% !et'li(o% " no !et'li(o%* #ara +o!entar la% rea((ione% $entro $e lo% rea(tore%* " al !i%!o tie!#o* !e/orar la% (on$i(ione% $e !ez(la$o " o#ti!izar otra% (on$i(ione% $e o#era(i-n re>ueri$a% #ara lo,rar la% (on&er%ione% $e%ea$a%. I,ual!ente %e lle&a a (abo a alta% te!#eratura% " #re%ione% #ara +o!entar el ro!#i!iento $e la% !ol(ula% " la $ilu(i-n $e lo% rea(tante% " el hi$r-,eno en +a%e l>ui$a* re%#e(ti&a!ente. Características. •
le)ibili$a$ #ara #ro(e%ar (ar,a% #e%a$a% re+ra(taria%* (on alto (onteni$o $e !etale% " azu+re.
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re%enta una o#era(i-n e%table (ontrola$a %obre la &elo(i$a$ $el ,a%. E% (a#az $e re(u#erar%e $e in(i$ente% o#era(ionale% $e !anera r'#i$a (on !ni!o i!#a(to %obre la $ura(i-n $e la (orri$a. Da/o ren$i!iento a ,a% A8 10F#B. Ele&a$a re!o(i-n $e azu+re " nitr-,eno (on Hi$ro#ro(e%o =e(uen(ial* =H
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AG90FB. Total $e%!eteliza(ion $e la ali!enta(i-n. ini!iza el !ane/o $e %-li$o% " %ub#ro$u(to% en re+inera%: re%i$uo re!anente %e
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(on&ierte en +lae% A(o!bu%tible %-li$o* no #ro(e%a$oB >ue #ue$en %er !ez(la$o% (on (o>ue. To$o% lo% #ro$u(to% tienen un u%o $e+ini$o.
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Ventajas.
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horro $e (ru$o $iluente entre 40?0F&. i%#one $e un #orta+olio $e (ataliza$ore% " (on$i(ione% $e o#era(i-n a$a#ta$a% a lo% (ru$o% #ara !a)i!izar %u% ren$i!iento%.
Beneficios. •
ro(e%a!iento $e re%i$uo% #e%a$o% #ara obtener #ro$u(to% li!#io% $e alto &alor.
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e/ora!iento $e (ru$o% #ara #ro$u(ir (ru$o %intti(o o (o!bu%tible% $e alta (ali$a$.
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ro(e%o $e Con&er%i-n #ro+un$a A92FB (on alto ren$i!iento en $e%tila$o% A105FB.
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Cataliza$or e(on-!i(o A(ontrol $e (o>ue " +or!a(i-n $e ,a%B.
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Con$i(ione% $e o#era(i-n re%i-n " Te!#eratura ba/a.
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Ca#az $e !ane/ar re+ra(tario%* azu+re " !etale%.
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#era(i-n $e %u%#en%i-n $el rea(tor !u" e%table (ontrola$o a tra&% $e $in'!i(a $e +lui$o%.
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El re%i$uo no (on&erti$o* e% a(e#table (o!o (o!bu%tible %-li$o #ara la in$u%tria $el (e!ento.
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Nivel de Desarrollo.
=olo %e han re,i%tra$o @lti#le% #rueba% a ni&el $e #lanta% #iloto en I;TEE " #rueba% $e $e!o%tra(i-n (o!er(ial $e A1500? 3.500B D en le!ania. 4
Factores Globales que influyen en el desarrollo de HDH Plus. •
La% ,ran$e% re%er&a% en (ru$o% #e%a$o% en el #a% " en el !un$o* "a >ue re#re%entan a#ro)i!a$a!ente el 70F.
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El $e%arrollo $e la a/a etrol+era $el rino(o #ara lo,rar la !a"or &aloriza(i-n $e nue%tra ba%e $e re(ur%o% $e hi$ro(arburo%.
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Lo% alto% #re(io% $el (ru$o " %u% $eri&a$o% en el !er(a$o interna(ional.
Consideraciones de HDH Plus en refinación.
La (ar,a e% Cru$o e%a$o* E)tra#e%a$o o #ro$u(to $el re%i$uo $e la $e%tila(i-n al &a(o* " el #ro(e%o tolera la% %i,uiente% (ara(ter%ti(a% $e la !i%!a: I!#ortante +ra((i-n re%i$ual $e ba/a (ali$a$. lto (onteni$o $e azu+re* nitr-,eno* CC< " !etale%. lto ;@!ero Total (i$o AT;B* e% $e(ir* !a"or a 0*5. .
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=e (on%i$eran lo% %i,uiente% a%#e(to% en la re+inera: In(re!ento $e la (a#a(i$a$ $e $e%tila(i-n. In%tala(i-n $e uni$a$e% $e (on&er%i-n $e re%i$uale%. .
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l to!ar (o!o o#(i-n la Con&er%i-n #ro+un$a* o(urre:
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Proceso de la tecnoloía HDH !lus.
La te(nolo,a HH #lu% o#era (on #re%ione% %u#eriore% a la% 2000 =I " te!#eratura% %u#eriore% a 400C. Cuenta (on un no&e$o%o %i%te!a (atalti(o >ue #er!ite ele&a$a% (on&er%ione% (on una !u" ba/a ta%a $e in"e((i-n $e !etal. En la te(nolo,a HHL=* lo% rea(tante%* hi$r-,eno " (ataliza$ore% %on ini(ial!ente !ez(la$o%* lue,o (alenta$o% en horno% $e (ar,a #ara #ro&eer la te!#eratura ne(e%aria #ara rea((i-n* " lue,o en&ia$o% a lo% rea(tore%* (on re%#e(ti&o% (ontrole% $e te!#eratura. o%terior!ente* lo% e+luente% $e lo% rea(tore% %on en&ia$o% al %e#ara$or (aliente* el (ual %e#ara lo% ,a%e% " #ro$u(to% l>ui$o% li&iano% A>ue %on en&ia$o% a #lanta% $e hi$rotrata!iento #ara a/u%tar la% (ali$a$ $e lo% #ro$u(to% " lue,o realizar la% %e#ara(ione% e%#e(+i(a% o +ra((iona!ientoB* $e lo% #ro$u(to% #e%a$o%* (on+or!a$o% #rin(i#al!ente #or #arte $e $e%tila$o% !e$io%* re%i$uo no (on&erti$o " lo% (ataliza$ore% !et'li(o% " no !et'li(o%. 5
Da%a$o en lo anterior!ente $e%(rito* e% +'(il enten$er >ue* $ebi$o a la ,ran (anti$a$ $e &ariable% in&olu(ra$a% en el #ro(e%o " >ue %on ne(e%aria% (ono(er " (ontrolar* %e ha(e in$i%#en%able la %i!ula(i-n $el #ro(e%o* en la (ual* la %i!ula(i-n $el rea(tor (u!#le un #a#el +un$a!ental.
T'9$'6 C')'!+)&(+!'( #3)'!#"'$( *$ 3)#!(# HDH3$(6 D'%)'.' *$ 3)#!(#6
A8'!#")(#"6 La >ua(on&er%ion e% una te(nolo,a enezolana #or =?I;TEE $e%$e el ao 1991.E% un #ro(e%o $e (on&er%i-n !o$era$a A50 FB $e (ru$o% #e%a$o% " re%i$uale% $e alto #e%o !ole(ular* ele&a$o (onteni$o $e !etale% " azu+re* en #re%en(ia $e un (ataliza$or %oluble " &a#or $e a,ua .E% (a#az $e tran%+erir hi$ro,eno $el &a#or $e a,ua a lo% re%i$uo% $e &a(o* au!entan$o %u e%tabili$a$* e&itan$o la +or!a(i-n $e #oli(on$en%a$o% >ue %on #re(ur%ore% $e (o>ue. >ua(on&er%ion #ue$e a#li(ar%e en re+inera (o!o una alternati&a %u#erior a la &i%(orre$u((ion #ara in(re!entar la (on&er%i-n $e re%i$uo% A#ro&eniente $e la $e%tila(i-n al &a(oB %in #er$er la e%tabili$a$ $el #ro$u(to $e +on$o no (on&erti$o* e% $e(ir %in i!#li(ar $etri!ento $e %u (ali$a$* #or lo >ue #o$ra e!#lear%e #ara ree!#lazar la% uni$a$e% &i%(orre$u(tora% (on&en(ionale%. E%ta te(nolo,a ta!bin #ue$e a#li(ar%e en (a!#o #ara 6
obtener una !a"or re$u((i-n $e la &i%(o%i$a$ $e (ru$o% #e%a$o% " e)tra#e%a$o% A!a"or 20FB tran%+or!'n$olo% en (ru$o% %intti(o% !e/ora$o% tran%#ortable% ha(ia la% re+inera%. La a>ua(on&er%ion eli!ina la ne(e%i$a$ $e realizar #ro(e%o% $e hi$rotrata!iento en la% #lanta% !e/ora$ora% $e (ru$o* obtenien$o a% una %i!#li+i(a(i-n $el #ro(e%o $e !e/ora!iento $e lo% (ru$o%* (on&irtin$o%e en un #ro(e%o >ue ,enera !enore% ,a%to% o#erati&o% " la obten(i-n $e #ro$u(to% $e !e/or (ali$a$. "!licaciones.
La >ua(on&er%ion tiene $o% a#li(a(ione% bien $e+ini$a%: la a#li(a(i-n en (abezal #ara obtener (ru$o !e/ora$o tran%#ortable% " la a#li(a(i-n en re+inera% #ara re$u(ir la #ro$u((i-n $e re%i$uo% #e%a$o%. La re$u((i-n $e la #ro$u((i-n $e (o!bu%tible #e%a$o e% e(on-!i(a!ente atra(ti&a #or>ue #er!ite !a"or obten(i-n $e #ro$u(to% #ro(e%a$o% $e alto &alor tale% (o!o ,a%olina* /et " (o!bu%tible $i%el. #eacciones en el !roceso.
La% #rin(i#ale% rea((ione% in&olu(ra$a% en el #ro(e%o e!#iezan (on el (ono(i$o !e(ani%!o $e (ra>ueo tr!i(o #ara #ro$u(ir ra$i(ale% libre% $e hi$ro(arburo%* %e,ui$o #or la +or!a(i-n (atalti(a $e ra$i(ale% libre% $e hi$ro,eno* a% (o!o la a$i(i-n $e hi$ro,eno a lo% ra$i(ale% libre% $e hi$ro(arburo% #ara e&itar la +or!a(i-n $e (o!#ue%to% #oli(on$en%a$o% o rea((ione% $e #oli!eriza(i-n.
Ventajas. •
horro $e (ru$o $iluente entre 40?0F&.
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i%#one $e un #orta+olio $e (ataliza$ore% " (on$i(ione% $e o#era(i-n a$a#ta$a% a lo% (ru$o% #ara !a)i!izar %u% ren$i!iento%.
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Beneficios •
Te(nolo,a $e ba/o (o%to " (o!#le/i$a$ o#era(ional #ara la obten(i-n $e (ru$o !e/ora$o (on #ro#ie$a$e% $e tran%#ortabili$a$* >ue #er!ita M!ini!izarN el u%o $e (ru$o% li&iano% (o!o $iluente. Ahorro $e (ru$o $iluente 40?50F&B.
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Oanan(ia en I entre 3? 4* " re$u((i-n $e la &i%(o%i$a$ en !'% $e 99F $e#en$ien$o $el (ru$o #ro(e%a$o.
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i%#one $e un #orta+olio $e (ataliza$ore% " (on$i(ione% $e o#era(i-n a$a#ta$a% a lo% (ru$o% #ara !a)i!izar %u% ren$i!iento%.
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;o re>uiere Hi$r-,eno* %-lo a,ua. e%#re(iable #ro$u((i-n $e %-li$o%.
Nivel de Desarrollo. •
@lti#le% rueba% a ni&el $e lanta% iloto en I;TEE: ni$a$e% $e 0.5 " 10 D* re%#e(ti&a!ente.
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rueba $e $e!o%tra(i-n en
Proceso de la $ecnoloía "quaconversion.
El e%>ue!a $el #ro(e%o $e a>ua(on&er%ion e% ba%tante %i!ilar a uno $e &i%(orre$u((ion (on&en(ional >ue utilizan un horno $e bobina " un rea(tor $e re!o/o* a$e!'% $e +ra((iona!iento $e #ro$u(to% .La (ar,a t#i(a #ara a!bo% #ro(e%o% %on lo% re%i$uo% at!o%+ri(o% " $e &a(o* " la% (on$i(ione% $e o#era(i-n en tr!ino% $e ta%a $e +lu/o* te!#eratura " #re%i-n ta!bin %on %i!ilare%. La #rin(i#al $i+eren(ia e% >ue la >ua(on&er%ion re>uiere la a$i(i-n $e &a#or $e a,ua " la #re%en(ia $e lo% (o!#onente% (atalti(o% >ue %e a,re,an (o!o a$iti&o% >u!i(o% ho!o,neo%* %u re%#e(ti&a uni$a$ $e #re#ara(i-n* a$e!'% $e la %e((i-n $e re(u#era(i-n $el (ataliza$or En #ro!e$io (on la &i%(orre$u((ion %e obtiene 20F $e #ro$u(to% li&iano% " el re%tante 80F $e (o!bu%tible #e%a$o%* %ien$o e%te @lti!o un #ro$u(to >ue ha #er$i$o !er(a$o a ni&el !un$ial. La a>ua(on&er%i-n #er!ite obtener en e%ta% !i%!a% uni$a$e% !'% $e un 40 F $e #ro$u(to% li&iano% a !enor (o%to. E% un #ro(e%o (atalti(o >ue* en #re%en(ia $e &a#or* #ro!ue&e en el rea(tor la tran%+eren(ia $e hi$r-,eno $el a,ua a la (ar,a #e%a$a A(ru$o o re%i$uoB. El ,ra$o $e hi$ro,ena(i-n >ue #ro!ue&e el #ro(e%o e% %u+i(iente!ente alto #ara %aturar lo% ra$i(ale% libre% >ue %e +or!an en la% rea((ione% $e #oli!eriza(i-n* (o!o o(urren en #ro(e%o% tale% (o!o el $e &i%(orre$u((i-n. La #oli!eriza(i-n e% in$e%ea$a #or>ue ,enera #ro$u(to% ine%table% " li!ita el ,ra$o !')i!o #o%ible $e (on&er%i-n. Cuan$o la% !a(ro!ol(ula% $e re%ina% o a%+alteno% %e %o!eten a la rea((i-n (atalti(a $el #ro(e%o $e a>ua(on&er%i-n en #re%en(ia $e &a#or* lo% enla(e% $e lo% hi$ro(arburo% $e (a$ena lar,a %e ro!#en " +or!an otro% (o!#ue%to% e%table% !'% li&iano%. nte% $e entrar al (alenta$or* a la (ar,a A#ro$u(to $e +on$o $e la #re&ia $e%tila(i-n at!o%+ri(aB %e le a,re,a a,ua la (ual %e e&a#ora. En el rea(tor* el &a#or %e $e%(o!#one en o),eno e hi$r-,eno " en #re%en(ia $el (ataliza$or o(urre el (ra>ueo tr!i(o " la hi$ro,ena(i-n #ar(ial $e la (ar,a. E%ta* "a (ra>uea$a* #a%a a 8
la +ra((iona$ora* $on$e %e obtienen ,a%* ,a%olina* ,a%-leo li&iano " re%i$uo. Lo% #ro$u(to% !'% li&iano% %e le a,re,an al re%i$uo " a% %e obtiene un +lui$o $e ,ra&e$a$ I %u+i(iente #ara tran%#ortarlo #or oleo$u(to% %in ne(e%i$a$ $e aa$irle $ilu"ente tra$o $e%$e "a(i!iento% $e (ru$o li,ero.
T'9$'6 C')'!+)&(+!'( #3)'!#"'$( *$ 3)#!(# A8'!#")(#"6 Diara%a del !roceso
CONCLUSIÓN 9
e%#u% $e !'% $e 20 ao% $e in&e%ti,a(i-n " $e%arrollo* #rueba% $e e%(ala!iento " e&alua(i-n (on $i+erente% (ru$o% $e la a/a* %e lo,r- $e%arrollar la te(nolo,a HH lu%* la (ual (on%i%te en un #ro(e%o $e alta (on&er%i-n A90?95FB $e (ru$o% #e%a$o% " re%i$uo% $e re+inera &a hi$ro(on&er%i-n. HH lu% e% en la a(tuali$a$ la te(nolo,a !'% atra(ti&a e(on-!i(a!ente a ni&el !un$ial* (o!#itien$o (on to$a% la% te(nolo,a% anteriore% utiliza$a% tale% (o!o la
(o>ui+i(a(i-n retar$a$a. 6a >ue en e%ta %e #ro$u(e !a"or ren$i!iento en ,a%olina* $e%tila$o% !e$io% " +uel ol #ro$u(to% $e alto &alor (o!er(ial " !u(ho% !eno% re%i$uale%. La >ua(on&er%ion tiene $o% a#li(a(ione% bien $e+ini$a%: la a#li(a(i-n en (abezal #ara obtener (ru$o !e/ora$o tran%#ortable% " la a#li(a(i-n en re+inera% #ara re$u(ir la #ro$u((i-n $e re%i$uo% #e%a$o%. La re$u((i-n $e la #ro$u((i-n $e (o!bu%tible #e%a$o e% e(on-!i(a!ente atra(ti&a #or>ue #er!ite !a"or obten(i-n $e #ro$u(to% #ro(e%a$o% $e alto &alor. Con la (rea(i-n $e e%ta% nue&a% te(nolo,a%* el $e%arrollo $e la a/a etrol+era #ue$e ha(er%e !'% e+i(iente. E% #or ello >ue el lan Te(nol-,i(o $e = Inte&e# (o!#ren$e #ro"e(to% orienta$o% ha(ia $i&er%a% 'rea%* (o!o #or e/e!#lo: (ru$o% #e%a$o% " e)tra#e%a$o%* au!ento $el +a(tor $e re(obro* a!biente* (on+iabili$a$ o#era(ional* ,enera(i-n $e !ateriale% re%i%tente%* li&iano% " !eno% (onta!inante%* $e%arrollo $e !o$elo% $e e)#lota(i-n e+i(iente $e la ener,a* u%o $el (o>ue " $el azu+re* !ane/o $el ,a%* a$e(ua(i-n $e la% re+inera% e)i%tente%* entre otro%. 6 !a"or obten(i-n $e #ro$u(to% #ro(e%a$o% $e alto &alor tale% (o!o ,a%olina* /et " (o!bu%tible $i%el.
10
9$#%)'5&' htt#:PPla%ar!a%$e(oronel.blo,%#ot.(o!P2011P05Pel?h$h?#lu%?$e?inte&e#?"?la?ine#titu$.ht!l htt#:PPQQQ.noti(ia%24.(o!P&enezuelaPnoti(iaP208994P#$&%a?inte&e#?#re%ento?te(nolo,ia%? #ara?!e/ora!iento?$e?(ru$o%?#e%a$o%?"?e)tra#e%a$o%P htt#:PPQQQ.(a!ara#etrolera.or,PQ#?(ontentPu#loa$%P2015P07P<CT=? TEC;LOIC=?CEuen(e1 htt#:PPQQQ.(olan.or,PQ#?(ontentPu#loa$%P201P05P3952?15282?2?D.#$+
11
