University of Santo Tomas Institute of Physical Education and Athletics
Prepared by: BISCARRA, PRINCE-JEROME S.
Handball (Thursday, 3-5pm)
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I. THE BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF HANDBALL EVENT Handball as it is played today began in northern Europe in the late 19th century, when it emerged as the successor to such regionally popular games as raffball and Königsbergerball. Holger Nielsen of Denmark - who actually medaled in fencing and shooting at the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 - and German physical education teacher Max Heiser are credited with shaping the basic rules that would come to govern the sport. The International Amateur Handball Federation was established in 1928; it was replaced in 1946 by the International Handball Federation, which continues today as the sport's world governing body. Handball underwent a number of refinements during its formative years. The most significant was a move indoors. In its first modern incarnation, called field handball, teams of 11 played on turf fields. Because of the game's popularity in snowy Scandinavia, a scaled-down indoor version featuring seven-member teams soon arose and eclipsed field handball. It is this version of the sport that is played at the Olympics today. Despite its connection to Greek antiquity, handball didn't make its Olympic debut until 1936. As host of the Berlin Games, Germany was allowed to add a demonstration sport to the program and chose field handball. The Germans outscored their first four opponents 86-13 on their way to the championship game. They went on to defeat Austria, 10-6, to win the gold medal. The Germans' romp did little to stir handball fever in the wider Olympic community. The sport, primarily a European phenomenon at the time, was not included in 1948 when the summer games resumed after a 12-year hiatus. In fact, handball's absence lasted until 197 2, when the men's indoor game returned as part of the Munich Olympics - this time as an official event. The revived sport displayed more staying power than before. After the 197 2 Summer Olympics, in which Yugoslavia stunned the defending world champion, Romania, to win the gold medal, the International Olympic Committee allowed it to remain a part of the games. Women's handball was added to the roster of Olympic sports at the 1976 Montreal Games, with the Soviet Union winning the first gold medal. Medals in men's and women's team handball have been awarded in every Summer Olympics since. In recent decades, the sport has migrated from its ancestral homeland in northern Europe to parts of the world where it once was unknown. It has made big gains in Asia, as evidenced by the Koreans' Olympic success: Both the women and men medaled at the 1988 Seoul Games, taking the gold and silver, respectively. The women won the gold again four years later in Barcelona. 2
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Handball enthusiasts have had more difficulty in importing their sport to the Americas. It has caught on in a few countries - notably Brazil and Argentina - but remains a curiosity in the United States, where it is often confused with the racquetball-style recreational sport of the same name. Handball seemed to be gaining a foothold in the 1990s when the NCAA classified it as an "emerging sport" for women. It was hoped at the time that schools would form varsity handball teams in order to help satisfy their Title IX obligations, but 10 years later, little progress has been made. In fact, the NCAA's Committee on Women's Athletics is threatening to remove handball from its roster of emerging sports in 2008 if no growth is seen. In a news release dated Sept. 14,
2007,
the CWA included
handball, along with archery, badminton and synchronized swimming, on a list of sports that "show no steady progress in sponsorship and have less than ten institutions sponsoring the sport at the varsity level." The absence of elite college players has impacted the American national teams. No American handball team of either gender has ever won an Olympic medal, and no American team is going to win one until at least 2012. In 2007, the US men's and women's national teams both failed to qualify for the Pan-American Games; consequently, they will not compete in the Beijing Olympics.
II. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE HANDBALL COURT
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The playing court is a 40 meter long and
20
meter wide rectangle, consisting of two goal areas
and a playing area. The longer boundary lines are called side lines, and the shorter ones are called goal lines (between the goalposts) or outer goal lines (on either side of the goal). There should be a safety zone surrounding the playing court, with a width of at least 1 meter along the side lines and
2
meters behind the goal lines. The characteristics of the playing court must not
be altered during the game in such a way that one team gains an advantage.
A goal is placed in the center of each outer goal line. The goals must be firmly attached to the floor or to the walls behind them. They have an interior height of 2 meters and a width of 3 meters. The goalposts are joined by a horizontal crossbar. The rear side of the goalposts shall be in line with the rear edge of the goal line. The goalposts and the crossbar must have an 8cm square cross section. On the three sides which are visible from the court they must be painted in bands of two contrasting colors, which also contrast clearly with the background. The goals must have a net, that should be attached in such a way that a ball thrown into the goal normally remains in the goal.
All lines on the court are fully part of the area that they enclose. The goal lines shall be 8cm wide between the goalposts, whereas all other lines shall be 5cm wide. Lines between two adjacent areas may be replaced with a difference in colors between the adjacent areas of the floor.
In front of each goal there is a goal area. The goal area is defined by the goal-area line (6-meter line), which is drawn as follows : a) a 3 meter long line directly in front of the goal ; this line is parallel to the goal line and 6 meters away from it (measured from the rear edge of the goal line to the front edge of the goalarea line) ; b) two quarter circles, each with a radius of 6 meters (measured from the rear inner corner of the goalposts), connecting the 3 meter long line with the outer goal l ine.
The free throw line (9-meter line) is a broken line, drawn 3 meters outside the goal-area line. Both the segments of the line and the spa ces between them measure 15cm.
The 7-meter line is a 1 meter long line, directly in front of the goal. It is parallel to the goal line and 7 meters away from it (measured from the rear edge of the goal line to the front edge of the 7-meter line).
The goalkeepers restraining line (the 4-meter line) is a 15cm long line, directly in front of the goal. It is parallel to the goal line and 4 meters away from it (measured from the rear edge of the goal line to the front edge of the 4-meter line. 4|UST-IP EA Handbal l
The center line connects the midpoints of the two side lines.
The substitution line (a segment of the side line) for each team extends from the center line to a point at a distance of 4.5 meters from the center line. This end point of the substitution line is enhanced by a line which is parallel to the center line, extending 15cm inside the sideline and 15cm outside the sideline.
III. BASIC SKILLS PERFORMED IN HANDBALL
1. PASSING
Bounce pass
Overhead pass
Chest pass
One-hand pass
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Side-arm pass 2.
DRIBBLING
3. CATCHING
The thumbs and fingers should form the shape of a triangle. Both hands form a "bowl/basket", enabling to catch the ball more effectively. Arms should be bent at the elbow & fully extended in order to catch the ball. When catching the ball, players should move hands toward the ball. Always catch the ball with two hands. The "target" should be at shoulder height and on the dominant arm side. The knees are flexed and the feet are shoulder width apart. The head is up and forward and the eyes are focused in on the ball.
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4.
BLOCKING
5. SHOOTING THE BALL
Shooting near the goal
Jump Shot
Right-handed throwers should push off from the
left foot. Left-handed throwers should push off from the right foot. When in the air, the body should be stretched & throwing shoulder drawn back. Throw from the highest point of the jump.
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6.
GOALKEEPING
The knees should be slightly bent and the hands held at head height. -Low balls are stopped with the foot & one arm stretched toward the foot to assist. -A ball thrown at mid-height should be stopped with hand & foot while the high balls requires a jump from one foot
IV. RULES AND REGULATIONS IN PLAYING HANDBALL
The Court: The court measures
20
meters (65' 7") by 40 meters (131' 3"). The court is larger
than a basketball court, but the length may be shortened when space is limited. The goal area line, or 6meter line (19' 8"), is the most important line. No one except the goalie is allowed to stand in the goal area. The goal opening is
2
meters by 3 meters. Players may jump into the area if the ball is released
before landing in the area. The Players: On the whole, there are 7 players on the field and 7 players are substitutes. So
from one team there cannot be more than 14 players. On the field, there are six players and 1 goal keeper from a team. At the start of the play, according to the handball rules and regulations laid down by the IHF, a minimum of 5 players should be on the field. A game might continue without 5 players as well, but that is totally the referee's prerogative. A maximum of 4 officials are allowed per team, be it the Team Handball rules or European Handball rules. Another interesting rule laid down is that at any point of time whilst the game is in progress, a court player can be designated as the goal keeper and vice versa. But those involved in substitution have to leave and enter the court over the substitution line of their respective team.
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Referees: There are two referees, a court referee and a goal line referee. Referees have
complete authority: Their decisions are final. The referees are assisted by a timer and a scorer. Duration of the Game: For players 18 years and over, the game consists of 2, 30-minute halves
with 10-minute half-time. For tournament and youth games 2, 15-minute or 2, 20- minute halves. This is running time except for injury or one team time-out per half. The teams change benches at half-time. The game ends in a tie unless the game demands a winner. (Tournament rules dictate that a winner must be determined.) Overtime consists of 2, 5-minute periods). Starting the game: At the start of a game the captain winning the toss has the choice of ends or
throw-off. The throw-off must be taken at the centre line. A ll players must be in their half of the court. The nearest opponent must be at least 3 metres from the ball. The Ball: The ball is made of leather or a synthetic material and the surface must not be either
shiny or slippery. The circumference and weight according to the categories of teams playing are: 1. For men above 16 years, it is 58 to 60 cm and the weight is 4 25-475 grams. This is the IHF size 3. 2.
For women above 14, and male youth in the age of 1 2 to 16, the circumference of the ball is 5456 cm and the weight is between 325 and 375 grams.
3. For boys and girls in the age group between 8 and 14 (girls 8-14 and boys 8-1 2), the circumference of the ball is 50 to 5 2 cm and the weight is between 290 to 330 grams. There are atleast 2 balls available and the reserve must be readily available, as laid down in the team handball rules by the IHF.
Ball Playing: There are three basic ball playing rules involving the number 3.
y
Three seconds you hold the ball and then pass.
y
Only three steps when the ball is in your hand.
y
When awarded a free throw, a player needs to be a t a distance of 3 meters from another player. Then, in addition to this, according to team handball rules, it is permitted for a player to catch,
stop, throw, hit or push the ball with the help of hands, thighs, knees, torso and head. A player can also move the ball from one hand to another. In case the ball touches the referee on the court, the game
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continues. However, a player cannot be in contact with the ball with his or her foot or any part of the leg below the knee. Just like in soccer, if the ball goes out over the side, the o pposite side retrieves it and gets it.
Goal Scoring: A goal is said to be scored when the ball crosses the back goal line completely
within the goal. In the goal area, the goalkeeper reigns supreme. Even if there is a violation of rules by the defender and still the ball goes in the goal. If a player scores in his team's goal, the other side gets the point. A goal declared by the referee cannot be taken back or disallowed in the course of the game and the entry of the goal is mandatory as said in the handball rules and regulations by the IHF.
Foul Play: Pulling or hitting the ball out of the opponent's hand, blocking and forcing the
opponent using legs, hands or arms and threatening or endangering a player with or sans the ball are the top three fouls and these things are not permitted. If a player is fouled, while he or she is taking a certain shot at the goal, the player gets a 7 meter free shot.
Penalty or Punishment: For a foul play, normally the referee gives a yellow card or if the foul or
contact is too serious, the referee can give the player an instant 2-minute suspension. If a player gets more than 2 such suspensions, he or she gets a red card, as per the team handball rules. A red card results in disqualification and the player has to go off t he court. A referee or another player's assault can lead to expulsion of the player. This means that the player cannot play for the rest of the gam e. Any objection or gestures or argument with the referee can lead to 2-min suspension.
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