NÌID_CBG NG BDW^G TWDML^Ì G@QL_E@@GIG@^DMG NGS OÏ^LIG@^S ✞
Vewr cbdtwg ewqrdkg se`~ l`nltwìs mgs adilmmgs ng vrenwl~s w~lmlsìs "id~ìrldw kì`ìrltwgs, g~ mgwrs g`jgw g`qlre``g) ig`~dw svìclaltwgs. ✞ Vewr adclml~gr mgs cbel nw idà~rg n“ewqrd) kg g` ae`c~le` ng sgs vrlerl~ìs- mgs vel`~s aer~s g~ mgs vel`~s adlomgs ngs vrenwl~s
G _ L D I I E S
ì~wnlìs se`~ l`nltwìs nd`s md igswrg nw vesslomg. ✞ Ngw alcbgs ~rd`sqgrsdmgs ce`cgr`g`~ ngs id~ìrldw vrìsg`~s nd`s ng `eiorgw ìmì) ig`~s ng ce`s~rwc~le` : Clig`~- oì~e`- oì~e` driì Oels
EOJGC^LAS NGS ALCBGS /EWQ_DKGS/ NG M“D_G@G LMG)NG)A_D@CG
G` d~~g`nd`~ md nlsve`lolml~ì g` `eiorg swaalsd`~ ngs alcbgs n“l`aerid~le` swr md twdml~ì g`qlre``gig`~dmg ngs vre) nwl~s ng ce`s~rwc~le` ce`aerigs æ md `erig RV V64)646- ~ew~g vgrse``g sewclgwsg n“ev~lilsgr mg cbel ngs vrecìnìs g~ ngs vrenwl~s ng ce`s~rwc~le` nd`s mg cdnrg n“w`g nìidrcbg BTG d ogsel` n“ew~lms n“dlng æ md nìclsle`. C“gs~ cg twg vrevesg`~ mgs alcbgs vrìsg`~ìgs lcl- twl s“dvvwlg`~ swr ng `eiorgwsgs sewrcgs vreqg`d`~ ng Ard`cg g~ ng nlqgrs vd|s ecclng`~dw "Dmmgidk`g- Swlssg- Vd|s)Ods- @erqâkg- Krd`ng)Org~dk`gKrd`ng)Org~dk`g- Cd`dnd- G~d~s)W`ls,. Cgs alcbgs eaarg`~ ngs s|`~bâsgs vreqlselrgs ngs~l`ìs æ swscl~gr g~ kwlngr mg twgs~le``gig`~ swr mgs cdrdc~ìrls~ltwgs g`qlre`) `gig`~dmgs ngs vrenwl~s ng ce`s~rwc~le`- g~ æ dlngr æ m“ìmdoerd~le` n“w` vrecgssws ng cbel iwm~lcrl~ârgs ng cgs vrenwl~s. Mgs alcbgs se`~ s~rwc~wrìgs vdr ewqrdkg twl cerrgsve`ng`~ g` kì`ìrdm dw me~s ~rdnl~le``gms nw oï~lig`~.. Se`~ ~rdl~ìs mgs vrl`clvdw ewqrdkgs ce`cgr`d`~ mg kres)œwqrg- m“g`qgmevvg g~ mgs vdr~l~le`s : Lsemd~le` ~bgriltwg g~ dccews~ltwg
Cmelse`s
^el~wrgs ~grrdssgs
^el~wrgs l`cml`ìgs
Ig`wlsgrlgs g~ ql~rdkgs g~ìrlgwrs Iwrs ewmìs g` vmdcg
Vmd`cbgrs
Iwrs ver~gwrs g` idëe``grlg ng vg~l~s ìmìig`~s
Cbel l`~ìkrì ngs vrecìnìs g~ vrenwl~s ng ce`s~rwc~le`
e` e`s g~ odrrlârgs
S|s~âigs `s rwc æ essd~wrg
s
Nìceivesl~le` nw oï~lig`~ g` ewqrdkgs ae`c~le``gms
N“dw~rgs alcbgs ce`cgr`d`~ mgs ìtwlvgig`~s g~ mg sgce`n œwqrg qlg`nre`~ ceivmì~gr md cemmgc~le`. Mgs 4> clomgs ng md nìidrcbg BTG
Idà~rlsg ngs livdc~s swr m“g`qlre``gig`~ g~ìrlgwr Gce)ce`s~rwc~le` 4. _gmd~le` bdrie`lgwsg ngs oï~lig`~s dqgc mgwr g`qlre`) `gig`~ liiìnld~ ?. Cbel l`~ìkrì ngs vrecìnìs g~ vrenwl~s ng ce`s~rwc~le` 3. Cbd`~lgr æ adlomgs `wlsd`cgs Gcekgs~le` >. Kgs~le` ng m“ì`grklg 7. Kgs~le` ng m“gdw 1. Kgs~le` ngs nìcbg~s n“dc~lql~ìs ;. G`~rg~lg` g~ idl`~g`d`cg
Crìd~le` n“w` g`qlre``gig`~ l`~ìrlgwr sd~lsadlsd`~ Ce`aer~ 2. Ce` Ce`aer aer~~ b|kre~bg b|kre~bgril riltwg twg <. Dcews~ltwg 46.Qlswgm 44.Emadc 44. Emadc~la ~la Sd`~ì 4?. Twdml~ì sd`l~dlrg ngs gsvdcgs 43. Twdml~ì sd`l~dlrg ng m“dlr 4>. Twdml~ì sd`l~dlrg ng m“gdw
Dkg`cg rìkle`dmg ng m+g`qlre``gig`~ g~ ngs `ewqgmmgs ì`grklgs Lmg)ng)Ard`cg
BDW^G TWDML^Ì G@QL_E@@GIG@^DMG NGS OÏ^LIG@^S
CBELR L@^ÌK_Ì NGS V_ECÌNÌS G^ V_ENWL^S NG CE@S^_WC^LE@ CG TW“LM ADW^ _G^G@L_ ✞
✞
Sg ngid`ngr twgmmg gs~ md ce`~rlow~le` n“w` vrenwl~ æ md twdml~ì g`qlre``gig`~dmg nw oï~lig`~ g~ m“ìqdmwgr ~ew~ dw me`k ng se` c|cmg ng qlg. ”M“ìceid~ìrldw’ `“gls~g vds : ~ew~ vrenwl~ gs~ swscgv~lomg ng qelr sgs vgraerid`cgs g`qlre``gig`~dmgs nìkrdnìgs vdr w`g idwqdlsg ilsg g` œwqrg ew w~lmlsd~le`. Mgs crl~ârgs ng cbel ngs vrenwl~s ng ce`s~rwc~le ce`s~rwc~le``
Mgs vrenwl~s ng ce`s~rwc~le` se`~ cbelsls g` ae`c~le` ng mgwr dv~l~wng æ m“wsdkg : twd) ml~ìs ae`c~le``gmmgs- nwrìg ng qlg g~- mers) tw“lms se`~ ngs~l`ìs æ ê~rg qlslomgs- twdml~ì n“dsvgc~. Ngs `erigs nìal`lssg`~ g~ ngs cgr) ~lalcd~le`s kdrd`~lssg`~ cg~~g dv~l~wng æ m“w) sdkg- twl- vdr dlmmgwrs ce`cgr`g sewqg`~ mgs clomgs BTG n“ìcekgs~le` g~ ng ce`aer~. C“gs~ nd`s cg cdnrg twg mg idà~rg n“ewqrd) kg sewclgw n“diìmlergr md TG ng se` evì) rd~le` qd cbgrcbgr æ nìal`lr ngs crl~ârgs g`qlre``gig`~dw vewr cbelslr mgs vre) nwl~s ce`s~l~w~las ng sgs ewqrdkgs. Md mecdmlsd~le` nw oï~lig`~ d ngs l`clng`cgs swr mgs cbel- `e~diig`~ vdr : m“livdc~ ng
✞
Gcmwrg mg rgcewrs æ ngs ”mls~gs `elrgs’ ng id~ìrldw.
✞
W~lmlsgr mgs alcbgs ng ne``ìgs ng sìcwrl~ì aewr`lgs vdr mgs adorlcd`~s g~ mgs l`aerid~le`s swr mgs cdrdc~ìrls~ltwgs cd rdc~ìrls~ltwgs g`ql) re``gig`~dmgs ngs vrenwl~s sgme` md `erig RV V64)646 ceiig odsg ng m“ìqdmwd~le` ng md twdml~ì g`qlre``gig`~d) mg "TG, ngs vrenwl~s ng ce`s~rwc~le`.
m“dvvreqlsle``gig`~ g` id~lârgs vrgilârgs g~ g` ì`grklg- mg cmlid~- md `d~wrg g~ m“bwil) nl~ì nw sem- g~ md cwm~wrg mecdmg. Mg ceø~ nw vrenwl~ g~ ng sd vesg- cgmwl ng se` g`~rg~lg` g~ ng se` rgivmdcgig`~- mgs ceø~s ew ìce`eilgs n“gvmel~d~le` tw“lm kì`ârg- se` ceø~ n+ìmlil`d~le` ew ng rgc|) cmdkg g` al` ng qlg vgrig~~g`~ ng cdmcwmgr sd ce`~rlow~le` dw ceø~ kmeodm nw oï~lig`~. Cg crl~ârg nel~ rgivmdcgr cbdtwg aels twg ves) slomg mg slivmg ceø~ n“l`qgs~lssgig`~. Lm ceivrg`n mgs ceø~s n“l`qgs~lssgig`~- ng ce`seiid~le`s "n“ì`grklg- n“gdw‡,- n“g`) ~rg~lg`- ng idl`~g`d`cg g~ ng rgivmdcg) ig`~ vg`nd`~ w` ~givs nì~gril`ì : 47 d`s ew 36 d`s- vdr ggivmg. Mg sgwm vel`~ ng nìvdr~ cerrgc~ ng cg twgs~le``gig`~ gs~ : ”twgmmg gs~ md
ce`~rlow~le` nw vrenwl~ æ md twdml~ì g`qlre``gig`~dmg ng m“ewqrdkg nd`s mgtwgm lm qd ê~rg l`cerverì 5’ Lm gls~g w` mdrkg ce`sg`sws vewr ce`slnì) rgr twg cg~~g ce`~rlow~le` nel~ ê~rg ìqdmwìg æ cbdtwg ì~dvg nw c|cmg ng qlg nw vrenwl~ : g~rdc~le` ngs id~lârgs vrgilârgs- adorlcd) ~le`- ~rd`sver~- ilsg g` œwqrg- w~lmlsd~le` "qlg g` œwqrg, g~ ìmlil`d~le` ew rìw~lmlsd) ~le` g` al` ng qlg. Ng `eiorgwsgs d`dm|sgs e`~ ì~ì adl~gs ew se`~ g` cewrs. Cg se`~ ngs ì~wngs mewrngs ig`ìgs vdr ngs ce`swm~d`~s ew ngs w`lqgrsl) ~dlrgs- sewqg`~ æ m“l`l~ld~lqg ngs adorlcd`~s. Cgs d`dm|sgs se`~ odsìgs swr m“ì~wng ng ~ew~ cg twl g`~rg g~ twl ser~ æ cbdtwg ì~dvg nw c|cmg ng qlg nw vrenwl~ : ì`grklg- id~lârgs vrgilârgs- gdw- ìilssle` g~ rgjg~s- nìcbg~s‡
MGS VLÂKGS NG C_L^Â_GS SLIVMLS^GS NG CBELR NGS V_ENWL^S NG CE@S^_WC^LE@ Id~ìrldw `d~wrgm
M“w~lmlsd~le` n“w` id~ìrldw `d~wrgm rdrg ew ne`~ m“gvmel~d~le` gs~ neiidkgdomg vewr m“g`qlre``gig`~ gs~ æ ìql~gr "ggivmg : oels ~revlcdw lssws ng aerê~s vrlidlrgs `e` kìrìgs nwrdomgig`~,. Cgr~dl`s id~ìrldw `d~wrgms vrìsg`~g`~ ngs rlstwgs vewr md sd`~ì "ggivmg : m“dild`~g,. Mgs id~ìrldw w~lmlsìs nd`s md ce`s~rwc~le` se`~ ~rdl~ìs g~ ce`nl~le``ìs- vewr kdrd`~lr mgwrs cdrdc~ìrls~ltwgs vrl`clvdmgs g~ mgwr dv~l~wng æ m“w) sdkg. Vdr dlmmgwrs- vmws w` id~ìrldw gs~ orw~- vmws lm d ogsel` ng ceivì~g`cgs vreagssle``gmmgs g~ ng sdqelr)adlrg vewr dndv~gr sd ilsg g` œwqrg æ sgs twdml~ìs lrrìkwmlârgs g~ æ sgs mlil~gs n“givmel.
Vrenwl~ sdl`
W` id~ìrldw sdl` cgssg ng m“ê~rg s“lm gs~ idm ils g` egwqrg ew ~rdl~ì dqgc ngs swos~d`cgs `eclqgs "ggivmg : vre~gc) ~le` ngs oels ce`~rg l`sgc~gs- ielslsswrgs g~ re`kgwrs,. Vdr dlmmgwrs- mgs id~ìrldw g` ce`~dc~ dqgc mgs diold`cgs l`~ìrlgwrgs vdr~lclvg`~ vmws ew iel`s gaalcdcgig`~ dw idl`~lg` ew æ m“diìmlerd~le` ngs ce`nl~le`s sd`l~dlrgs ng cgs diold`cgs "rìsls~d`cg æ md vremlaìrd~le` ng cbdiv) lk`e`s- odc~ìrlgs vd~bekâ`gs ew dmmgrkâ`gs,.
Vrenwl~ rgc|cmdomg
Ogdwcewv ng vrenwl~s- iêig ceivesl~gs- vgwqg`~ ê~rg rgc|cmìs vdr ngs ~gcb`ltwgs dvvrevrlìgs. Mg crl~ârg vgr~l) `g`~ gs~ m“gls~g`cg gaagc~lqg ng almlârgs ng rgc|cmdkg g~ mgs livdc~s kì`ìrìs vdr cg rgc|cmdkg.
Id~ìrldw rg`ewqgmdomg
Mgs id~ìrldw rg`ewqgmdomgs e`~ ngs nwrìgs ng rg`ewqgmmgig`~ qdrldomgs "4 d` vewr mg ml`- < vewr mg mlâkg- 36 g~ vmws vewr mg oels- g~c.,. Cgr~dl`s- ceiig mg ce~e`- se`~ vdr dlmmgwrs vdraels cwm~lqìs sgme` ngs iì~bengs ~râs `ìads~gs vewr m“g`qlre``gig`~.
Dkg`cg rìkle`dmg ng m+g`qlre``gig`~ g~ ngs `ewqgmmgs ì`grklgs Lmg)ng)Ard`cg
Mg cbel ng m“w`l~ì ae`c~le``gmmg Vewr ceivdrgr ngw vrenwl~s swr md odsg ng mgwr TG- lm adw~ nìal`lr w`g odsg ng ceivdrdlse` g` ~grigs ng sgrqlcg rg`nw. Dl`sl e` `g qd vds ceivdrgr ngw ve~s ng vgl`~wrg D g~ O ng 7 hk- idls md twd`~l~ì ng vgl`~wrg D g~ O `ìcgssdlrg vewr rgcew) qrlr 4 i? ng ~gmmg swradcg vg`nd`~ d``ìgs nd`s ~gmmg d~iesvbârg. M“w`l~ì ae`c~le``gmmg gs~ md twd`~l~ì ng vrenwl~ `ìcgssdlrg vewr rgivmlr w`g ae`c~le` ne``ìg. Md ae`c~le` nw vrenwl~ vdr~lclvg kì`ìrd) mgig`~ æ md TG ng m“ewqrdkg. Vdr ggivmgw` lsemd`~ ~bgriltwg vdr~lclvg æ md vgr) aerid`cg nw oï~lig`~ g` rìve`nd`~ dw glkg`cgs ng kgs~le` ng m“ì`grklg. Vewr mgs vrenwl~s vem|ae`c~le``gms- md ceivdrdlse` nel~ sg adlrg g` rìaìrg`cg æ m“ewqrdkg g` cg twl ce`cgr`g mgs cdrdc~ì) rls~ltwgs g~ m“dv~l~wng æ m“wsdkg. Gmmg rgs~g nlaalclmg twd`n mgs vgraerid`cgs g`qlre`) `gig`~dmgs nlaaârg`~ n“w`g clomg æ m“dw~rg. G` ceivmìig`~ ng md TG l`~rl`sâtwg ngs vrenwl~s- mgwr ”vmdcg g` œwqrg’ "9 ilsg g` œwqrg(ceivd~lolml~ì vb|slce)cbl) iltwg dqgc mgs id~ìrldw g` ce`~dc~, g~ md TG ngs dwlmldlrgs ng ilsg g` œwqrg se`~ nì~gril`d`~s.
Mgs ìcemdogms Mgs ìcemdogms s“dvvwlg`~ dwjewrn“bwl swr ngs d`dm|sgs ng c|cmg ng qlg. Ceiv~g ~g`w ngs svìclalcl~ìs ngs vrenwl~s ng ce`s~rwc) ~le` ) me`kwg nwrìg ng qlg- vmwrdml~ì ng ae`c~le`s- l`cerverd~le` nd`s w` ewqrdkg ) mgs adorlcd`~s `g vrevesgre`~ vmws n“ìce) mdogms ard`ëdls g~ gwrevìg`s vewr mgwrs vrenwl~s. Sgwms mgs vgl`~wrgs g~ qgr`ls g~ mgs cemmgs vewr rgqê~gig`~s ng sem e`~ adl~ m“eojg~ n“w` ìcemdogm ard`ëdls "idrtwg @A G`qlre``gig`~,- mgs vgl`~wrgs g~ qgr`ls d|d`~ ìkdmgig`~ adl~ m‒eojg~ n“w` ìcemdogm gwrevìg`. Lm gls~g g` rgqd`cbg w` cgr) ~dl` `eiorg n“ìcemdogms `d~le`dw ng vrenwl~s ng ce`s~rwc~le` nd`s cgr~dl`s vd|s gwrevìg`s g~ bers Gwrevg.
Cdrdc~ìrlsd~le` ng md TG ngs vrenwl~s ng ce`s~rwc~le` : md `erig @A RV V64)646 Vewr rìve`nrg æ md ngid`ng n“l`aerid) ~le`s swr md TG ngs vrenwl~s- d ì~ì rìnlkìg md `erig gvìrlig`~dmg RV V64)646 swr mg ”ce`~g`w ng m“l`aerid~le` swr mgs cdrdc~ìrls~ltwgs g`qlre``gig`~dmgs ngs vrenwl~s ng ce`s~rwc~le`’. Cg~~g `erig d vewr eojg~ ng nìal`lr md `d~wrg ngs l`aerid~le`s swr md twdml~ì g`qlre``gig`~dmg ngs vrenwl~s twg mgs adorlcd`~s ngqre`~ aewr`lr dal` twg cgs l`aerid~le`s selg`~ qìrlaldomgs- vrìclsgs
Md `erig gvìrlig`~dmg RV V64)646 ) cbdvl~rg 4 : ”iì~benemeklg g~ ienâmg ~|vg ng nìcmdrd~le` g`qlre``gig`~dmg’ Mgs ne``ìgs ce`cgr`d`~ md twdml~ì g`qlre``gig`~dmg ngs vrenwl~s vreqlg``g`~ n“l`qg`) ~dlrgs ng c|cmg ng qlg twl ce`sls~g`~- g` dccern dqgc md `erig LSE 4>6>6- æ lng`~lalgr g~ twd`~lalgr vewr cbdtwg ì~dvg ng md qlg n+w` vrenwl~ "g~rdc~le` ngs id~lârgs vrgilârgsvrenwc~le`- ~rd`sver~- ilsg g` œwqrg- qlg g` œwqrg - al` ng n g qlg, mgs amw rgëws ng ew ìils qgrs mgs ilmlgw `d~wrgms. Mgs amw se`~ vrls g` ceiv~g dqgc mgwrs vesslolml~ìs ng rgc|cmd) kg ew ng qdmerlsd~le` ì`grkì~ltwg : ce`seiid~le` ngs rgssewrcgs `d~wrgmmgs ì`grkì~ltwgs- rg`ewqgmdomgs ew `e`- `e` ì`grkì~ltwgs- gdw- ì`grklg rìcwvìrìg- id~lârg rìcwvìrìg ìilssle`s nd`s m“dlr- m“gdw- g~ mg sem vrenwc~le` ng nìcbg~s- lng`~lalìs sgme` md cmdsslalcd~le` g` qlkwgwr "NL- NLO- NLSnìcbg~s rdnledc~las, Vewr cbdtwg ne``ìg mg aewr`lssgwr nw vrenwl~ nel~ vrìclsgr : sd rgvrìsg`~d~lql~ì kìekrdvbltwg- ~givergmmg- ~gcb`emekltwg se` erlkl`g : olomlekrdvbltwg "rìaìrg`cg ng md sewrcg,- nlrg n“gvgr~s- adorlcd`~ ew dc~gwr dqdm "nls~rlow~gwr- idà~rg n“œwqrg- g`~rgvrlsg- ..., dw~gwr- mg ie|g` n“| dccìngr sd nd~g- se` dw~gwrse` ieng n“eo~g`~le` : igswrg swr sl~g "~|vg n“ìcbd`~lmme``dkg g~ iì~benemeklg ng igswrg,- ienìmlsd~le` ew scì`drle "ce`nl~le`s- b|ve~bâsgs,.
g~ w~lmlsdomgs vdr mgs vreagssle``gms ce`cgr`ìs. Gmmg `“d vds vewr eojg~ ng aewr`lr ngs crl~ârgs ng cbel `l ng blìrdr) cblsd~le` ew n“l`~grvrì~d~le` ng cgs l`aer) id~le`s. Md vrgilârg vdr~lg- ~rdl~g ng md vrìsg`~d~le` ngs ne``ìgs orw~gs- md sgce`ng ng mgwr w~lmlsd~le`. Vdrdmmâmgig`~ ngs ew~lms s“ìmdoerg`~ vewr gvmel~gr mgs rg`sglk`gig`~s dvver~ìs vdr mgs DCQ ngs vrenwl~s g~ adclml~gr mgwr w~lml) sd~le`. Vdril cgw)cl- cl~e`s md odsg ng ne``ìgs L@LGS ilsg dw vel`~ vdr mg CS^O æ md ngid`ng ng m“DNGIG.
MGS G@JGWR G@QL_E@@GIG@^DWR W`g aels ce``wgs mgs ce`seiid~le`s g~ mgs ìilssle`s- mgs ceivdrdlse`s ngqlg`) `g`~ vesslomgs idls rgs~g`~ g` kì`ìrdm nlaalclmgs ceiv~g ~g`w nw krd`n `eiorg ng ne``ìgs "twgmtwgs cg`~dl`gs,. C“gs~ vewrtwel e` cbgrcbg æ rìnwlrg mgwr qemw) ig g` d`dm|sd`~ mgwr ce`~rlow~le` æ w` cgr~dl` `eiorg ng cd~ìkerlgs n“livdc~s. W` ce`sg`sws s“gs~ nìkdkì dw~ewr n“w` cgr~dl` `eiorg n“g`~rg gw- rgvrls nd`s mg cbdvl~rg ? ng md `erig RV V64)646. Mgs vrl`clvdw n“g`~rg gw se`~ nì~dlmmìs cl) dvrâs.
M“ìvwlsgig`~ ngs id~lârgs vrgilârgs
Mgs id~lârgs vrgilârgs vrìsg`~gs nd`s mg sem gls~g`~ g` twd`~l~ì mlil~ìg. Cgr~dl`gs se`~ rdrgs- n“dw~rgs doe`nd`) ~gs. Md swrgvmel~d~le` n“w`g rgssewrcg rg`ewqgmdomg vgw~ ce`nwlrg æ se` ìvwlsg) ig`~. Vdr dlmmgwrs- w`g gvmel~d~le` l`ce`slnìrìg vgw~ g`~rdà`gr w`g vgr~g
{{{.drg`glna.erk
lrrìqgrslomg ng olenlqgrsl~ì- ceiig nd`s mgs aerê~s ~revlcdmgs vrlidlrgs ew cgr~dl) `gs aerê~s gwrevìg``gs vmd`~ìgs ng rìsl) `gw. C“gs~ vewrtwel md mlil~d~le` nw kdsvlmmdkg- ng md ilsg g` nìcbdrkg g~ md rìw~lmlsd~le` ew mg rgc|cmdkg dvvdrdlssg`~ ceiig ngs d~~l~wngs l`nlsvg`sdomgs. Nd`s cg~~g ev~ltwg lm liver~g ng rgcbgr) cbgr ngs semw~le`s vgrig~~d`~ ng nlil) `wgr md twd`~l~ì ng id~lârg w~lmlsìg : ìce) `eilgs ng id~lârgs vdr w` cdmcwm ngs s~rwc~wrgs ev~lilsì- mlil~d~le` ngs cbw) ~gs vdr w` oe` cdmgvl`dkg- nì~dlms ~gcb) `ltwgs ìql~d`~ ngs vre~gc~le`s ceivmì) ig`~dlrgs ew dw ce`~rdlrg- dnnl~las ew almis l`cerverìs rg`aerëd`~ mg id~ìrldw g~ vgrig~~d`~ ng mlil~gr mgs twd`~l~ìs ilsgs g` œwqrg : nd`s cbdtwg cds w` olmd` dqd`~dkgs% l`ce`qì`lg`~s gs~ æ adlrg.
M“ìvwlsgig`~
ngs rgssewrcgs ì`grkì~ltwgs aesslmgs Vmws ng ;6 ' ngs li) vdc~s swr m“g`qlre``g) ig`~ g~ìrlgwr nw c|cmg ng qlg ngs oï~lig`~s se`~ nws æ mgwr vbdsg n“w~lmlsd~le`- g~ vmws vrìclsìig`~ æ mgwr ce`seiid~le` n“ì`grklg vg`nd`~ cg~~g vbdsg "cbdwaadkg- vrenwc~le` n“gdw cbdwng sd`l~dlrg- qg`~lmd~le`- ìcmdlrdkgcmlid~lsd~le` vewr mgs owrgdw,. Mgs ì`grklgs aesslmgs se`~ nlsve`lomgs g` twd`~l~ìs mlil~ìgs g~ mgs livdc~s ng mgwr w~lmlsd~le` "nìkdkgig`~s ng CE? g~ dw~rgs kdz æ gaag~ ng sgrrg- vrenwc~le` ng nìcbg~s rdnledc~las, se`~ nlaalclmgs æ kìrgr. Mgs oï~lig`~s ngs sgc~gwrs rìslng`~lgm g~
Md `erig gvìrlig`~dmg RV V64)646 ) cbdvl~rg ? : ”Cdnrg n“gvmel~d~le` ngs cdrdc~ìrls~ltwgs g`qlre``gig`~dmgs vewr dvvmlcd~le` æ w` ewqrdkg ne``ì’ Cg~~g vdr~lg d vewr eojg~ ng cdrdc~ìrlsgr md ce`~rlow~le` ngs vrenwl~s dw livdc~s g`ql) re``gig`~dw n“w` ewqrdkg ne``ì. Gmmg l`nltwg twgmmgs l`aerid~le`s nelqg`~ ê~rg rgcbgrcbìgs g~ ceiig`~ mgs gvmel~gr. Gmmg vrevesg w`g mls~g ce`sg`swgmmg ng cd~ìkerlgs n“livdc~s g`qlre``gig`~dw dwtwgms se`~ rdvver~ìs mgs amw lssws ng m“l`qg`~dlrg nw c|cmg ng qlg. E` nls~l`kwg mgs livdc~s twl ce`cgr`g`~ : ~ews mgs vrenwl~s : ce`seiid~le`s ng rgssewrcgs ì`grkì~ltwgs rg`ewqgmdomgs g~ `e` rg`ewqgmdomgs-ng rgssewrcgs `e` ì`grkì~ltwgs- n“gdw- cbd`kgig`~ cmlid~ltwg- dclnl) alcd~le` d~iesvbìrltwg- vemmw~le` ng m“dlr g~ ng m“gdw- rgjg~ ng nìcbg~s semlngs 8 cgr~dl`s vrenwl~s : vemmw~le` ngs sems- ngs~rwc~le` ng md cewcbg n“eze`g s~rd~esvbì) rltwg- aerid~le` n“eze`g vbe~ecbliltwg- ienlalcd~le` ng md olenlqgrsl~ì 8 md ce`cgv~le` ng m“ewqrdkg ew se` gvmel~d~le` : twdml~ì sd`l~dlrg ng m“gdw g~ ngs gsvd) cgs l`~ìrlgwrs- ce`aer~.
~gr~ldlrg ce`seiig`~ d``wgmmgig`~- æ gw sgwms- vmws ng >6' ng m“ì`grklg ce`seiiìg g` Ard`cg g~ rgjg~~g`~ vmws nw twdr~ ngs ìilssle`s ng kdz cdroe) `ltwg. Mgs ìce`eilgs n“ì`grklg g~%ew mg rgcewrs æ ngs ì`grklgs vgw vemmwd`~gs g~ rg`ewqg) mdomgs se`~ ne`c w`g vrlerl~ì nd`s w`g vgrsvgc~lqg ng nìqgmevvgig`~ nwrdomgdl`sl twg mg cbel ng vrenwl~s vgrig~~d`~ n“d~~gl`nrg cgs eojgc~las.
Md ngs~rwc~le`
ng m“eze`g s~rd~esvbìrltwg Md cewcbg n+eze`g s~rd~esvbìrltwg twl vre~âkg ngs rd|e``g) ig`~s WQ semdlrgs rgsve`sdomgs ngs cd`) cgrs ng md vgdw gs~ `e~diig`~ nì~rwl~g vdr mgs CAC vrìsg`~s nd`s mgs cmlid~l) sgwrs : mgwr wsdkg wsdkg gs~ l`~grnl~ nd`s mgs vd|s slk`d~dlrgs nw vre~ecemg ng Ie`~rìdm ngvwls 4<2;- ne`~ md Ard`cg adl~ vdr~lgidls lms rgs~g`~ vrìsg`~s nd`s ng `ei) orgwsgs l`s~dmmd~le`s d`clg``gs g~ nelqg`~ ê~rg rìcwvìrìs g~ nì~rwl~s vrevrgig`~. Mgs @E vrenwl~s vdr m“e|nd~le` ng m“dze) ~g ng m“dlr mers ng md ceiows~le` ngs ì`gr) klgs aesslmgs w~lmlsìgs vewr mg cbdwaadkg ngs oï~lig`~ ce`~rlowg`~ æ æ md crìd~le` n“e) ze`g nd`s mgs qlmmgs- kdz lrrl~d`~ rgsve`sd) omg ng rìdc~le`s l`amdiid~elrgs cbgz mgs vgrse``gs sg`slomgs- mgs g`ad`~s g~ mgs vgr) se``gs ïkìgs. Cgs ìilssle`s vgwqg`~ ê~rg slk`lalcd~lqgig`~ rìnwl~gs vdr md kì`ìrdml) sd~le` ngs cbdwnlârgs æ bdw~ rg`ngig`~ g~ ngs orømgwrs æ ods @E.
Mg cbd`kgig`~ cmlid~ltwg
Mg rd|e``gig`~ semdlrg rìcbdwaag md swradcg ng md ^grrg twl rì)ìig~ w`g vdr) ~lg ng cg~~g ì`grklg sews aerig ng rd|e``gig`~ l`ard)rewkg. Cg rd|e``g)
ig`~ gs~ doseroì vdr mgs kdz æ gaag~ ng sgrrg "vrl`clvdmgig`~ qdvgwr n“gdw- kdz cdroe`ltwg g~ iì~bd`g,- cg twl d vewr gaag~ ng rìcbdwaagr m“d~iesvbârg- sd`s twel md ~givìrd~wrg ie|g``g nw kmeog sgrdl~ ng –42¶C- g~ ~ew~g qlg sgrdl~ livesslomg. Ngvwls w` slâcmg- md cei) ows~le` ngs ì`grklgs aesslmgs "cbdroe`vì~remg, d dccrw md ce`cg`~rd~le` ng m“d~) iesvbârg g` kdz cdroe`ltwg- n“eü w` rìcbdwaagig`~ kmeodm gs~liì æ vmwslgwrs ngkrìs n“lcl md al` nw slâcmg- dqgc ceiig ce`sìtwg`cg w`g ìmìqd~le` nw `lqgdw ngs ecìd`s- w`g ienlalcd~le` ngs cml) id~s g~ nw rìklig ngs vmwlgs- m“dvvdrl) ~le` ng idmdnlgs ~revlcdmgs g` ze`gs ~givìrìgs- g~c.
Md vrìsgrqd~le` ng
md rgssewrcg gdw Mgs vrenwl~s g~ s|s~â) igs ce`s~rwc~las twl vgrig~~g`~ ng rìnwl) rg mgs ce`seiid) ~le`s n“gdw ve~domg ce`~rlowg`~ æ md vrì) sgrqd~le` n“w`g rgssewrcg ig`dcìg ng vmws g` vmws ceø~gwsg æ vrenwlrg 8 ng vmws- cgr~dl`s vrenwl~s vgwqg`~ mers ng mgwr adorlcd~le` ew ng mgwr ìmlil`d~le` vemmwgr mgs `dvvgs vbrìd~ltwgs.
Md nìkrdnd~le`
ngs sems Mg sem vgw~ ê~rg vem) mwì vdr ngs rgjg~s- vdr m“g`aewlssgig`~ ng nìcbg~s g~ vmws ew iel`s vgr~wroì vdr mgs ae`nd~le`s. M“dm~l~wng nw rgz)ng)cbdwssìg g~ m“diì) `dkgig`~ vd|sdkgr ngs doerns vgrig~) ~g`~ ng mlil~gr mgs qemwigs ng ~grrg æ nìvmdcgr. Vdr dlmmgwrs- mgs semw~le`s twl ce`~rlowg`~ æ ìql~gr m“ìresle` ngs sems- æ mlil~gr md nlil`w~le` ngs ~grrgs cwm~lqd)
{{{.drg`glna.erk
omgs g~ æ mlil~gr mgs rgjg~s n“gdw vmwqldmg dw rìsgdw vwomlc se`~ kì`ìrdmgig`~ adqerdomgs.
Md sd`~ì
Mgs vrenwl~s ng ce`s) ~rwc~le` vdr~lclvg`~ æ md twdml~ì ngs di) old`cgs l`~ìrlgwrgs vdr : ngs ìilssle`s ng swos~d`cgs `eclqgs "kdz g~ vewsslârgs, g` vbdsg ng adorl) cd~le`ngs ìilssle`s g` vbdsg ng ilsg g` œwqrg g~ ng qlg g` œwqrgmgwr adclml~ì adclml~ì ng `g~~e|dkg `g~~e|dkg g~ g~ mgwr dv~l) dv~l) ~wng æ m“givewsslârgig`~ g~ æ m“dc) cwglm ng vdrdsl~gs ~gms twg dcdrlg`sielslsswrgs- cbdivlk`e`s- omd~~gs "rgqê~gig`~s ng sem g~ ng iwrsrìsgdw ng qg`~lmd~le`,mgs ìilssle`s ìilssle`s ngs vrenwl~s vrenwl~s n“g`~rg) n“g`~rg) ~lg`.
E` nì`eiorg vmws ng 26 vemmwd`~s nd`s m“dlr l`~ìrlgwr ngs oï~lig`~s. Mgs vrenwl~s ng ce`s~rwc~le` vgwqg`~ adqe) rlsgr ew givêcbgr m“ìilssle` ew mg nìqgmevvgig`~ n“w` cgr~dl` `eiorg n“g`~rg gw. Lm gs~ sewbdl~domg ng rgcbgrcbgr ngs id~ìrldw vgw vem) mwd`~s s“evvesd`~ nwrdomgig`~ æ md crelssd`cg n“dkg`~s vd~bekâ`gs ew dmmgrkâ`gs "ielslsswrgs- cbdivlk`e`s ew odc~ìrlgs,. M“bwilnl~ì d w`g l`clng`cg liver~d`~g swr md sd`~ì ngs oï~lig`~s g~ ngs l`nlql) nws 8 m“dv~l~wng ngs id~ìrldw gs~ gssg`~lgmmg vewr ìql~gr mgs s~dk`d~le`s n“bwilnl~ì g~ mgwrs gaag~s `eclas "nìqg) mevvgig`~ ng ilcre)erkd`lsigs vd~bekâ`gs ew dmmgrkâ`gs,. G`al`- mg cbel ngs vrenwl~s d w`g l`cl) ng`cg swr md sd`~ì ngs ewqrlgrs twl ce`s~rwlsg`~ g~ g`~rg~lg``g`~ mgs oï~l) ig`~s. Mgs idmdnlgs vreagssle``gmmgs mgs vmws arìtwg`~gs se`~ n“doern nwgs dw orwl~- vwls æ md id`w~g`~le` ngs vrenwl~s- dw id`lgig`~ ngs ew~lms g~ idcbl`gs g~ dw ce`~dc~ ngs vrenwl~s `eclas ew lrrl~d`~s dqgc mgs |gw- md vgdw ew mgs iwtwgwsgs. i wtwgwsgs. Md adorlcd~le` ew m“ìmlil`d~le` g` al` ng qlg ng cgr~dl`s vrenwl~s ng ce`s~rwc) ~le` ìig~ ngs swos~d`cgs `eclqgs vewr md sd`~ì bwidl`g "kdz g~ vewsslârgs, g~%ew vewr cgmmg ngs ìces|s~âigs "iì~dw mewrns- nlel`gs- B|nre) cdrowrgs Dreid~ltwgs Vem|c|cmltwgs,.
Mgs nìcbg~s
Md mel `¶;7)133 nw 41%6;%;7 ce`slnârg ceiig nìcbg~ ”~ew~ rìslnw n“w` vrecgssws ng vrenwc~le`- ng ~rd`s) aerid~le` ew n“w~lmlsd~le`- ~ew~g swos~d`cgid~ìrldw- vrenwl~ ew vmws kì`ìrdmgig`~
cd~le` ew ng nìieml~le` `e` iìmd`kìs æ ngs NLO ngs oì~e`s- ngs orltwgs- ngs ~wl) mgs g~ cìrdiltwgs g` ae`~ vdr~lg.
Mgs Nìcbg~s l`nws~rlgms od`dms "NLO, : `l nd`kgrgw- `l l`gr~gs- lms vgwqg`~ ê~rg rgc|cmìs ew ~rdl~ìs ceiig mgs nìcbg~s iì`dkgrs. lm s“dkl~ ngs oels oels `e` ~rdl~ìsnw ol~wig- nw qgrrg g~ ngs vmds~ltwgs.
~ew~ olg` igwomg dod`ne``ì ew twg se` nì~g`~gwr ngs~l`g æ m“dod`ne`’. Mgs ~|vgs ng
nìcbg~s kì`ìrìs vdr mgs vrenwl~s ng ce`s) ~rwc~le` ~ew~ dw me`k ng mgwr qlg e`~ ngs livdc~s swr m“g`qlre``gig`~ g~ md sd`~ì. Md mìklsmd~le` ard`ëdlsg nls~l`kwg ~rels ~|vgs ng nìcbg~s- sgme` mgwr nd`kgresl~ì.
Mgs Nìcbg~s l`nws~rlgms svìcldw "NLS, vrìsg`~g`~ ngs nd`kgrs vewr md sd`~ì ew m“g`qlre``gig`~ g~ nelqg`~ adlrg m“eojg~ ng ~rdl~gig`~s svìcldw : `gw~rdmlsd~le` vb|slce)cbliltwg- l`cl`ìrd~le` ce`~rþ) mìg dqgc ~rdl~gig`~ ngs cg`nrgs g~ ngs awiìgs- s~echdkg dvrâs ce`al`gig`~ ew ”l`gr~dkg’ g` ~d`~ twg nìcbg~s wm~ligs dqgc swrqglmmd`cg. G` ae`~ vdr~lg m“dild`) ~g- mgs swlgs g~ mgs kewnre`s lssws ngs cbd`~lgrs ng nìieml~le`- mgs oels ~rdl~ìs dqgc ngs sgms ew ngs e|ngs ng iì~dw mewrns ew g`cerg æ md crìese~g.
Mgs Nìcbg~s l`gr~gs "NL, e`~ vgw n“livdc~ swr m“g`qlre``gig`~ : ”G` cds ng s~echd) kg- dwcw`g ienlalcd~le` vb|sltwg- cbl) iltwg ew olemekltwg liver~d`~g. Lms `g sg nìceivesg`~ vds- `g orømg`~ vds- `g vrenwlsg`~ dwcw`g rìdc~le` cbliltwgvb|sltwg ew olemekltwg ng `d~wrg æ `wlrg æ m“g`qlre``gig`~. Mgwr ve~g`~lgm vem) mwd`~ g~ mgwr ~g`gwr ìmìig`~dlrg g` vem) mwd`~s dl`sl twg mgwr ìce~elcl~ì nelqg`~ ê~rg l`slk`lald`~s’. Mgs nìcbg~s ng adorl)
n“ì`grklg gs~ w`g aerig ng qdmerlsd~le`,. C“gs~ vewrtwel e` nls~l`kwg w` twd~rlâig ~|vg ng nìcbg~- mgs nìcbg~s n“giodmmdkgtwl vgwqg`~ ê~rg ngs NLO ew ngs NLS. Mgs nìcbg~s nelqg`~ ê~rg ~rdl~ìs g` ae`c~le` ng mgwr s~d~w~. W` iìmd`kg d mg s~d~w~ nw nìcbg~ mg vmws nd`kgrgw ce`~g`w. Mgs nìcbdrkgs se`~ rgivmdcìgs vdr ngs cg`~rgs ng s~echdkg- nìcbdrkgs ce`~rþmìgs ng cdrdc~ìrls~ltwgs kìemekltwgs nìal`lgs g` ae`c~le` nw ~|vg ng nìcbg~s tw“gmmgs dccwglmmg`~ : cmdssg 4 vewr mgs nìcbg~s nd`) kgrgw "NN, ne`~ ae`~ vdr~lg mgs NLS- cmds) sg ? vewr mgs nìcbg~s iì`dkgrs ew dsslil) mìs "NID, g~ mgs NLO 8 cmdssg 3 vewr mgs nìcbg~s l`gr~gs "NL,. D vdr~lr ng jwlmmg~ ?66?- md mel l`~grnl~ md ilsg g` nìcbdrkg ng nìcbg~s `e` wm~ligs "sgme` md mel 1 nw 43%6;%
Mg nìcrg~ <>)16< nw 43%6;%<> eomlkg mgs g`~rgvrlsgs æ qdmerlsgr mgwrs nìcbg~s n“gi) odmmdkg "m“l`cl`ìrd~le` dqgc rìcwvìrd~le`
MDSS SSGI GIG@ G@^ ^ G^ ^_ ^_DL DL^G ^GIG IG@^ @^ VE VESS SSLO LOMG MG NG TW TWGM GMTW TWGS GS NÌ NÌCB CBG^ G^S S NG CE CE@S @S^_ ^_WC WC^L ^LE@ E@ CMD ^\VGS NG NÌCBG^ NÌCBG^S NID %NLO Mlâkg Oels- vd``gdw ng vdr~lcwmgs g~ vmdcdkgs ng oels ce`~g`d`~ ngs sgms ew ngs e|ngs ng iì~dw mewrns ew g`cerg ng md crìese~g Dw~rgs nìcbg~s ng oels Nìcbg~s ng vgl`~wrgs g~ qgr`ls ce`~g`d`~ ngs semqd`~s bdmekì`ìs ew `e` Nìcbg~s ng vgl`~wrgs g~ qgr`ls æ m“gdw "sd`s semqd`~, ) @e` nd`kgrgw ) Nd`kgrgw Oì~e` Orltwgs ^wlmgs g~ cìrdiltwgs Id~ìrldw æ odsg ng k|vsg Id~ìrldw æ odsg n“dild`~g Qgrrg Id~lârgs vmds~ltwgs Kewnre`s g~ id~ìrldw ce`~g`d`~ ngs kewnre`s Id~ìrldw æ odsg ng ol~wigs g~ dsvbdm~gs Iì~dw g~ dmmldkgs ^grrgs g~ cdlmmew ) ng sems vemmwìs ) `e` vemmwìs Mdl`gs ng qgrrg- ng recbg ew ng mdl~lgr Dw~rgs id~ìrldw n“lsemd~le`
NL
ALMLÂ_GS N“ÌMLIL@D^LE@
S~ech. S~ech. S~ech. NN% NLS cmdssg 4 Cmdssg ? Cmdssg 3 _gc| c|ccmd mdkkg
L`cl L` cl``ìr ìrdd~l ~lee`
{{{.drg`glna.erk
M“ì~ltwg~dkg ngs vrenwl~s ce`~g`d`~ ngs swos~d`cgs nd`kgrgwsgs W`g qlklmd`cg s“livesg swr m“ì~ltwg~dkg rìkmgig`~dlrg ngs vrenwl~s ils g` œwqrg- g` vdr~lcwmlgr ngs cemmgs- ids~lcs- g`nwl~s- vgl`~wrgsmdswrgs- qgr`ls- rìsl`gs- ~ews vrenwl~s ce`~g`d`~ ngs semqd`~s ngs~l`ìs æ s“ìqdvergr mers ng mgwr ilsg g` œwqrg- idls dwssl ngs vrenwl~s vwmqìrwmg`~s ew alorgw swscgv~lomgs ng vreqetwgr ngs lrrl~d~le`s ew ngs mìsle`s lrrìqgrslomgs vdr ce`~dc~ dqgc md vgdw ew dqgc mgs iwtwgwsgs. Mgs rlstwgs mlìs æ md id`lvwmd~le` ngs vrenwl~s se`~ lng`~laldomgs krïcg æ w`g l`aerid~le` `eridmlsìg eomlkd~elrg alkwrd`~ swr mgs giodm) mdkgs : meke "ca. cl)ngssews, g~ vbrdsgs ng rlstwg ~gmmgs twg /lrrl~d`~ vewr md vgdw g~ mgs |gw/ ew /`ecla vdr l`bdmd~le` g~ vdr l`kgs~le`’. Vdr dlmmgwrs- cgs rlstwgs g~ mgs ie|g`s ng mgs idà~rlsgr se`~ nìcrl~s nd`s mgs Alcbgs ng Ne``ìgs ng Sìcwrl~ì- l`aerid~le`s `eridmlsìgs twg mg aewr`lssgwr gs~ ~g`w vdr md mel ng aewr`lr swr slivmg ngid`ng. W`g nls~l`c~le` gs~ æ adlrg g`~rg swos~d`cgs lrrl~d`~gs "Rl, g~ swos~d`cgs `eclqgs "R`,- ne`~ mgs gaag~s swr md sd`~ì se`~ ~râs nlaaìrg`~s idm) krì m“lng`~l~ì ngs mekes : mgs vrgilârgs vrenwlsg`~ ngs gaag~s lrrìqgrslomgs mers n“w`g gvesl~le` vreme`kìg ew rìvì~ìg dmers twg mgs sgce`) ngs vgwqg`~ vrenwlrg ngs gaag~s lrrìqgrslomgs mers n“w`g sgwmg gvesl~le`. C“gs~ vewrtwel- nd`s w`g nìidrcbg BTG- e` ìql~g g` kì`ìrdm ng rgcewrlr dw vrenwl~s ce`~g`d`~ ngs swos~d`cgs `eclqgs g` twd`~l~ìs swaalsd`~gs vewr livesgr m“ì~ltwg~dkg /R`/ "g~ d aer~lerl mgs ì~l) twg~dkgs /^ ~eltwg/ ew /^( ~râs ~eltwg/,- dmers twg m“e` ~emârg mgs vrenwl~s ì~ltwg~ìs /Rl/ "4,- æ ce`nl~le` twg mg vrenwl~ w`g aels ils g` œwqrg vgrng ~ew~ cdrdc~ârg nd`kgrgw vewr md sd`~ì- ew /C Cerresla/- æ ce`nl~le` tw“lms selg`~ id`lvwmìs dqgc mgs vrìcdw~le`s twl s“li) vesg`~. D cg~ ìkdrn- lm adw~ `e~gr twg mg ce`~dc~ nw clig`~ dqgc md vgdw gs~ rgsve`sdomg n“w`g ngril~g krdqg nwg dw cbreig bgdqdmg`~ tw“lm ce`~lg`~ merstw“lm gs~ id`lvwmì sd`s kd`~s- dmers twg mgs vewsslârgs ng oels se`~ ve~g`~lgmmgig`~ cd`cìrekâ`gs vdr l`bdmd~le` "cd`cgr ng m“g~bieång- es ngs aessgs `dsdmgs- idmdnlg vreagssle``gmmg ngs sclgwrs ng oels, : cgcl `g slk`lalg vds tw“e` l`~grnlrd m‒wsdkg nw clig`~ ew nw oels- idls twg m“e` glkgrd mg rgsvgc~ ngs vrìce`lsd~le`s n“givmel qlsd`~ æ idà~rlsgr mgs rlstwgs mlìs æ mgwr ilsg g` œwqrg- `e~di) ig`~ mg ver~ ngs vre~gc~le`s l`nlqlnwgmmgs vrìce`lsìgs vdr mgs aewr`lssgwrs "?, : kd`~s vewr mg clig`~- idstwg rgsvlrd~elrg g~ mw`g~~gs vewr md nìcewvg nw oels. W` meke /@/ slk`dmg w` vrenwl~ ce`~g`d`~ w`g twd`~l~ì slk`lalcd~lqg ng swos~d`cg nd`kgrgwsg vewr m“g`qlre``gig`~ : sdwa cds vdr~lcw) mlgr nøig`~ jws~lalì- ng ~gms vrenwl~s `“e`~ vds mgwr vmdcg swr w` cbd`~lgr ng ce`s~rwc~le` ng oï~lig`~ nd`s w`g nìidrcbg BTG. Ì~ltwg~dkg rìkmgig`~dlrg ngs vrenwl~s nd`kgrgw
^ ^eltwg
^( ^râs ~eltwg
R` @ecla
Rl Lrrl~d`~
C Cerresla
@ Nd`kgrgw vewr m“g`qlre``gig`~
"4,
G` kì`ìrdm- vewr cbdtwg vrenwl~ ì~ltwg~ì /R`/- lm gls~g w` ìtwlqdmg`~ ng cdrdc~ìrls~ltwgs ae`c~le``gmmgs ae`c~le``gmmgs swaalsdiig`~ vrecbgs- idls sgwmgig`~ /Rl/ ew iêig nìvewrqw ng ~ew~ ì~ltwg~dkg ng vrenwl~ nd`kgrgw.
"?,
Md vre~gc~le` ng md sd`~ì ngs vesgwrs rgmâqg nw Ceng nw ^rdqdlm- idls md ierolnl~ì liver~d`~g liver~d`~g nw sgc~gwr nw O^V l`cl~g æ vrg`nrg ngs igswrgs ng vrìcdw~le` qlsd`~ æ mlil~gr qeme`~dlrgig`~ md vrìsg`cg swr mg cbd`~lgr ng swos~d`cgs nd`kgrgwsgs vewr md sd`~ì ew vewr m“g`qlre``gig`~.
G~wng rìdmlsìg vewr m“Drg`g Lmg)ng)Ard`cg sews md ceernl`d~le` ng Sevblg Orl`ngm)Og~b dqgc md vdr~lclvd~le` ng KGCEO Ce`sglm G`qlre``gig`~ "Sgrkg Slnereaa g~ Bwogr~ Vì`lcdwn,. Ce`~dc~ Drg`g LnA : Neil`ltwg Sgmmlgr ^ìm. : 64 73 27 14 ;7 ) gidlm : nsgmmlgrFdrg`glna. erk
{{{.drg`glna.erk
> 6 % 4 6 ` e l ~ d c l ` w i i e C M O
NÌID_CBG NG BDW^G TWDML^Ì G@QL_E@@GIG@^DMG NGS OÏ^LIG@^S
CEIV IVE ESL SL^ ^LE LE@ @ NW OÏ OÏ^ ^LI LIG@ G@^ ^ NÌCE G@ EW EWQ_ Q_D DKG KGSS AE@ E@C C^LE LE@ @@G @GMS MS CG TW“LM ADW^ SDQEL_ ✞
W` oï~lig`~ dsswrg ngs ae`c~le`s kì`ìrdmgs n“dorl g~ ng ce`s~l~w~le` n“gsvdcgs g~ n“diold`cgs dndv) ~ìs æ se` wsdkg "bdol~d~le`- owrgdw- ceiigrcgsver~-‡,.
✞
E` `“d~~g`n vds mgs iêigs twdml~ìs n“w` newomdkg lsemd`~ twg n“w` vmd`cbgr : mg cbel ngs vrenwl~s sg agrd swr ngs odsgs ~e~dmgig`~ nlaaìrg`~gs swlqd`~ m“ìmìig`~ ce`s~rwc~la vewr mgtwgm e` qgw~ mgs w~lmlsgr.
✞
Cbdtwg vdr~lg ng md ce`s~rwc~le` "ae`nd~le`siwrs- vmd`cbgrs- ~el~wrgs-‡, dsswig ngs ae`c) ~le`s vdr~lcwmlârgs ce`cewrd`~ æ m“gaalcdcl~ì- æ m“dv) ~l~wng æ m“wsdkg g~ æ m“dkrìig`~ nw oï~lig`~.
✞
C“gs~ vewrtwel e` nìceivesg mg oï~lig`~ g` sews)g`sgi) omgs ew ewqrdkgs ae`c~le``gms- vwls e` gdil`g ewqrdkg vdr ewqrdkg md vgr~l`g`cg- `e~diig`~ g`qlre``gig`~dmg- ng m“w~lmlsd~le` ngs nlaaìrg`~gs semw~le`s ce`s~rwc~lqgs.
Lsemd~le` ~bgriltwg g~ dccews~ltwg
Cmelse`s
^el~wrgs ~grrdssgs
^el~wrgs l`cml`ìgs
Ig`wlsgrlgs g~ ql~rdkgs g~ìrlgwrs Iwrs ewmìs g` vmdcg
Vmd`cbgrs Iwrs ver~gwrs g` idëe``grlg ng vg~l~s ìmìig`~s
e` e `s g~ odrrlârgs
Mgs ae`c~le`s gssg`~lgmmgs twg nel~ dssw) rgr md ce`s~rwc~le` nd`s se` g`sgiomg se`~ rgmd~lqgig`~ ce`s~d`~gs "n“dvrâs md mls~g ngs vgraerid`cgs n“g`sgiomg n“w` oï~lig`~ – LSE NLS ;41>, : s~dolml~ìsìcwrl~ì dw agw- sìcwrl~ì n“w~lmlsd~le`vgriìdolml~ì- b|kre~bgriltwg- vwrg~ì ng m“dlr- vgraerid`cgs dcews~ltwgs qlswgmmgs- ~dc~lmgs- grke`eiltwgs- b|klâ) `g- dndv~d~le` æ m“w~lmlsd~le` svìclaltwgnwrdolml~ì- ìce`eilg. Md rìvdr~l~le` ng cgs ae`c~le`s g`~rg mgs nlaaìrg`~s ewqrdkgs vgw~ qdrlgr swlqd`~
S|s~âigs S|s~â igs `s~rwc `s~rwc~~ s æ essd~wrg
mgs vrl`clvgs ce`s~rwc~las. Dl`sl md ae`c~le` ng s~dolml~ì s~rwc~wrgmmg "ngscg`~g ngs cbdrkgs- ce`~rgqg`~g) ig`~, vgw~ ê~rg dsswrìg sel~ vdr ngs ìmì) ig`~s svìclaltwgs æ slivmg qecd~le` s~rwc~wrgmmg "ve~gdw- vew~rgs,- sel~ vdr ngs ìmìig`~s ng adëdng- vdr~lclvd`~ æ m“g`qgmevvg- g~ ne`c æ md sìvdrd~le` g`~rg mgs diold`cgs l`~gr`gs g~ g~gr) `gs- sel~ g`cerg vdr ngs rgag`ns- vdr~lcl) vd`~ æ md vdr~l~le` ng m“gsvdcg l`~gr`g. Ng iêig- md ae`c~le` n“lsemd~le` ~bgr) iltwg qls æ qls ng m“g~ìrlgwr vgw~ ê~rg
dsswrìg sel~ vdr ngs lsemd`~s svìclaltwgssel~ vdr ngs ìmìig`~s ver~gwrs- ne`c vdr~lclvd`~ æ md s~rwc~wrg- d|d`~ ng swr) creà~ w` rþmg lsemd`~ "orltwg Ie`eiwroì~e` cgmmwmdlrg,. Dwssl - g` vrìdiowmg æ m“gdig` ng m“d) ndv~d~le` ngs vgraerid`cgs ~gcb`ltwgs g~ g`qlre``gig`~dmgs ngs id~ìrldw æ mgwr wsdkg ìmìig`~ ce`s~rwc~la vdr ìmì) ig`~ ce`s~rwc~la- gs~)lm l`nlsvg`sdomg ng adlrg w` rdvlng vd`erdid ngs vrl`clvdw s|s~âigs ce`s~rwc~las.
4
Dkg`cg rìkle`dmg ng m+g`qlre``gig`~ g~ ngs `ewqgmmgs ì`grklgs Lmg)ng)Ard`cg
V D@E_DID NGS S\S^ÂIGS CE@S^_WC^LAS NLSVE@LOMGS Mgs vrl`clvdw s|s~âigs ce`s~rwc~las nlsve`lomgs se`~ vrìsg`~ìs nd`s mg ~domgdw swlqd`~ :
Vdrels dsseclìgs S|s~âig ce`s~rwc~la ver~gwr
Iwrs Oì~e` g~ idëe``grlg
Oels
Idëe``grlgs ng rgivmlssdkg Ve~gdw % vew~rgs
^ercbls ew oì~e` ng rgivmlssdkg
Oì~e`Iwrs % vmd`cbgrs
Vdrels mìkârgs dw~ever~d`~gs
Iwrs ng re`nl`s
Idëe``grlgs ver~gwsgs Iwrs ver~gwrs æ essd~wrg oels Iwrs g~ vd``gdw ng ~grrg crwg oels
Vmd`cbgrs Oì~e` Oels g~ idëe``grlg Vew~rgs OD( Dclgr g~ oì~e` cewmìVew~rgslsemd`~- adëdng dqgc vrìndmmgsemlqgs g~ mìkârg ew vmd`cbgr oels vd``gdw ew vrìce`~rdl`~ adëdng rlngdw Vew~rgs oels g~ Vew~rgs OD( ndmmg Odrndkg bewrnls swr cemmdoerd`~g l`nws~rldmlsì vew~rgmmgs g` oels%oì~e` oì~e` ew dclgr Oì~e` cewmìdqgc vrìndmmgew Semlqgs g~ Iwrs ver~gwrs vrìce`~rdl`~ vmd`cbgr oels æ essd~wrg dclgr Bewrnls swr Ndmmg ce`~rgqg`~ìg vew~rgmmgs g` cemmdoerd`~g oì~e` ew dclgr oels%oì~e` Dclgr
Dclgr
Vew~rgs dclgr g~ odcs dclgr cemmdoerd`~s ( ndmmg ng ceivrgssle` oì~e`
odcs dclgr cemmdoerd`~s ( ndmmg ng ceivrgssle` oì~e`
Qeø~gs @.O : ngs s|s~âigs l`~griìnldlrgs ve~gdw% vmd`cbgrs ew iwrs%vew~rgs se`~ ce`cgqdomgs- idls `ìd`iel`s : Merstwg md s~rwc~wrg ver~gwsg qgr~lcdmg gs~ ce`s~l~wìg ng iwrs- e` dwrd
Merstwg md s~rwc~wrg ver~gwsg qgr~lcdmg gs~ ve`c~wgmmg "ve~gdw,- lm adw~ `ìcgssdlrgig`~ rdig`gr mgs cbdrkgs ngs vmd`cbgrs g` cgs vel`~s- mg vmws sewqg`~ vdr ngs vew~rgs.
Ve~gdw)ndmmgs
Mgs iwrs ver~gwrs se`~ vmws ce`~rdlk`d`~s twg mgs s|s~âigs w~lmlsd`~ ngs ve~gdw g~ ce`nwlsg`~ æ ngs ceø~s ìmgqìs ng ienlalcd) ~le` ngs oï~lig`~s. Lms vgwqg`~ ê~rg rìdmlsìs æ m“dlng ng oì~e`- ng vg~l~s ew krd`ns ìmì) ig`~s ng idëe``grlg ew ng ~grrg crwg. Mgs ewqrdkgs g` iwrs cewmìs g` vmdcg e`~ `e~diig`~ vewr dqd`~dkg ng vgr) ig~~rg mg iewmdkg æ adëe` ng aerigs vdr) ~lcwmlârgs. Mg id~ìrldw mg vmws w~lmlsì gs~ mg oì~e`- idls n“dw~rgs id~ìrldw "vlsì ng
~g`nd`cg æ rìvdr~lr md cbdrkg ngs vmd`cbgrs swr ~ew~ mg ml`ìdlrg ng iwrs- ne`c æ `g vds ce`cg`~rgr mgs cbdrkgs swr ngs dvvwls ng vew~rgs.
Ve~gdw)vew~rgs
_gag`n ver~gwr
~grrg crwg vdr ggivmg, se`~ w~lmlsdomgs swlqd`~ cg vrl`clvg ce`s~rwc~la. Lms agre`~ m“eojg~ n“w`g alcbg svìclaltwg. Mgs iwrs g` l`ards~rwc~wrg- ~rdl~ìs nd`s w` cbdvl~rg vrevrg- se`~ mg vmws sewqg`~ ngs iwrs cewmìs g` vmdcg "qelr / Ae`nd~le`s g~ odr) rlârgs/,. C“gs~ dqgc mgs ìmìig`~s idëe``ìs- w~lml) sd`~ ngs id~ìrldw ~râs nlqgrs "oì~e`oì~e`s dmmìkìs- ~grrg crwg ew cwl~g, twg ?
{{{.drg`glna.erk
Adëdng ver~gwsg
m“e` rìdmlsg mgs vdrels mgs iel`s cbârgs- g` Ard`cg. "qelr alcbg /Idëe``grlg ng vg~l~s ìmìig`~s/,.
Mgs s|s~âigs ve`c~wgms æ ve~gdw ver~gwrs "ve~gdw%vew~rgs ew ve~gdw%vmd`cbgrs, vgw) qg`~ ê~rg rìdmlsìs g` oì~e`- g` oels ew g` dclgr. Cbdtwg id~ìrldw d sgs svìclalcl~ìs ~gcb`ltwgs g~ g`qlre``gig`~dmgs 8 cgs s|s) ~âigs ae`~ m“eojg~ ng md alcbg svìclaltwg /essd~wrgs/.
Nd`s mg cds ng s~rwc~wrg æ ve~gdw ver~gwrs ve`c~wgms- mgs vel`~s ver~gwrs vgwqg`~ ê~rg nlsseclìs ngs vdrels- g~ g` vdr~lcwmlgr ngs adëdngs : cgcl vgrig~ n“ìql~gr ngs bì~ìrekì) `ìl~ì ng adëdng- sewqg`~ vrìjwnlcldomgs dw twdml~ìs ~bgriltwgs- vbe`ltwgs- n“ì~d`cbìl) ~ì æ m“dlr- ew æ md ~g`wg nd`s mg ~givs ng cgr) ~dl`s rgqê~gig`~s.
S|s~âig ce`s~rwc~la ver~gwr
Mg cbel ng md s~rwc~wrg gs~ n“w`g krd`ng liver~d`cg. Nw adl~ tw“gmmg vdr~lclvg ng m“dsvgc~ nw oï~lig`~- c“gs~ w` cbel drcbl) ~gc~wrdm dw~d`~ tw“w` cbel ~gcb`ltwg.
~gwr n“ì~dkg, æ lsemd~le` rìvdr~lg "orltwg ng ~|vg Ie`eiwr- omec ng oì~e` ng krd`wmd~ mìkgroì~e` cgmmwmdlrg dw~ecmdqì,- l`~ìkrìg "omec oì~e` ( vem|s~|râ`g, ew rdvver~ìg "orltwg crgwsg ew vgraerìg g~ omec ng oì~e` vmgl`- vgraerì ew crgw /cmdssltwgs/, "ca. cbdvl~rg /iwrs g` idëe``g) rlg ng vg~l~s ìmìig`~s’,. ) Iwrs ng re`nl`s. Iwrs dw~ever~d`~s : ) Oels "idssla- vd``gdw æ odsg ng vdr~lcwmgs ew ce`~rgvmdtwì, æ lsemd~le` rdvver~ìg "newomdkg l`~ìrlgwr,- l`~ìkrìg "sd`n{lcb oels ( lsemd`~ rlklng ( oels, ew rìvdr~lg "ceaardkg oels dqgc rgi) vmlssdkg n“lsemd`~ g` qrdc,. ) Oì~e` "ve~gdw ( vd``gdw, æ lsemd~le` rdvver~ìg. ) Idëe``grlg ng vg~l~s ìmìig`~s "omecs ng oì~e` ew orltwgs ng ~grrg cwl~g, ng adlomg ìvdlssgwr "4> ci,. ) Dclgr : odrndkg ( lsemd`~ rdvver~ì ew vd``gdw sd`n{lcb æ lsemd~le` l`~ìkrìg. Vmd`cbgrs : ) Oì~e` : cewmì l` sl~w % vrìadorltwì "ndmmg dmqìemdlrg, % il~g : vrìndmmg ( cbdvg. ) Il~g "cemmdoerd`~, : oels % oì~e` ew dclgr % oì~e`. ) Oels "semlqgs vmws vmd`cbgr- oels ngoew~- vd``gdw æ odsg ng vdr~lcwmgs ew ce`~rgvmdtwì,. ) Vew~rgmmgs "oì~e`- dclgr, g~ bewrnls "oì~e` crgw- ~grrg cwl~g ew vem|s~|râ`g,.
Cbdtwg ieng ce`s~rwc~la d sd rd~le`dml~ì : ~rd`svesgr w` oï~lig`~ ce`ëw dqgc w` ieng ce`s~rwc~la nd`s w` dw~rg ce`nwl~ æ w`g vgr~g ng twdml~ì drcbl~gc~wrdmg g~ ~gcb) `ltwg- `g sgrdl~)cg twg vdrcg twg md id~lâ) rg `“gs~ vmws w~lmlsìg ng adëe` ev~lidmg . W` ieng ce`s~rwc~la nel~ ne`c ê~rg cbelsl ~râs g` die`~ ng md ce`cgv~le` n“w` oï~l) ig`~. Md mls~g cl)ce`~rg l`nltwg mgs semw~le`s ce`s) ~rwc~lqgs mgs vmws cewrdiig`~ w~lmlsìgs :
Ve~gdw ! vew~rgs % Ve~gdw ! vmd`cbgrs % Iwrs "g~ìrlgwrs g~%ew rgag`ns, % Iwrs ! vmd`cbgrs.
Id~ìrldw g~ ~gcb`ltwgs ils g` œwqrg Ve~gdw g~ vew~rgs : Oels "idssla ew mdigmmì cemmì, % Dclgr % Oì~e` "vrìadorltwì ew cewmì l` sl~w,. Mldlse`s ve~gdw%vew~rg : sâcbgs "sewnìgs % oewme``ìgs, ew bewrnìgs "oì~e`,. Iwrs g~ìrlgwrs g~%ew rgag`ns ver~gwrs "~ew~g bdw~gwr, : Oì~e` "vrìadorltwì mewrn ew od`cbì,. Iwrs g~ìrlgwrs g~%ew rgag`ns ver~gwrs ver~gwrs "swr ? æ > `lqgdw sgme` md ~gcb`ltwg, : ) Idëe``grlg "oì~e`- ~grrg cwl~g, ng vg~l~s "omecs- orltwgs, ew krd`ns ìmìig`~s "orltwgs ng bdw)
G~wng rìdmlsìg vewr m“Drg`g Lmg)ng)Ard`cg sews md ceernl`d~le` ng Sevblg Orl`ngm)Og~b dqgc md vdr~lclvd~le` ng KGCEO Ce`sglm G`qlre``gig`~ "Sgrkg Slnereaa g~ Bwogr~ Vì`lcdwn,. Ce`~dc~ Drg`g LnA : Neil`ltwg Sgmmlgr ^ìm. : 64 73 27 14 ;7 ) gidlm : nsgmmlgrFdrg`glna. erk
3
{{{.drg`glna.erk
{{{.drg`glna.erk
> 6 % 4 6 ` e l ~ d c l ` w i i e C M O
NÌID_CBG NG BDW^G TWDML^Ì G@QL_E@@GIG@^DMG NGS OÏ^LIG@^S
MGS CMELSE@S CG TW“LM ADW^ _G^G@L_ ✞
✞
Mgs cmelse`s se`~ ngs ìmìig`~s qgr~lcdw `e` ver~gwrs ngs~l`ìs æ dsswrgr mg ceivdr~lig`~dkg l`~gr`g n“w` oï~lig`~.
~rlârgs- g` omecs ng oì~e` crgw n“ìvdlssgwr £ 46 ci ew g` orltwgs ng iïcbgagr. ✞ Ng `ewqgdw vrenwl~s "vmdtwg ng oì~e` cgmmwmdlrg g~ swr)
Mgs id~ìrldw givme|ìs se`~ kì`ìrdmgig`~ mlìs dw ieng ce`s~rwc~la ng md ce`s~rwc~le`. Nd`s mgs ce`s~rwc) ~le`s g` iwrs idëe``ìs- mg cdrrgdw ng vmï~rg d vrekrgs) slqgig`~ rgivmdcì mgs cmelse`s rìdmlsìgs g` orltwgs vmï)
~ew~ vmdtwg ng vmï~rg, g~ ng `ewqgmmgs ~gcb`ltwgs ng ilsg g` œwqrg rg`ng`~ mgs cmelse`s vmws mìkârgsnìie`~domgs- dieqlomgs ew ieolmgs.
MGS NLAAÌ_G@^S ^\VGS N“WSDKGS Mgs cmelse`s ng nls~rlow~le` dsswrg`~ md sìvdrd~le` g`~rg vlâcgs n“w` iêig mekgig`~ ew n“w` iêig oï~lig`~. Gmmgs `“e`~ g` kì`ìrdm vds ng ae`c~le` n“lsemd) ~le` ew n“l`gr~lg ~bgriltwg- idls gmmgs vgwqg`~ dqelr w` rþmg n“lsemd~le` vbe)
`ltwg- ng vre~gc~le` ce`~rg mg agw g~ n“ì) mìig`~ nìcerd~la. Mgs cmelse`s sìvdrd~lqgs- gmmgs- nelqg`~ g` ew~rg dqelr ngs cdrdc~ìrls~ltwgs ~bgr) iltwgs vgraerid`~gs.
Mgs cmelse`s s~rwc~wrg`~ m“gsvdcg g~ mgwr cbel gs~ mlì æ md arìtwg`cg vrìqlslomg ng rgs~rwc~wrd~le` ngs mecdw. Mgs ~rels krd`ngs cd~ìkerlgs ng cmelse`s cmelse`s vmgl`gs- cmelse`s sâcbgs g~ cmelse`s ieolmgs- se`~ vrìsg`~ìgs cl)ngssews.
V_ECÌNÌS CE@S^_WC CE@S^_WC^LAS ^LAS Cmelse`s vmgl`gs Cmelse`s æ vd`s ng oels "~gcb`ltwg dwjewrn“) bwl dod`ne``ìg- cdr `ìcgssl~d`~ w` liver) ~d`~g idl` n“œwqrg n“œwqrg n“w` ceø~ ìmgqì, ìmgqì, : oï~l ng oels vìrlvbìrltwg g` kì`ìrdm g`~rg~elsì æ il)bdw~gwr dqgc rgivmlssdkg ng orltwgs- ng vdrvdl`ks ng iïcbgagr ew ng vmï~rds vrls g`~rg ngw md~~ls ng oels cmewì "cmelse``dkg,g`nwl~s swr mgs ngw adcgs. Cmelse`s g` ìmìig`~s id`wadc~wrìs æ g`nwlrg : nd`s cg~~g ~gcb`ltwg cmdssltwgnl~g kdmd`ndkg- ngs idëe`s ew ngs vmï~rlgrs ie`~g`~ mgs cmelse`s dqgc ngs ìmìig`~s vgw ìvdls "orltwgs vmgl`gs- crgwsgs ew vmï~rlârgsomecs il`cgs ng oì~e` ng krd`wmd~s- cdr) rgdw ng iïcbgagr dkkmeiìrì,. Kì`ìrdmgig`~- mgs orltwgs se`~ bewrnìgs dw vmï~rg g~ mgs omecs dw ier~lgr oï~drn. M“ìqg`~wgm g`nwl~ ng clig`~ nel~ ê~rg dvvml) twì swr mgs ngw adcgs ng md cmelse`. Se` ~givs ng sìcbdkg gs~ ~râs me`k. Cmelse`s g` cdrrgdw ng vmï~rg : md vmws cew) rd`~g ngs cmelse`s idëe``ìgs. Mgs cdrrgdw e`~ ngs nlig`sle`s s~d`ndrn "11 76 ci-
sel~ 3 % i?,- g~ w`g ìvdlssgwr ng 76- 16- ;6 ew 466 ii. Cgs cmelse`s e`~ w` idwqdls cei) ver~gig`~ dcews~ltwg : mgwr arìtwg`cg ng rìse`d`cg gs~ dw `lqgdw ng md arìtwg`cg ng md qel bwidl`g.
cemmìg- oels- ~elmg ng qgrrg cemmìg g~ vgl`~wrg ng al`l~le`- rgqê~gig`~ g` adåg`cg- g`nwl~s vgmmlcw) mdlrgs æ odsg ng vmï~rg- g`nwl~s g~ vgl`~wrg.
Cmelse`s sâcbgs : ^gcb`ltwgs qdrlìgs sgme` mgs cdrdc~ìrls~ltwgs g~ mgs ae`c~le`s twg m“e` qgw~ vrlqlmìklgr "lse) md~le` dcews~ltwg ew ~bgriltwg, : Vd``gdw ceivesl~gs Vd``gdw ceivesl~gs ng bdw~gwr bdw~gwr n“ì~dkg n“ì~dkg : ceivesìs n“w`g ïig g` id~ìrldw beiekâ`g "iewssg "iew ssg gvd`sìg gvd`sìg rlklng rlklng ew sgil sgil)rlkln )rlklngg : vem|wrì~bd`g- vem|s~|râ`g gvd`sì ew VQC, ew dmqìemdlrg "cdr~e` ew vdvlgr hrda~ g`
Cdrrgdw ng vmï~rg
Cmelse`s vmgl`gs g` ìmìig`~s ng bdw~gwr n“ì) ~dkg : vd``gdw- kì`ìrdmgig`~ g` vmï~rgoì~e` cgmmwmdlrg dw~ecmdqì- orltwgs crgwsgs ew vd``gdw ng alordkkmes "vdr~lcwmgs ng oels cemmìgs,- æ g`nwlrg. Ng `eiorgw rgqê~gig`~s l`~ìrlgwrs se`~ ves) slomgs : ~rdnl~le``gm dw vmï~rg- vmdtwg ng vmï~rg
Vd``gdw ceivesl~gs æ ïig g` id~ìrldw lsemd`~s g~ dmqìemdlrgs.
4
Dkg`cg rìkle`dmg ng m+g`qlre``gig`~ g~ ngs `ewqgmmgs ì`grklgs Lmg)ng)Ard`cg
rìsgdw twdnrlmmì- `ln n“doglmmg,- vrlsg g`~rg ngw vdrgig`~s vmd`s "vmdtwgs ng vmï~rg cdr) ~e``ìgs- agwlmmgs ng ce`~rgvmdtwì ew vmdtwgs æ vdrgig`~ mdilalìs- agwlmmgs ng iì~dm mdtwì ew d`enlsì- g~c.,. M“dmlk`gig`~ ngs vd``gdw sg adl~ vdr ngs cdmgs ng oels "~dtwg~s ew cmdqg~) ~gs ng je`c~le`, vmdcìgs dw nrel~ ngs jel`~s. Cmelse`s æ vdrgig`~s vdrgig`~s rdvver~ìs swr essd~wrg essd~wrg :
ceivesìgs swr cbd`~lgr g` rdvver~d`~ ngs vmdtwgs vmd`gs "vd``gdw ng ce`~rgvmdtwì
ew æ odsg ng vdr~lcwmgs ng oels, ng vdr~ g~ n“dw~rg n“w`g essd~wrg g` oels ew iì~dm rìdmlsìg dw vrìdmdomg swr vmdcg g~ alìg æ md idëe``grlg swr ~ew~g sd vìrlvbìrlg. M“lsemd~le` dcews~ltwg gs~ eo~g`wg vdr w` id~gmds ng mdl`g il`ìrdmg g~ w`g mdig n“dlr.
Cmelse`s ieolmgs ew ienlaldomgs Gmmgs se`~ ceivesìgs vdr jw~dvesl~le` ng vd``gdw vrìadorltwìs g` oels ew g` cei) vesl~g vmï~rg cdr~e``ì- g~ vgrig~~g`~ ng
ienlalgr vmws ew iel`s adclmgig`~ md ce`al) kwrd~le` ngs mecdw. Vewr `g vds swolr mgs iewqgig`~s ng md s~rwc~wrg- mgs cmelse`s `g nelqg`~ vds ê~rg mlìgs rlklngig`~ dw ìmì) ig`~s ver~gwrs- idls sd`s twg cgmd `wlsg æ mgwr s~dolml~ì. Md sewvmgssg ngs jel`~s nel~ ê~rg dndv~ìg dw id~ìrldw.
I D^Ì_LDWR G^ V_ENWL^S Vmï~rg Adorlcd~le` Mg vmï~rg gs~ eo~g`w vdr nìsb|nrd~d~le` ~bgr) iltwg nw k|vsg "swmad~g ng cdmclwi b|nrd~ì,. Sgme` mgs ce`nl~le`s evìrd~elrgs g~ md ~givì) rd~wrg ng nìsb|nrd~d~le`- e` eo~lg`~ nlaaì) rg`~gs twdml~ìs ng vmï~rg : mg vmï~rg ng Vdrls- iìmd` iìmd`kg kg ng 16 æ 26' 26' n“bìilb|nrd~g ο g~ n“d`b|nrl~g- ng rìsls) ~d`cg iìcd`ltwg vgw ìmgqìg "46 IVd g` ceivrgssle`,- twl ce`s~l~wg m“gssg`~lgm nw vmï~rg ng ce`s~rwc~le` mgs vmï~rgs vmï~rgs svìcldw svìcldw "bìilb "bìilb|nrd~g |nrd~g δ,b|nreawkgs- vmws rìsls~d`~s "0 36 IVd, idls vmws ceø~gw "6-7' ng md vrenwc~le` ard`ëdlsg, m“d`b|n m“d`b|nrl~g rl~g "swmad~g "swmad~g nìsb|nrd~ì, nìsb|nrd~ì, ew ew /swr) cwl~/- w~lmlsì vewr mgs cbdvgs nwrgs g~ sd`s rg~rdl~. Mg k|vsg w~lmlsì vgw~ ê~rg `d~wrgm ew s|`~bì) ~ltwg : @d~wr @d~wrgmgm- c“gs~ w`g w`g recbg ~g`nrg ~g`nrg crls~dmml` crls~dmml`gg g~rdl~g g` cdrrlârg g~ ce`cdssìg "krd`wme) iì~rlg = ?7 ii,. Mg k|vsg gvmel~ì g` Ard`cg d w`g vwrg~ì 0 <6' twl nlsvg`sg ng mg vwrlalgr vwrlalgr.. ;6' vreqlg`~ vreqlg`~ nw Odssl` Odssl` vdrlslg` "1 sl~gs g` 4<<;,- ne`~ mgs rìsgrqgs gvmel~domgs se`~ gs~liìgs æ 36)>6 d`s. S|`~bì~ S|`~bì~ltwgltwg- c“gs~ c“gs~ w` sews)vrenw sews)vrenwl~l~ l`nws) l`nws) ~rlgm : Nìswmaek|vsg : lssw ng md `gw~rdmlsd~le` dw mdl~ ng cbdw ngs awiìgs sewarìgs ìilsgs vdr md ceiows~le` nw awgm ew nw cbdroe` nd`s mgs cg`~rdmgs ~bgriltwgs ew mgs cbdw) nlârgs l`nws~rlgmmgs. G` Ard`cg- w`g sgwmg wsl`g sl~wìg g` Dmsdcg w~lmlsg nw nìswmae) k|vsg- liver~ì n“Dmmgidk`g "mgs rgssewrcgs ard`ëdlsgs se`~ adlomgs cdr 26 ' ng m“ìmgc~rl) cl~ì gs~ vrenwl~g vdr ngs cg`~rdmgs `wcmìdl) rgs,. C“gs~ md vrl`clvdmg rgssewrcg ng swos~l) ~w~le` nw k|vsg g` Dmmgidk`g g~ dw Jdve`. Vbesvbek|vsg : swmad~g ng cdmclwi nìsb|) nrd~ì- sews)vrenwl~ ng adorlcd~le` ng m“dclng vbesvberltwg- l`~griìnldlrg ng adorlcd~le` `e~diig`~ ngs g`krdls. G` 4<<;- sgwm mg Jdve`- nìvewrqw ng k|vsg `d~wrgm- ce`~l`wg
n“w~lmlsgr nw vbesvbek|vsg- mgs dw~rgs vd|s jwkgd`~ mg vrecìnì `e` rg`~domg "ceø~ nw sìcbdkg g~ ng md vwrlalcd~le` ~rev ìmgqì,- g~ ce`nwlsd`~- nw adl~ ng md vrìsg`cg ng ~rdcgs n“wrd`lwi nd`s mg il`grdl vbesvbd~ì- æ ngs vrenwl~s vdraels rdnledc~las- n“w~lmlsd~le` nìmlcd~g nd`s mg oï~lig`~. Lm `“gs~ vmws w~lml) sì g` Ard`cg ngvwls vmwslgwrs d``ìgs- idls e` g` ~rewqg nd`s mgs oï~lig`~s d`clg`s.
W~lmlsd~le` E` ~rewqg mg vmï~rg nd`s mgs cmelse`s sews ~rels aerigs : g` g`nwl~ g`nwl~ swr mgs cmelse`s cmelse`s g` idëe``gr idëe``grlg lg "omecs ng oì~e` ew orltwgs ng ~grrg cwl~g,VBDSG
Adorlcd~le`
G _ ^ Ï Ilsg g` œwqrg M V G N G W T D M V D M Qlg g` œwqrg
Al` ng qlg
sews aerig aerig ng ng cdrrgdw cdrrgdw ng vmï~rgvmï~rg sews aeri aerigs gs ng vmdtwg vmdtwg ng vmï~rg vmï~rg cdr~e``ìcdr~e``ìnìcrl~g cl)dvrâs.
Vmdtwg ng vmï~rg @ìg g` 42<6 dw WSD- md vmdtwg ng vmï~rg "ïig g` vmï~rg rgcewqgr~g n“w`g g`qgmev) vg ng cdr~e`, gs~ adorltwìg g` Ard`cg ngvwls md al` ngs d``ìgs >6. Gmmg d oewmg) qgrsì mgs ~gcb`ltwgs ng vdr~l~le`s l`~gr`gs "cmelse`s g~ vmdae`ns,. Mgs vmdtwgs /OD/ "æ oerns dil`cls, vgrig~~g`~ n“ìql~gr md swr) ìvdlssgwr nwg æ md od`ng ng jel`~elgig`~. Gmmgs se`~ ie`~ìgs swr essd~wrg oels ew iì~dm.
L@CLNG@CGS G@QL_E@@GIG@^ G @QL_E@@GIG@^DMGS DMGS K|vsg `d~wrgm : Ce`seiid~le` ng rgssewrcgs `e` rg`ewqgmdomgs Orwl~- vewsslârg- dm~ìrd~le` ngs vd|sdkgs g~ ngs ìces|s~âigs. Nìswmaek|vsg : rgc|cmdkg ng sews)vrenwl~s l`nws~rlgms. Vds n“livdc~s `e~domgs dw~rgs twg cgw nw ~rd`sver~. Vmï~rg : Ce`seiid~le` n“ì`grklg- ìilssle` ng kdz cdroe`ltwg "cwlsse`,. Cdr~e` : rgc|cmdkg ng cdr~e`s wsdkìs g~ ng vdvlgrs rgc|cmìs.
Jel`~s w~lmlsìs g`~rg mgs vmdtwgs g` od`ngs ng vdvlgr ew ng al) orgs ng qgrrgs livrìk`ìgs ng cemmg- vrenwl~ vrê~ æ m“givmel ceivesì kì`ìrdmgig`~ n“w`g odsg ql`|mg g~ n“dkg`~s d`~lodc~ì) rlg`s g~ d`~lae`kltwgs. Mg vmï~rg ng Vdrls d w`g gcgmmg`~g rìsls~d`cg dw agw- w`g adl) omg rìsls~d`cg iìcd`ltwg "46 Ivd, g~ w`g adlomg rìsls~d`cg æ m“bwilnl~ì. M“bìilb|nrd~g δ gs~ b|nreawkg g~ d w`g oe``g rìsls~d`cg iìcd`ltwg "36 Ivd,. Mg vmï~rg ce`~rlowg æ md twdml~ì dcews~ltwg ngs cmelse`s æ essd) ~wrg. Mgs vd``gdw vdrg)agw driìs ng alorg ng qgrrg se`~ cmdssìs I6 "l`ceiows~lomgs,. Vmï~rg æ odsg ng vbesvbek|vsg "vmws w~lmlsì g` Gwrevg- idls gls~g nd`s mgs oï~lig`~s d`clg`s, : rlstwg ng adlomgs ìilssle`s rdnledc~lqgs. Nìcbg~ l`nws~rlgm od`dm- mg vmï~rg `g nel~ vds ê~rg s~echì dqgc ngs nìcbg~s agrig`~gsclomgs dqgc mgstwgms lm vgw~ rìdklr vewr nìkdkgr ng m“b|nrekâ`g swmawrì- kdz nd`kgrgw. Lm nel~ ê~rg vmdcì g` dmqìe) mg svìcldmg æ m“dorl ng m“gdw- g` kì`ìrdm g` nìcbdrkg ng cmdssg 3.
?
{{{.drg`glna.erk
Vd``gdw ceivesl~gs vmï~rg)cgmmwmesg Lms se`~ eo~g`ws vdr iewmdkg n“w` iìmd`kg ng 26' ng vmï~rg g~ ng ?6' ng alorgs ng cgm) mwmesg lsswgs ng jewr`dw rgc|cmìs. W`g l`jgc~le` æ bdw~g vrgssle` ng slmlce`g swr md adcg dqd`~ mgs rg`n vmws rìsls~d`~s twg mgs vmdtwgs ng vmï~rg ~rdnl~le``gms g~ vgrig~ ng mgs w~lmlsgr g` mecdw bwilngs sd`s dnnl~la. Mgs jel`~s se`~ rìdmlsìs dqgc w`g cemmg vem|) wrì~bd`g. Cgs vd``gdw e`~ w` ìcemdogm ng m“L`s~l~w~ Dw~rlcblg` ng Olemeklg nw Oï~l) ig`~. Orltwgs ng qgrrg W~lmlsìgs g` vdrels g~ìrlgwrgs ew g` cmel) se``gig`~s- cgs orltwgs se`~ adorltwìgs vdr dssgiomdkg ng ngw vdrels ng qgrrg iewmìgs ver~ìgs æ 4666¶C- givrlse``d`~ w`g mdig n“dlr æ odssg vrgssle` æ ^¶ diold`~g "36' ng md vrgssle` d~iesvbì) rltwg,. Mg cegaalclg`~ ng ~rd`silssle` ~bgriltwg ng md vdrel dl`sl eo~g`wg gs~ ng m“ernrg ng 3 [%i ?.H "ce`~rg ? vewr w` newomg ql~rdkg vgw ìilssla æ mdig n“dlr ng 41 ii,. Mgs cdnrgs se`~ g` dmwil`lwi ew g` dclgr. Vewr ìql~gr md cerresle`- m“dmwil`lwi nel~ ê~rg vre~ìkì nw clig`~ g~ m“dclgr ng m“bw) ilnl~ì. Mgs qls ng ald~le` nelqg`~ ê~rg g` dclgr l`e|ndomg. W`g drid~wrg dw iel`sg` agr re`n ng 7)1 ii- gs~ nlsvesìg g`~rg cbdtwg rd`k berlze`~dm- g~ qgr~lcdmgig`~ nd`s mgs oernwrgs md~ìrdmgs. Mg ier~lgr gs~ w` iìmd`kg ng >66 hk ng clig`~ vewr 4 i3 ng sdomg mdqì 6)3- dqgc mg il`liwi n“gdw ceivd~lomg dqgc w`g ilsg g` œwqrg cerrgc~g.
Cmelse` g` vdqìs ng qgrrg.
VBDSG
S L E O Adorlcd~le` G g~ N G ilsg g` œwqrg S D O Æ R W D G @ @ D V S G M Qlg g` œwqrg
Al` ng qlg
L@CLNG@CGS G@QL_E@@GIG@^DMGS Oels idssla g~ ce`~rgvmdtwìs : mgs oels ge~ltwgs lssws ng aerê~s ~revlcdmgs vrlidlrgs `e` kìrìgs nwrdomgig`~ ce`~rlowg`~ æ md ngs~rwc~le` ng md olenlqgrsl~ì- sdwa m“ehewiì nw Kdoe` ~l~wmdlrg nw mdogm Gwrehewiì g~ mgs oels mdogmmlsìs ASC "Aergs~ S~g{drnsblv Cew`clm, ew ìtwlqdmg`~. Mgs ce`~rgvmdtwìs g` vgwvmlgr- g` bê~rg ew g` vl` idrl~lig w~l) mlsg`~ ngs oels mecdw ne`~ m“gvmel~d~le` `g ver~g vds d~~gl`~g æ md olenlqgrsl~ì "ca. alcbg ”oels’,. Mgs vd``gdw ng alorgs w~lmlsg`~ ngs nìcbg~s ng oels. Mg ~rdqdlm ngs vd``gdw æ odsg ng oels "nìcewvg- vgrëdkg- ve`) ëdkg, kì`ârg ngs vewsslârgs ng oels cd`cìrekâ`gs twl nelqg`~ ê~rg cdv~ìgs æ md sewrcg g~ ~rdl~ìgs vewr ìql~gr mgwr l`bdmd~le`. Cgr~dl`gs ìilssle`s ngs rìsl`gs g~ ngs cemmgs n“dssgiomdkg g~ md vmwvdr~ ngs vrenwl~s ng ~rdl~gig`~ nw oels "qelr cbdvl~rg ”essd) ~wrgs’, se`~ lrrl~d`~s ew `eclas.
Cgr~dl`s vd``gdw ng ce`~rgvmdtwì ew ng vdr~lcwmgs `e` rgqê~ws vgwqg`~ ìig~~rg nw aeridmnìb|ng. E` vgw~ s~evvgr cgs ìilssle`s vdr w` rgqê~gig`~ "s~rd~lalì,- ew mgs mlil~gr vdr w` cbel ng vd`) `gdw æ adlomg ~g`gwr "vdr~lcwmgs- alorgs, ew æ adlomg ìilssle` "ce`~rgvmdtwì, ng aeridmnìb|ng. Cgr~dl`s vrenwl~s ng ~rdl~gig`~ vrìqg`~la ae`klclng g~ l`sgc~lclng ~rd`saerig`~ mgs oels ~rdl~ìs g` NLS "nìcbg~s nd`kgrgw,.
Vd``gdw æ odsg ng oels M“wsdkg dc~wgm ngs vdrels g` oels idssla gs~ rìsgrqì dw cdqgs ew dw krg`lgrs dqgc ngs cmelse`s æ cmdlrg)qelg ew vewr ngs cmelse`s ~râs mìkârgs nd`s ngs bdol~d~le`s sgce`ndl) rgs ew ngs cbdmg~s. M“lsemd~le` dcews~ltwg ng cgs vdrels dw `lqgdw rìkmgig`~dlrg gs~ ~râs nlaalclmg æ rìdmlsgr cerrgc~gig`~. Mgs vd``gdw ng ce`~rgvmdtwì- eo~g`ws vdr swvgrvesl~le` g~ cemmdkg ng agwlmmgs ng oels nìrewmì w~lmlsg`~ ngs cemmgs æ odsg n“wrìg)aer) iem- ng iìmd`l`g)aeriem ew ng vbì`em)aer) iem. Md adcg qlslomg vgw~ ê~rg mdlssìg æ m“ì~d~ `d~wrgm "ehewiì- vl` idrl~lig, ew rgvmdtwìg dqgc w`g gssg`cg nìcerd~lqg "cbê`g`e|gr- dcdjew- g~c.,. Mgwr s~dolml~ì nlig`sle`) `gmmg gs~ swvìrlgwrg æ cgmmg ngs oels idsslas.
Mgs vd``gdw æ odsg ng cevgdw g~ ng vdr~l) cwmgs ng oels dkkmeiìrìgs- adorltwìs g` Ard`cg ngvwls 4<7?- se`~ ~râs nlqgrs nw adl~ ngs nlaaìrg`~s ~|vgs ng mld`~s "cemmgs ew cl) ig`~s, g~ n“dnjwqd`~s b|nreawkgs ew lk`law) kgs w~lmlsìs. Ceivesìs ng cevgdw cdmlorìs "lssws ng nìcbg~s ng sclgrlg ew nessgscevgdw ng rdoe~dkg ew ng scldkg- oels n“ì) cmdlrclssdkg g~ vg~l~s oels, g~ dkkmeiìrìs æ m“dlng ng rìsl`gs vem|iìrlsd`~ æ cbdwn- lms se`~ w~lmlsìs vewr mg cmelse``gig`~ ngs mecdw. Nd`s cgr~dl`s cds- ngs ìqlngig`~s ~wowmdlrgs vgrig~~g`~ ng mgs dmmìkgr g~ ng adclml~gr mg vdssdkg ng cgr~dl`gs ce`nwl~gsew olg` n“diìmlergr md ~g`wg dw agw vdr rgi) vmlssdkg dqgc ngs vrenwl~s rìardc~dlrgs. 3
{{{.drg`glna.erk
Mgs vd``gdw ng alorgs qìkì~dmgs se`~ eo~g) `ws æ vdr~lr ng oels rìnwl~ g` alorgs- oewlmml g~ sìcbì vmwslgwrs jewrs æ 4?6)4<6¶C- vwls ceivrliì g` vmdtwgs dw ie|g` ng c|ml`n) rgs ggrëd`~ w`g aer~g vrgssle`. Mgwr cebì) sle` rìswm~g nw agw~rdkg ngs alorgs g~ ng mgwrs vrevrlì~ìs dnbìslqgs vrevrgs ew ng m“djew~ ng mld`~s sgiomdomgs æ cgw ngs vd``gdw ng vdr~lcwmgs. E` nls~l`kwg : mgs vd``gdw ~g`nrgs "?76 æ 366 hk%i3θ 9 6-672 [%i.H- adlomg rìsls~d`cg æ md rwv~wrg g` amgle`, w~lmlsìs æ m“l`~ìrlgwr mgs vd``gdw nwrs "4 666 hk%i3- θ 9 6-?6 [%i.H,- vdraels w~lmlsìs æ m“g~ìrlgwr w`g aels b|nreawkìs @e` rgqê~ws- mgs vd``gdw ng alorgs se`~ cgw twl ìig~~g`~ mg vmws ng aeridmnìb|ngidls lms se`~ kì`ìrdmgig`~ rgcewqgr~s n“w`g cewcbg ng al`l~le` "s~rd~lalì- vgl`~wrg ew vdvlgr, twl ometwg md idjgwrg vdr~lg ng cg~~g ìilssle`.
Vd``gdw æ odsg ng oels
