Five Year Plans
1
First Plan (1951 - 56)
It was based on Harrod-Domar Model. Community Development Program was launched in 1952. Emphasized on agriculture, price stability, power & transport. It was more than a success, because of good harvests in the last two years.
Second Plan (1956 - 61)
Also called Mahalanobis Plan after i ts chief architect. Its objective was rapid industrialization. Advocated huge imports which led to emptying of funds leading to foreign loans. It shifted basic emphasis from agriculture to industry far too soon. During this plan, price level increased by 30%, against a decline of 13% during the First Plan.
Third Plan (1961 - 66)
At its conception time, it was felt that Indian economy has entered a take-off stage. Therefore, its aim was to make India a 'self-reliant' and 'self-generating' economy. Also, it was realized from the experience of first two plans that agriculture should be given the top priority to suffice the requirement of export and industry. industry. Complete failure due to unforeseen misfortunes, viz. Chinese aggression (1962), Indo-Pak war (1965), severest drought in 100 years (1965-66).
Three Annual Plans (196669)
Plan holiday for 3years. The prevailing crisis in agriculture and serious food shortage necessitated the emhasis on agriculture during the Annual Plans. During these plans a whole new agricultural strategy involving involving wide-spread distribution of High-Yielding Varieties Varieties of seeds, the extensive use of fertilizers, exploitation of irrigation potential and soil conservation was put into action to tide-over the crisis in agricultural production. During the Annual Plans, the economy basically absorbed the shocks given during the Third Plan, making way for a planned growth.
5
Fourth Plan (1969 - 74)
Main emphasis on agriculture's growth rate so that a chain reaction can start. Fared well in the first two years with record production, last three years failure because of poor monsoon. Had to tackle the influx of Bangladeshi refugees before and after 1971 Indo-Pak war.
6
The fifth plan prepared and launched by D.D. Dhar proposed to achieve two main objectives viz, 'removal of poverty' (Garibi Hatao) and 'attainment of self reliance', through promotion of Fifth high rate of growth, better distribution of income and a very Plan(1974-79) significant growth in the domestic rate of savings. The plan was terminated in 1978 (instead of 1979) when Janta Govt.came to power.
7
Rolling Plan (1978 - 80)
1
2
3
4
Sixth Plan
There were 2 Sixth Plans. One by Janta Govt. (for 78-83) which was in operation for 2 years only and the other by the Congress Govt. when it returned to power in 1980. Objectives: Increase in national income, modernization of
2
Important Antipoverty Employment Generation Programs
3
Swaranjayanti 1 Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGRY)
Started on April 1, 1999. It has replaced the following programs: Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP) : Started in 1978 - 79). Training Rural Youth for Self -Employment (TRYSEM): Started in 1978-79. Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA): Started in 1978 -79. Ganga Kalyan Yojana (GKY): Started in 1997. Million Wells Scheme (MWS): Started in 1989. Supply of Improved Tool-kits to Rural Artisans (SITRA). The yojana takes into account all the strengths and weaknesses of the earlier self-employment self-employment programs. Every assisted family will be brought above the poverty line. It is proposed to cover 30% of the rural poor in each block. To Target at atleast 50% Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, 40% women and 3% disabled.
Pradhan Mantri 2 Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY)
It was introduced in 2000-01 with the objective of focusing on village level development in five critical areas I.e., primary health, primary education, housing, rural roads and drinking water and nutrition with the overall objective of improving the quality of life of people in rural areas. Rural electrification was added as an additional ad ditional component from 2001-02. It has the following components: Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana Yojana (PMGSY) Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (Gramin Awas). Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (Rural Drinking Water Project).
It was started on Sept. 25,2001, with the mergence of the Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) and the Jawahar Sampoorna Gramin Gram Samriddhi Yojana (JGSY). Earlier Jawahar Rozgar 3 Rozgar Yojana Yojana, Yojana, which started in 1989, was merged with Jawahar (SGRY) Gram Samriddhi Yojana. The objective of the program is to provide additional wage employment in rural areas an d also to provide food security. security.
Swarna Jayanti 4 Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY)
5
Antyodaya Anna Yojana
The SJSRY came into operation in Dec, 1997, through a restructuring and streamlining of the earlier urban poverty alleviation programs, the Nehru Rozgar Yojana Yojana (NRY), the Urban Basic Services for the Poor (UBSP) and the Prime Minister's Integrated Urban Poverty alleviation Program (PMIUPEP). It seeks to provide employment to the urban employed or underemployed living below poverty line and educated up to IX standard through encouraging the setting up of selfemployment ventures or provision of wage employment. Launched on Dec. 25,2000. The scheme aims a t providing food security to poor families. The scheme contemplates identification of 10 million 'poorest of the poor' families and providing the \m with 25kg of food
4
Industries in India
5
1
Cotton Textile
Most important industry in terms of employment and production of export goods. In Maharashtra (Mumbai, Sholapur, Pune, Kolhapur, Satara, Wardha, Hajipur), Gujarat (Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Rajkot, Surat, Bhavnagar), Tamil Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore Manchestor of South India). Tamil Tamil Nadu has the largest number of cotton textile mills in India
2
Jute
India manufactures the largest quantity of jute goods in the world. Mainly located in West Bengal, followed by Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, UP, MP
Silk Textile
The location of silk industry is governed by two factors prevalence of sericulture practices and availability of skilled labour. Karnataka is the leading producer, followed by West Bengal, Bihar, etc
Woollen Te Textiles
In Punjab (Dhariwal, Amritsar, Ludhiana, Ferozpur), Maharashtra (Mumbai), UP (Kanpur, Mirzapur, Agra, Tanakpur), etc
Iron and steel
Located near the sources of raw materials and fuel (coal). In Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Durgapur, Burnpur (W.B.), Bhadrwati (Karnataka), Bokaro (Jharkhand), Rourkela (Orissa), Bhilai (Chhatisgarh), Salem (T.N.), (T.N.), Vishakhapatnam (A.P.)
6
Aluminium Smelting
Located mainly near the sources of raw materials, means of transport and cheap electricity. electricity. In Hirakud, Koraput (Orissa), Renukoot (UP), Korba (MP), Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), Mettur (TN), Alwaye
7
Copper Smelting
In Khetri, Alwar, Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan), Singhbhum (Jharkhand), Agnigundala (A.P.)
8
Heavy Machinery Machine Tools Industry
In Ranchi, Vishakapattnam, Durgapur, Durgapur, Tiruchirapalli, Mumbai, Naini it forms the basis for the manufacturing of industrial, defence equipments, automobiles, railway engines and electrical machinery. machinery. In Bangalore, Pinjore (Haryana), Kalamassery (Kerala), Hyderabad, Secunderabad, Srinagar, Ajmer.
9
Heavy Electrical Equipments
Power generation equipments. In Bhopal, Tiruchirapalli, Jammu, Ramchandrapuram (Hyderabad), Hardwar, Bangalore, and Jagdishpur (UP).
Railway Equipments
Locomotives: In Chittaranjan (WB), Varanasi, Jamshedpur, Bhopal. Coaches: Perambur(TN), Perambur(TN), Kapurthala (Punjab), also at Bangalore and Kolkata.
3
4
5
10
11 Ship Ship Bu Buil ildi ding ng
Hindustan Shipyard at Vishakhapatnam, Cochin Shipyard, Mumbai (Mazgaon Dock) and Kolkata (Garden Reach Workshop). For Indian Navy, only at Mazgaon
12 Cycles
In Mumbai, Asansol, Sonepat, Delhi, Chennai, Jalandhar and Ludhiana
6
Supreme Court of India
7
1 S t at u s
Stands at the apex of the judicial system of India. Consists of Chief Justice & 25 other judges.
2 Appoi ppoint ntme ment nt
The senior most judge of the Supreme Court is appointed as the Chief Justice of India. Other judges are appointed by the President after consultation with such judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Court as the President may deem necessary.
3 Qual Qualif ific icat atio ion n
Citizen of India Have been a judge of High Court for 5 yrs or An advocate of High Court for 10 yrs minimum or In President's view, a distinguished jurist of the country.
4 Term erm & Sa Sala lary ry
The Chief Justice & other judges hold office till 65 yrs of age. Can give resignation to President. Can be removed by the Parliament. After retirement, a judge of Supreme Court cannot plea d or act before any authority. Salary: Chief Justice - 33,000/- per month, Other Judges - 30,000/- per month
5
Removal of Judges
A motion seeking the removal of the judge can be preferred before either House of the Parliament. The resolution should be supported by a ma jority of total membership of both houses & by 2/3 majority of the members present & voting. Original Jurisdiction: The Supreme Court settles all disputes between Centre - State, State - State, etc. Writ Jurisdiction: Every individual has the right to move the Supreme Court directly by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of his Fundamental Rights. Advisory Jurisdiction: If the President seeks the advice of Supreme Court, it is duty bound to give its opinion. (Its opinion isn't a binding of President).
Jurisdiction of 6 The Supreme Court
Revisory Jurisdiction: The Supreme Court under Article 137 is empowered to review any judgement or order ma de by it with a view to removing any mistake or error that might have crept in the judgement or order. It is a court of record as its decisions are of evidentiary value & cannot be questioned in any a ny court. The Supreme Court also enjoys the power of Judicial review as it can ensure that the laws passed by legislature and orders issued by the executive do not contravene any provision of the Constitution. The Supreme Court decides disputes regarding the election of the President and the Vice President.
8
Parts of the Constitution
9
Part - I (Article 1 - 4)
Deals with territory of India formation of new states, alterations, names of existing states.
Part - II (Art. 5 Deals with various rights of citizenship. 11) Part - III (Art. 12 - 35)
Deals with fundamental rights of India n citizens. (Art. 31 - dealing with the right to property was deleted by 44th amendment).
Part - IV (Art. 36-51)
Deals with Directive Principles of State Policy. Policy.
Part - IV - A (Art. 51A)
Added by 42nd amendment in 1976. Contains the duties of the citizens.
Part - V (Art. 52 - 151)
Deals with govt. at the Union Level. (Duties & Function of PM, Ministers, Presidents, Attorney General, Parliament - Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha, Comptroller & Auditor General).
Part - VI (Art. 152 - 237)
Deals with govt. at the State Level. (Duties & functions of Chief Minister & his ministers, Governor, Governor, State legislature, High Court, Advocate General of the State).
Part - VII (Art. 238)
Deals with States, was replaced in 1956 by the 7th amendment.
Part - VIII (Art. 239 - 241)
Deals with Union Territories.
Part - IX
Consists of 2 parts: 1. Added by 73rd amendment in 1992. Contains a new schedule 'SCHEDULE ELEVEN'. It contains 29 subjects related to Panchayati Raj. (They have been given administrative powers). 2. Added by 74th amendment in 1992. Contains a new schedule 'SCHEDULE TWELVE'. TWELVE'. It contains 18 subjects related to Municipalities. (They have been given administrative powers).
Part - X (Art. 244, 244A)
Deals with Scheduled & Tribal Areas.
Part - XI (Art. 245 - 263)
Deals with relation between Union & States.
Part - XII (Art. 264 - 300A)
Deals with distribution of revenue between Union & States, appointment of Finance Commission (Article 280), contracts, liabilities etc.
Part - XIII (Art.301 - 307)
Relates to trade, commerce & intercourse within the Territory Territory of India.
Part - XIV (Art.308 - 323)
Deals with UPSC and Public Service Commissions.
Part - XV (Art.324 - 329)
Deals with elections (Also Election Commission)
Part - XVI (Art.330 - 342)
Deals with special provisions for Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribed & Anglo - Indian Representation.
10
Important Constitutional Amendments
11
1
First Amendment 1951
Added Ninth Schedule.
2
Seventh Amendment 1956
Necessitated on account of reorganisation of States on a linguistic basis
3
Eighth Amendment 1959
Extended special provisions for reservations of seats for SCs, STs STs and Anglo-Indian in Lok Sabha and Leg. Assemblies for a period of 10 years from1960 to 1970.
4
The Ninth Amendment 1960
Gave effect to transfer certain territories to Pakistan following the 1958 Indo-Pak agreement.
5
The Tenth Amendment 1961
Incorporated Dadra & Nagar Haveli as a UT.
6
Twelfth Amendment 1962
Incorporated Goa, Daman & Diu as a UT.
7
Thirteenth Amendment 1962
Created Nagaland as a State.
8
Fourteenth Amendment 1963
Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam, the former French territories were included in the I schedules as UT of Pondicherry.
9
Eighteenth Amendment 1966
Reorganised Punjab into Punjab, Haryana and UT of Chandigarh.
Twenty first 10 Amendment 1967
Included Sindhi as the Fifteenth Regional language.
Twenty second 11 Amendment 1969
Created a sub-state of Meghalaya with in Assam.
Twenty third 12 Amendment 1969
Extended the reservation of seats for SC/ST and nomination of Anglo-Indians for a further period of 10 years (till 1980).
Twenty sixth 13 Amendment 1971
Abolished the titles and special privileges of former rulers of princely states.
Twenty seventh 14 Amendment 1971
Established Manipur and Tripura as States and Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh as UTs.
Thirty first
Increased the elective Strength of LS from 525 to 545. The
12
Election Commission (Article 324) Status: •
•
•
•
•
•
The Constitution provides for an independent election commission to ensure free and fair election to the Parliament, the State legislature and the offices of President and Vice-President.
Consists of Chief Election Commissioner +2 Election Commissioners. They all enjoy equal powers.
The Chief Election Commissioner is appointed by the President and the other Election Commissioners are appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Election Commissioner. Commissioner. Article 324 also provides for the appointment of Regional Commissioners at the time of General Elections after consultation with the Election Commission.
Election Commissioners are appointed for a term of 5yrs.
They are not eligible for re-appointment. Also, they cannot hold any office of profit after their retirement.
The term of 5yrs can by cut short by resignation or removal by President on recommendation of the Parliament (Same as that of Judge of the Supreme Court).
Functions: •
Preparation of electoral rolls & keeping voters list updated.
13
•
Preparation of code of conductor for all political parties.
•
Recognition of various political parties & allotment of election symbols.
•
•
Appointment of election officers to look into disputes concerning election arrangements.
To examine the returns of election expenses filed by the candidate.
Fundamental Rights Right to Equality
Article 14
Equality before law and equal protection of law
Article 15
Prohibition of discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
Article 16
Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
Article 17
End of untouchability
Article 18
Abolition of titles, Military and academic distinctions are, however, however, exempted.
Right to Freedom of Religion
14
Article 25
Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
Article 26
Freedom to manage religious affairs
Article 27
Prohibits taxes on religious grounds
Article 28
Freedom as to attendance at religious ceremonies in certain educational institutions
Right Against Exploitation Article 23 23
Traff affic in hu human beings prohibi ibited
Arti Articl cle e 24
No child ild belo below w the the age age of 14 can be empl emplo oyed
Right to Freedom of Religion Article 25
Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
Article 26
Freedom to manage religious affairs
Article 27
Prohibits taxes on religious grounds
Article 28
Freedom as to attendance at religious ceremonies in certain educational institutions
Cultural and Educational Rights Article Article 29 29 Protectio Protection n of interests interests of minori minorities ties Article Article 30 Right of minori minorities ties to establis establish h and administer administer educatio educational nal institutio institutions. ns. Articl Article e 31 Omitte Omitted d by the 44th 44th Amen Amendme dment nt Act. Act.
Right to Constitutional Remedies Article 32
The right to move the Supreme Court in case of their violation (called Soul and heart of the Constitution by DR Ambedkar).
The New States Created After 1950
15
1
Andhra Pradesh
Created by the State of Andhra Pradesh Act, 1953 by carving out some areas from the State of Madras
2
Gujarat and Maharashtra
The State of Bombay was divided into two States, I.e., Maharashtra and Gujarat by the Bombay (Reorganisation) Act, 1960
3
Kerala
Created by the State Reorganisation Act, 1956. Te comprised Travancor and Cochin areas.
4
Karnataka
Created from the Princely State of Mysore by the State Reorganisation Act, 1956. It was renamed Karnataka in 1973.
5
Nagaland
It was carved out from the State of Assam by the State of Nagaland Act, 1962.
6
Haryana
It was carved out from the State of Punjab by the Punjab (Reorganisation) Act, 1966
7
Himachal Pradesh
The Union Territory Territory of Himachal Pradesh was elevated to the status of State by the State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970
8
Meghalaya
First carved out as a sub-State within the State of Assam by 23rd Constitutional Amendment, 1969. Later in 1971, it received the status of a full-fledged State by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act. 1971
9
Manipur and Tripura
Both these States were elevated from the status of Union Territories by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971.
10 Sikkim
Sikkim was first given the Status of Associate State by the 35th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1974. It got the status of a full State in 1975 by the 36th Amendment Act, 1975.
11 Mizoram
It was elevated to the Status of a full State by the State of Mizoram Act, 1986.
12
Arunachal Pradesh
It received the status of a full State by the State of Arunachal Pradesh Act, 1986.
13 Goa
Goa was separated from the Union Territory Territory of Goa, Daman Dama n and Diu and was made a full-fledged State by the Goa, Daman and Diu Reorganisation Act, 1987. But Daman and Diu remained as Union Territory
14 Chha Chhatt ttis isga garh rh
Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing Madhya Pradesh on November 1, 2000
15 Utta Uttarranch anchal al
Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing Uttar Pradesh on November 9, 2000
16 Jhar Jhark khand hand
Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing Bihar on November 15,2000.
16
Parliament of India LOK SABHA: Maximum strength - 550 + 2 nominated members. (530 - States/ 20 - Union Territories) Present strength of Lok Sabha - 545. The Eighty Fourth Amendment, 2001, extended freeze on Lok Sabha and State Assembly seats till 2026. The normal tenure of the Lok Sabha is five years, but it may be dissolved earlier by the President. The life of the Lok Sabha can be extended by the Parliament beyond the five year term, when a proclamation of emergency under Article 352 is in force. But the Parliament cannot extend the normal life of the Lok Sabha for more than one year at a time (no limit on the number of times in the Constitution). The Candidate must be: (a) Citizen of India. (b) Atleast 25 yrs of age. (c ) Mustn't hold any office of profit. (d) No unsound mind/ insolvent. (e) Has registered as voter in any Parliamentary Constituency.
17
Oath of MPs is conducted by the Speaker. Can resign, by writing to Speaker. Presiding officer is Speaker (In his absence Deputy Speaker). The members among themselves elect him. The Speaker continues in office even after the dissolution of the Lok Sabha till a newly elected Lok Sabha meets. Usually the Speaker, Speaker, after his election cuts-off all connection with his party & acts in an impartial manner. manner. He does not vote in the first instance, but exercises his casting vote only to remove a deadlock. Charges his salary from Consolidated Fund of India. Speaker sends his resignation to deputy Speaker. The Majority of the total membership can remove Speaker after giving a 14 days notice. (During this time, he doesn't preside over the meetings). After his removal, continues in office till his successor takes charge. RAJYA SABHA •
•
•
•
•
•
Maximum Strength - 250 {Out of these, President nominates 12 amongst persons having special knowledge or practical experience in the fields of literature, science, art and social service}.
Presently, Presently, the Parliament, by law, has provided for 233 seats for the States and the Union Territories. Territories. The total membership of Rajya Sabha is thus 245.
All the States and the Union Territories of Delhi and Pondicherry are represented in the Rajya Sabha.
Representatives of the State are elected by members of State legislative assemblies on the basis of proportional representation through a single transferable vote.
There are no seats reserved for Scheduled Castes a nd Scheduled Tribes Tribes in Rajya Sabha.
The candidate must be: (a) Citizen of India. (b) 30 yrs yrs of age. (c ) Be Be a parliamentary elector in the State in which he is seeking election. (d) Others
18
as prescribed by parliament from time-to-time.
•
•
•
•
The Rajya Sabha MPs are elected for a term of 6 years, as 1/3rd members retire every 2 years.
Vice-President is the ex-officio chairman of Rajya Sabha. He presides over the proceedings of the Rajya Sabha as long a s he does not act as the President of India during a vacancy in the office of the President of India.
Also a deputy chairman is elected from its members.
In Rajya Sabha any bill can originate, apart from money bill (including budget).
President
19
1 Qual Qualif ific icat atio ion n
Must be a citizen of India. Completed 35 yrs in age. Eligible to be a member of Lok Sabha. Must not hold any Government post. Exceptions: President and Vice-President. Governor of any State. Minister of Union or State.
2 Election
Indirectly elected through 'Electoral College' consisting of Elected members of both the Houses of Parliament & Elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States. (No nominated members). Security deposit - 15,000/Supreme Court inquires all disputes regarding President's election. Takes OATH in presence of Chief Justice of India, or in his absence, senior most judge of Supreme Court.
3
Term & Emoluments
5 year term Article 57 says that there is no upper limit on the no. of times a person can ecome President. Can give resignation to Vice President before full-term. Present Salary - 50,000/month (including all owances & emoluments).
4 Impe Impeac achm hme ent
Quasi-judicial procedure. Can be impeached only on the ground of violation of Constitution. The impeachment procedure can be initiated in either House of the Parliament.
5 Vacancy
In case the office falls vacant due to death, resignation or removal, the Vice-President acts as President. If he is not available then Chief Justice, if not then senior-most judge of Supreme Court shall act as the President of India. The election is to be held within 6 months of the vacancy.
7 Powers
Appoints PM, ministers, Chief Justice & Judges of Supreme Court & High courts, Chairman & members of UPSC, Comptroller and Auditor General, Attorney General, Chief Election Commissioner and other members of Election Commission, Governors, Members of Finance Commission, Ambassadors, etc. Can summon & prorogue the sessions of the 2 houses & can dissolve Lok Sabha. Appoints Finance Commission (after every 5 yrs) that recommends distribution of taxes between Union & State govts. Appoints the Chief Justice and the judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts. The President can promulgate 3 types of Emergencies: National Emergency (Article 352) State Emergency (President's Rule) (Article 356) Financial Emergency (Article 360) He is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces of India. President appoints Chiefs of Army, Navy & Air Force. Declares wars & concludes peace subject to the approval of the
20
Prime Ministers of India Jawahar Lal Nehru
15.08.1947
27.05.1964
Gulzari Lal Nanda
27.05.1964
09.06.1964
Lal Bahadur Shastri
09.06.1964
11.01.1966
Gulzari Lal Nanda
11.01.1966
24.01.1966
Indira Gandhi
24.01.1966
24.03.1977
Morarji Desai
24.03.1977
28.07.1979
Charan Singh
28.07.1979
14.01.1980
Indira Gandhi
14.01.1980
31.10.1984
Rajiv Gandhi
31.10.1984
01.12.1989
V.P.Singh
02.12.1989
10.11.1990
Chandra Shekhar
10.11.1990
21.06.1991
P.V.Narsimha Rao
21.06.1991
16.05.1996
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
16.05.1996
01.06.1996
H.D. Deve Gowda
01.06.1996
21.04.1997
I.K.Gujral
21.04.1997
18.03.1998
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
19.03.1998
12.10.1999
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
13.10.1999
21.05.2004
Dr.Manmohan Singh
22.05.2004
Till Date
Vice President
21
•
Elected by both the houses (Electoral College) in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote and the vote being secret. Nominated members also participate in his election.
1 Election
•
•
Citizen of India.
•
More than 35 yrs of age
•
Possess Possess the qualification for membership of Rajya Sabha.
2 Criteria
•
•
•
•
•
3
The Supreme Court has the final a nd exclusive jurisdiction for resolving disputes and doubts relating to the election of the Vice-President.
Not hold any office of profit under union, state or local authority. However, for this purpose, the President, Vice-President, Governor of a State and a Minister of the Union or a State, are not held to be holding an office of profit. Holds office for 5 yrs. Can be re-elected.
Term can be cut short if he resigns or by a resolution of the Raja Sabha passed by a majority of all the then members of the Rajya Sabha and agreed to by the Lok Sabha.
He is the ex-officio chairman of Rajya Sabha. Since he is not a member of Rajya Sabha, he has no right to vote.
Being the Vice President of India, he is not entitled for any salary, salary, but he is entitled to the salary and allowances payable to the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
Other Points •
All bills, resolution, motion can be taken in Rajya Sabha after his
22
Presidents of India 1
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
26.01.1950
13.05.1962
2
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
13.05.1962
13.05.1967
3
Dr. Zakir Hussain
13.05.1967
03.05.1969
4
V.V.Giri (Vice President)#
03.05.1969
20.07.1969
5
Justice M. Hidayatullah*#
20.07.1969
24.08.1969
6
V.V. Giri
24.08.1969
24.08.1974
7
F. Ali Ahmed
24.08.1974
11.02.1977
8
B.D. Jatti#
11.02.1977
25.07.1977
9
N. Sanjiva Reddy
25.07.1977
25.07.1982
10
Gaini Jail Singh
25.07.1982
25.07.1987
11
R. Venkataraman
25.07.1987
25.071992
12
Dr.S.D. Sharma
25.07.1992
25.07.1997
13
K.R. Narayanan
25.07.1997
25.07.2002
14
Dr.A.P. J. Abdul Kalam
25.07.2002
25.07.2007
15
Pratibha Patil
25.07.2007
Till Date
Source: http://www.winentrance.com/General_Knowledge/
Representation of States and Union Territories
23
SNo
State / UTs
Lok Sabha
Rajya Sabha
1
Andhra Pradesh
42
18
2
Arunachal Pradesh
2
1
3
Assam
14
7
4
Bihar
40
16
5
Jharkhand
14
6
6
Goa
2
1
7
Gujarat
26
11
8
Haryana
10
5
9
Himachal Pradesh
4
3
10
Jammu & Kashmir
6
4
11
Karnataka
28
12
12
Kerala
20
9
13
Madhya Pradesh
29
11
14
Chattisgarh
11
5
15
Maharashtra
48
19
16
Manipur
2
1
17
Meghalaya
2
1
18
Mizoram
1
1
19
Nagaland
1
1
20
Orissa
21
10
21
Punjab
13
7
22
Rajasthan
25
10
23
Sikkim
1
1
24
Tamil Nadu
39
18
25
Tripura
2
1
26
Uttar Pradesh
80
31
27
Uttaranchal
5
3
28
West Bengal
42
16
29
Andaman & Nicobar
1
-
30
Chandigarh
1
-
24
Name of Parliments and Countries
25
SNo
Country
Name of Parliment
1
Afghanistan
Hal-o-Aqad (National Assembly)
2
Albania
People's Assembly
3
Algeria
National People's Assembly
4
Angola
National People's Assembly
5
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6
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19
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26
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27
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28
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29
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26
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