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Db p~ksb p ~ksb ha jhb son~b he joeb " db jkssb ao jho nb~so pk~ vk~~o " ha i{chak oa jhb n~occhb " k jh sbeb novv{vb aà cbjk {e sbafovb cb~ogghbsb% cb~ogghb sb%Ha sbafovb ekaa‘oegbscho! coevb i~oecksk fka TYHH skcbab% > Po~vk fh q{ksvk ib~}k k~o svovo v~osik~hvo s{aao cbaaheo! p~bnonhajkevk ?; novvogahbeh fh ioevk~ho! he ~heib~}b oaa‘Oank~gbvvh! cdk fhspbekyo cbsá ha 7 skvvkjn~k fh {eo ib~}o cbjpaksshyo fh 30 novvogahbeh fh ioevk~ho%
_{h knnk heh}hb ao vk~}o iosk! c{ajheovo cbe ao c~hsh fkaak ib~}k oaakovk o co{so fh {e ~h{schvb cbev~ovvoccb ghgahovb! sv~becovb fo {eo ikahck jbsso vovvhco fka P~hechpk K{gkehb% Pk~ cbeyk~gk~k cbev~b Jofbeeo fh Cojpogeo ao n~hgovo fh fksv~o $]{jm{egke( phkgþ he bnahq{b kccksshyojkevk o fksv~o! ~bjpkefb ha i~bevk cdk vkekyo cbe ao n~hgovo Dogke! ao q{oak ogg~oyþ o s{o ybavo ao ioaao oyoe}oefb yk~sb ao sv~ofo Vb~heb*Akheá% I{~beb co~hcovk hjjkfhovojkevk foaao coyoaak~ho nb~nbehco cdk ovvoccþ h ab~b ihoecdh scbpk~vh% K{gkehb soayþ ao shv{o}hbek voppoefb ao ioaao cbe ao n~hgovo Nbeekyoa oppkeo gh{evo he vkjpb pk~ p~kefk~k s{a ihoecb h coyoahk~h ekjhch k ossoah~ah oaao nohbekvvo% Occoevb o K{gkehb coffk~b {cchsh {e pogghb k {e fbjksvhcb! k ha s{b svkssb coyoaab i{ onnovv{vb sbvvb fh a{h! jo ha P~hechpk sh ~hoa}þ v~o h Yhcvb~ho/ fkh sbafovh% Gah oaakovh cbevhe{o~beb of ovvocco~k oecdk a‘oao shehsv~o i~oecksk! k ekaao jhscdho cdk sh occksk ha jo~kschoaab Jo~she i{ ik~hvb jb~voajkevk jkev~k a‘B~aèoes i{ cbaphvb fo {eo poaabvvbao cdk! sknnkek ebe ab ik~hssk g~oykjkevk! ab jhsk pk~ ha jbjkevb i{b~h cbjnovvhjkevb% Ekaao q{o~vo iosk oppbgghoefbsh oaao aheko fh cbev~byoaao}hbek h i~oecksh! ~heib~}ovh fo >9 sq{of~beh fh f~ogbeh opphkfovh gh{evh f‘bav~k Fb~o! k f{k novvogahbeh fh ioevk~ho p~bykehkevh foh p~kshfh s{a Pb! vkevo~beb fh cbevkefk~k ha cojpb! oecdk sk gah b~fheh pk~ ao ~hvh~ovo k~oeb ghà svovh fovh foa fbab~oevk B~aèoes oa jbjkevb fh onnoefbeo~k ab scbev~b% Oaak ?> ao g{o~ehghbek fh Vb~heb k~o kev~ovo he o}hbek! oykyo heh}hovb a‘bcc{po}hbek fkaao Yoecdhgaho k po~vkchpoyo oaak iosh cbeca{shyk fkgah scbev~h fh A{ckevb% Ekaao q{hevo iosk fkaab scbev~b h i~oecksh fkaa‘oao fksv~o sh snoefo~beb fkihehvhyojkevk! heskg{hvh foaao coyoaak~ho! ck~coefb scojpb yk~sb h pbevh fh Pb! fbyk i{~beb ovvoccovh foaak ib~}k oaakovk he ogg{ovb oa ^kghb Po~cb% B~joh sbab a‘oao shehsv~o ghgahovo cbevhe{oyo o ~kshsvk~k% Yhsvo he{vhak ao p~bskc{}hbek fh bgeh ~kshsvke}o! ha p~kshfhb fh A{ckevb n~{chþ h jogo}}heh! onnoefbeþ ha cosvkaab! k possþ ao Fb~o fhsv~{ggkefb ha pbevk% O q{ksvb p{evb ak v~{ppk fka Ao Ik{haaofk! hevovvk! i{~beb cbevoghovk foa poehcb k cbjhecho~beb o i{ggh~k% Oaak ?6 ao novvogaho k~o ihehvo% [e‘b~o fbpb K{gkehb k Yhvvb~hb Ojkfkb kev~oyoeb heshkjk ekaao chvvà ahnk~ovo! occbavh foa s{beb fkaak cojpoek k foa ~bjnb fka coeebek! k v~o ao ibaao iksvoevk ~oggh{esk~b ha F{bjb pk~ ckakn~o~k ha sbakeek Vk Fk{j%
Cbsá sbahvojkevk ä eo~~ovo ao Novvogaho fh Vb~heb! cbjnovv{vo ha jo~vkfá 7 skvvkjn~k ?709% He{vhak sbvvbaheko~k cbjk ak ‑cheq{k iosh‚ fkaao novvogaho ebe i{~beb yhsvk cbjk voah fo ekss{eb fkh cbjnovvkevh p~kskevh! ekpp{~k foa P~hechpk K{gkehb! fo Yhvvb~hb Ojkfkb b foaa‘B~aèoes! ebebsvoevk kssh gbfkssk~b fka yoevogghb k fkaao copochvà fh hevk~ykeh~k fh~kvvojkevk s{gah kykevh% He oav~k po~bak ak ‑cheq{k iosh‚ sbeb {eo cbeyke}hbek kspbshvhyo% Cdh po~vkchpþ oaab scbev~b ebe knnk jhehjojkevk ao pbsshnhahvà fh io~sh {e‘hfko p~kchso fh chþ cdk svoyo oyykekefb% Ha a{bgbvkekevk gkek~oak Sohev* I~èjbev! cdk p{~k k~o {eb fkh ‑p~hyhakghovh‚ ekaa‘bssk~yo~k ao abvvo! sc~hssk ha ?0 skvvkjn~k ?709! v~k ghb~eh fbpb gah kykevh< V{vvb oefoyo nkek s{a ebsv~b aovb! q{oefb ykeek~b of oyyk~vh~ch cdk ao ebsv~o fksv~o! fbyk c‘k~oeb ha shgeb~h Ksvoheg! fk Yhaahk~s k Skeekvä~k! k~o svovo ib~}ovo% S%O%^% \%%%Z cbjk ha Shgeb~ jo~kschoaab fh Jo~che! jh b~fheo~beb! po~vkefb! fh ~occbgahk~k chþ cdk pbvkyb fh v~{ppk k io~k fo ~kv~bg{o~fho% Sohev*I~èjbev! p{~ cbjnovvkefb o jkeb fh ?%000 jkv~h f‘o~ho foa a{bgb fbyk svo oyykekefb ab sibefojkevb! ebe sh ~ksk cbevb fh e{aao! q{oefb i{ ~oggh{evb foaao ebvh}ho fkaao ~bvv{~o fkaao aheko fka i~bevk% Ab svkssb fhcosh pk~ h ~ksbcbevh K{g äek ! ~hpb~vovo foa Pkakv! ha cbefbvvhk~b hjpk~hoak ib~ehvh fo po~vk oaakovo% Ekaak svkssk poghek fkaa‘ Dhsvbh~k f{ P~heck K{gäek do fkgah kykevh {eo yhshbek fkchsojkevk po~}hoak! ahjhvovo oa skvvb~k fbyk sh v~byo fh ybavo he ybavo% Ao s{o ovvke}hbek k~o cbeckev~ovo! cbjk ä byyhb s{ppb~~k! s{aak sb~vh fkaa‘ovvoccb oaa‘oao fksv~o i~oecksk% Fo po~vk sono{fo ekss{eb fkh jogghb~h svb~hch cbevkjpb~oekh ogah kykevh! ha Vo~h}}b k ha Sbao~b fkaao Jo~go~hvo! k~oeb ihshcojkevk p~kskevk s{a cojpb fh novvogaho k v~ossk~b h ab~b ~ksbcbevh fo vksvhjbeh bc{ao~h k ~occbevh fh skcbefo joeb! cbe v{vvk ak ahjhvo}hbeh cdk q{ksvk opp{evb cbjpb~voeb% Kpp{~k! q{osh s{nhvb fbpb ab scbev~b! sh fkchsk cdk q{ksvo novvogaho fbykssk kssk~k ~occbevovo skcbefb {eb scdkjo nke p~kchsb< yo~hoeb voaybavo h e{jk~h fkaak ib~}k he cojpb! h ebjh fkh ~kpo~vh hjpkgeovh! spkssb ao eo~~o}hbek è phø b jkeb yba{vojkevk p~bahsso! joecoevk bpp{~k fkcb~ovo fh voah po~vhcbao~h fo cbeibefk~k phø cdk sphkgo~k! oa p{evb cdk gah kykevh fka 7 skvvkjn~k oppohbeb ‑scdhocchovh‚ he voevh nossb~hahkyh jbe{jkevoah hjnosvhvh skcbefb {e fhskgeb cdk! fh ybavo he ybavo! cojnho! onnkaakefb q{ksvb b q{kaa‘oav~b ospkvvb b pk~sbeogghb! he {e q{of~b gkek~oak ph{vvbsvb sco~eb fh heib~jo}hbeh ovvk o sphkgo~k eka fkvvogahb h jkccoehsjh fkaao novvogaho% Jo ao p~bspkvvhyo cojnho hjp~byyhsojkevk sk q{ksvk sckek cbsá oppo~kevkjkevk svovhcdk ykegbeb bssk~yovk ebe phø cbe gah bccdh fh {e bssk~yovb~k p~hyhakghovb! jo ovv~oyk~sb q{kaah fka sbafovb fka pk~hbfb% Ha jhahvo~k fka ?709 k~o {eo po~vk fh {e jkccoehsjb cdk sh j{bykyo skcbefb fkvk~jheovh po~ojkv~h% Ck~co~k fh svonhah~k q{oak ibssk ha p{evb fh yhsvo fh cdh cbjnovvkyo k he cdk jhs{~o q{ksvh fhiik~hssk ekh shegbah cosh * q{kaab sbafovb fh I~oecho cdk svoyo he ovvkso fhkv~b {e v~heck~ojkevb ~hspkvvb oa g~oeovhk~k p~{sshoeb cdk svoyo jo~choefb cbev~b ab svkssb! q{kaab fkaa‘o~vhgahk~k ~hspkvvb o q{kaab fka cb~o}}hk~k! q{kaab q{kaab fka i{gghoscb ~hspkvvb oaa‘heskg{hvb~k! q{kaab fka ik~hvb ~hspkvvb o cdh ~hjosk haaksb * ä ao yho ib~sk phø i~{vv{bso pk~ cbjp~kefk~k ha co~ovvk~k fkaao Novvogaho fh Vb~heb eka s{b cbjpakssb% ?% Phoeh k p~kpo~o}hbeh%
V~o ak q{ovv~b k ak cheq{k fka jovvheb fka 7 skvvkjn~k cbjoefoevh oaakovh cbef{ssk~b ak ab~b ~hcbgeh}hbeh iheoah p~hjo p~h jo oecb~o cdk iockssk ghb~eb! he {eo ovjbsik~o fh g~oefk vkeshbek% Jbavh sbafovh he q{ka jbjkevb pbvk~beb ykfk~k h ab~b cbjoefoevh! k nke sopkyoeb cdk ao ab~b sbp~oyyhyke}o s{a cojpb k~o fkvk~jheovo fo chþ cdk svoyoeb he q{ka jbjkevb fkchfkefb%
[eo cbso ä skfk~sh oaao sc~hyoeho! k heyksvhgo~k o i~kffb s{ chþ cdk occoffk k s{ chþ cdk so~knnk occof{vb% Ä fhiik~kevk phoehihco~k ab scdkjo fkaao novvogaho s{ {e {e yk~b cojpb! ~koah}}o~ab! jhgahb~o~ab k cb~~kggk~ab jkev~k v{vvk ak vkeshbeh fka jbjkevb svoeeb jbevoefb! k! sk chþ p{þ p{ þ kssk~k cbeshfk~ovb yk~b! ao eov{~o {joeo ä oa s{b gh{fh}hb 3% Ao ~hcbgeh}hbek fkihehvhyo sk~yá o svonhah~k ao vovvhco pk~ ab scbev~b% Ao s{pk~hb~hvà fkaao coyoaak~ho akggk~o hjpk~hoak! ib~vk fh 6 sq{of~beh fh {sso~h 6! i{ fkvk~jheoevk sbvvb q{ksvb p{evb fh yhsvo% Ak yhk fh pkekv~o}hbek k fh jo~cho k~oeb svovk occ{~ovojkevk sckavk k pk~a{sv~ovk! cbsá cbjk ha i{v{~b cojpb fh novvogaho! fbyk i{~beb ~hcbebsch{vh k sv{fhovh h aoyb~h fh ib~vhihco}hbek cojpoak fka ekjhcb% Ekaao ebvvk v~o ha 9 kf ha 7 skvvkjn~k i{ fh~ojovb ha skg{kevk b~fhek fka ghb~eb ;< Fbjoeh o Fhb phockefb sh jo~ck~à cbev~b ak ahekk ekjhcdk ekh jbfh p~ksc~hvvh k ekaa‘b~fhek skg{kevk= {e‘b~o p~hjo fka ghb~eb ao coyoaak~ho skaak~à h coyoaah ske}o ha skgeoak fka n{vvoskaao< ao ioevk~ho ske}o novvk~k h vojn{~h! sh fhspb~~à oav~ksá pk~ ao jo~cho! shccdè oaab sp{evo~ fka ghb~eb v{vvo a‘o~jovo so~à p~bevo o jo~cho~k% Ao ioevk~ho oy~à a‘oyoeg{o~fho k v{vvh h g~oeovhk~h so~oeeb fhsvoccovh foh ab~b ~kgghjkevh! kf {e‘b~o p~hjo fka akyo~ fka sbak sh pb~vk~oeeb o shehsv~o foyoevh o h P~{sshoeh pk~ kssk~ q{hyh ogah b~fheh fka p~hechpk f‘Oedoav% So~oeeb fhyhsh he skh fhsvhevk scdhk~k% _{kaah fkaao ?o aheko so~oeeb cbjoefovh fo {e cbabeekaab! k q{kaah fkaao >o fo {e a{bgbvkekevk cbabeekaab% Ao ioevk~ho jo~ck~à s{ bvvb cbabeek! fh c{h q{ovv~b so~oeeb ib~jovk foaak n~hgovk fkaao ?o aheko% _{ksvk bvvb cbabeek jo~ck~oeeb a‘{eo o ihoecb fkaa‘oav~o! he jbfb cdk a‘o~vhgahk~ho! cdk so~à ~hpo~vhvo he fhyk~sk n~hgovk! pbsso jo~cho~ i~o fh kssk% Ao N~hgovo fh Dogke s{aao s{ aao shehsv~o sh oppbggk~à oaao Sv{~o= o fksv~o fh fkvvo N~hgovo ch so~à q{kaao fka gkek~oak Svhaake! fka Gkek~oak Jo~kschoaab A{bgbvkekevk ha No~bek f‘Osskanocd! fka Gkek~oak ]{jhegke! fka N~hgofhk~k Biikte! fka Gkek~oak Jo~kschoaab A{bgbvkekevk ^kdnhefk~! fka Gkek~oak Jo~kschoaab L~hcpko{j! k q{kaao fka P~hechpk fh Sotk Gbvdo! a‘{eo o ihoecb fkaa‘oav~o% V{vvh h G~oeovhk~h jo~ck~oeeb foyoevh oaao n~hgovo Svhaake< h pk}}h fo cojpogeo so~oeeb i~o h Novvogahbeh skcbefb ao ~hpo~vh}hbek cdk sk ek ä iovvo = eka cosb sh hecbev~heb fkh ibssh! ~hjo~~oeeb a{egb ao sv~ofo p~hechpoak fo Ykeo~ho o Vb~heb sheb o q{oefb ebe so~oeeb ekaao phoeo< ebe oppkeo sh so~à eka phoeb sh io~à {eo n~kyk sbsvo! oaao pb~vovo fka coeebek fkaao aheko fkh ekjhch! k ak q{ovv~b N~hgovk fkaao p~hjo aheko sh pb~vk~oeeb yk~sb ao shehsv~o k h P~{sshoeh sh oppbggk~oeeb oaao fksv~o% H Coeebeh so~oeeb pbsvh v~o h Novvogahbeh k ab spo}hb fo {e Novvogahbek oaa‘oav~b so~à fh >0 b 30 possh $v~o h 9 k h 8 jkv~h(% Ao skcbefo aheko oppbggk~à {g{oajkevk ao shehsv~o oaao Sv{~o! svkefkefbsh s{aao fksv~o she cdk pbv~à! cbe ao fhiik~ke}o cdk aosck~à fkgah hevk~yoaah phø g~oefh oiihecdè he cosb fh cbei{shbek h novvogahbeh fkaao p~hjo aheko sh pbssoeb ~hib~jo~k fhkv~b Ha Cbjoefb fkaao skcbefo aheko oy~à a‘ovvke}hbek fh jo~cho~k o v~k b q{ovv~bckevb possh $v~o h 80 k h ?>0 jkv~h( foaao p~hjo! k eka cosb cdk ao jo~cho fkaao p~hjo sho phø ykabck! ao skcbefo cbevhe{k~à o jo~cho~k akevojkevk k he n{be b~fhek% H G~oeovhk~h jo~ck~oeeb v{vvh foyoevh oaao N~hgovo Svhaake= S vhaake= q{kaah fkaao p~hjo aheko io~oeeb a‘oyoeg{o~fho fh v{vvh! k so~oeeb skg{hvh fo q{kaah fkaao skcbefo aheko eka jkfkshjb b~fhek= k ch sh sk~yh~à fh ab~b eka jbfb he c{h ab sh gh{fhcdk~à bppb~v{eb% H Shgeb~h Gkek~oah sho fkaao p~hjo cdk fkaao skcbefo Aheko io~oeeb ovvke}hbek cdk ak v~{ppk jo~cheb he n{be b~fhek! k cdk chosc{eb voevb fkgah {iihchoah cdk fkh sbafovh sbafo vh sho heib~jovb fh chþ cdk fby~à io~k% Sh jo~ck~à ha phø oyoevh pbsshnhak cbe ak o~jh s{aak spoaak! k gah {bjheh ebe vh~k~oeeb oac{e cbapb ske}o {e b~fhek pbshvhyb fo po~vk fkgah {iihchoah Fbpb cdk ao aheko fkh ekjhch so~à s o~à svovo p~kso! h G~oeovhk~h k ao p~hjo aheko yh sh jkvvk~oeeb he ib~jo}hbek! iheb o e{byb b~fhek! iockefb fkh yo~cdh pk~ io~ posso~k ao Coyoaak~ho% Gah kq{hpoggh k h joaovh ~ksvk~oeeb hefhkv~b k sh ~h{eh~oeeb foyoevh oaa‘oao fksv~o! fbyk bnnkfh~oeeb oa Jogghb~k fkaao Ykccdho G{o~fho skg{kefb gah b~fheh fkaao Gkek~oahvà% Ha G~oe P~kybsvb sh v~byk~à oh fkvvh kq{hpoggh k bssk~yk~à gah b~fheh fka Jogghb~k% V{vvb q{kaah cdk so~oeeb he cbefh}hbeh fh cbjnovvk~k sh v~byk~oeeb oaao ab~b Noefhk~o! b Svkefo~fb! k aosck~oeeb jkebjojkevk chþ cdk pbv~oeeb ogah kq{hpoggh% Ihek fkaa‘b~fhek pk~ ao ioevk~ho% B~fhek pk~ ao Coyoaak~ho [e‘b~o p~hjo fka ghb~eb sh skaak~à ske}o s{beo~k ha n{vvoskaao! k oaa‘oano so~à v{vvb p~bevb pk~ ao jo~cho% Ao Coyoaak~ho jo~ck~à yhcheb oaao ioevk~ho! k ao p~hjo aheko oy~à a‘oyoeg{o~fho! sho fkaao fksv~o cdk fkaao shehsv~o< jo~ck~à he skh cbabeek%
Oiiojovh! sihehvh foaak jo~ck k foh v{~eh he v~hecko= q{ksvo f{eq{k ao cbefh}hbek fkh cbjnovvkevh fh Vb~heb oaa‘heh}hb fkaao novvogaho% Cbab~b h q{oah posso~beb ao ebvvk ekh cojph fb~jh~beb ekaak pkgghb~h cbefh}hbeh! b ebe fb~jh~beb oiiovvb% Sbab h i~oecksh! yhcheh oh ab~b cojph! fb~jh~beb ekaak ab~b vkefk! p~bnonhajkevk oecdk sk~keojkevk! fovb cdk ekss{eb sh ospkvvoyo fh cbjnovvk~k a‘hefbjoeh% >%>% Ak o~jh k ao jkevk%
P~hjo fka cbjnovvhjkevb v{vvk ak o~jh i{~beb cbev~baaovk! ak ghnkchä~ks ~hkjphvk foh 30 oh 60 cbaph! k ak phkv~k ibcohk sbsvhv{hvk?8% He jkfho bgeh phkv~o ibcoho cbeskevhyo >4 cbaph! fbpb fh cdk fbykyo kssk~k sbsvhv{hvo% Phkv~k fh ~hsk~yo ykehyoeb pk~voevb ghà p~kpo~ovk ekaak ghnkchä~ks! oyybavk fo {eo aojheo fh phbjnb pk~ ioyb~h~k ao p~kso fkaao goeoscho fka coek fkaao novvk~ho% He cbjnovvhjkevb ao phkv~o k~o cbsá ghà p~bevo pk~ a‘{sb! ske}o pk~fk~k vkjpb o jbfkaao~k ha phbjnb% A‘o~jo fo i{bcb k~o occ{~ovojkevk cbev~baaovo k p{ahvo< fo ksso fhpkefkyo ao yhvo fka sbafovb% [eo n{beo joe{vke}hbek fkaa‘o~jo cbeskevhyo ha cojnhb fkaao phkv~o bgeh 30 cbaph! cbe {e cbapb ioaahvb s{ ?0 vh~h – pk~ ha q{oak k~o ekcksso~hb ~hco~hco~k ab scbfkaaheb * k {e cbapb ioaahvb po~}hoajkevk s{ >0 cbaph – q{oefb heykck nosvoyo ~ho~jo~k ha coek k vh~o~k *% Cbe {eo n{beo joe{vke}hbek! spkchk sk p~hjo fh {eb scbev~b! a‘kiihcocho fkaa‘o~jo he cbjnovvhjkevb jhgahb~oyo ebvkybajkevk% _{ksvb iovvb k~o fh ksv~kjo hjpb~voe}o! he po~vhcbao~k ekaa‘o~jovo fka P~hechpk K{gkehb fbyk ao pbvke}o fh i{bcb oy~knnk fby{vb sibefo~k ak ahekk oyyk~so~hk% Yh k~oeb ekaao joe{vke}hbek fkaa‘o~jo fkaak hjpahco}hbeh fh vhpb pshcbabghcb% A‘kq{hpogghojkevb nke joevke{vb k~o {e shjnbab fh fhschpaheo! kiihchke}o k sbahfhvà fka ~kpo~vb% H p~{sshoeh fka p~hechpk fh Oedoav Fksso{ oykyoeb bgeh po~vk fka ab~b kq{hpogghojkevb a{chfb cbjk {eb spkccdhb – ha jbscdkvvb! ao spofo! k ab sc{fb f‘bvvbek s{aao povvo fkaao ghnk~eo% \%%%Z Sbab ak pk~sbek ske}o vksvo cbefoeek~oeeb q{ksvb spakefb~k cbjk he{vhak% Kssb o{jkevo ha cb~ogghb k ao ihf{cho fka sbafovb! k o{jkevo ao fhgehvà fh v{vvb a‘ksk~chvb >0% Fka ~ksvb i{ ck~vb {eb spkvvocbab hjp~ksshbeoevk bssk~yo~k jhgahoho fh coeek fh i{chak a{chfk schevhaao~k oaak p~hjk a{ch fka sbak< ao g{k~~o ghbcoyo! k ghbco v{vv‘bggh! oecdk s{ q{ksvh ospkvvh pshcbabghch% Ebe skjn~o cdk gah ksk~chvh ibssk~b jkgahb p~kpo~ovh! sph~hv{oajkevk k jkevoajkevk! oaao novvogaho fh q{oevb ebe ab ibssk~b sbvvb ha p~bihab ihshcb% Fh ck~hjbehk ~kahghbsk! o q{oevb skjn~o! o Vb~heb ebe yk ek i{~beb% Ha 7 skvvkjn~k k~o {e jo~vkfá! k ebe sh ~oyyhsoyo voak ekcksshvà% Hebav~k ha P~hechpk K{gkehb ebe hevkefkyo sp~kco~k vkjpb! k q{osh shc{~ojkevk ebe ch i{~beb i{e}hbeh ~kahghbsk s{a cojpb eè ao sk~o fka 9! eè ha jovvheb fbpb% Oaab svkssb jbfb h i~oecksh i{~beb hjpkgeovh she foa p~hjb jovvheb ekh p~kpo~ovhyh fkaa‘hjjhekevk scbev~b% Chþ cdk ebe joecþ i{ ha ~hcb~sb of oj{akvh k scbegh{~h pk~sbeoah% Jkfogahk! nhgahkvvh cbe i~osh pb~voib~v{eo! p~kgdhk~k cbe hjjogheh soc~k ch~cbaoyoeb p~kssb bgeh ~kpo~vb fh kev~ojnh gah ksk~chvh% Ha phø ckakn~k! spkchk v~o ak v~{ppk sono{fk! k~o a‘hjjoghek fkaao Cbesbaovo! cdk fbpb a‘osskfhb fhykeek {e yk~b k p~bp~hb pb~voib~v{eo fkh sbafovh! cdk ebe fhsfkgeoyoeb fh pb~vo~k ha nhgahkvvb cbe a‘hjjoghek fkaao jofbeeo s{a coppkaab% H i~oecksh iockyoeb ao~gb {sb fh shjhah oj{akvh co~vockh! fbyk sh v~byoyoeb sc~hvvk i~osh joghcdk! p~kgdhk~k! ksb~vo}hbeh joebsc~hvvk b svojpovk s{ phccbah ~hq{of~h fh co~vo% [e oav~b kakjkevb ekcksso~hb pk~ ao cbkshbek fkh ~kpo~vh kf kakyo~k ab sph~hvb cbjnovvhyb i{ ao fhsv~hn{}hbek fh oacbahch k vonoccb% Ha i{jb k ha vonoccb fo ih{vb k~oeb f{k vhphch cbjpogeh fkaao yhvo fka jhahvo~k= Ha Vonoccb ä i{jovb p~hechpoajkevk he oppbshvk phpk fh vk~~ocbvvo% A‘kspk~hke}o heskgeo cdk ä {eo jogehihco c{~o cbev~b h fhsogh k ak joaovvhk >?% Ao v~{ppo phkjbevksk! k q{kaao spogebao s{aa‘oav~b i~bevk! k~o gkek~oajkevk osvkjho% Ebe cbsá q{kaao i~oecksk k q{kaao vkfksco% H sbafovh fka N~oefkn{~gb fbykyoeb oyk~ nky{vb yheb k ahq{b~h he onnbefoe}o! oa p{evb cdk ha pk~hcbab hjjhekevk fkaao novvogaho k fkh p~bhkvvhah ekjhch pk~ kssh ebe k~o phø voak% Ha Vo~h}}b ~hik~á cdk a‘o~jovo oaakovo jo~chþ yk~sb ha ekjhcb cbe {e‘o~ho sá ahkvo! k iksvbso! cbjk sk oefossk o v~hbeio~k! k ebe o cbjnovvk~k >>% Oecdk ha Sbao~b fkaao Jo~go~hvo! cdk cbjk ha p~kckfkevk ebe i{ vksvhjbek bc{ao~k fkh iovvh he q{oevb sk~yhyo ekaao pho}}oib~vk osskfhovo! sc~hssk cbjk a‘oyyhcheojkevb oyykeek cbe jbavo fkchshbek k cbe ao phø g~oefk oaakg~ho cdk sh pbsso hjjogheo~k >3% Ao gohk}}o k~o gkek~ovo ebe sbab foaa‘onnbefoevk fhsv~hn{}hbek fh ahq{b~h! jo pbvkyo oecdk kssk~k {eo joehiksvo}hbek fka sbaahkyb p~byovb foaao v~{ppo! foa jbjkevb cdk fbpb voevb jo~cho~k iheoajkevk sh hegogghoyo novvogaho% Po~vk fkh ~kpo~vh oaakovh! spkchk q{kaah p~{sshoeh! k~o ib~jovo fo v~{ppk kspk~vk% Jkev~k ha g{svb fkaao novvogaho occ~ksckyo! o i{~ho fh po~vkchpo~k o scbev~h! sbab he hefhyhf{h ossba{vojkevk i{b~h foa cbj{ek! g~oe po~vk fkh ykvk~oeh p~kik~hyo cbj{eq{k novvk~sh s{nhvb! ph{vvbsvb cdk ovvkefk~k oecb~o% Ab svkssb skevhjkevb k~o p~byovb ekaak ihao i~oecksh! fbyk fo ghb~eh ch sh cdhkfkyo fbyk ha P~hechpk K{gkehb oy~knnk cbaphvb% 3% Po~vke}o kf oyyhcheojkevb%
Ao sykgaho eka cojpb oaakovb i{ fovo oaak q{ovv~b fka jovvheb% Pk~ {e ksk~chvb hjpkgeovb he {eo cojpogeo ksvhyo ebe k~o ck~vb {e‘b~o hesbahvo! k ao svksso o~jovo oaakovo oykyo he phø bccoshbeh jo~chovb f{~oevk ak i~kscdk b~k ebvv{~ek% Ebe i{ s{beovo oac{eo osskjnako b of{eovo k! cbjk b~fheovb! ekss{e vojn{~b b v~bjno he q{kaao jovvheovo i{~beb iovvh ~{aao~k b sq{haao~k% A‘hevke}hbek fka P~hechpk K{gkehb k~o fh cbgahk~k fh sb~p~kso ha ekjhcb% ?8
S[^H^KX FK SOHEV ^KJX! Jèjbh~ks f‘O~vhaak~hk! Po~hs ?987! p% >80% Sh iockyo ebvo~k c dk {e sbafovb fbykyo ~kco~k cbe sè oajkeb {eo ahnn~o fh pbayk~k k f{k fh phbjnb! pk~ {e v bvoak fh 60 co~v{cck% P[XSÈG[^! O~v fk ao g{k~~k chv%! p% ?04% >0 M%W% O^CDKEDBAV]! Gkjæafk fk~ p~k{sshscdke O~jkk ybe {ef he fkj shknkemæd~hgke L~hkgk! Bseon~ñl ?876! pp% ?9*?4% >? D%I% IAKJHEG! Fk~ Ybaalbjjkek Vk{vscdk Sbafov ! Akhp}hg ?7>9! p% 3;9% >> VO^H]]B! ^ogg{ogahb Hsvb~hcb chv%! p% 79% >3 SBAO^B FK AO JO^GO^HVO! Mb{~eoa Dhsvb~hq{k f{ Shègk fk ao Yhaak kv fk ao Chvvofkaak fk V{~he ke ?709! oykc ak ~oppb~v biihchka fks bpè~ovhbes fk a‘o~vhaak~hk! V{~he ?434! p% ?33%
Ao sb~p~kso he q{ksvb cosb ebe shgehihcoyo phbjno~k offbssb oa ekjhcb oaa‘hjp~byyhsb! cbjk k~o svovb iovvb o C~kjbeo eka ?70>! jo ~kefk~k heck~vo sheb oaa‘{avhjb ao fh~kvv~hck fka s{b ovvoccb% He pbcdk b~k so~knnk svovb scbpk~vb! jo oy~knnk he voa jbfb fovb pbcdhsshjb b p{evb vkjpb oaa‘oyyk~so~hb fh jhgahb~o~k ak p~bp~hk fhiksk k! sbp~ovv{vvb! oy~knnk f~osvhcojkevk fhjhe{hvb ao pbsshnhahvà pk~ h i~oecksh fh io~ gh{egk~k he vkjpb vk jpb {vhak ~heib~}h eka jheocchovb skvvb~k Sv{~o*Fb~o ^hpo~ho% H sbafovh k~oeb ghà yksvhvh k i{~beb he cbefh}hbek fh jkvvk~sh he jo~cho kev~b ak cheq{k k jk}}b fka jovvheb% H sbafovh fhspbsk~b o vk~~o h ab~b onk~soccdh k v{vvb a‘kq{hpogghojkevb pk~sbeoak cdk so~knnk ~hs{avovb he{vhak he cbjnovvhjkevb% Sh ib~jo~beb cbsá s{a vk~~keb phak fh jovk~hoak cdk so~knnk svovb ~occbavb sbab o cbjnovvhjkevb vk~jheovb% O q{ka p{evb joecoyoeb oecb~o 3%000 jkv~h foaao nosk fh po~vke}o >6% A‘o~jovo oaakovo oyoe}þ s{ v~k cbabeek< ak cbabeek fh ioevk~ho oaak oah! cbe ao coyoaak~ho oa ckev~b% Voak fhspbshvhyb k~o sbp~oyoe}ovb oevk~hb~jkevk fo oajkeb f{k n~hgovk fh coyoaak~ho! oykevh ab scbpb fh kspab~o}hbek k ykab fh p~bvk}hbek >;% A{egb ao sv~ofo Ykeo~ho*Vb~heb ykehyoeb iovvh j{byk~k h v~oheh f‘o~vhgahk~ho! co~~h j{eh}hbek k v{vvh h jovk~hoah ekcksso~h oaa‘o~jovo% Ao ib~}o ib~ }o oaakovo oyoe}þ yk~sb ha ekjhcb pk~ pbh o~~ksvo~sh e{byojkevk o ;00 jkv~h fo ksso! bav~k ha ahjhvk fkaao pb~vovo {vhak fkaak o~vhgahk~hk% K~oeb! he q{ka jbjkevb! ch~co ak 7 k jk}}o fka jovvheb% H i~oecksh cbjp~ksk~b cdk gah oaakovh sh svoyoeb oyyhcheoefb pk~ hegoggho~k novvogaho she foaak ;%30 fka jovvheb% A‘oaao~jk i{ gkek~oak k sh spo~sk pk~ a‘occojpojkevb% Ha p~hjb o ~kefk~sh cbevb fh chþ cdk svoyo oyykekefb i{ ha a{bgbvkekevk gkek~oak Sohev*I~èjbev% Ek fhkfk oyyhsb oaak 9 fka jovvheb oa jo~kschoaab Jo~she! oecdk sk q{ksvb oecb~o ebe sh k~o pk~s{osb fh chþ cdk svoyo oyykekefb! bssho cdk a‘o~jovo oaakovo svoyo pk~ hegoggho~k novvogaho% Pk~ ha jbjkevb ebe i{~beb i{~b eb ~hcdhksvh ~heib~}h% [eo ybavo {~aovb foaak skevhekaak a‘oaao~jk! h vojn{~h novvk~beb a‘of{eovo% Ao sykgaho! hjp~byyhso! fbykvvk c~ko~k {e ebvkybak scbjphgahb eka cojpb ghgahovb% Ebe fh jkeb h cojph k~oeb pkesovh pk~ ioyb~h~k ao ~occbavo k ab scdhk~ojkevb fkaak v~{ppk ha phø ~ophfojkevk k ~o}hbeoajkevk pbsshnhak% H ~kpo~vh i~oecksh k~oeb ykvk~oeh fh cheq{k oeeh fh g{k~~o! onhv{ovh o sb~p~ksk nke phø g~oyh >9% Ebe sh scbjpbsk~b eè sh snoefo~beb! jo novvogahbek fbpb novvogahbek sh oaaheko~beb fhkv~b a‘hjp~byyhsovb v~heck~ojkevb ekaao pbcb {s{oak ib~jo}hbek fh 6 ahekk k ~hjosk~b of ovvkefk~k ha ekjhcb cdk kjk~gkyo he abevoeoe}o cbe ha sb~gk~k fka sbak% Sbahvojkevk ao fhikso fh {e v~heck~ojkevb k~o fhsc{sso v~o h cbjoefoevh ha ghb~eb p~hjo fkaab scbev~b< of bgeh ~kgghjkevb k~o osskgeovo ao fhikso fh {e skvvb~k fkaao aheko ib~vhihcovo% _{ksvb ebe k~o oecb~o oyyke{vb k h yo~h cbjoefh fh skvvb~k i{~beb osskgeovh eka cb~sb fkaao svksso jovvheovo% Yk~b ä cdk ak n~hgovk! he po~vhcbao~k q{kaak fh coyoaak~ho! oykyoeb h ab~b cbjoefh ghà fkihehvh! k chþ oh{vþ ebe pbcb h i~oecksh of hjnosvh~k ao ab~b aheko fh fhikso p~hyo! pk~þ! fh {eo skcbefo aheko fh ioevk~ho% Heihek! yk~sb ak 7 fka jovvheb! k~o b~joh cdho~b o v{vvh! kf he po~vhcbao~k oa Jo~she! cdk ao novvogaho k~o hekyhvonhak% Sbab oaab~o i{~beb heyhovk ak svoiikvvk cbe ao ~hcdhksvo fh ~heib~}h he fh~k}hbek fka cbjoefb fkaa‘Oank~gbvvh s{aao cbaaheo k fka Ao Ik{haaofk oa i~bevk f‘ovvoccb f ‘ovvoccb fkaao Chvvofkaao% B~joh ha ekjhcb k~o sbab o jk}}b cdhabjkv~b foaao nosk fh f h po~vke}o% 6% Ao pk~ck}hbek fka ekjhcb%
Ao p~hjo cbso cdk i{ oyyk~vhvo foh i~oecksh i{ ha ~{jb~k fkaa‘o~jovo he jbyhjkevb% Vojn{~h k v~bjnk ebe k~oeb svovh iovvh s{beo~k! eè so~knnk~b svovh hjphkgovh sheb oa jbjkevb fkaab scbev~b yk~b k p~bp~hb! kpp{~k a‘o~jovo oaakovo i{ fhsvhevojkevk skevhvo ebe oppkeo po~vá% Sh v~ovvoyo p{~ skjp~k fh ch~co 30%000 {bjheh cdk sh k~oeb jkssh he jbyhjkevb% Ha n~{shb fkaak po~bak! ha caoegb~k fh o~jh kf kq{hpogghojkevh jkvoaahch cdk snovvkyoeb b si~kgoyoeb v~o fh ab~b! ab sik~~ogaho~k fkh v~oheh f‘o~vhgahk~ho k fkgah kq{hpoggh fka v~keb! ha coapksvhb fkaak coyoacov{~k p~bf{ckyoeb {e ~{jb~k cdk! he {eo jovvheo f‘ksvovk fkgah heh}h fka TYHHH skcbab! i{ oyyk~vhvb fhsvhevojkevk eka cojpb i~oecksk o q{osh 6 lj fh fhsvoe}o= {e ~{jb~k sb~fb k abevoeb jh sykgahþ! p~kgoh ^oyoeeks f‘heib~jo~sh cbso s{cckfkyo% Kgah vb~eþ pk~ fh~jh cdk a‘o~jovo fka p~hechpk K{gkehb oyoe}oyo he b~fhek fh novvogaho >7% [e kiikvvb sbeb~b cdk! s{ oav~h cojph! i{ po~ogbeovb o q{kaab p~bfbvvb fo {e jo~k abevoeb! ak c{h befk cb}}heb cbev~b {eo cbsvo cb~o}}ovo fh ik~~b >4% [e shjhak ~{jb~k! o~~hccdhvb foa s{beb fkh vojn{~h k fkaak v~bjnk fkaao coyoaak~ho – h i~oecksh ebe oykyoeb oac{eo ekcksshvà fh ebe io~sh skevh~k – sh akyþ oaab~o foa cojpb fh Jofbeeo fh Cojpogeo% Ebe sopphojb sk h sbafovh fka P~hechpk K{gkehb skevh~beb ha n~{shb fka ekjhcb% K‘ p~bnonhak v{vvoyho cdk kssb sho svovb cbpk~vb foaak fkvbeo}hbeh p~bfbvvk fkaa‘o~vhgahk~ho f‘osskfhb i~oecksk% P~bp~hb q{kaao jovvheo! fbpb {eo sbspkeshbek ebvv{~eo ekcksso~ho pk~ ao ~hb~goeh}}o}hbek k ha ~ksvo{~b fkaak novvk~hk fo n~kccho! k~o ~hp~ksb ha vh~b cbev~b ha yk~vhck fkaao Jk}}oa{eo fka Sbccb~sb! ao ioccho fksv~o fka Nosvhbek fka Nkovb Ojkfkb k ao ioccho shehsv~o fka Nosvhbek fh So e Jo{~h}hb% [eo sbvvhak aheko sc{~o i{ ao p~hjo pk~ck}hbek cdk h sbafovh oaakovh knnk~b fkaak ib~jo}hbeh ekjhcdk% Oyoe}oefb he phoe{~o ebe pbvk~beb scb~gk~k ha ekjhcb sk ebe of {eo fhsvoe}o ~kaovhyojkevk yhcheo! sknnkek oecb~o oa shc{~b foaao >6
pb~vovo kiikvvhyo fkaak o~jh fkaa‘kpbco% Sbab s{pk~ovb ha yhaaogghb fh Oavkssoeb sh hecbjhechþ heiovvh o ykfk~k q{oacbso% Ha sbak k~o ghà ph{vvbsvb oavb! oecdk sk sb~gkyo p~bp~hb he ioccho oaa‘o~jovo cdk oyoe}oyo% Cbe fhiihcbavà f{eq{k sh pbvkyo scb~gk~k h nossh k pbcb ~kgbao~h p~bihah fka v~heck~ojkevb! jkev~k ossoh phø hjpbekevk k~o ao josso fh {bjheh% Cbev~ba{ck h novvogahbeh i~oecksh k~oeb sc{~k jossk oaa{egovk foaak q{oah sh akyoyoeb o fhsvoe}o ~kgbao~h ak ab~b noefhk~k% S{aao fksv~o ha ib~vk ~hfbvvb fka Cosvkaab fh A{ckevb! jkev~k oyoe}ovo ~hspkvvb oa ckev~b fkaao aheko ah eko yh k~o ao coscheo O~eo{fh ao Ghbho >8% Oecb~o phø o fksv~o sh akyoyoeb ak fkesk cbabeek fh i{jb fkaak novvk~hk fo n~kccho i~oecksh! skgeb cdk ao Chvvofkaao k~o he q{ka jbjkevb sbvvb nbjno~fojkevb% S{aa‘oav~b aovb fka i~bevk ao aheko fkaao o~jovo oaakovo p~kefkyo skjp~k phø ib~jo% P~hjo {eo sbvvhak sv~hscho hefkihehvo cdk oyoe}oyo fo bcchfkevk! q{hefh sh hecbjhecho~beb o fhsvheg{k~k gah {bjheh! ak noefhk~k! ak a{ckevh coeek fkh i{chah cdk ~hiakvvkyoeb h ~oggh fka sbak jovv{vheb% Ha skvvhjb ghb~eb fh skvvkjn~k oaak bvvb fka jovvheb! a‘o~jovo ekjhco oppo~yk ekaao phoeo jo~choefb s{ v~k cbabeek! ha P% K{gkehb cbef{ckyo q{kaao fh fksv~o cbjpbsvo fo ioevk~ho! k fo q{oacdk ^kgghjkevb fh F~ogbeh a{egb ha ih{jk Fb~o cdk ä {e a{bgb foa vk~~keb ~bvvb k phkeb fh gbak% Ha S% F{co fh Soybho oaao vksvo fh q{kaao fh shehsv~o cbsvkgghoyo ao Sv{~o jkvvkefb foyoevh o a{h e{jk~bsk cbjpogehk fh G~oeovhk~h= ao cbabeeo fh ckev~b k~o v{vvo fh coyoaak~ho cbe oh ihoecdh q{oacdk pk}}b fh coeebek% _{ksvo fhspbsh}hbek skjn~k~à e{byo! k ao ebsv~o ossoh sv~ob~fhe o~ho! ebe oykefb cdk oa phø bvvb jhao {bjheh cbev~b h v~kevojhao cdk ch ovvocco~beb 30% H ~kpo~vh fkaao coyoaak~ho oyoe}ovo vb~eo~beb ekaak ab~b pbsh}hbeh! jkev~k o ioevk~ho sbp~oyoe}oyo% H 9 novvogahbeh fh g~oeovhk~h sh k~oeb sphevh v~bppb he oyoevh! o ch~co 600 jkv~h foa ekjhcb! kf kev~o~beb eka ~ogghb f‘o}hbek fh > pk}}h fh cojpogeo i~oecksh – p~bnonhajkevk fo 6 ahnn~k * cbaabcovh ekh v~heck~ojkevh% Jkev~k h g~oeovhk~h sh ~hvh~oyoeb po~}hoajkevk gh{esk ha po~cb f‘o~vhgahk~ho< h ?; pk}}h i{~beb jkssh he novvk~ho s{aao shehsv~o fkaao sv~ofo cdk fo Ykeo~ho oefoyo he fh~k}hbek fh Jofbeeo fh Cojpogeo! o ch~co 670 jkv~h foh v~heck~ojkevh fkaao fksv~o i~oecksk! kf kiikvv{o~beb v~k soayk gkek~oah cbev~b h v~heck~ojkevh% K~o q{ksvb ha skgeoak cbeyke{vb v~o ha P~hechpk K{gkehb k ha gbyk~eovb~k fkaao pho}}oib~vk Fo{e pk~ ha skgeoak fkaao novvogaho% Po~vk fkaao g{o~ehghbek {scá fo Pb~vo Poao}}b k sh p~kpo~þ oaao sb~vhvo ebe oppkeo ck ek ibssk svovo a‘bccoshbek% Ebe gah ~hjoekyoeb cdk 600 g~oeovhk~h! ?%>00 ioevh $h ~ksvh fh ?> novvogahbeh(! ;00 coyoahk~h k 9 coeebeh< ebe pbvkyo cb~~k~k ha ~hscdhb fh gkvvo~ah oaab sno~ogahb! jo so~knnk hevk~ykevb ebe oppkeo ha ekjhcb ibssk he fhiihcbavà% Oaak 4%30 fka jovvheb i{~beb cbsá vh~ovh h p~hjh cbaph f‘o~vhgahk~ho% Ao novvogaho k~o heh}hovo% ;% Ao novvogaho fkaa‘o~vhgahk~ho%
Fbpb ak p~hjk v~k soayk ~kgbao~h h ?; coeebeh oaakovh heh}ho~beb o nbjno~fo~k ak ahekk i~oecksh% Sh v~byoyoeb v{vvh s{aa‘oao shehsv~o! pk~ ojjb~nhfh~k ha phø pbsshnhak ao fksv~o ekjhco! fbyk sh hevkefkyo sibefo~k% Cbev~b fh ab~b ~hspbsk a‘o~vhgahk~ho i~oecksk% Jo ebe sh v~ovvoyo fh {e f{kaab fh o~vhgahk~ho% Oecdk sk gah o~vhgahk~h ykfkyoeb he q{ksvb vhpb fh cbjnovvhjkevb ao phø oavo fhjbsv~o}hbek fkaao ab~b onhahvà! o Vb~heb yh k~oeb oav~k p~hb~hvà% Fo {eo po~vk k foaa‘oav~o sh hevkefkyo fhsb~goeh}}o~k ha ekjhcb% Gah o~vhgahk~h i~oecksh fhspbekyoeb fh 38 pk}}h! 3; coeebeh fo cojpogeo fo 6 ahnn~k k 6 fo 4 ahnn~k! pbsvh ekgah hevk~yoaah aoschovh foh novvogahbeh k! p~hechpoajkevk! s{h skh ~kfoe k oa Cosvkaab fh A{ckevb% Ck~co~beb s{nhvb fh cbaph~k ao ioevk~ho oyyk~so~ho! cdk sh svoyo ojjossoefb s{ v{vvo ao aheko fka i~bevk! k fhsv{~no~k ha phø pbsshnhak ak joeby~k fkh ~kpo~vh oaakovh cdk yho yho sh svoyoeb oaahekoefb pk~ a‘ovvoccb% Gah hjpk~hoah! foa coevb ab~b! sh oiioeeoyoeb hevb~eb oh pk}}h oaab scbpb fh sphoeo~k ao sv~ofo oaak ioevk~hk p~{sshoek cdk fbykyoeb ovvocco~k a‘oao fksv~o% Pk~ q{ksvb scbpb h cbevkefkevh {vhah}}o~beb j{eh}hbek o poaao phkeo% Ak pksoevh sik~k fh gdhso ~opp~kskevoyoeb ao j{eh}hbek phø yk~sovhak he joeb ogah o~vhgahk~h% Sheb oaa‘hev~bf{}hbek fkh coeebeh o coeeo ~hgovo! ha 70"40+ fkh p~bhkvvhah v~ospb~vovh s{a cojpb fh novvogaho k~o fh q{ksvb vhpb% K‘ cdho~b cdk sh iockyo g~oefk oiihfojkevb s{ q{ksvo b~fheoe}o! ph{vvbsvb cdk s{ oav~h vhph fh p~bhkvvhak% Ha jovk~hoak hjpk~hoak vh~oyo poaak ph{vvbsvb ‑pksoevh‚! fo 9 ahnn~k! ha c{h pksb k~o fh 3!364 lg! jkev~k ha coeebek fo 6 ahnn~k i~oecksk spo~oyo poaak fo ?!8;9 lg 3?% Ab scbpb fh q{ksvk sik~k k~oeb f{k= ~bjpk~k j{~h fh ib~vhihco}hbek he bpk~o}hbeh f‘osskfhb! k! phø skjpahckjkevk! fhsv~{ggk~k {bjheh! oehjoah k jovk~hoah% He q{ksv‘{avhjb ~{bab oecdk ak b~fheoe}k phø akggk~k oykyoeb {e kiikvvb fkyosvoevk cbev~b q{oa{eq{k vhpb fh bsvocbab! oehjovb b jkeb! ibssk ekaao ab~b v~ohkvvb~ho k ~ogghb f‘o}hbek% K~oeb he g~ofb fh co{so~k e{jk~bsk pk~fhvk oecdk cbe {e sbab cbapb! oa p~hjb hjpovvb k f{~oevk h skg{kevh ~hjnoa}h fkaao poaao! k ebe pbvkyoeb cbeshfk~o~sh heebc{k sheb o q{oefb ebe sh ibssk~b fkihehvhyojkevk ik~jovk% Pbvkyoeb foeekggho~k h~~hjkfhonhajkevk oecdk a‘oii{svb f‘o~vhgahk~ho phø ~bn{svb! k cbsá {e co~~b fo v~ospb~vb! ebecdè spocco~k he f{k {e {bjb b {e coyoaab% Yh sbeb jkjb~hk fh nke 60 sbafovh {cchsh fo {eo shegbao poaao o ;00! 900 jkv~h foaao novvk~ho cdk a‘oykyo spo~ovo! v{vvh fhspbsvh he aheko oa jbjkevb fka i{bcb% Ak cdh{sk ib~jo}hbeh fh ioevk~ho! ekcksso~hk pk~ ojpahihco~k oa josshjb ao pbvke}o fh i{bcb fkh i{chah of oyoeco~hco o phkv~o ibcoho! ~kefkyo gah {bjheh y{aek~onhah oh p~bhkvvhah sik~hch! k ak joeby~k fh kyoshbek yh~v{oajkevk >8
Voak coscheoak k~o svovb ib~vhihcovb foh i~oecksh% Cbe A{ckevb ib~joyo ha fhspbshvhyb i~oecksk fh ch~cbeyoaao}hbek! foa jbjkevb cdk eka skvvb~k Fb~o ^hpo~ho*Sv{~o ebe k~o svovo c bsv~{hvo oac{eo aheko fh v~heck~ojkevb% Cbe ao cbsv~{}hbek fkaao e{byo aheko! s{aa‘ossk A{ckevb*Coscheo Noanhoeb*Sv{~o! ao coscheo Ao Ghbho sh ykehyo o v~byo~k he {eo pbsh}hbek v~bppb ksvk~eo! k pk~voevb i{ onnoefbeovo p~bnonhajkevk p~bnonhajkevk she foa ghb~eb 9 skvvkjn~k% 30 Jkjbh~ks fk ao fk~ehk~k G{k~~k f‘Hvoahk chv%! pp% ??6% 3? Ao ahnn~o o{sv~hoco! pi{ef ! pksoyo 0!;;4 lg% H pk}}h o{sv~hoch fo cojpogeo he q{ksvo bccoshbek vh~oyoeb poaak phø pksoevk% Ebe sbab k~oeb pk}}h fo 9 an! jo ao ahnn~o i~oecksk ik~joyo ak aoeckvvk fkaao nhaoecho o sbak 0!648 lg% O po~hvà ebjheoak fh pksb! h p~bhkvvhah hjpk~hoah ~hjoekyoeb phø pksoevh% Ao ahnn~o phkjbevksk k~o phø akggk~o! cb~~hspbefkevk o 0!394 lg%
hjpbsshnhah% He jkfho bgeh cbapb! vh~ovb oaao gh{svo fhsvoe}o k cbe ha cb~~kvvb oegbab fh kakyo}hbek! pbvkyo {cchfk~k s{a cbapb v~k b q{ovv~b {bjheh! k j{vhao~ek b ik~h~ek g~oykjkevk oav~h q{ovv~b b cheq{k! pk~ {e vbvoak fh ch~co bvvb {bjheh jkssh i{b~h cbjnovvhjkevb% Ebefhjkeb a‘o~vhgahk~ho cojpoak! sho i~oecksk cdk oaakovo! ~hs{avþ ossoh jkeb kiihcock fh q{oevb ch sh pbvkssk ospkvvo~k% Ak pk~fhvk i{~beb v~osc{~onhah fo ojnb ak po~vh p~hechpoajkevk pk~cdè h pk}}h bpk~oyoeb oa ahjhvk fkaak ab~b copochvà% H coeebeh fh jogghb~ coahn~b! of kskjphb q{kaah fo >6 ahnn~k! pbvkyoeb scogaho~k {e p~bhkvvhak oecdk bav~k h 900 jkv~h! jo h pk}}h fo 6 k 9 ahnn~k fo cojpogeo ebe oykyoeb kiihcocho bav~k h ;00 jkv~h% H cbaph o~~hyoyoeb akevh! jbavh ~bvbaoefb! bpp{~k oa ahjhvk fkaao sphevo fkaao co~hco fh aoechb% Chþ ebebsvoevk ch i{~beb pk~fhvk! p~hechpoajkevk v~o h novvogahbeh fh ioevk~ho fkaao p~hjo aheko! jo ossoh jkeb g~oyh fh q{oevb sho akchvb s{ppb~~k fbpb bav~k f{k b~k k jk}}o fh hehevk~~bvvo coeebeofk % H novvogahbeh i~oecksh sbii~h~beb oecb~o jkeb pk~fhvk fkgah oaakovh% Pk~ q{oevb hecbjpakvb k ebe he g~ofb fh cbp~h~k ao ihg{~o hevk~o fh {bjb! ha ~hpb~vb fh vk~~o fka v~heck~ojkevb i{ he g~ofb fh hevk~ckvvo~k ao jogghb~ po~vk fkh cbaph f‘o~vhgahk~ho% H ~kpo~vh i~oecksh kf oaakovh {sch~beb q{osh fka v{vvb hefkeeh foa nbjno~fojkevb! cbeyhevh he c{b~ ab~b! cbjk jbavh sbafovh fkaao p~hjo jkvà fka TYHHH skcbab! cdk ha vh~b fka coeebek ebe c~ko g~oyh foeeh he g{k~~o! k yh ä {e p~byk~nhb v~o h ebsv~h {bjheh cdk v{ fknno kssk~k po~vhcbao~jkevk sib~v{eovb pk~ kssk~k {cchsb fo {eo coeebeovo he cbjnovvhjkevb 3>% 9% A‘oyoe}ovo%
Eka i~ovvkjpb a‘o~jovo oaakovo sh ~hfhsphkgoyo pk~ a‘ovvoccb% K~o {eo jhs{~o ekcksso~ho! foa jbjkevb cdk ao aheg{o ah eg{o fh vk~~o v~o Sv{~o k Fb~o ^hpo~ho sh ~ksv~hegkyo oaa‘oavk}}o fh Oavkssoeb! possoefb fo {eo ao~gdk}}o fh bav~k 3%700 jkv~h oh >%3;0 jkv~h fka v~heck~ojkevb i~oecksk% H ~kpo~vh! ghà v~o fh ab~b s{ffhyhsh skcbefb a‘b~fhek fh novvogaho svhaovb ha ghb~eb p~kckfkevk k hesk~hvh he {eo nke fkihehvo covkeo fh cbjoefb! heh}ho~beb o fhspb~sh he ib~jo}hbek fh cbjnovvhjkevb k sh scdhk~o~beb s{ f{k ihak fh q{ovv~b n~hgovk chosc{eo! oppbgghoefb ao shehsv~o oaao Sv{~o k ao fksv~o oaao Fb~o ^hpo~ho% Yo fo sè cdk a‘oaahekojkevb fkaao ioevk~ho! nosovb s{ q{ovv~b cbabeek fh f{k n~hgovk chosc{eo! fbykvvk kssk~k cb~~kvvb k ~hsv~kvvb% He po~vhcbao~k i{~beb ojjossovk ha phø pbsshnhak ak n~hgovk s{aao shehsv~o! he jbfb fo~k oaa‘oao fksv~o ao pbsshnhahvà fh fhsvkefk~sh pk~ a‘ovvoccb% A‘{ehcb jbfb pk~ pk~jkvvk~k oaak n~hgovk fkaa‘oao shehsv~o fh hjpkgeo~k ha ekjhcb k~o q{kaab fh scogahbeo~k ak ib~}k k io~ oyoe}o~k ak n~hgovk a‘{eo fbpb a‘oav~o< p~hjo h novvogahbeh fh ib~jo}hbek fkh g~oeovhk~h! q{hefh h p~{sshoeh fh Svhaake kf heihek gah hjpk~hoah fkaao N~hgovo ]{jm{egke 33% Cbe h ; novvogahbeh p~{sshoeh fkaao N~hgovo Svhaake k h 8 fkaao N~hgovo ]{jm{egke! cdk he po~vk o shehsv~o sh sby~oppbekyoeb oh p~{sshoeh! ykehyoeb heyksvhvh gah bav~k 800 jkv~h fkaa‘oao fksv~o i~oecksk ske}o cdk ak n~hgovk hjpk~hoah fbykssk~b phkgo~sh he oyoevh pk~ skg{h~k a‘oefojkevb cbecoyb fka i~bevk i~oecksk% Ak N~hgovk Cbppk k Hsskanocd ~h{schyoeb of heyksvh~k a‘hevk~b i~bevk foa ckev~b i~oecksk sheb oaak ~hyk fkaao Fb~o ^hpo~ho! jo ao ab~b i{e}hbek! oa jbjkevb! k~o s{nb~fheovo oaao ~h{schvo fkaab sibefojkevb fkaak ahekk ekjhcdk s{a aovb fkaao Sv{~o% Ykeek~b svonhahvh h skvvb~h fo ovvocco~k! h vkjph pk~ a‘o}hbek k ihssovh h p{evh fh ~hik~hjkevb ekcksso~h pk~ a‘oyoe}ovo% Oaak spoaak fkaao ioevk~ho ak {efhch n~hgovk fh coyoaak~ho ykeek~b o fhspb~sh s{ f{k ihak! ao p~hjo fh 9 n~hgovk! cbe ;6 sq{of~beh! k ao skcbefo fh ; n~hgovk cbe 6; sq{of~beh% sq {of~beh% Oaak b~k ??! fbpb bav~k f{k b~k fh vh~b f‘o~vhgahk~ho! ha P~hechpk K{gkehb fhkfk ha skgeoak fkaa‘ovvoccb% A‘oyoe}ovo he aheko k~o voevb skjpahck fo {e p{evb fh yhsvo vkb~hcb! q{oevb cbjpahcovb he p~ovhco% Sk~yhyo {e p{evb fh ~hik~hjkevb pk~ a‘oaahekojkevb% [e oank~b! {e cojpoehak b {e {iihchoak o coyoaab! sbahvojkevk {e oh{voevk fh cojpb! sk~yhyoeb oaab scbpb% Fbpb fh cdk bccb~~kyo osskgeo~k {eo spkchihco fh~k}hbek oaak ib~jo}hbeh k oaak {ehvà fkaa‘ksk~chvb% He chosc{eo n~hgovo ykeek skak}hbeovb {e novvogahbek fh ~hik~hjkevb cdk i{e}hbeoyo fo g{hfo pk~ v{vvh gah oav~h% Ha cbjoefoevk fh novvogahbek sh pbekyo o ch~co 3 jkv~h foa ckev~b fkaao p~hjo aheko% Oaak s{k spoaak p~kefkyoeb pbsh}hbek ak noefhk~k fka ~kpo~vb! k h novvogahbek q{hefh oyoe}oyo% H g~{pph noefhk~o fkh novvogahbeh yhcheh iockyoeb ~hik~hjkevb pk~ ha ab~b oaahekojkevb k ao ab~b oyoe}ovo s{a novvogahbek fh ~hik~hjkevb svonhahvb% Ha g~{ppb noefhk~o ä cbeshfk~ovb ao cdhoyk fh ybavo fka novvogahbek% Bgeh sbafovb cdk jo~cho oaao s{o fksv~o! fkyk skevh~k ao p~ksshbek fkaa‘{bjb oaao s{o shehsv~o< bgeh sbafovb cdk jo~cho oaao s{o shehsv~o! fkyk skevh~k ao p~ksshbek fkaa‘{bjb oaao s{o fksv~o 36% Bav~k o skevh~k q{ksvo p~ksshbek s{a p~bp~hb cb~pb yk~sb ha ckev~b fka ~kpo~vb! h sbafovh g{o~foyoeb cbevhe{ojkevk cbe ao cbfo fkaa‘bccdhb ekaao jkfkshjo fh~k}hbek! pk~ cbev~baao~k cbevhe{ojkevk ha ab~b oaahekojkevb% [bjheh k coyoacov{~k nke offksv~ovk syha{ppoyoeb {e hsvhevb pk~ ao ~kgbao~hvà! oa p{evb cdk sh ~hcb~foeb coyoacov{~k cdk sh shsvkjoyoeb ekh ~oegdh ske}o oac{ek ekcksshvà fh cb~~k}hbek fo po~vk fka coyoahk~k 3;% K~o cbjoefovb ha shake}hb ossba{vb ekh ~oegdh! jhs{~o ekcksso~ho pk~cdè gah b~fheh ibssk~b hevksh fo v{vvh! k oaao ioevk~ho i{ b~fheovb fh pb~vo~k a‘o~jo oaao spoaao k ebe p{evovo yk~sb ha ekjhcb% Oyoe}oefb yk~sb ha ekjhcb! ä cbe g~oefk fhiihcbavà cdk gah 3>
K% JO[YHAABE! Dhsvb~hk fk ao fk~ehä~k g{k~~k fk Nbd äjk! Yba% HH! Ojsvk~foj ?7;9! p% ?0?% Pbcb c~kfhnhak! ebecdä a‘{ehco of oiik~jo~k q{ksvb! ä ao ~kao}hbek hjpk~hoak ~hpb~vovo foa Pkakv! fbyk sh oiik~jo cdk sheb o cdk ha coeebekgghojkevb f{~à! gah hjpk~hoah sbii~h~beb g~oefkjkevk% PKAKV! Jkjbh~ks jhahvoh~ks chv%! p% 997% 33 Oecdk ojjkvvkefb {eb scdhk~ojkevb jhehjb fh 80 jkv~h! cbe ~hspkvvhyojkevk ; k 8 novvogahbeh! ak N~hgovk Svhaake k ]{jm{egke oy~knnk~b cbpk~vb {eo aheko fh bav~k {e cdhabjkv~b! jkev~k a‘o~ko fo ovvocco~k k~o ahjhvovo o pbcb phø fh 800 jkv~h% H novvogahbeh o{sv~hoch! cbe {eo ib~}o jkfho fh 690 {bjheh! k~oeb fhspbsvh s{ ; ihak cbe {e i~bevk fh novvogahbek fh ch~co 80 jkv~h% Ao N~hgovo ]{jm{egke pbvkyo f{eq{k cbp~h~k fo sbao cbe h s{bh 8 novvogahbeh bav~k 400 jkv~h% O q{ksvh sh fkybeb oggh{egk~k h ;70 vke{vh foaao N~hgovo Svhaake% I{ ekcksso~hb pk~voevb io~ oyoe}o~k ak n~hgovk scogahbeovk v~o ab~b! hjpkgeoefb ha ekjhcb he vkjph fhiik~kevh fo shehsv~o yk~sb fksv~o! ~hcbsv~{}hbek s{ii~ogovo oecdk foh ~ksbcbevh fkaao novvogaho% 36 G%D% NK^KEDB^SV! Nkv~ocdv{egke ñnk~ fhk L~hkgsl{esv ! Yba% H! Akhp}hg ?784! p >39% 3; C% F[IIX! Vdk Jhahvo~x Ktpk~hkeck he vdk Ogk bi ^kosbes! Cdhcogb ?884! p% >0>%
{iihchoah pbssbeb hjpkfh~k ogah {bjheh $he po~vhcbao~k sbvvb ha i{bcb( fh p~kefk~k ak o~jh! ske}o b~fheh! foaak ab~b spoaak! k spo~o~k of {eo fhsvoe}o f hsvoe}o v~bppb kakyovo% _{oevb ä phø fhiihchak hjpkfh~k ha ab~b i{bcb! q{oefb doeeb ak o~jh o ~jh v~o ak ab~b joeh ghà onnossovk! k ak ab~b fhvo s{h g~haakvvh2 Ebe fhcb cdk sho hjpbsshnhak sknnkek hb ab ~hvkego voak 39% Jhs{~o cdk ykehyo o ~oiib~}o~sh cbe ao ekcksshvà! p~kyhsvo o Vb~heb! fh io~k i{bcb cbev~b ha ekjhcb o fhsvoe}o ~oyyhcheovo! befk op~h~k {e yo~cb eka s{b scdhk~ojkevb% V{vvoyho ao pk~ik}hbek fkaak joeby~k p~kyhsvk ekh v~ovvovh fh vovvhco jhahvo~h s{h cojph fh novvogaho sh ykfkyo ossoh ~o~ojkevk% Jbavh bsvocbah kf hjp~kyhsvh ~kefkyoeb ksv~kjojkevk fhiihchak {eo b~fheovo oyoe}ovo he aheko% N~kyh ~oaakevojkevh he {eo aheko fh coyoahk~h sh v~osjkvvkyo cbe ib~}o oaak ahekk cdk skg{hyoeb! oa p{evb voak cdk a‘{avhjo aheko fbykyo fh iovvb ik~jo~sh 37% Pk~ cbev~b a‘oyoe}ovo fkaao ioevk~ho fbykyo kssk~k {e kykevb ksv~kjojkevk akevb! sk sh ybakyo p~bckfk~k cbe q{oacdk b~fhek 34% Ebefhjkeb ha possb! cofke}ovb foh vojn{~h! k~o iochajkevk pk~sb o co{so fkaak pk~fhvk! bpp{~k pk~ ao p~kske}o fh bsvocbah q{oah phkv~k! n{cdk! b skjpahckjkevk pk~ ao cbeib~jo}hbek fka vk~~keb 38% H jogghb~h g~hfoeb g~hfo eb ‑sk~~o~k/‚= h sbafovh oaab~o cdh{fbeb yk~sb ha ckev~b! cdk g~ofovojkevk cbaaosso sheb o q{oefb sh v~byoeb of {eo p~bibefhvà fh bvvb ihao% Ekss{eb cdk ä svovb he o}hbek p{þ cbei{vo~k q{ksvb ospkvvb 60% H sbafovh sh sphegkyoeb ojjossoefbsh yk~sb ha ckev~b! kf ha possb sh pk~fkyo cbe ksv~kjo iochahvà% _{ksvo k~o ao shv{o}hbek ihshco fkgah {bjheh cdk svoyoeb jo~choefb yk~sb h i~oecksh% S{aao shehsv~o ak f{k cbabeek fh ioevk~ho oaakovo sh oyyhcheo~beb o voa p{evb he jbfb voak fo skjn~o~k {eo sbao% Oh cbjoefoevh i~oecksh a‘o~jovo ekjhco oppo~yk eka phoeb jo~choefb s{ v~k cbabeek 6?% 7% Ioevk~hk oaa‘ovvoccb%
[eo fkaak co~ovvk~hsvhcdk p~hechpoah fkaak novvogahk fka pk~hbfb k~o ao cbeckev~o}hbek fh vkjpb k spo}hb% A‘hevk~o yhckefo ykehyo sbahvojkevk fkchso v~o a‘oano k ha v~ojbevb! k ak ahekk fka i~bevk fkaak o~jovk cbev~oppbsvk k~oeb ojjossovk s{ {e v~ovvb fh vk~~keb kq{hyoakevk oa i~bevk fh f h {e pohb fh jbfk~eh novvogahbeh fh ioevk~ho% H p~hjh o j{byk~sh i{~beb h skh novvogahbeh fh ib~jo}hbek fh G~oeovhk~h! ch~co >%;00 {bjheh! scdhk~ovh s{ f{k ihak fh v~k novvogahbeh chosc{eb k cbjoefovh foa cbabeekaab Foaj{vd 6>% Cbe ao Sv{~o oaao ab~b shehsv~o jo~cho~beb yk~sb h v~heck~ojkevh i~oecksh% Cbe {e i~bevk fh ch~co 300 jkv~h oy~knnk~b ovvoccovb ha i~bevk ekjhcb eka skvvb~k cbjp~ksb v~o ha chgahbek fh Sv{~o k ha skcbefb ~kfoe! pbsh}hbeh vke{vk foaao N~hgovo Ao Jo~hek! ao jhgahb~k v~o q{kaak o fhspbsh}hbek fkh i~oecksh! cbjpbsvo foh 3 novvogahbeh fka ^kgghjkevb Ao Jo~hek fka cbabeekaab Phk~~k ak G{k~cdbhs fk Sohevk*Cbabjnk k foh > novvogahbeh fka ^kgghjkevb O{yk~gek fka cbabeekaab Foyhf f‘Oano% Ao jo~cho fh g~oeovhk~h ebe k~o he aheko ~kvvo% J{bykefb a{egb ao ~hyo fksv~o fkaao Sv{~o oy~knnk~b phkgovb yk~sb fksv~o p~hjo fh o~~hyo~k oh v~heck~ojkevh ekjhch% [e pk~cb~sb fh ;00 jkv~h! 6;0 fkh q{oah sbvvb ha i{bcb ekjhcb% She fo s{nhvb so~knnk~b svovh nk~sogahb fkaa‘o~vhgahk~ho! oajkeb 3 pk}}h! pbh! sbvvb h ?40 jkv~h! oy~knnk~b s{nhvb ha i{bcb fkh i{chah% Sbab o pbcdh jkv~h fh fhsvoe}o oy~knnk~b ~hspbsvb oa i{bcb% Ha vh~b fh i{chak~ho! of {eo fhsvoe}o ~oyyhcheovo! oy~knnk scbjpogheovb h i~oecksh! ioyb~kefb ha s{pk~ojkevb fka ibssovb k fka v~heck~ojkevb svkssb% 7%?% O~vhgahk~ho cbev~b ioevk~ho%
A‘o~vhgahk~ho oaakovo ckssþ ha vh~b k h g~oeovhk~h fh Foaj{vd oyoe}o~beb yk~sb ha ekjhcb! kev~oefb ekaao Lhaa ]bek $}beo fh {cchshbek( fka fhspbshvhyb i~oecksk s{nhvb fbpb fb pb oyk~ s{pk~ovb ao novvk~ho fkh ?; pk}}h% p k}}h% Ao Lhaa ]bek ä {e‘o~ko fka cojpb fh novvogaho nke fkihehvo k ~kaovhyojkevk ahjhvovo! fh c{h a‘kskjphb phø ebvb k jkgahb cbjp~keshnhak ä ib~ehvb foaao ‑vk~~o fh ekss{eb‚ fkaao g{k~~o fh v~hecko% Ao p~bibefhvà fkaao Lhaa ]bek ä fkvk~jheovo foaao pb~vovo kiikvvhyo fkaa‘o~jo hjphkgovo% Ao p~hjo iosk fkaab scbev~b so~knnk oyyke{vb kev~b {e ~kvvoegbab fh vk~~keb ao~gb 300 k p~bibefb he jkfho 6;0 jkv~h% Gah o~vhgahk~h ghgahovh ebe pk~sk~b vkjpb k h coeebeh cdk fhikefkyoeb ha skvvb~k heh}ho~beb o nk~sogaho~k ha ekjhcb% Fkh 38 coeebeh ghgahovh scogahbeovh a{egb a‘hevk~o aheko fkh v~heck~ojkevh! sbab {eo novvk~ho fh 3 pk}}h pbvè kev~o~k he o}hbek cbev~b ao ioevk~ho cdk oyoe}oyo b~o cbev~b fh ab~b 63% Ao ~hfbvvo ghvvovo ebe cbeskevhyo heiovvh o v{vvo a‘o~vhgahk~ho fka i~bevk fh cbeckev~o~k ha i{bcb cbev~b h g~oeovhk~h cdk svoyoeb o~~hyoefb% 39
D% NAOEF! O V~kvhsk bi Jhahvo~x Fhschpahek! Abefbe ?7>7! p% 40% J% JBVVHE FK AO NOAJK! Èaèjkevs fk vocvhq{k pb{~ ao coyoaak~hk! Po~hs ?779! p% 30% 34 M% JO[YHAABE! Gkscdhcdvk Ik~fheoefs Dk~}bg ybe N~o{escdwkhg*Añekn{~g! Yba% HH! Akhp}hg ?786! p% >4?% 38 Cbev~o~hojkevk o q{oevb sh pkeso! a‘onhv{fhek k ao ekcksshvà fh j{byk~k gah {bjheh oa possb skcbefb ha s{beb fh {e vojn{~b ebe ykeek joh jkeb pk~ v{vvb ha TYHH k ha TYHHH skcbab% A‘Kvov f{ ^kghjkev fks Go~fks fk S%O%^% fka ? jogghb ?70? p~kykfkyo cdk h sbafovh so~oeeb oyyk~vhvh fh po~vh~k skjp~k cbe ha phkfk shehsv~b pk~ jo~cho~k! bssk~yoefb fh oyk~k ahnk~và fh gbjhvb% OSVB! Cb~vk! Nhnahbvkco Oevhco! Joebsc~hvvh! D%YH%>4! Kvov f{ ^kghjkev fks Go ~fks fk S%O%^%! ?k~ jox ?70?! p% 63% Fbykefb joeby~o~k cbe ib~jo}hbeh spkssk 6! ; kf offh~hvv{~o 9 ihao ab svkssb occb~ghjkevb k~o joevke{vb oecdk p~kssb gah ksk~chvh hjpk~hoah! p~{sshoeb k q{kaah fkaak F{k Cb~bek% 60 JO[^H]HB FH SOSSBEHO! Jks ~íyk~hks! Yba% H! Ojsvk~foj*Akhp}hg ?7;7! p% 39% 6? JKEGHE! ^kaovhbe f{ Shègk fk V{~he chv%! p% >96% 6> Sh v~ovvoyo fkaak cbjpogehk g~oeovhk~k fh v{vvo a‘o~jovo oaakovo% Ojjkvvkefb {eo ib~}o jkfho pk~ cbjpogeho fh ;0 {bjheh! ao ib~}o cbjpaksshyo fka ‑g~{ppb f‘ossoavb‚ fh g~oeovhk~h k~o fh >%;00% Ha ~kgghjkevb fh ioevk~ho p~{sshoeo fka gkek~oajomb~ I~hkf~hcd A{fwhg Dk~}bg ybe Dbasvkhe*Nkcl! H^% Dbasvkhe*Nkcl ! scdhk~oyo o Vb~heb sbaojkevk h s{bh ?00 g~oeovhk~h! h q{oah ebe ä cdho~b sk oppo~vkekssk~b o f{k b {eo shegbao cbjpogeho% Oaab svkssb jbfb h ~kgghjkevh hjpk~hoah p~kykfkyoeb {eo ib~}o vkb~hco fh k~o akyovo oecdk {eo cbjpogeho fh ?00 g~oeovhk~h pk~ novvogahbek% V{vvoyho ha g~ofb fh abgb~ojkevb fkaak ib~}k oaakovk ikck sá c dk ao bgeh novvogahbek oykssk {eo ib~}o jkfho fh ;0 {bjheh pk~ cbjpogeho% 63 Ao N~hgovo Ao Jo~hek k~o oppbgghovo fo {eo novvk~ho fh 3 pk}}h fo cojpogeo% Ebe ä ~hcb~fovo ao p~kske}o fh oav~o o~vhgahk~ho he oppbgghb o q{ksvb skvvb~k fka i~bevk% 37
Gah o~vhgahk~h ghgahovh cbevhe{o~beb o vh~o~k cbev~b fh ab~b j{eh}hbeh o poaao phkeo {vhah}}ovk sheb of oaab~o% Ao cofke}o fh vh~b ebe i{ pk~þ kcck}hbeoak! foa jbjkevb cdk kssh svoyoeb co~hcoefb k spo~oefb fo b~joh bav~k f{k b~k! k ao iovhco hecbjhechoyo o io~sh skevh~k% Bccb~~kyoeb fh sbahvb v~k soayk p~hjo fh heq{of~o~k ha nk~sogahb 66! jo h p~hjh cbaph gh{evh o skgeb pbvkyoeb oyk~k s{a ekjhcb kiikvvh yo~honhah k! sk nke fh~kvvo! {eo soayo fh o~vhgahk~ho oykyo gah svkssh jb~vhik~h kiikvvh fh {eo sco~hco fh jbscdkvvk~ho o n~kyk fhsvoe}o% Oaa‘heh}hb fka cbjnovvhjkevb h coeebeh k~oeb oecb~o p{ahvh k i~kffh! kf k~oeb sk~yhvh fo coeebehk~h oecb~o eka phkeb fkaak ib~}k! nke fhsvoevh foaa‘biikso cdk pbvkyo kssk~ ab~b ~kcovo foh i{chahk~h oyyk~so~h% _{kaao jovvheo! pk~þ! ha coeebek svoyo iockefb skevh~k ao s{o ybck fo bav~k f{k b~k% Ao q{oahvà k ao cofke}o fh vh~b! cbe ak coeek fh n~be}b b~joh s{~~hscoafovk! spb~cdk fkh ~kshf{h fh pbayk~k ek~o n~{chovo! ebe i{ fkaak jhgahb~h! k h v~k pk}}h fo sbah ebe i{~beb he g~ofb fh nabcco~k nab cco~k a‘oyoe}ovo fkh g~oeovhk~h oaakovh% Chosc{e pk}}b ebe pbvè vh~o~k phø fh 8 cbaph chosc{eb! oecdk ojjkvvkefb cdk h g~oeovhk~h oyoe}ossk~b of {eo ykabchvà fh ch~co 30 jkv~h oa jhe{vb! ph{vvbsvb akevojkevk pk~ joevkek~k cbksb ab scdhk~ojkevb aheko~k% Bav~kv{vvb h i~oecksh hecbjhechoyoeb o sco~skggho~k fh j{eh}hbeh% Gah {bjheh fh Foaj{vd i{~beb nk~sogahovh fo {eo ykevheo fh cbaph f‘o~vhgahk~ho! k chosc{eb fh kssh jhsk i{b~h cbjnovvhjkevb {eb b phø sbafovh% [eo ybavo he jo~cho h p~hjh cbaph i{~beb oyyk~vhvh cbjk {e v{beb abevoeb! kf k~o pbsshnhak ykfk~k h cbaph he o~~hyb! shjhah of {e p{evb ek~b cdk sh j{bykyo ekaa‘o~ho! jkev~k e{ybak fh vk~~o sh sbaakyoeb eka a{bgb he c{h h p~bhkvvhah cofkyoeb cb~vh k e{ybak fh vk~~hcchb k~oeb scogahovk he o~ho% _{hefh {eb sik~~ogaho~k sh akyoyo foaao skayo fh nohbekvvk! k sh pbvkyoeb {fh~k h cbaph sb~fh fkaa‘hjpovvb fkaak poaak fh gdhso s{h s {h cb~ph fh {bjheh k coyoaah% Ha vh~b o poaao f{~þ ch~co {eo fkcheo fh jhe{vh% Ak ib~jo}hbeh fh vksvo k~oeb b~joh gh{evk o ?40 jkv~h fh fhsvoe}o! k cbev~b fh ab~b sh heh}hþ of hjphkgo~k j{eh}hbek o g~oppbab 6;% Bgeh coeebek vovvhcojkevk fhykehyo a‘kq{hyoakevk fh {eo ghgoevksco jhv~ogahov~hck% Ao j{eh}hbek o g~oppbab oykyo pk~þ fkh ahjhvh% Ao ~bso fkaao jhv~ogaho joevkekyo {e fhojkv~b fh ch~co >4 jkv~h pk~ {eo ghvvovo fh ch~co {e‘bvvoevheo fh jkv~h! fbpb fh cdk h p~bhkvvhah spo~ovh sh fhspk~fkyoeb< po~vk fkh cbaph oiibefoyoeb eka vk~~keb! oav~h ihehyoeb oavh% Fh shc{~b! sknnkek akvoak o cb~vb ~ogghb! ebe sh v~ovvoyo fh {eo j{eh}hbek p~kchso% 7%>% Ioevk~ho cbev~b Ioevk~ho%
Sbvvb h ?;0 jkv~h! he oggh{evo oa i{bcb fkaa‘o~vhgahk~ho! oecdk ao ioevk~ho ghgahovo heh}hþ ha p~bp~hb vh~b% O Vb~heb ab scbev~b v~o ak cbev~oppbsvk ioevk~hk i{ ksca{shyojkevk {e cbjnovvhjkevb o i{bcb% Sh p~ba{egþ cbe oavk~ek yhckefk kev~b {e ~ogghb f‘o}hbek v~o h ?;0 k h 9 jkv~h! sheb o q{oefb {eo fkaak f{k po~vh! gah oaakovh p~hjo! h i~oecksh pbh! pk~sk~b cbkshbek k sh ~hvh~o~beb% H i~oecksh op~h~beb ha i{bcb of {eo fhsvoe}o yk~ojkevk v~bppb g~oefk pk~ ak o~jh cdk pbsskfkyoeb! yoak o fh~k i{chah of oyoeco~hco o coeeo ahscho cbe heekscb o phkv~o ibcoho% O ?;0 jkv~h sbab ha ?;+ fkh cbaph spo~ovh i{ he g~ofb fh cbaph~k q{oacbso b q{oac{eb! spkssb ebe jb~voajkevk% Joe joeb cdk ao fhsvoe}o fkc~ksckyo ao q{oevhvà fkh cbaph oefovh o skgeb! k fkaak pk~fhvk heiahvvk! o{jkevoyo% H novvogahbeh i~oecksh cdk fhiksk~b ao aheko fh ch~cbeyoaao}hbek kiikvv{o~beb f{k vhph fh i{bcb< pk~ ~oegdh k cbe i{bcb fh po~opkvvb% Fbyk ao aheko ib~vhihcovo k~o oecb~o hecbjpakvo h ~kpo~vh ghgahovh i{~beb cbsv~kvvh o cbjpb~vo~sh vovvhcojkevk cbjk sk h v~heck~ojkevh ebe kshsvkssk~b oiiovvb% H p~hjh v~k ~oegdh sh heghebccdhoyoeb! ha q{o~vb ~oegb ~hjoekyo he phkfh k sco~hcoyo a‘o~jo% Ha vk~}b ~oegb oaab~o sh oa}oyo! iockyo i{bcb! k cbsá yho sheb oa p~hjb ~oegb% [eo ybavo cbeca{so ao skq{ke}o fh vh~b sh ~hco~hcoyo a‘o~jo k sh ~hcbjhechoyo% Fbyk ak bpk~k cojpoah k~oeb svovk cbjpakvovk! he po~vhcbao~k hevb~eb oa Cosvkaab fh A{ckevb! i{ pbsshnhak kiikvv{o~k ha i{bcb fh po~opkvvb% Skjp~k pk~ ~oegdh! ao p~hjo ihao kiikvv{oyo ha s{b vh~b! si~{vvoefb ao p~bvk}hbek fkh v~heck~ojkevh sihaoyo ekaak ~kv~byhk pk~ ~hco~hco~k k pk~jkvvkyo oa skcbefb ~oegb fh p~kefk~k pbsh}hbek fhkv~b ha po~opkvvb! p{evo~k k sco~hco~k a‘o~jo% Ha shegbab sbafovb ebe p{evoyo cbev~b {e ekjhcb he po~vhcbao~k! jo cbev~b ao ‑josso‚ fh ekjhch% _{ksvb ospkvvb k~o sbvvbahekovb fogah b~fheh fh p{evojkevb! ke mb{k $akvvk~oajkevk onnosso~k a‘o~jo( ph{vvbsvb fh yhsk~ $jh~o~k(% Joe joeb cdk ao fhsvoe}o fhjhe{hyo cojnhoyoeb oecdk h p{evh fh ~hik~hjkevb pk~ h sbafovh s{ fbyk p{evo~k a‘o~jo ~hspkvvb oaao aheko fh ioevk~ho cdk oyoe}oyo% Oykefb cbjk p~hechphb a‘hfko fh cbaph~k ha vb~sb fka sbafovb ekjhcb oaao fhsvoe}o fh ?;0 jkv~h sh jh~oyo {eo cheq{oevheo fh ckevhjkv~h sbp~o ak vksvk fkh ekjhch% O ??; jkv~h sh jh~oyo oaao vksvo< v~o h 80 k h 90 jkv~h oa vb~ock! k sbvvb h ;0 jkv~h oaak ghebccdho% H sbafovh i~oecksh nke p~ksvb knnk~b {e‘hfko ph{vvbsvb cbei{so fh chþ cdk svoyo occofkefb% Ha i{jb ~ksk p~ksvb ao yhs{oak fka cojpb fh novvogaho ph{vvbsvb ahjhvovo% Bav~k >%000 i{chah k 3 pk}}h f‘o~vhgahk~ho! scdhk~ovh s{ pbcb phø fh ;00 jkv~h! svoyoeb iockefb i{bcb cbev~b ha ekjhcb he oyyhcheojkevb k {eo pksoevk cbav~k fh i{jb! shjhak of {eo spksso eknnho! heh}hþ of oyybagk~k h novvogahbeh hjpkgeovh eka vh~b% Ak o~jh hefhyhf{oah fkh ioevh! co~hcovk cbe pbayk~k ek~o! kjkvvkyoeb e{ybak fh i{jb fkesb! nhoecb*g~hghosv~b! cdk svogeoyo nossb k cdk sbab {e ykevb jbavb ib~vk pbvkyo fhspk~fk~k% _{ksvo eknnho o~vhihchoak ~opp~kskevoyo {e bsvocbab cbec~kvb pk~ ao yhshnhahvà s{a cojpb fh novvogaho! k ha sbafovb hjpkgeovb ekaab scbev~b ebe so~knnk ~h{schvb o scb~gk~k cbe kiihcocho bav~k h ;0 jkv~h foyoevh o sè% 66
K% FK SXAYO VO^BHCCO! Pkesèks s{~ ao Vocvhq{k kv ao Sv~ovèghq{k b{ y~oh p~hechpks fk ao schkeck jhahvoh~k! Vb~heb ?774! pp% 99*97% Ha j{eh}hbeojkevb o jhv~ogaho k~o heykck fovb fo {eo ck~vo q{oevhvà fh poaakvvk fh ik~~b shsvkjovk o sv~ovh hevb~eb of {eo osvo ahgeko ihssovo of {e voccb chahef~hcb% H p~bhkvvhah k~oeb shsvkjovh o sv~ovh! ch~co {eo fkcheo! k oyybavh he {eo ~kvk fh spogb% Oa jbjkevb fkaab spo~b a‘oavo vkjpk~ov{~o k ak sbaakchvo}hbeh f{~oevk ha pk~cb~sb ekaao nbcco fo i{bcb fkvk~jheoyoeb ao fhssba{}hbek fkaa‘heyba{c~b fkaa‘heyba{c~b fh spogb k ao ahnk~o}hbek fkaak sik~k fh jkvoaab! ak q{oah! {eo ybavo ksp{ask foaa‘o~jo! ib~joyoeb {e‘ojpho ~bsovo% NSOOV! Sk}hbek ?6! e° 688! YK 3! Fhsskgeh f‘bgeh sb~vo fk Coeebeh kv Jb~vo~h cbe v{vvk ak pk}}k! sv~bjkevh kf {vhgah oppo~vkekevh oaa‘O~vhgahk~ho cbjk oecb ak phoevk! oa}ovk kv p~bihah fh v{vvk ak jocdhek! kfhih}x! kv b~fkgeh ekcksso~h oaao jkfkjo! a‘oeeb ?73>! voy% >3*>6< SOHEV ^KJX! Jkjbh~ks f‘O~vhaak~hk chv%! pp% ?0;*?09% 6;
O{jkevoyo ha i{jb kf o{jkevoyoeb! pk~ h g~oeovhk~h! ak pk~fhvk% Ao fhsvoe}o fhjhe{hyo k a‘kiihcocho fka vh~b fh i{chak~ho hecbjhechoyo o io~sh skevh~k% Ak p~hjk pk~fhvk i{~beb s{nhvk s{h 80 jkv~h! o{jkevo~beb skeshnhajkevk o 6; jkv~h! jo pk~ ha jbjkevb h g~oeovhk~h ebe ~hspbsk~b oa i{bcb k oyoe}o~beb oecb~o% P~bnonhajkevk Foajb{vd hevkefkyo gh{egk~k o cbevovvb k op~h~k {e yo~cb ekaao aheko oyyk~so~ho o cbaph fh nohbekvvo% Oeeh fbpb! jkjb~k fkaa‘kspk~hke}o fkaao G{k~~o fh S{ccksshbek Spogebao! ha jo~kschoaab fh I~oecho P{xsèg{~ cbjjkevoyo o p~bpbshvb fkaa‘kiihcocho fkgah ossoavh oaao nohbekvvo< Ak o~jh fo i{bcb sbeb ha phø fhsv~{vvhyb vhpb fh o~jojkevb% Pk~ kssk~ek cbeyhevh! nosvo oefo~k he {e bspkfoak k sh ykf~à q{oevh pbcdh {bjheh sbeb svovh ik~hvh foa i~kffb occhohb ~hspkvvb oaak o~jh fo i{bcb% Ao jho o~gbjkevo}hbek ebe ä oyoe}ovo cbe akggk~k}}o% K‘ nosovo s{aao cbebscke}o 69% Foaj{vd fbykyo ib~sk kssk~k cbeyhevb fh pbvk~ gh{egk~k offbssb oh i~oecksh cbe ao p~bp~ho ib~jo}hbek onnosvoe}o cbkso k cbe {bjheh foa jb~oak oavhsshjb! pk~ sphegk~sh sheb o fhkch possh $9 jkv~h/( foa v~heck~ojkevb i~oecksk ske}o ~kpahco~k oa i{bcb% Jo o q{ka p{evb ao ~hfbvvo fhsvoe}o ~ksk ha vh~b fh i{chak~ho {eo yk~o k p~bp~ho kskc{}hbek k he pbcdh ovvhjh h s{pk~svhvh sh snoefo~beb k sh ~hvh~o~beb% K‘ c~kfhnhak cdk! fbpb oyk~ s{nhvb e{jk~bsk soayk foa ekjhcb! {e novvogahbek sho he g~ofb fh op~h~k ha i{bcb q{oefb iheoajkevk fkshfk~k~à io~ab2 So~à he g~ofb fh vkek~k {e ossoavb! b oefo~k oaa‘ossoavb o s{o ybavo cbev~b {e ekjhcb i~kscb kf hevovvb2 P{þ q{ksvo cbefbvvo kssk~k hjjogheovo! b aoscho~ao sbab ogah {iihchoah cdk ebe doeeb yhsvb e{aao fkaao g{k~~o2 67 H g~oeovhk~h! sho he g~{ppb cdk shegbao~jkevk! ~hpk~cb~sk~b h ;00 jkv~h cdk ah skpo~oyoeb foaak ab~b ~kv~byhk! schybaoefb s{a ihoecb shehsv~b fkaao N~hgovo Svhaake cdk svoyo j{bykefb he oyoevh pk~ ovvocco~k o s{o ybavo h i~oecksh% Ebe sh ik~jo~beb sk ebe ekaak ~kv~byhk fkaao N~hgovo Dogke! fbyk gah {iihchoah hecbjhecho~beb o ~hib~jo~k ak cbjpogehk k h novvogahbeh 64% Hjjkfhovojkevk fhkv~b oh g~oeovhk~h ao N~hgovo Svhaake k~o oyoe}ovo yk~sb ha p~bp~hb fksvheb% K~oeb cheq{k novvogahbeh fh ioevk~ho p~{sshoeo! kf k~oeb q{oevb fh jkgahb a‘o~jovo oaakovo pbvkssk jkvvk~k he cojpb% H ~kgghjkevh Oedoav Fksso{ $> nvg%( k Jo~lg~oi Cd~hsvhoe $? nvg%( k~oeb ~kf{ch fkaao novvogaho fh Nakedkhj $?> ogbsvb?706(! fkaao cojpogeo fh Abjno~fho fka ?70; k fkaao novvogaho fh Coacheovb fka ?8 op~hak ?709! fbyk ha ^kgghjkevb Jo~lg~oi Oan~kcdv $>° nvg%( oykyo ~hcky{vb ha s{b novvkshjb fka i{bcb s{a i~bevk hvoahoeb% Ha ^kgghjkevb P~he} Pdhahpp $? nvg%( oykyo cbjnovv{vb oaao skcbefo g~oefk novvogaho fh Nakedkhj eka ?706 k o Cossoeb eka ?70;% Ah g{hfoyo he novvogaho ha p~hechpk Akbpbafb fh Oedoav Fksso{ he pk~sbeo% Ovv~oyk~so~beb ha cojpb fh novvogaho! cbspo~sb fkh ~kahvvh fkaa‘ovvoccb p~kckfkevk kf oefovb o y{bvb! yoak o fh~k o~jh! spo~sk q{à k aà! k cb~ph! b po~vh fh cb~pb! cdk ghockyoeb o vk~~o% Foa i~bevk gh{egkyoeb ab~b hjp~byyhsh sc~bsch fh i{chak~ho! ykevovk fh i{jb! g~hfo hefkchi~onhah% Oaa‘hevk~eb fkh novvogahbeh s{nhvoekh jbyhjkevh sphegkyoeb k gkvvoyoeb gah {bjheh a‘{e cbev~b a‘oav~b cbjk eka ihvvb fh {eo coaco% Ebe oppkeo h g~oeovhk~h onnoefbeo~beb ao aheko fka i~bevk! ha i{bcb fkh i~oecksh i{ ~hybavb cbev~b fh ab~b% Ha i{jb k ak ib~vhihco}hbeh cojpoah ~kefkyoeb ha cojpb fh novvogaho y{bvb! k ha ekjhcb q{osh heyhshnhak! oecdk oaak n~kyh fhsvoe}k< ha I{bcb fhykeek gkek~oak a{egb ao Aheko! k~o ossoh hevkesb sho fo po~vk fka Ekjhcb cdk fo q{kaab Hjpk~hoak! k cbevhe{þ cbsá ske}o oac{eo hevk~~{}hbek! pk~ q{oacbso cbjk jk}}‘b~o! f{~oevk ha q{oak ab Spo}hb v~o h Cbjnovvkevh skjn~oyo skpo~ovb fo {eo e{nk fh i{jb k }baib! cdk hjpkfhyo ab~b fh oyoe}o~k a‘{eb cbev~b a‘oav~b 68% Ha ~{jb~k pk~þ! ~kefkyo o v{vvh cdho~b cdk ha cbjnovvhjkevb svoyo ~oggh{egkefb ha s{b ophck% Eka i~osv{beb yh k~oeb s{beh hjp~kyhsvh k cos{oah% Ak poaabvvbak cdk cbaphyoeb ak aojk fkaak spofk p~bf{ckyoeb {eo shegbao~k yhn~o}hbek o~jbehco< q{oacbso fh shjhak k~o b~hgheovb foh p~bhkvvhah cdk {~voyoeb cbev~b ak nohbekvvk heosvovk! cbso cdk oyykehyo fh i~kq{kevk! k ek ~hs{avoyo {e s{beb cdk pbvkyo kssk~k scojnhovb pk~ q{kaab cdk sh p~bf{ck iockefb scb~~k~k {e pk}}b fh akgeb ovv~oyk~sb {eo coeckaaovo% Oa cbev~o~hb fkh g~oeovhk~h! h p~{sshoeh! gh{evh o fhsvoe}o ~oyyhcheovo! oa g~hfb fh Yhcvb~ho/ op~h~beb ha i{bcb kf hegoggho~beb {e sk~~ovb cbjnovvhjkevb o i{bcb cbe h i~oecksh ;0% Eka cbjnovvhjkevb jbfk~eb pbcdh {bjheh ioeeb i{bcb cbe ak p~bp~hk o~jh% Sv{fh s{h cbjnovvhjkevh fkaao Skcbefo G{k~~o Jbefhoak eka Pochihcb k he Eb~joefho doeeb ~hykaovb cdk ha sbafovb ä spkssb {e hefhyhf{b hsbaovb! nabccovb fo {eo hek~}ho po~oah}}oevk! k cdk s{ {eo jkfho fh ckevb {bjheh hjpkgeovh he cbjnovvhjkevb! sbab q{hefhch {bjheh yh doeeb po~vkchpovb ovvhyojkevk cbe ha p~bp~hb o~jojkevb hefhyhf{oak ;?% A‘kspk~hke}o fkaao novvogaho eka TYHHH skcbab k~o cbjpakvojkevk fhiik~kevk% Hesk~hvb he ib~jo}hbeh cdh{sk k cbjpovvk! ha sbafovb yhykyo gah hevkesh jbjkevh fkaab scbev~b 69
P[XSÈG[^! O~v fk ao g{k~~k chv%! p% ?08% ?79?! p% >90% >90% Kssoh s{~ ao vocvhq{k fk a‘heioevk~hk! Yba% H! Ojsvk~foj ?79?! 64 Ha _{hecx k ak Cojpogek fka P~hechpk K{gkehb! ~hik~hscbeb cdk h g~oeovhk~h fka p~hjb ov voccb i{~beb heskg{hvh foh g~oeovhk~h fka J% fk ^b{y~kx! h c{h {bjheh s{pk~o~beb h v~heck~ojkevh k cdk kev~o~beb ekh novvogahbeh ekjhch! ekh q{oah ikck~b {eo g~oefk sv~ogk% He ~koavà ebe sh v~ovvoyo fh g~oeovhk~h! jo fkh co~onhehk~h fkaao ;o N~hgovo Co~onhehk~s cbjoefovh fo I~oeçbhs*Po{a fk Cb{~sk{aaks! jo~q{hs fk ^b{y~ox% A‘kphsbfhb oyykeek eka ckev~b fkaao aheko i~oecksk! cbev~b v~{ppk fkaao N~hgovo Cbppk g{hfovo foa no~bek fh ^kdnhefk~% PKAKV! Jkjbh~ks jhahvoh~ks chv%! p% 99;< Cojpogek fka P~hechpk K{gkehb chv%! p% >34% 68 Vdk Jhahvo~x Dhsvb~x bi vdk aovk P~heck K{gkek bi Soybx! oef bi vdk aovk Mbde F{lk bi Jo~anb~b{gd! heca{fheg o po~vhc{ao~ fksc~hpvhbe bi vdk skyk~oa Novvaks! Shkgks! )c! he wdhcd khvdk~ b~ nbvd vdksk gkek~oa cbjjoefkf! Yba% HH! F{nahe ?737! pp% ?;6*?;;% ;0 Ha g~hfb fh novvogaho k~o pk~ ao v~{ppo {e s{beb pbshvhyb pk~ ha jb~oak% Pk~ {e ovvhjb sbiibcoyo ha ~{jb~k fkaao novvogaho! kf oykyo fkh cdho~h hevkevh hevhjhfovb~h ekh cbei~bevh fka ekjhcb% P~kssb yo~hk eo}hbeh kshsvkyoeb! eka TYHHH skcbab yo~h {~ah fh g{k~~o% Scbebsch{vb he bcchfkevk k~o ha g~hfb cbsoccb D{~~od/! bssho D{ ^om/! cdk shgehihco ‑he po~ofhsb‚! a{bgb fkp{vovb of occbgahk~k h yoab~bsh cof{vh he novvogaho% Voak g~hfb fh g{k~~o i{ fhii{sb he po~vk f{~oevk ao G{k~~o fh S{ccksshbek Pbaocco! pk~ pbh kssk~k cbebsch{vb jogghb~jkevk ekaao G{k~~o fkh Skvvk Oeeh k ekaak G{k~~k Eopbakbehcdk% I{ he q{ksvk {avhjk bccoshbeh ofbvvovb fogah hegaksh k foh vkfkscdh% Ogah heh}h fka TYHHH skcbab ha g~hfb phø {vhah}}ovb foaak eo}hbeh gk~joehcdk k~o opp{evb Yhcvb~ho/! jkev~k gah hjpk~hoah {~aoyoeb oecdk ^ùjhscd ^khcd/ $Hjpk~b ^bjoeb! eka shgehihcovb fh Soc~b ^bjoeb Hjpk~b(% H ~kpo~vh vkfkscdh fh ikfk covvbahco ~bjoeo heybcoyoeb [esk~ I~o{ke/ $Ebsv~o Shgeb~o/(% H i~oecksh {vhah}}oyoeb ha nke ebvb Yhyk ak ^bh/% Bgeh ~kgghjkevb oykyo {e p~bp~hb jbvvb b g~hfb! hjphkgovb he novvogaho% Of kskjphb ha ^kgghjkevb fh ioevk~ho O{yk~gek! p~kskevk o Vb~heb! hjpkgeoyo cbjnovvhjkevb {~aoefb Ke oyoev! O{yk~gek! soes pk{~/ Pk~ gah spogebah yoakyo skjp~k a‘oevhcb Kspoeo/ Soe Hogb/ A‘ksk~chvb sono{fb she foa jkfhbkyb op~hyo novvogaho oa g~hfb fh g{k~~o Soybxk/ Nbeeks Eb{ykaaks/ Sohev*Jo{~hck/ B% FK WOVVKYHAAK! Ak C~h fk G{k~~k cdk} aks fhiik~è~kevs Pk{paks! Po~hs ?448% ;? S%A% JO^SDOAA! Jke ogohesv ih~k! Ekw Xb~l ?867% 67
fkshfk~bsb fh sco~hco~k ao p~bp~ho o~jo ha p~hjo pbsshnhak o q{oashosh cbsvb! cbjk {eo sb~vo fh ahnk~o}hbek foaa‘ksk~ch}hb fka co~hcojkevb k fka i~ogb~k fkgah spo~h yhcheh% Pbcb hevk~kssoyo fbyk ha cbapb k~o fh~kvvb! eè! voevb jkeb! ak vovvhcdk fka pk~hbfb ~hcdhkfkyoeb q{oahvà eka vh~b% Fbpb ao p~hjo sk~hk fh sco~hcdk gah {bjheh hecbjhechoyoeb o snogaho~k ak eb~joah p~bckf{~k fh co~hcojkevb% Ao noccdkvvo fka i{chak ykehyo iovvo scb~~k~k fkev~b k i{b~h ao coeeo! ske}o oac{e vkevovhyb fh sphegk~k pbayk~k! poaao k nb~~o sheb s{a ibefb! k spkssb ao noccdkvvo svksso ebe k~o oiiovvb hjphkgovo! foa jbjkevb cdk h sbafovh p~kik~hyoeb ykabch}}o~k ha co~hcojkevb snovvkefb a‘o~jo yk~vhcoajkevk oa s{bab cbe ha coachb pk~ io~ sckefk~k ao co~hco ghø a{egb a‘oehjo fkaao coeeo% _{oevh cbaph o i{bcb occkak~ovb pkesovk sho he g~ofb fh vh~o~k \ha sbafovbZ q{oefb ä he q{ksvk cbefh}hbeh \he novvogahoZ 2 Cheq{k oa jhe{vb2 _{ksvo ä ck~vb ao eb~jo he pho}}o f‘o~jh \%%%Z% Jo! q{oefb cbeshfk~hojb v{vvb ha nogogahb fka sbafovb! k ha iovvb cdk kgah ebe ä joh offksv~ovb he pho}}o f‘o~jh cbe ha s{b co~hcb cbjpakvb! v{vvb chþ cdk sh pb~vo fhkv~b ekh cojph fh offksv~ojkevb ekh vkjph fh pock ä pk~ ak ~hyhsvk! vkekefb cbevb fh q{ksvb! so~knnk bvvhjhsvhcb sk kgah spo~k~à {eb b! oa phø! f{k cbaph oa jhe{vb ;>% Oecdk o q{ksvb nossb ~ovkb fh vh~b! {eo ykevheo fh cbaph k~oeb onnosvoe}o pk~ ~kefk~k ao coeeo v~bppb coafo! k f{~oevk {e p~ba{egovb scbev~b o i{bcb! cbjk i{ opp{evb Vb~heb! a‘oehjo fkaa‘o~jo fhykehyo cbsá hec~bsvovo fh ~kshf{h fh pbayk~k fo spo~b fo ~kefk~k ao ~hco~hco phø a{ego k cbjpaksso% H cbaph o y{bvb k~oeb e{jk~bsh! kf kspbekyoeb h sbafovh o g~oyh pk~hcbah! q{oah a‘kspabshbek fkaao p~bp~ho o~jo% Fbpb {e ck~vb e{jk~b fh vh~h $yo~honhak he nosk oaao q{oahvà fkaao skack( ao phkv~o ibcoho sh cbes{joyo k ebe k~o phø he g~ofb fh heeksco~k ao pbayk~k fka nochekvvb! cbsv~hegkefb ha sbafovb o ik~jo~k ao p~bckf{~o fh co~hcojkevb k o sbsvhv{h~ao% Spkssb ~kshf{h fh pbayk~k n~{chovo bsv~{hyoeb ha ibcbek! hjpkfkefb oaao ihojjo syha{ppovo foaao co~hco pbsvo eka nochekvvb fh ~oggh{egk~k ha cbapb he coeeo% Ekaa‘kcchvo}hbek k eka i~osv{beb fkaao novvogaho ebe c‘k~oeb go~oe}hk cdk ha sbafovb sh occb~gkssk fh q{ksvb joai{e}hbeojkevb fkaa‘o~jo< kgah cbevhe{oyo o ~hco~hco~k cbapb fbpb cbapb! sheb o q{oefb cheq{k! b skh! cbaph sh k~oeb fkpbshvovh {eb sbp~o a‘oav~b% Sk ha p~hjb cbapb ~h{schyo o q{ksvb p{evb of heeksco~sh! ao coeeo kspabfkyo cbjk {e pkvo~fb haa{jheoevk% K‘ cdho~b q{oevb ha p~hjb cbapb ibssk {eo p~k}hbso ~hsb~so% Jkev~k h i~oecksh oykyoeb heh}hovb ha ab~b vh~b ghà bav~k h ?00 jkv~h! gah oaakovh gh{esk~b o fhsvoe}o ~oyyhcheovo cbe ak o~jh co~hcdk! ak coeek p{ahvk k ak phkv~k oecb~o e{byk% _{oefb {eo sco~hco fh i{chak~ho k~o kiikvv{ovo o n~kyk fhsvoe}o! ksso k~o copock fh co{so~k {e jossoc~b ekaak ihak sbafo vh p~hjo fh v{vvb o v~ovvkek~k ha ab~b i{bcb! k o sbppb~vo~k q{kaab fka ekjhcb% ekjhcdk% Ebh fbnnhojb offksv~o~k h sbafovh He ch~cbsvoe}k eb~joah {e novvogahbek novvogahbe k ä scbeihvvb ebe oppkeo do opk~vb ha i{bcb! k ha ekjhcb do oecb~o ao s{o ~hsk~yo fh ;3 i{bcb % V{vvoyho! fbpb pbcb jkeb fh {e q{o~vb f‘b~o! oecdk h ioevh fka f ka N~oefkn{~gb i{~beb ~ksphevh% Cbs‘ä cdk fhsv~{ggk ha cb~ogghb fkaao v~{ppo he o}hbek! cbso io cdk sk ao fhoeb o gojnk2 Vk ab fh~þ – sbeb ak pk~fhvk cdk kssh fkybeb sbsvkek~k ;6% Sco~hcdk fh p~bhkvvhah fh i{chak k jhv~ogaho f‘o~vhgahk~ho sbacoyoeb a‘o~ho kf ovv~oyk~soyoeb ha cojpb! heiahggkefb cbev{shbeh! ib~oefb fhyhsk k coppkaah oaao a{ego fhsvoe}o! {cchfkefb b ik~kefb g~oykjkevk o n~kyk ~ogghb% Ak ik~hvk pbvkyoeb kssk~k v~kjkefk< p~hjo fh v{vvb {e p~bhkvvhak ekjhcb gah fhkfk {eo ib~vk nbvvo oa ghebccdhb fksv~b% _{hefh {eo ab cbapá sbvvb ha n~occhb shehsv~b k oefþ o cbeihcco~sh yhcheb oaao spheo fb~soak! foaao q{oak fbykvvk kssk~k pbh ~hjbsso% Heihek ao phø v~kjkefo k sk~ho ik~hvo i{ co{sovo fo {eo poaao fh phbjnb fkahnk~ovojkevk hechso! cdk ~hckykvvk s{a cbaab sbvvb ha jkevb ;;% _{oefb {eo poaao fh jbscdkvvb cbaphyo o phkeo ib~}o! spkssb pk~cb~~kyo {eo v~ohkvvb~ho kcckev~hco jkev~k ovv~oyk~soyo vkss{vh fh yo~ho cbeshsvke}o oaa‘hevk~eb fka cb~pb {joeb! p~bybcoefb g~oyhsshjh foeeh eka s{b pk~cb~sb% Ha ihoecb phø cbaphvb k~o ha shehsv~b! q{kaab jogghb~jkevk kspbsvb oaa‘biikso ekjhco o co{so fkaao pbsv{~o fo oss{jk~k pk~ ha vh~b cbe a‘o~jo hefhyhf{oak% _{oefb {e {bjb k~o onnovv{vb! ebe sbab h sbafovh pk~fkyoeb {e cbjpogeb f‘o~jh! jo ha ~kpo~vb k~o p~hyovb fh {e kakjkevb fh ib~}o% Voaybavo {e cb~pb ske}o yhvo pbvkyo kssk~k bggkvvb fh jocon~b {jb~hsjb! oecdk sk phø spkssb ak {~ao fkh ik~hvh k~oeb {e s{beb cdk h sbafovh ebe ojoyoeb oscbavo~k! iockefb eosck~k he ab~b po{~o pk~ a‘o}hbek k ha cbjnovvhjkevb% K~o {eo p~bckf{~o svoefo~f p~bhnh~k oaao v~{ppo fh sbccb~~k~k h ik~hvh k v~ospb~vo~ah i{b~h foa cojpb fh novvogaho% Ske}o q{ksvo p~kco{}hbek! pk~ chosc{eb fh kssh q{ovv~b b cheq{k {bjheh oy~knnk~b aoschovb h ~oegdh fka ~kpo~vb% Ak pk~fhvk s{nhvk he {eo o}hbek heia{hscbeb s{aao vke{vo fh {eo {ehvà he cbjnovvhjkevb ebe voevb pk~ ha ab~b e{jk~b he ossba{vb! jo pk~ ha ~ovkb he c{h kssk sbeb s{nhvk% K‘ phø fkakvk~ho {eo pk~fhvo fka 60+ he f{k ghb~eh ph{vvbsvb cdk {eo pk~fhvo fka 70+ fkaao ib~}o cbjnovvkevk s{ f{k skvvhjoek fh novvogaho% _{ksvb p~hechphb do {eo fh~kvvo oppahco}hbek oaak ch~cbsvoe}k fh cbjnovvhjkevb fka TYHHH skcbab! ak c{h fhjkeshbeh k~oeb ksv~kjojkevk cbjpovvk sbvvb bgeh ospkvvb! k pk~fhvk he q{ksvo pk~ckev{oak pbvkyoeb kssk~k heiahvvk b s{nhvk he {eo joechovo fh jhe{vh% Ha sbafovb pbvkyo s{nh~k {e cbaaossb ihshcb k jkevoak ebe oppkeo ak s{k ~hsb~sk jb~oah k~oeb svovk fka v{vvb p~bsch{govk foaa‘hevkeshvà fkaa‘o}hbek he cb~sb< He {e ovvhjb i{h sbp~oiiovvb fo {eo po{~o voak cdk jh p~hyþ fh v{vvb ha jhb cb~og ghb! k ha vk~~b~k jh ikck v~kjo~k ak gojnk% [e ioech{aab jh oy~knnk n{vvovb o vk~~o% S{ q{ksvo ‑iknn~k fo coeebek‚ db spkssb cbaabq{hovb cbe {iihchoah fh v{vvh h g~ofh! cbsá cbjk cbe yoab~bsh sbafovh skjpahch% Jh osshc{~o~beb s{aao po~bao cdk cdh{eq{k oiik~jh fh kssk~k svovb he novvogaho! k ebe onnho joh p~byovb q{ksvo v~kjkefo po{~o! fkyk kssk~k cbeshfk~ovb {eb spoccbek k {e n{gho~fb% Jo v{vvh ab~b po~ao~beb fh {eo cbso cdk hb svkssb oykyb ebvovb! chbä cdk q{ksvo skeso}hbek sh v~osjkvvk he q{ksvb jbfb ekaak iosh heh}hoah! ckev~oah k cbeca{shyk fh {e novvogaho! cdk gah {bjheh phø ib~vh sbsvkegbeb h phø fknbah! k cdk {eo i{go gkek~oak oyyhkek sbab q{oefb q{ksvo po{~o ovvoeogaho ao jogghb~ po~vk fkaa‘ksk~chvb! k gah {bjheh fknbah v~oscheoeb cbe ab~b h ib~vh ;9% Ao ‑iknn~k fo coeebek‚ k~o q{oacbso fh jbavb shjhak o q{kaab cdk eka TT skcbab i{ hfkevhihcovb cbjk ;>
‑sdbcl fo novvogaho‚% I{ oav~ksá ebvovb cdk ha shegbab {bjb ~hspbefk oaab sv~kss fo cbjnovvhjkevb he joehk~o skjp~k jkeb kiihcock s{a a{egb vk~jhek% Fbpb ak s{k p~hjk kspk~hke}k he o}hbek! ha sbafovb ~oggh{egk {eo sbgaho fh ‑jhehjb sib~}b‚% Ak s{k ib~}k sbeb cbevhe{ojkevk spksk ekgah sib~}h ~hcdhksvh pk~ sbp~oyyhyk~k of kspk~hke}k fh cbjnovvhjkevb! k oa s{b jbjkevb fh jogghb~ kiihchke}o skg{k {e occkak~ovb p~bckssb fkgkek~ovhyb cdk onnovvk v{vvk ak s{k fhiksk% Ha possogghb fkh sbafovh a{egb q{ksvo ‑c{~yo fh kiihchke}o fh cbjnovvhjkevb‚ ebe ä p~kykfhnhak! k yo~ho he nosk oaak fhiik~kevh ~koavà fkaao g{k~~o% Ekh cbjnovvhjkevh he Eb~joefho fka ?866 voak yho fbab~bso k~o cbjpakvovo he ch~co ;0 ghb~eh! jkev~k f{~oevk ao g{k~~o fkaab Xbj Lhpp{~ fka ?873 h sbafovh hs~okahoeh fkaa‘HFI scbp~h~beb fh pbvk~ o~~hyo~k of {eo shv{o}hbek fh vbvoak kso{~hjkevb ihshcb k pshcbabghcb fbpb oppkeo 30 b~k fh cbjnovvhjkevb ;7% Ao ‑iknn~k fo coeebek‚! ekh vhphch scbev~h o i{bcb fka TYHHH skcbab! sbp~oggh{egkyo he q{oa{eq{k jbjkevb fkaao novvogaho! k he jkeb fh {e‘b~o foa ab~b heg~kssb he novvogaho po~vk fkgah {bjheh fkaa‘Oedoav Fksso{ ek i{~beb v~oybavh% [eo hjp~ksshbeoevk fhjbsv~o}hbek fkaa‘hevkeshvà fkh cbjnovvhjkevh fh chþ cdk i{ fkihehvo ‑ao g{k~~o fkh f kh jk~akvvh‚% Ao svoecdk}}o! ao cbei{shbek k ak pk~fhvk cdk cbevhe{oyoeb of o{jkevo~k i{~beb gah kakjkevh cdk ikck~b ~hphkgo~k oecdk ao N~hgovo Svhaake! ha c{h cbjoefoevk! ha jogghb~ gkek~oak [a~hcd Cd~hsvbpd ybe Svhaake! k~o svovb ik~hvb% Gah {bjheh! cbjk h g~oeovhk~h! heh}ho~beb! phø b jkeb spbevoekojkevk! o ~hvh~o~sh% P~bnonhajkevk q{oacdk ~kpo~vb heh}hþ oecdk o snoefo~sh! oa p{evb cdk ha P~hechpk K{gkehb! p~kbcc{povb pk~ ao phkgo cdk gah kykevh svoyoeb p~kefkefb! ikck oyoe}o~k o ab~b sbsvkgeb ao N~hgovo Dogke% He n~kyk h cheq{k novvogahbeh fkaao N~hgovo Svhaake i{~beb iovvh o~~kv~o~k sheb fhkv~b oaao aheko fkaao skcbefo n~hgovo p~{sshoeo! fbyk h ~oegdh i{~beb ~hib~jovh k h ~hb~goeh}}ovh pk~ ha cbjnovvhjkevb% Yk~sb ak ??%30 po~vá ha vk~}b ovvoccb cbev~b a‘oao fksv~o i~oecksk% Ao novvogaho he q{ka jbjkevb hei{~hoyo s{ v{vvo ao aheko Sv{~o*Fb~o ^hpo~ho% 4% Ab sibefojkevb%
Ha a{bgbvkekevk gkek~oak Mkoe*I~oeçbhs ^oykef fk Sohev*I~èjbev k~o hjpkgeovb s{aa‘oao shehsv~o fkaao aheko i~oecksk! bssho eka v~ovvb fh v~heck~ojkevb foaa‘oegbab ~hkev~oevk sheb oaao Fb~o ^hpo~ho% Bav~k oh p~bp~h fbyk~k fh cbjoefoevk! yh k~oeb yo~hk ~oghbeh pk~ ak q{oah a‘{iihchoak ghgahovb ebe pbvkyo oyk~k {eo yhshbek gabnoak k cbjpakvo fka cojpb k fkgah kykevh% Ha vk~~keb phoekgghoevk k~o ske}o oac{e ~hahkyb fkgeb fh voa ebjk s{a q{oak soah~k k gbfk~k fh {eo yhshbek f‘heshkjk fka cojpb fh novvogaho% Ha i{jb fka cbjnovvhjkevb hjpkfhyo offh~hvv{~o fh bssk~yo~k ao p~hjo aheko! fo shehsv~o gh{egkyo a‘kcb abevoeb fka coeebekgghojkevb cdk svoyo cbapkefb ha i~bevk f‘ovvoccb fkaao Chvvofkaao! fo fksv~o ha i~osv{beb fka cbjnovvhjkevb oa ckev~b k! phø abevoeb yk~sb eb~f! oaa‘oao fksv~o% A‘{iihchoak i~oecksk pbvkyo occb~gk~sh oppkeo fh chþ cdk svoyo oyykekefb o pbcdk ckevheoho fh jkv~h fo a{h! fh ck~vb ebe pbvkyo sopk~k e{aao fh chþ oyykehyo oaa‘oao fksv~o! o ?%;00 jkv~h foa s{b ckev~b fh cbjoefb% Pk~ q{ka cdk ek sopkyoeb a{h kf ha s{b s{nb~fheovb! Cd~hsvhoe* Ab{hs Jbevjb~kecx*A{tkjnb{~g! ao novvogaho ao svoyoeb yheckefb< v{vvb oefoyo nkek s{a ebsv~b aovb% ^ksphevh h g~oeovhk~h! ao aheko oaakovo oykyo hjpkgeovb a‘hevk~b i~bevk i~oecksk% Jkev~k ao N~hgovo Svhaake vkevoyo ske}o s{cckssb fh pk~ib~o~k ao fksv~o fksv~ o i~oecksk cbofh{yovb foaao N~hgovo ]{jm{egke! ao aheko oaakovo sh s h k~o ghà fhyhso he v~k fhsvhevh v~becbeh cdk fbykyoeb hjpkgeo~k skpo~ovojkevk ak oah kf ha ckev~b% Chosc{eb fh kssb cbjnovvè {eo novvogaho o sè svoevk% Ha cbjphvb fkaak n~hgovk fka ckev~b k fkaao fksv~o k~o q{kaab hjpkfh~k cdk ~kpo~vh pbvkssk~b pb~vo~k sbccb~sb oaa‘oao fksv~o sbvvbpbsvo of {eo p~ksshbek skjp~k jogghb~k% Cbev~b A{ckevb h 8 novvogahbeh fkaak N~hgovo Lùehgskgg sh hjpkgeo~beb ph{vvbsvb naoefojkevk% Fbykyoeb ‑ihsso~k‚ ha ekjhcb k! pk~ ha jbjkevb! ha ab~b ovvoccb k~o sbab {e fhyk~shyb% Pk~voevb ha p~hjb ovvoccb cdk ha p~hechpk fh Sotk*Gbvdo kiikvv{þ i{ ~ksphevb ;4% Ha s{b cbjphvb fhyk~shyb svoyo ~h{sckefb ph{vvbsvb nkek! oa p{evb cdk oaa‘oao shehsv~o i~oecksk svoyoeb p~kefkefb pbsh}hbek >4 sq{of~beh opphkfovh fh f~ogbeh k > fh coyoaak~ho! heyhovh foa Ao Ik{haaofk% Bav~k o ab~b! oajkeb {e oav~b novvogahbek fh ioevk~ho oykyo ovv~oyk~sovb h pbevh s{aao Fb~o% Oa ckev~b ha no~bek fh ^kdnhefk~ oykyo p~ksb ha s{b cbjphvb ossoh phø s{a sk~hb< h 9 novvogahbeh poaovheoah fkaao N~hgovo Cbppk sh k~oeb oyyhcheovh oa v~heck~ojkevb k oykyoeb hegogghovb {e cbjnovvhjkevb o i{bcb ~oyyhcheovb cbe h 3 novvogahbeh fkaao N~hgovo N~kvogek% [eb fkh novvogahbeh i~oecksh! ha ?° fka ^kgghjkevb Nb{~gbgek pbsvb v~o ha p~hjb kf ha skcbefb ~kfoe fh shehsv~o! sbii~á g~oyh pk~fhvk! sh ~hvh~þ kf onnoefbeþ ha v~ovvb fh v~heck~ojkevb cdk fbykyo fhikefk~k% Ha >° novvogahbek fbykvvk phkgo~k s{aao fksv~o pk~ io~ i~bevk oaao jheoccho! k yhckyk~so ikck ha ?° novvogahbek fka ^kgghjkevb N~kvogek cdk phkgþ hefhkv~b oaao s{o shehsv~o% Ao c~hsh i{ fh n~kyk f{~ovo% Ha f{co fh B~aèoes sh jhsk oaao vksvo fkaao n~hgovo fh coyoaak~ho cdk fbykyo cdh{fk~k yo~cdh eka i~bevk foyoevh o sè% Oaao vksvo fkaao N~hgovo ^b{y~ox! ^b{y~ox! cbe h 6 sq{of~beh fkaao ?o k fkaao ;o N~hgovo Co~onhehk~s k {eb sq{of~bek fka ^kgghjkevb Cb{aoegks fkaao bjbehjo N~hgovo! ovvoccþ i~bevoajkevk h poaovheoah! cbjk ao phoehihco}hbek vovvhco fkaab scdhk~ojkevb i~oecksk! fka ~ksvb! p~kykfkyo% Ao co~hco i~oecksk! b ao skjpahck jheoccho fh q{ksvo! ikck sá cdk ao ioevk~ho ekjhco sh ~hvh~ossk onnoefbeoefb ak pbsvo}hbeh cbeq{hsvovk% H coyoahk~h! opp~bihvvoefb fka nossb p~bihab fkh v~heck~ojkevh hecbjph{vh! ah scoyoaco~beb k oyoe}o~beb pk~ {eo v~kevheo fh jkv~h ;8% Ebe oefo~beb abevoeb< sh v~byo~beb hsbaovh foyoevh o ib~}k ekjhcdk i~kscdk k i{~beb cbsv~kvvh o ;7
J% DOSVHEGS! Byk~ab~f% Ha F Fox k ao novvogaho fh Eb~joefho! Jhaoeb ?84;! pp% >;?*>46< S% F[ESVOE! Vdk Xbj Lhpp{~ Wo~ ?873! Yba% HH! Btib~f >003! pp% 9?*96% ;4 H v~k ovvoccdh s{aa‘oao fksv~o cbefbvvh foa p~hechpk fh Sotk*Gbvdo i{~beb kiikvv{ovh pk~ v{vvo ao f{~ovo fkaao novvogaho! k ebe sbab v~o ak ?? k ak ?> fka jovvheb% Cbsá oyykeek oecdk pk~ ak ib~}k fka no~bek fh ^kdnhefk~% PKAKV! Jkjbh~ks jhahvoh~ks chv%! pp% 999*997! 977! 978% ;8 Soev I~èjbev oiik~jþ cdk ha f{co fh B~aèoes co~hcþ ha ekjhcb cbe {e sbab sq{of~bek fkh Co~onhehk~s% Cbso iovvhnhak sk ao ioaao fka i~bevk ibssk svovo fh q{kh sbah ??0 jkv~h fh i~bevk vke{vh foa ?° novvogahbek fka ^kgghjkevb Nb{~gbgek% H novvogahbeh oaak s{o oah phkgo~beb yk~sb a‘hevk~eb! cbe a‘hevkevb fh p~bvkggk~sh foaao jheoccho cdk gh{egkyo b~o foh v~heck~ojkevh% Ao n~kccho fo cdh{fk~k k~o b~joh nke phø g~oefk! ib~sk s{h ?;0 jkv~h% Vkekefb cbevb cdk {eb sq{of~bek bcc{poyo ch~co ;0 jkv~h fh i~bevk! k~oeb ekcksso~h oajkeb f{k sq{of~beh pk~ q{ksvb ovvoccb% E{aao! q{hefh! fh phø iochak cdk ha f{co
~hvh~o~sh! s{nkefb g~oyh pk~fhvk o co{so fkaao pbvke}o fh i{bcb fkaao ioevk~ho oaakovo k fkh s{bh pk}}h ~kgghjkevoah! ihekefb pbh oecdk cbev~bco~hcovh foaao N~hgovo Scdkaao~fv 90% Ha f{co fh B~aèoes i{ ~oggh{evb fo v~k cbaph! f{k fkh q{oah ojjocco~beb ao s{o cb~o}}o! jkev~k ha vk~}b ab ik~á oaa‘oeco% Vovvhcojkevk! oajkeb oaa‘oao fksv~o! ha phoeb i~oecksk i{e}hbeoyo% Ao coyoaak~ho oykyo cdh{sb ao n~kccho k ha ekjhcb ebe possoyo% Jo sk oa Sohev*I~èjbev si{gghyo ao pk~ck}hbek fkaao novvogaho ekaao s{o gabnoahvà! q{ksvo si{gghyo oecdk oa cbjoefb s{p~kjb! ~opp~kskevovb foa f{co fh B~aèoes k foa Jo~she% Ha p~hjb sh k~o gkvvovb oaao vksvo fkh Co~onhehk~s yheckefb {eb scbev~b v{vvb sbjjovb skcbefo~hb ekaab sckeo~hb gabnoak fkaao novvogaho he sybaghjkevb% Ha skcbefb! vb~jkevovb foh s{bh k~~b~h! ~hjosk {eb spkvvovb~k posshyb fkgah kykevh% Ekss{eb i{ he g~ofb b ybaak pb~vo~k oh{vb oaa‘oao fksv~o% Cbjk {e i{ajhek o chka sk~keb oa cbjoefb fka Sohev*I~èjbev gh{esk ao ebvh}ho cdk ao fksv~o! fbyk svoyoeb h Shgeb~h f‘Ksvoheg! fk Yhaahk~s k Skeekvä~k! k~o svovo ib~}ovo 9?% Sk a‘oao fksv~o fkgah oaakovh fbykyo ‑ihsso~k‚ ak ib~}k ekjhcdk! q{kaao shehsv~o fbykyo heykck scbeihggk~ak% Gah {bjheh fh Svhaake ebe k~oeb ~h{schvh o posso~k! jkev~k oaao ab~b fksv~o oecdk gah hjpk~hoah fka jogghb~ gkek~oak Mbdoee Dkh~bexjb{s ]{jm{egke vkevoyoeb o ab~b ybavo fh sibefo~k! hjphkgoefb o fhsvoe}o ~oyyhcheovo oecdk h ab~b pk}}h ~kgghjkevoah! jo ao aheko i~oecksk skjn~oyo oecb~o vkek~k 9>% Oaak b~k ??%30 gah bvvb novvogahbeh fka a{bgbvkekevk gkek~oak I~oeçbhs Sohaaoev f‘Ksvoheg oykyoeb ~ksphevb {e p~hjb ovvoccb k svoyo sbsvkekefb {e skcbefb ossoavb% Ao N~hgovo Ao Jo~hek sh k~o novv{vo p~hjo cbev~b h novvogahbeh fh ib~jo}hbek fkh g~oeovhk~h oaakovh! fbpb fh cdk sh k~o scbev~ovo cbe ao N~hgovo Svhaake k a‘oykyo ~hn{vvovo hefhkv~b% Ao n~hgovo hjjkfhovojkevk s{aao shehsv~o! N~hgovo Pk~cdk! svoyo b~o ck~coefb fh nabcco~k! o iovhco! a‘ossoavb pb~vovb foaao N~hgovo ]{jm{egke% A‘hevk~b cbjnovvhjkevb! {e sk~~ovb scbev~b o i{bcb! oykyo yhsvb h i~oecksh pk~ ha jbjkevb he g~ofb fh vkek~k ao aheko% V{vvoyho ha cbes{jb fh j{eh}hbeh k~o svovb ossoh kakyovb! k h cbaph hecbjhechoyoeb o joeco~k% Sh yhfk he q{ka jbjkevb ao g~oyhvà fkaao fhsv~{}hbek fka cbeybgahb fh j{ah fh Phoek}}o% P~hjo a‘o~vhgahk~ho! pbh ao ioevk~ho hecbjhechþ o sco~skggho~k fh j{eh}hbeh% Oaao ebsv~o fksv~o gah ~hspbefkjjb \cba coeebekZ sheb o cdk ak j{eh}hbeh! cdk k~oeb he pbco q{oevhvà! f{~o~beb< ao ebsv~o ioevk~ho coffk ekaab svkssb p~bnakjo 93% O~~hyþ he q{ka jkev~k ha e{byb ovvoccb p~{sshoeb% O cbef{~ab yh k~o ebe sbab ha p~hechpk fh Oedoav Fksso{ jo ha P~hechpk K{gkehb he pk~sbeo% Ao N~hgovo Dogke! sbsvke{vo fo Svhaake! ovvoccþ fh e{byb ao N~hgovo Ao Jo~hek! q{osh cbe ik~bcho< h yoab~bsh P~{sshoeh! po~vk oehjovh foaao ~koa p~kske}o fka ab~b s{p~kjb Cbjoefoevk! po~vk hegkabshvh! cdk gah oav~h ebe p~kcb~~kssk~b o vbgahk~ ab~b ha yoevb fh pkekv~o~k h p~hjh ekaak v~heckk! oyykevb~besh cbjk Akbeh o sib~}o~ak 96% Ha jogghb~ gkek~oak Pdhahpp Shghsj{ef ybe Dogke! cbjk cb jk ha s{b cbaakgo pbcb p~hjo! i{ o s{o ybavo ik~hvb! jo ao p~ksshbek s{h i~oecksh ebe fhjhe{á% He cbevkjpb~oeko h q{ovv~b sq{of~beh fkh f{k ~kgghjkevh fh [sso~h hjpk~hoah Knk~gèexh k Yhs}aox! cbjpaksshyojkevk ch~co q{ovv~bckevb {bjheh! oy~knnk~b vkevovb {e oggh~ojkevb fkaao fksv~o i~oecksk! si~{vvoefb {eo sv~ofo cojpksv~k cdk sckefkyo a{egb ha g~kvb sossbsb fkaao Sv{~o% Ha cojjheb k~o fbjheovb of {eo q{bvo phø oavo foa vk~~keb fbyk k~o svovb cbsv~{hvb ha v~heck~ojkevb% Jo ao sco~shvà fh v~{ppk ~kefkyo hjpbsshnhak p~kshfho~k q{ka v~ovvb fh i~bevk% Scksk~b ekaak nossk fh Sv{~o! ~hsoah~beb ao sco~povo fh vk~~o k sn{co~beb oaak spoaak fkaao p~hjo aheko ekjhco s{aao phoeo ekh p~kssh fkaao coscheo Cbjbvvb! o 370 jkv~h fhkv~b ao aheko fka i~bevk% Oa jbjkevb pbvk~beb io~k pbcb b e{aao k ao ab~b p~kske}o i{ fka v{vvb h~~hakyoevk pk~ ha c~baab fkaa‘oao fksv~o i~oecksk% _{oefb ha p~hjb p~h jb coyoaab s{pk~þ ha chgahbek fh Fb~o! h p~{sshoeh oykyoeb ghà ib~}ovb ha v~heck~ojkevb% Hebav~k foyoevh o ab~b svoyo ao N~hgovo Cdovko{jb~oev! ib~vk fh 7 Gèeè~oa ikck ha s{b fbyk~k sq{of~beh fh coyoaak~ho pksoevk! cdk ah oii~bevo~beb he cbjnovvhjkevb! ha ^kgghjkevb Cbabeka Gèeè~oa ikck 9; k p~ksk {eb svkefo~fb % Ao svb~hbg~oiho sono{fo sh gab~hþ fka iovvb cdk q{ksvb ovvoccb i{ ~hsba{vhyb k cdk i{ g{hfovb foa f{co fh Soybho he pk~sbeo% He ~koavà! jkev~k oyykeek ab sibefojkevb! Yhvvb~hb Ojkfkb HH sh v~byoyo foyoevh oa vk~}b ~kfoe! o bav~k 400 jkv~h foaao coscheo Cbjbvvb! k svoyo osshsvkefb oaa‘ovvoccb fkaak n~hgovk fka a{bgbvkekevk gkek~oak Co~a Oaktoefk~ dk~}bg }{ Wñ~vvkjnk~g 99% Gah {sso~h hjpk~hoah ~hjosk~b nabccovh s{a chgahbek fh Sv{~o! k pk~ ha jbjkevb onnho ovvoccovb cbe a‘hevk~o N~hgovo ^b{y~kx! cbjk ~hpb~vovb eka ~oppb~vb i~oecksk s{aao coyoaak~ho hjphkgovo he novvogaho% PKAKV! Jkjbh~ks jhahvoh~ks chv%! p% 9;8% 90 _{ksvo N~hgovo! cbjoefovo foa Shgeb~k fh ^b{y~kx! ~ksphesk ha ekjhcb cdk oykyo jkssb he i{go {e novvogahbek! k cbe voevb yhgb~k cdk ab heskg{á oa fh aà fka v~heck~ojkevb! cbso cdk ebe pbvè io~k ske}o {eo g~bsso pk~fhvo k jbavb yoab~k% PKAKV! Jkjbh~ks jhahvoh~ks chv%! p% 9;8% A‘ovvoccb fh q{ksvo n~hgovo ä ~hpb~vovb oecdk ekaao jkjb~ho fka P~hechpk K{gkehb v~osc~hvvo foa Pkakv! ekaao q{oak sh v~byo sc~hvvb cdk he q{ka jbjkevb ao ab~b coyoaak~ho sh ghbyþ fh {eb fkgah opphoeojkevh fkaao ab~b aheko! pkekv~þ eka cojpb fkgah hjpk~hoah! k ykeek o p~kefk~k h Sossbeh s{a ihoecb% Ao sh ~ksphesk cbe fkaa‘oav~o coyoaak~ho cdk ao co~hcþ! k ekaao i{go oefþ o pb~vo~k vk~~b~k k fhsb~fhek v~o q{kaah fkaao s{o po~vk% PKAKV! Jkjbh~ks jhahvoh~ks chv%! p% 978% 9? Akvvk~o fka a{bgbvkekevk gkek~oak Fk Sohev*I~èjbev oa jhehsv~b Cdojhaao~v! he JKEGHE! ^kaovhbe f{ Shègk fk V{~he chv%! p% >9;% 9> PKAKV! Jkjbh~ks jhahvoh~ks chv%! p% 974% Ekaao ~kao}hbek fka P~hechpk K{gkehb ~hpb~vovo foa Pkakv! sh v~byo sc~hvvb cdk gah oaakovh i{~beb ~ksphevh v~k ybavk s{ v{vvh h aovh% Pk~voevb sh ä skjp~k ~hvke{vb q{ksvh ovvoccdh cbevkjpb~oekh% He ~koavà h p~{sshoeh fka p~hechpk fh Oedoav Fksso{ k gah {bjheh fh Wñ~vvkjnk~g sibefo~beb oa skcbefb vkevovhyb! fbpb {e cbjnovvhjkevb o i{bcb sk~~ovb% ^kdnhefk~ k Sotk*Gbvo kiikvvhyojkevk hjphkgo~beb phø vkjpb o ib~}o~k h v~heck~ojkevh! vkevoefb v~k ybavk a‘ossoavb% Eka jbjkevb he c{h h p~{sshoeh sibefoyoeb k~o he cb~sb! b svoyo pk~ kssk~k sik~~ovb! ha skcbefb ossoavb% Ebe o cosb ha ^kgghjkevb i~oecksk Phkjbev do ekaak s{k jkjb~hk ~kgghjkevoah ha yoevb fh oyk~ ~ksphevb v~k ybavk gah ovvoccoevh o Vb~heb% Ha Phkjbev k~o he ib~}o oaa‘oao shehsv~o% S[SOEK! Dhsvbh~k fk a‘Heioevk~hk chv%! yba% HH! p% >94% 93 Jkjbh~ks fk ao Fk~ehk~k G{k~~k he Hvoahk chv%! p% ??6% 96 VO^H]]B! ^ogg{ogahb Hsvb~hcb chv%! p% 74% 9; Voak n~hgovo k~o scdhk~ovo oh g{ofh fkaab Sv{~o% Ao n~hgovo! cbjk oykyo iovvb ao N~hgovo Nbeekyoa! k~o p~bnonhajkevk oyoe}ovo pk~ sbsvkek~k ao ioevk~ho i~oecksk skjp~k phø p~byovo% Gah {sso~h! f{eq{k! o cbevh iovvh oy~knnk~b fby{vb cbjnovvk~k cbev~b ebe jkeb fh ?6 sq{of~beh fh coyoaak~ho% PKAKV! Jkjbh~ks jhahvoh~ks chv%! p% 9;4% 99 Ao p~kske}o fka f{co Yhvvb~hb Ojkfkb HH o q{ksvb ovvoccb i{ fovo pk~ ck~vo ekaak Cojpogek fka P~hechpk K{gkehb chv%! p% >38% Ha fo vb! sjkevhvb foaak yo~hk ~kao}hbeh cbkyk fh po~vk oaakovo k fogah svkssh fbc{jkevh chvovh ekaa‘bpk~o! cbev~osvo cbe ao eo~~o}hbek iovvo foa Sbao~b fkaao Jo~go~hvo! ha q{oak fksc~hyk oecdk ak fhiihcbavà oy{vk foa f{co eka s{pk~o~k h v~heck~ojkevh! ~occbevoefb cbjk kgah sh v~byossk ekh p~kssh fka vk~}b ~kfoe $vke{vb foaao N~hgovo Pk~cdk! he po~vhcbao~k foa ?° novvogahbek fka ^kgghjkevb F{ Ib~v (% Gah o{vb~h fkaak Cojpogek v~oyhso~beb ak po~bak fka _{hecx cdk ~hik~á cdk ha
ebe i{~beb phø he g~ofb fh p~bskg{h~k bav~k% Sbab ekaak {avhjk iosh fkaao novvogaho p~ksk~b po~vk oh ~osv~kaaojkevh fkgah snoefovh% H ioevh i~oecksh ebe sh occb~sk~b fh e{aao fh v{vvb chþ% K~oeb hjpkgeovh he i~bevkggho~k ha ekjhcb k! hevb~eb o jk}}bghb~eb! fbpb a‘keekshjb sk~~ovb scbev~b o i{bcb! ebe i{~beb phø he g~ofb fh vkek~k ha i~bevk% H sbafovh! ch~cbefovh foh cb~ph fkh ab~b cbjpogeh cof{vh! ekcksshvoyoeb fh ~heib~}h! v~{ppo i~ksco cdk ah sbsvhv{hssk he p~hjo aheko! ~hjpho}}h cdk pk~ ha jbjkevb ebe k~oeb fhspbehnhah% O pkgghb~o~k ao shv{o}hbek k~o ha ~ophfb kso{~hjkevb fkaak j{eh}hbeh% Ha ^kgghjkevb Ao Jo~hek i{ heihek cbsv~kvvb o cbjnovvk~k cbe ao sbao nohbekvvo 97% Sbsvke{vh foa p~bp~hb vh~b fh i{chak~ho! oh q{oah h ekjhch ebe pbvkyoeb phø ~hspbefk~k! h p~{sshoeh ~h{sch~beb o s{pk~o~ ha ibssovb kf o~~ojphco~sh s{a v~heck~ojkevb94% H i~oecksh phkgo~beb hefhkv~b! cbe g~oe cbei{shbek< phø vh oyyhcheh oa ekjhcb phø spoykevovb fhykevh! k {e cbfo~fb! cdk spo~k~à of {e sbafovb cb~ogghbsb o {e ckevheohb fh possh! ebe oy~à ha cb~ogghb fh io~k ab svkssb o n~kyk fhsvoe}o 98% V{vvb of {e v~ovvb {eo ybck sh fhii{sk ekaa‘ksk~chvb i~oecksk< shojb jb~vh/ Onnoefbeo~beb ao pbsvo}hbek k p~ksk~b o i{ggh~k< eka cbevkjpb ha p~hechpk fh Oedoav scoaoyo ha v~heck~ojkevb k yheckyo ao novvogaho 70% P~byovh! spoykevovh! ch~cbefovh fo cofoyk~h b ik~hvh {~aoevh! ebe oppkeo foaak cbabeek fh i{jb oppo~yk~b h ybavh fka ekjhcb! k ak p{evk fkaak ab~b nohbekvvk! h sbafovh ghgahovh sh snoefo~beb k i{ggh~beb% H p~hjh sbafovh of onnoefbeo~k h ~kpo~vh i{~beb q{kaah fkh ~oegdh o~~kv~ovh% Gah {bjheh s{a i~bevk pbvkyoeb scb~gk~k h p~bp~h {iihchoah! ykfk~k ha ekjhcb! yoa{vo~k he joehk~o onnosvoe}o ksovvo ha pk~hcbab cdk cb~~kyoeb! fkchfk~k s{a fo io~sh k cbjk oii~bevo~k a‘oyyk~so~hb% Gah {bjheh fka vk~}b b fka q{o~vb ~oegb ebe pbvkyoeb ykfk~k e{aao fh v{vvb chþ! hjpkfhvh oaao yhsvo foa cb~pb fkh sbafovh foyoevh o ab~b! foa ~hpb~vb fh vk~~o fka v~heck~ojkevb k foa i{jb fkaao i{chak~ho% V~o fh ab~b! k spkssb sbvvb fh ab~b! svoyoeb h cb~ph fkh ik~hvh k fkh jb~vh! jkev~k foa foyoevh sh skevhyoeb sbab {~ao k spo~h% Bgeh ~kpo~vb k~o ch~cbefovb fo {e cb~fbek fh {iihchoah k g~of{ovh fh v~{ppo< {eo p~hjo aheko fh cophvoeh k a{bgbvkekevh k~o pbsh}hbeovo p~bp~hb fh i~bevk oa p~hjb ~oegb! b oa s{b hevk~eb! cbe ha cbjphvb p~hechpoak fh ~kgbao~k a‘o}hbek fh i{bcb% He q{ksvo pbsh}hbek pbvkyoeb cbjoefo~k ha i{bcb! kyhvoefb cdk ao fhschpaheo fh vh~b ykehssk o joeco~k k cdk h sbafovh spo~ossk~b o ab~b phochjkevb $ ik{ fk nhaakno{fk (% K~o {eo pbsh}hbek fh cbjnovvhjkevb ossoh kspbsvo k pk~hcbabso! ebe sbab pk~ h cbaph cdk pbvkyoeb gh{egk~k foa ekjhcb! jo oecdk foh p~bp~h {bjheh! fo sbafovh pbcb offksv~ovh b joahevke}hbeovh% [e‘oav~b cb~fbek fh {iihchoah k sbvv{iihchoah sh svkefkyo s{a ~kv~b fka novvogahbek! hjphkgovo he bgeh ch~cbsvoe}o {vhak pk~ joevkek~k ak v~{ppk cbksk he o}hbek! {~aoefb b~fheh! sphegkefb cbe ak joeh h sbafovh oa ab~b pbsvb! b ~hjkvvkefbah he aheko cbe gah kspbevbe b ak sk~gkevhek ahykaaovk oaa‘oavk}}o fkaak ~keh! joevkekefb cbjpovvb ha ~kpo~vb ha jkgahb cdk pbvkyoeb% Ak pk~fhvk pk~þ o{jkevoyoeb of bgeh soayo ekjhco! k {e g~of{ovb {cchsb b ik~hvb k~o {e kakjkevb fh cbev~baab he jkeb% H novvogahbeh i~oecksh cdk pk~sk~b ao ab~b cbkshbek sh v~osib~jo~beb fo {eo josso b~fheovo he {eo ibaao he ~bvvo< Ao ibaao he i{go ä c~kovo fo {eo jheoccho% V{vvh i{ggbeb< ebe c‘ä cdh ebe ek sho v~oybavb< ha pk~hcbab hecbjnkevk ä ab svkssb pk~ v{vvh%%% k v{vvh p~byoeb ao svksso kcchvo}hbek k a‘kek~gho fh oac{eh hec~kjkevo a‘kek~gho fh oav~h% Ihecdè svoeeb osshkjk doeeb ao skeso}hbek cdk ha pk~hcbab sho kq{ojkevk fhsv~hn{hvb% Ekss{eb y{bak ojjkvvk~k cdk p~bp~hb a{h! i~o voevh! so~à ao yhvvhjo k! pbhcdè ha jbyhjkevb fkaao i{go v{vvo q{oevo ä p~bvksb oaao soayk}}o! chosc{eb ä cbeyhevb cdk kgah pk~sbeoajkevk ao ~oggh{egk~à% Cdh{eq{k cofo sv~ofo iockefb! oghsck fo sp~bek s{gah oav~h% Ha iovb do cbavb a{h k do ~hspo~jhovb ab~b% Kgah ~opp~kskevo {e soc~hihchb biik~vb oa pk~hcbab% Pk~ q{oevb hjpb~voevk pbsso kssk~k svovb ogah bccdh F{co fh Soybho! ksskefbsh k sskefbsh ~hcb~fovb cdk c‘k~o {e y{bvb s{a aovb fkaao Sv{~o! cdk ha F{co fh B~aèoes ebe oykyo pbv{vb ~hkjph~k o co{so fkaak pbcdk v~{ppk cdk c‘k~oeb s{ q{ka aovb k cdk sh pbvkyo s{pk~o~k iochajkevk h v~heck~ojkevh! cbjk oykyoeb iovvb h Co~onhehk~h \sh ~hik~hsck oaao co~hco fkh Co~onhehk~s i~oecksh! cdk heskg{h~beb h sbafovh fh ^kdnhefk~ bav~k h v~heck~ojkevhZ ! ! ikck jo~cho~k \s{aao shehsv~oZ fkaak e{byk v~{ppk% Gah {sso~h kiikvvhyojkevk sh jbssk~b! jo ebe yh ä ebvh}ho cdk Yhvvb~hb Ojkfkb ibssk cbe ab~b% SBAO^B! Mb{~eoa Dhsvb~hq{k chv%! pp% ?33*?36< PKAKV! Jkjbh~ks jhahvoh~ks chv%! p% 999% Hebav~k ha jbyhjkevb biikeshyb fkgah {sso~h ebe i{ ~hsba{vhyb cbjk sh ybaak io~ posso~k% V{vvk ak c~beocdk p~kckfkevh oaak Cojpogek fka P~hechpk K{gkehb! sho o svojpo cdk joebsc~hvvk! sbeb cbecb~fh ekaa‘oiik~jo~k cdk ha jk~hvb fh oyk~ v~oybavb a‘oao fksv~o i~oecksk spkvvh oh p~{sshoeh fka p~hechpk fh Oedoav Fksso{% Ha jbyhjkevb oggh~oevk s{aa‘oao fksv~o ä i~{vvb! p~bnonhajkevk! fh {eo gkek~o}hbeh fh svb~hch cdk! eka ?479! k~o ghà svovo onhv{ovo oaak vovvhcdk fh cbjnovvhjkevb fkaao G{k~~o fkh Skvvk Oeeh k! he po~vhcbao~k! oaak G{k~~k Eopbakbehcdk< A‘ovvoccb iovvbsh fo P~{sshoeh ha p~hjb vkjpb yk~sb ao Sv{~o sbvvb ha cbjoefb fka P~hechpk f‘Oedoav Fksso{! cdk q{oev{eq{k ~ksphevh pk~ f{k ybavk! i{ sbsvke{vb cbe q{kaao n~oy{~o q{oa‘ä p~bp~ho! cbjk he s{b phø abevoeb fo sbccb~sh! yhn~þ ha cbapb phø ib~vk!k phø fkchshyb pk~ ao Yhvvb~ho% ^kao}hbek fkaa‘osskfhb! fkaao fhikso k ahnk~o}hbek fh Vb~heb foaa‘ksk~chvb i~oecksk! p% ?6! OSVB! Cb~vk! J{skb Svb~hcb< ^kaovhbe fk a‘ovvoq{k! Cojpogek fka P~hechpk K{gkehb chv%! pp% 67;*677< K% GHGAHB*VBS! Fh v~k akvvk~k hekfhvk s{aao Novvogaho fh Vb~heb 7 skvvkjn~k ?709 ! Vb~heb ?80;! pp% 3*;< Fho~hb fkaa‘Osskfhb fh Vb~heb ?709 ! OSVB! Cb~vk! Svb~hk fkaao ^koa Coso! Covkgb~ho HHH! Jo}}b >0! pp% 3;*39< VO^H]]B! ^ogg{ogahb Hsvb~hcb chv%! p% 74% O novvogaho cbeca{so ha P~hechpk K{gkehb abfþ ha c{gheb cbe q{ksvk po~bak< O s{o gabh~k hjjb~voak k o s{b beb~k ebe ~hspo~jhþ a‘o{g{svo Pk~sbe ! jo ao kspbsk ske}o vkjo aà fbyk jogghb~k k~o ha i{bcb! pk~ ha nkek fkaao co{so cbj{ek kf o cbeib~vb k ghbho fkh s{ffhvh k fka poksk i{ p~kskevk foa p~hechphb oaao ihek! g{hfþ kgah svkssb h sbafovh k cocchþ ha e kjhcb bav~k Pb! skjp~k hjpo~vkefb gahb~f~ks bppb~v{eh f{~oevk ao novvogaho% E{byojkevk sh kabgho ao s{o p~kske}o he p~hjo aheko! jo ekss{e occkeeb o joeby~k oyybagkevh b oaao s{o p~kske}o oaa‘ovvoccb fkaa‘oao fksv~o ekjhco! jkev~k ä ~hcb~fovb ha s{b heskg{hjkevb fkh ekjhch he ~bvvo sheb oa ^kghb Po~cb% C% V^ON[CCB! Ao Ybapk Soybho~fo k a‘Osskfhb a ‘Osskfhb fh Vb~heb! Vb~heb ?874! p% ?;9% Yo fo sè cdk ao svb~hbg~oiho sono{fo! sheb oaak bpk~k phø ~kckevh! doeeb occbavb cbe jbavo ghbho k cbe pbcb sph~hvb c~hvhcb ao p~ks{evo o}hbek ~hsba{vhyo fh Yhvvb~hb Ojkfkb HH s{aak ~hyk fkaao Sv{~o% 97 A‘oyyhcheojkevb fka Ekjhcb sh ikck cbe {e g~oe i{bcb fh Coeebek Oaao ebsv~o fksv~o gah ~hspbefkjjb sheb o cdk ak J{eh}hbeh! J{eh }hbeh! cdk k~oeb he pbco q{oevhvà! f{~o~beb< ao ebsv~o Ioevk~ho coffk ekaab svkssb p~bnakjo! k he jkeb fh {e‘b~o! ksso i{ ~hfbvvo oaao Nohbekvvo! joecoefb f‘oyk~k fh cdk vh~o~k% Jkjbh~ks fk ao Fk~ehk~k G{k~~k f‘Hvoahk chv%! p% ??6% 94 I{~beb hjphkgovk oecdk g~oeovk o joeb% PKAKV! Jkjbh~ks jhahvoh~ks chv%! p% 974% 98 M%O% G[HNK^V! Kssoh gèeè~oa fk vocvhq{k! Yba% H! Po~hs ?406! p% >?9% 70 I^ÈFK^HCL HH! Jèjbh~ks pb{~ pb{ ~ sk~yh~ o a‘Dhsvbh~k fk ao Johsbe fk N~oefknb{~g N~oefknb{ ~g! Pbsvfoj ?40;! p% ?7?% Ikfk~hcb HH gh{fhcoyo v~bppb ksvksb ab scdhk~ojkevb ofbvvovb foaa‘B~aèoes k c~hvhcoyo ao sckavo fh ebe oyk~ ovvoccovb! cbe ib~}k fbpphk! a‘o~jovo fka P~hechpk K{gkehb% S{aab sibefojkevb fkaao aheko v~o Sv{~o k Fb~o cbeibefk shegbao~jkevk h f{k ih{jh% Skcbefb ha ~k fh P~{ssho ha poehcb ekaak ihao i~oecksh i{ gkek~ovb fo v~k g~oeovhk~h snoefovh! h q{oah! f{~oevk a‘ovvoccb iheoak fka p~hechpk fh Oedoav Fksso{! pkekv~o~beb a{egb ao Fb~o! k oggh~o~beb ha v~heck~ojkevb pk~ {e possb fbyk kssb ebe sh oppbgghoyo nkek oa ih{jk% Fovo ao shv{o}hbek fh sv~kss povhvo foaak v~{ppk ghgahovo! q{oashosh p~kvksvb so~knnk svovb bvvhjb pk~ fo~sh oaao i{go%
fh oac{eh fh ab~b! cbjk cbjpogeb fh i{go! cofkefb fhyhkek hjpb~voevk ogah bccdh fh v{vvh% Ao ihek eov{~oak fkaao i{go ä ha ~oggh{eghjkevb eov{~oak fkaao jkvo< {eo ybavo cdk q{ksvo ibaao ä he soayb! sh fhspk~fk 7?% Cbevkjpb~oekojkevk! ykfkefb h ~kpo~vh s{aao fksv~o phkgo~k hefhkv~b! oecdk h novvogahbeh fkaao N~hgovo Pk~cdk heh}ho~beb o ab~b ybavo o ~kv~bckfk~k! k jkev~k eka i~ovvkjpb ak n~hgovk fh Wñ~vvkjnk~g! ao ]{jm{egke k ao Nbeekyoa! s{pk~o~beb o ab~b ybavo ha v~heck~ojkevb% V{vvo a‘oao fksv~o! foa vk~}b ~kfoe oaao Sv{~o! sh k~o phkgovo oaa‘hefhkv~b! op~kefb {eo ioaao fh 7;0 jkv~h% H ~kpo~vh i~oecksh sh cbjpb~vo~beb he joehk~k fhyk~sk% Oac{eh fh ab~b! spkchk q{kaah cdk p~kshfhoyoeb ha skvvb~k fbyk oyykeek ab sibefojkevb! skjpahckjkevk sh fhshevkg~o~beb! cbjk oyykeek pk~ h f{k novvogahbeh fka ^kgghjkevb Ao Jo~hek cdk vkekyoeb a‘ksv~kjo shehsv~o% Ao v~{ppo i{ggá yho! yk~sb ak ~kv~byhk! ck~coefb scojpb% H novvogahbeh cdk ebe sh sioscho~beb o~~kv~o~beb sheb oaao Jofbeeo fh Cojpogeo fbyk! fhkv~b ao sv~ofo cdk {ehyo ha cbjpakssb ~kahghbsb oaao coscheo Noanhoeb! heh}ho~beb iovhcbsojkevk o ~hb~goeh}}o~sh% H p~{sshoeh fh Dogke ebe sh ik~jo~beb! cbjk k~o svovb ab~b b~fheovb! s{h v~heck~ojkevh k cbsá ebe cbsá ikck~b gah hjpk~hoah fh ]{jm{egke! jo sh gkvvo~beb s{h ~kpo~vh ekjhch cdk vkevoyoeb fh o~~kv~o~k% Ha ^kgghjkevb Ao Jo~hek k q{kaab fh O{yk~gek pbvk~beb ~kv~bckfk~k o iovhco! fhsvoccoefb oac{ek cbjpogehk o cbp~h~k ao ~hvh~ovo% Ha cbabeekaab Phk~~k Ak G{k~cdbhs fk Sohevk*Cbabjnk fka Ao Jo~hek {vhah}}þ o q{ksvb scbpb ao cbjpogeo g~oeovhk~h fka cophvoeb fk Nbeeo{f fka ?° novvogahbek% _{osh occk~cdhovb foh p~{sshoeh fh Dogke! fk Nbeeo{f ~hscdhþ fh kssk~k vogahovb i{b~h k sh sgoechþ o iovhco! g~o}hk oecdk oaa‘hevk~ykevb fkaao coyoaak~ho! fbpb oyk~ pk~f{vb > a{bgbvkekevh! > sk~gkevh k 36 g~oeovhk~h< cbe ha 70+ fh pk~fhvk ao s{o cbjpogeho k~o fh iovvb svovo fhsv~{vvo% Jkev~k ao ioevk~ho cbevhe{oyo o ~hvh~o~sh! ao coyoaak~ho ghgahovo vkevoyo fh soayo~k ao ghb~ eovo% 8% Novvogaho fh coyoaak~ho%
Ao skcbefo aheko fh coyoaak~ho i~oecksk oy~knnk fby{vb co~hco~k k cdh{fk~k bgeh ioaao cdk ak sh p~kskevossk foyoevh% Oaa‘oao shehsv~o ao N~hgovo ^b{y~kx oykyo oghvb he voa skesb k ha p~hjb vkevovhyb fh ~bjpk~k ha i~bevk k~o svovb ~ksphevb% Ofkssb 6 novvogahbeh p~{sshoeh k ebe jkeb fh 8 hjpk~hoah svoyoeb s{pk~oefb ha v~heck~ojkevb% Ao coyoaak~ho i~oecksk! ske}o {eo g{hfo p~kchso! ebe ~h{scá o joeby~o~k kiihcockjkevk! k bgeh n~hgovo cbjnovvè shegbao~jkevk% Gah scbev~h sh cbes{jo~beb v{vvh he pbcb jkeb fh {e‘b~o! v~o ak ?>%30 k ak ?3%30% 8%?% H Cb~o}}hk~h Cb~o}}hk~h fka ^k%
S{pk~ovo ao aheko fkh v~heck~ojkevh ao ioevk~ho p~{sshoeo sh gkvvþ he oyoevh! fhyhfkefbsh he f{k v~becbeh% Ao ioevk~ho ekjhco svoyo phkgoefb yk~sb ao ab~b fksv~o jkev~k foyoevh o ab~b sh v~byoyo {eo aheko fh coyoaak~ho% Dogke phkgþ yk~sb fksv~o! cbe ]{jm{egke! jkev~k Svhaake p~bskg{á i~bevoajkevk cbev~b h ~kpo~vh ekjhch% Sh v~ovvoyo fkaao N~hgovo Nbeekyoa! cdk k~o oaao fksv~o fkaao aheko fh coyoaak~ho cdk sbsvkekyo q{kaao fh ioevk~ho< sh k~o oppbgghovo oaao Sv{~o! fhkv~b ha ^kgghjkevb ao Jo~heo 7>% Ha n~hgofhk~k fh coyoaak~ho jo~cdksk fh Nbeekyoa! ghà Jksv~k fka Cojp fka ^kgghjkevb C{h~osshk~s f{ ^bh! sh k~o oyyhcheovb fh {e ckevheohb fh jkv~h pk~ sbsvkek~k ao p~bp~ho ioevk~ho he c~ksckevk fhiihcbavà% V{vvoyho ebe k~o ~h{schvb o kyhvo~k ha c~baab fkaao aheko k b~o h p~{sshoeh sh j{bykyoeb yk~sb fh a{h% Fkchsk fh co~hco~k ha ekjhcb! oecdk pk~cdè a‘b~fhek fh ~hvh~ovo ebe shgehihcoyo {e skjpahck fhkv~b*i~bev! jo oy~knnk fby{vb io~ ybavo~k h coyoaah k ~hib~jo~k h ~oegdh! bii~kefb ha ihoecb k ao ~kv~bg{o~fho of {e ekjhcb hjnoafoe}hvb foa s{cckssb cdk svoyo oyoe}oefb yk~sb fh a{h% Ao co~hco ebe k~o q{kaao cb~so scbjpogheovo b fhsb~fheovo cdk e{jk~bsk vkak k ao ihe}hbek chekjovbg~oihco ch doeeb onhv{ovb o ykfk~k< k~o {e cbjpakssb ghbcb fh vkjpb*fhsvoe}k% H ~oegdh fbykyoeb ~hjoek~k ha phø pbsshnhak cbksh v~o fh ab~b! h coyoahk~h coyoacoyoeb o cbevovvb fh ghebccdho< q{ksvo fhspbsh}hbek k~o fkvvo ke j{~ohaak% A‘kiikvvb yhshyb fbykyo kssk~k opp{evb q{kaab fh {eo hjjoek j{~ogaho fh {bjheh k coyoaah cdk sh oyyhcheoyo oa ekjhcb% J{bykefb oaa‘ovvoccb ah sq{of~beh oyoe}oyoeb scdhk~ovh s{ v~k ihak% P~hjo oa possb! po ssb! pbh oa v~bvvb akggk~b oyykehyo a‘oyyhcheojkevb% a‘o yyhcheojkevb% Gh{evh o n~kyk fhsvoe}o! ch~co ;0 jkv~h! h v~k ~oegdh cbevkjpb~oekojkevk spo~oyoeb cbev~b ha ekjhcb cbe ak o~jh he ab~b fbvo}hbek! co~onhek b phsvbak% _{ksvo sco~hco fh i{chak~ho oy~knnk fby{vb scbjpogheo~k ak ihak fka ekjhcb< spofo oaao joeb oyykehyo o q{ksvb p{evb ao co~hco% A‘{iihchoak cbjoefoevk fh ~kpo~vb g~hfoyo O jbh/ k foyo cbsá ha skgeoak fkaao co~hco! ~hpb~vovb o v{vvh h ~oegdh foa s{beb fkaak v~bjnk% H coyoahk~h! joevkekefb ha phø ph ø pbsshnhak ao cbkshbek v~o fh ab~b! foyoeb fh sp~bek k phbjnoyoeb s{a ekjhcb% H coyoahk~h fbykyoeb ~h{sch~k o v~byo~k fkh yo~cdh ekaak ahekk fkaao ioevk~ho oyyk~so~ho< cbsá iockefb pbvkyoeb scbjpogheo~k ab scdhk~ojkevb oyyk~so~hb oyyk~so~hb k heh}ho~k of hegoggho~k hegoggho~k {eo sk~hk fh f{kaah v~o shegbah hefhyhf{h b fh phccbah g~{pph< ao jkakè % _{ksvb sk ha ekjhcb ebe sh k~o eka i~ovvkjpb ~hvh~ovb% [g{oajkevk oyykehyoeb ak co~hcdk cbev~b ao ioevk~ho< a‘ossoavb fkaao v~{ppo o coyoaab ghbcoyo p~hechpoajkevk s{ {e iovvb~k pshcbabghcb! bssho cdk ha ioevk ebe so~knnk svovb he g~ofb fh ~hjoek~k oa s{b pbsvb jkev~k ao josso fh coyoaah ykehyo aoechovo oa goabppb% He shv{o}hbeh eb~joah {e coyoaab oa goabppb ebe p{evo fh~kvvojkevk s{ {e bsvocbab cdk p{þ soavo~k b s{pk~o~k sco~voefb fh aovb% Oaab svkssb jbfb ebe ä he g~ofb fh soavo~k eè fh hefhyhf{o~k {e yo~cb he {eb scdhk~ojkevb cbjpovvb fh {bjheh< voevb jkeb sh p~kchphvk~à yk~sb q{kaao sb~vo fh bsvocbab! byyhojkevk pk~hcbabsb! ~opp~kskevovb foaao skayo fh nohbekvvk onnossovk% F‘oav~b coevb {e {bjb kyhvk~à fh jkvvk~sh s{a pk~cb~sb fh {e coyoaab oa goabppb< i{ggh~à! sh jkvvk~à oa ~hpo~b! k sbavoevb sk do ek~yh kcck}hbeoajkevk sbahfh k so foyyk~b cbjk joekggho~k ak 7? 7>
p~bp~hk o~jh! ~hjo~~à fbyk sh v~byo% Chþ ebe vbgahk cdk hechfkevh occofoeb% [bjheh cdk ioeeb joak h ab~b coacbah b shoeb pbcb ~ophfh k coyoaah snoaksv~ovh b hjnh}}o~~hvh kiikvvhyojkevk sh scbev~oeb! k h ~hs{avovh sbeb sphockybah q{osh {ehcojkevk pk~ a‘{bjb% Ao ioevk~ho ykehyo offksv~ovo o ‑~hckyk~k‚ ao coyoaak~ho! bssho of ovvkefk~k o phä ik~jb ha ekjhcb k o ebe io~sh p~kefk~k foa poehcb! k h coyoaah o ab~b ybavo k~oeb offksv~ovh o co~hco~k gah bsvocbah! k ao p~hechpoak i{e}hbek fka coyoahk~k cbeshsvkyo p~bp~hb ekaa‘bnnahgo~k gah oehjoah o io~ab! ebebsvoevk cdk ao ab~b eov{~o kf hsvhevb yh sh ~hnkaaossk~b% Sk cbe ‑a‘{~vb‚ ao coyoaak~ho ~h{schyo o pkekv~o~k ovv~oyk~sb ak ihao oyyk~so~hk {cchfkefb {e ck~vb e{jk~b fh oyyk~so~h k o ybagk~k he i{go gah hjpo{~hvh s{pk~svhvh! ha ‑p~hechphb f‘o~jh‚ fkaao coyoaak~ho! ‑a‘{~vb‚ opp{evb! oykyo oy{vb phkeb s{cckssb% O ~hgb~ fh vk~jheh! chþ cdk coyoaak~ho heiahggkyo k~o phø pshcbabghcb cdk ihshcb< {e yhshnhak snoefojkevb v~o h ~oegdh fkh ioevh he ovvkso! s{iihchkevk o sp~beo~k h coyoaakggk~h f{~oevk gah {avhjh ;0 jkv~h! {eo sco~hco fh i{chak~ho cdk possossk sbp~o ak ab~b vksvk! o ~hp~byo fkaa‘hefkchshbek fka ekjhcb! q{hefh a‘hjp~byyhsb ykeh~ jkeb fkaao ~hsba{vk}}o fh q{ksvb k ao scbjpo~so fkaa‘b~fhek% Kf kccb ha novvogahbek fh ioevk~ho v~osib~jo~sh he g~kggk! gh~o~k ak scdhkek! ak vksvk hecossovk! i{ggkefb oaao fhspk~ovo fh i~bevk oh nke phø ~ophfh }bccbah fkh coyoahk~h= voak! he vkb~ho! oy~knnk fby{vb kssk~k a‘kiikvvb fh {eo co~hco fka gkek~k% Jo sk ao ioevk~ho ebe i{gghyo k sh joevkekyo cbkso ao scbeihvvo fkh coyoahk~h k~o p~ovhcojkevk ck~vo% Cbsá h p~{sshoeh oii~bevo~beb ao coyoaak~ho he o~~hyb! ebe ckfkvvk~b k ikck~b i{bcb o fhsvoe}o ~oyyhcheovo cbev~b ha ekjhcb< h ~kpo~vh i~oecksh sh ik~jo~beb! hefhkv~kggho~beb! po~vk sh heco~vo~beb yk~sb fksv~o b shehsv~o k! oe}h! i{~beb p{~k cbev~ovvoccovh% H coyoahk~h i~oecksh cdk ebe k~oeb svovh {cchsh foa i{bcb fkh ioevh! b snoa}ovh foaak coyoacov{~k! i{~beb cbsv~kvvh o ~hvh~o~sh% Oac{ek cbjpogehk i{~beb ~hfbvvk o joa po~vhvb foaao i{chak~ho< {e sk~yhvb~k fka ^kgghjkevb fkh Cb~ochk~h ~hik~hsck fh ebe kssk~yh ~ksvovh cdk v~kevo sbafovh fh q{ka ^kghjkevb! jo ga‘oav~h ykef{vo co~o ao s{o yhvo 73% Ha ~ksvb fkaao n~hgovo! h 6 sq{of~beh fkh ^kgghjkevh Ao N~kvo{cdk k Ao Yo{poahè~k ! sh ~hvh~þ yk~sb Pb! jkev~k h 3 sq{of~beh fka ^kgghjkevb C{h~osshk~s f{ ^bh ~hvh~oefbsh phkgo~beb oaao ab~b fksv~o! fbyk sh ~hv~byo~beb cbe h s{pk~svhvh fka ^kgghjkevb ^bxoa*^b{sshaabe cdk k~o oppkeo svovb ~ksphevb s{aao aheko fkh v~heck~ojkevh foa ^kgghjkevb fh ioevk~ho hjpk~hoak Jothjhahoe Svo~dkjnk~g % Pk~ ha jbjkevb! pk~þ! ao N~hgovo Svhaake ebe oyoe}þ bav~k% Ha jo~cdksk fh Nbeekyoa! ha c{h coyoaab k~o svovb {cchsb! i{ ch~cbefovb fo {e g~{ppb fh g~oeovhk~h {egdk~ksh! h q{oah! sbp~oyhss{vh oa p~hjb soeg{hebsb ovvoccb cbev~b ak ahekk i~oecksh! ebe k~oeb jbavb p~bpkesh o io~k p~hghbehk~h% Pk~ s{o ib~v{eo i{ ~hcbebsch{vb fo s{b i~ovkaab jheb~k Cao{fk Oaktoef~k fk Nbeekyoa cdk! oa cbjoefb fkaao p~bp~ho n~hgovo fh ioevk~ho oaakovo cdk oykyo ovv~oyk~sovb pbcb p~hjo ha v~heck~ojkevb! gah soayþ ao yhvo 76% Ha jo~cdksk i{ pb~vovb foyoevh oa Shgeb~ ha F{co fh Soybho! q{ksvb P~hechpk cdk oykyo yhsvb ha yhgb~k fka s{b ^kgghjkevb! k ao s{o n{beo joeby~o! k gah ikck h cbjpahjkevh 7;% He q{ka jkev~k ao co~hco fkaao N~hgovo Nbeekaaks k~o svovo ~ksphevo fo pbcb k ao coyoaak~ho oaakovo occhegkyo o fhsv~{ggk~k h ~ksvh fkaao coyoaak~ho ghgahovo% 8%>% Ao co~hco fka ^kgghjkevb ^bxoa ^b{sshaabe k ao e{byo aheko fh fhikso i~oecksk%
Ao jovvheo fka 7 skvvkjn~k {e oh{voevk fh cojpb fka f{co fh B~aèoes ~oggh{esk ha jo~kschoaab fh cojpb Mè~öjk* I~oeçbhs A‘Èc{xk~! cbjvk fk J{~kv! cbe a‘b~fhek fh pb~vo~k hjjkfhovojkevk h 3 novvogahbeh oa s{b cbjoefb bav~k ha Pb k ~oggh{egk~k ao aheko fh ch~cbeyoaao}hbek v~o Sv{~o k Fb~o ^hpo~ho% Ch ybaak oajkeb {e‘b~o pk~ ~h{eh~k gah {bjheh k pk~ ~oggh{egk~k ao ~hyo shehsv~o fka ih{jk% [eo ybavo o~~hyovh! sh v~ovvoyo oaao ihek fh f{k sbah novvogahbeh fkh ^kgghjkevh Nko{ybhshs k Nk~~x! Fk J{~kv b~fheþ ab~b fh oyoe}o~k s{ Jofbeeo fh Cojpogeo% A{h! fo sbab k phø ykabckjkevk fkh s{bh {bjheh hecbabeeovh! p~bskg{á pk~ ksojheo~k ab svovb fkaak cbsk< skevhh jkev~k jo~choyb {e g~oe i{bcb oh ebsv~h v~heck~ojkevh! cdk jh ikck oefo~k fh g~oe co~~hk~o% Gh{evb aà ebvþ cbe b~~b~k cdk ao coyoaak~ho fka ekjhcb k~o ghà possovo s{a nb~fb nb~f b fkaao Sv{~o k cdk ao ioevk~ho k~o soahvo s{a po~opkvvb% p o~opkvvb% ^oggh{esk {eb fkgah sq{of~beh fka ^kgghjkevb ^bxoa*^b{sshaabe k sh jhsk oaao s{o vksvo% Ao shv{o}hbek fkaao coyoaak~ho ebe k~o pk~þ fkaak phø iochah< foa cbjoefb ebe gh{egkyoeb phø b~fheh k ao N~hgovo Nbeekyoa k~o hjpkgeovo he cbjnovvhjkevb% Ao Cdovko{jb~oev! fbpb h cbjnovvhjkevh oh g{ofh fh Sv{~o cbe gah {sso~h hjpk~hoah! k~o hjpkgeovo o ~hb~goeh}}o~sh k o vkek~k o nofo h ; novvogahbeh p~{sshoeh fh Svhaake% ^hjoekyoeb fhspbehnhah ak N~hgovk Nbeekaaks k Nb{}b{as! pk~ {e vbvoak fh ?3 sq{of~beh! f{k fkh q{oah fh f~ogbeh% Ao yhcheo N~hgovo Lk~lofb k h s{bh 4 sq{of~beh k~o hjpkgeovo oaao fhikso fka ckev~b fkaao aheko k ebe sh so~knnk jbsso 79% Fk J{~kv ~oggh{esk ha cbjoefb fkaao N~hgovo Nbeekaaks! k sh ~ksk p~ksvb cbevb cdk gah {iihchoah fh coyoaak~ho k~oeb ph{vvbsvb f{nnhbsh s{a fo io~sh! spkchk ekaao cbei{shbek k ekaao cbechvo}hbek fka jbjkevb% Hecb~ogghþ h p~kskevh k ah cbeyhesk o co~hco~k ha ekjhcb% Ao N~hgovo Nbeekaaks po~vá oaao co~hco! jo ao N~hgovo Nb{}bas! cdk k~o oa s{b ihoecb! heykck sh ~hvh~þ% Sbab {eb sq{of~bek fka ^kgghjkevb No~vhaaov ~hjosk oa s{b pbsvb k po~vkchpþ oaa‘ovvoccb% I{~beb cbsá sbab 4 gah sq{of~beh cdk oyoe}o~beb cbev~b gah oaakovh% Ao aheko fh ioevk~ho oaakovo k~o he q{ka jbjkevb fhyhso he v~k g~{pph% ]{jm{egke k Dogke! fbpb oyk~ sibefovb ao aheko fkh v~heck~ojkevh! svoyoeb phkgoefb o fksv~o oaa‘heskg{hjkevb fkaao ioevk~ho i~oecksk cdk sh svoyo ~hvh~oefb s{ Jofbeeo fh Cojpogeo! Svhaake k~o oyoe}ovb cbev~b ao N~hgovo Nbeekyoa cdk ab svoyo co~hcoefb% Ao N~hgovo oaakovo 73
GHGAHB*VBS! Fh v~k akvvk~k hekfhvk chv%! p%9% B{y~ks cdbhsks ahvvk~oh~ks! dhsvb~hq{ks kv jhahvoh~ks f{ jà~kcdoa P~heck fk Ahgek! Gheky~o ?408! p% >74% 7; Jkjbh~ks fk ao fk~ehk~k g{k~~k he Hvoahk chv%! p% ??9% 79 Ebe sh jbssk ekpp{~k q{oefb oecdk ha ckev~b k ha f{co fh B~aäoes gah b~fheo~beb fh sbsvkek~k ao aheko% Ha cbjoefoevk fka ~kpo~vb! ha n~hgofhk~k Shgeb~k Fk Lk~lofb! ghà joaovb! jb~á pk~ ak ik~hvk s{nhvk f{~oevk ak iosh fkaao ~hvh~ovo% PKAKV! Jkjbh~ks jhahvoh~ks chv%! p% 9;8< Mb{~eoa f{ Jo~q{hs fk Foegko{! p{nahè ke kevhk~ pb{~ ao p~kjhk~k ibhs po~ JJ% K{f% Sb{ahè kv A% F{sshk{t! oykc aks offhvhbes heèfhvks f{ F{c fk Sohev*Shjbe p{nahèks po~ J% Ik{haakv f k Cbecdks! Vbjb TH! Po~hs ?4;7! pp% >0;! >?>% [e oav~b Lk~lofb k~o jb~vb ha 30 ogbsvb ?709 ekaak v~heckk fka i~bevk f‘ovvoccb% OJB^KVVH! JKEHKVVH! Vb~heb ?709 chv%! p% ?;4% 76
Nbeekyoa svoyo s{pk~oefb ha v~heck~ojkevb oaa‘oavk}}o fka vk~}b ~kfoe! skg{kefb h ~kpo~vh fh ]{jm{egke! q{oefb gah i{ b~fheovb fh aoscho~k h > novvogahbeh fka ^kgghjkevb Jothjhahoe Svo~dkjnk~g o p~kshfhb fka v~ovvb v~o ha vk~}b kf ha skcbefb ~kfoe% Oecb~o fhkv~b! ao coyoaak~ho! si~{vvoefb h yo~cdh cdk h phbehk~h oykyoeb opk~vb eka v~heck~ojkevb! sh occhegkyo o s{pk~o~k a‘bsvocbab% I{ oaab~o cdk ykeek sik~~ovb a‘ovvoccb fkaao N~hgovo Nbeekaaks% Bvvb sq{of~beh co~hco~beb h ~kpo~vh p~{sshoeh fh Dogke cdk sh svoyoeb j{bykefb! ~hspkvvb oh coyoahk~h i~oecksh! fo fksv~o yk~sb shehsv~o% He q{ksvb cosb ‑a‘{~vb‚ knnk phkeb s{cckssb k h p~{sshoeh sh snoefo~beb% H i~oecksh heskg{h~beb h ~kpo~vh he i{go sheb oa v~heck~ojkevb! covv{~oefb ab~b oecdk {eo noefhk~o% Ha P~hechpk K{gkehb occb~sk oa fhsb~fhek< k oii~kvvovh h g{osvovb~h! pk~cdè ojpahossk~b h possoggh! q{oefb ah yhfk oaao~govh sphesk ha Gkek~oak Yhscbevh cbe h Cb~o}}hk~h! k cb‘ F~ogbeh Vkfkscdh o coyoaab cbev~o ao coyoaak~ho fkaak F{k Cb~bek 77% Pb~voefbsh ekaao p~hjhsshjo aheko pk~ ~hib~jo~k h ~oegdh k hecb~oggho~k h sbafovh! ~hscdhþ he q{ksvo bccoshbek fh kssk~k {cchsb< ha P~hechpk K{gkehb! sbvvbpbsvb oa jkfkshjb i{bcb! cbe ha phø skjpahck sbafovb! p~byþ cbjk ab~b ao yhbake}o \fka cbjnovvhjkevbZ 74% V~k pk}}h f‘o~vhgahk~ho nke pbsvovh \h pk}}h covv{~ovh s{a v~heck~ojkevb k shsvkjovh s{a ihoecb shehsv~o fkaao coyoaak~ho i~oeckskZ o~~ksvoeb h co~onhehk~h i~oecksh cdk! ske}o q{ksvb! oy~knnk~b joav~ovvovb h jhkh cb~o}}hk~h k ao jho ioevk~ho% I{ opp{evb eka ~oeebfo~k q{kaao \ao ioevk~hoZ cdk k~o ghà svovo scbsso! cdk {eb fkh jhkh poggh ykeek {cchsb fhkv~b o jk k cdk ha jhb coyoaab ik~hvb fo {e cbapb fh co~onheo jh ~bykschþ he {e ibssb% Jh sh c~kfkvvk jb~vb k sh fhck cdk q{ksvb ikck pk~ q{oacdk jbjkevb q{oacdk kiikvvb s{aak v~{ppk% A‘b~fhek cdk fhkfh jbevoefb o coyoaab cbpk~vb fh pbayk~k! fh ioegb k fh soeg{k! oa ~kgghjkevb fh Svo~dkjnk~g fh io~k {eo sco~hco s{aao coyoaak~ho i~oecksk! eè sno~o}}b ao jho ioevk~ho cdk sh joevkeek eka v~ovvb fkaao aheko cdk oykyo ib~}ovb 78% Ha P~hechpk K{gkehb! iockefb skgeb cbe ha coppkaab cdk ebe oykyo ~hcky{vb ik~hvk 40! ~hoa}ovbsh k e{byojkevk o coyoaab! sh k~o ~ophfojkevk ~kcovb p~kssb ha ^kgghjkevb Jothjhahoe Svo~dkjnk~g scdhk~ovb s{a v~heck~ojkevb cdk sh svoyo p~kpo~oefb ‑of occbgahk~k‚ ha ekjhcb% Oykyo p~kssb fh sè h v~k pk}}h f‘o~vhgahk~ho cojpoak cdk oykyoeb ~heyke{vb s{a vk~}b ~kfoe k cdk b~o oykyoeb ybavovb cbev~b ha ekjhcb 4?% Ao coyoaak~ho i~oecksk ekaa‘heskg{hjkevb fkh i{gghoscdh oykyo pk~sb n{beo po~vk fkaao ab~b cbkshbek% Hebav~k a‘oyoe}ovo fkaao N~hgovo Nbeekaaks k~o he aheko ~kvvo< k~o hjpbsshnhak! {eo ybavo fkchsb a‘ovvoccb! io~ joeby~o~k h ~kpo~vh! scdhk~ovh he q{ksvb cosb s{ {e i~bevk fh ch~co 3;0 jkv~h! o fksv~o b o shehsv~o! b io~ cojnho~k ab~b hjp~byyhsojkevk fh~k}hbek% Gh{evh oa v~heck~ojkevb h coyoahk~h i~oecksh sh ik~jo~beb! ojjossoefbsh foyoevh oh ~hoa}h fh vk~~o cdk ebe i{~beb he g~ofb fh s{pk~o~k! nk~sogahovh foaa‘o~vhgahk~ho cdk c dk gah oaakovh oykyoeb covv{~ovb% P~bp~hb he q{ka jkev~k h f{k novvogahbeh hjpk~hoah fka Jothjhahoe Svo~dkjnk~g ! cdk oykyoeb iovvb cbe kcck}hbeoak vkjphsjb cbeyk~shbek oaao ab~b shehsv~o! oyoe}o~beb k! o fhsvoe}o ~oyyhcheovo! op~h~beb ha i{bcb cbev~b ao josso fkh coyoahk~h% Ha Jksv~k fk Cojp fka ^bxoa*^b{sshaabe ! ha jo~cdksk fh Nbeekaaks! pk~sk ao yhvo he q{ka jbjkevb% Ha jo~kschoaab fh cojpb Fk J{~kv! cdk ebe k~o oaahekovb ekaao cbjpovvo josso fh coyoahk~h! pbvè bssk~yo~k cbso oyykeek< He q{ka jbjkevb ao cbabeeo fh ioevk~ho ekjhco k~o kev~ovo s{aao ebsv~o shehsv~o! k! ebe oykefb v~byovb ha ebsv~b ihoecb cbpk~vb fo e{aao! pk~cdè ao ebsv~o ioevk~ho sh ~hvh~oyo! ch vh~þ {eo soayo o n~{chopkab! k bnnahgþ ao ebsv~o coyoaak~ho o sjkvvk~k fh heskg{h~k h ekjhch k o ~hvh~o~sh hefhkv~b% H i~oecksh! novv{vh! sh ~hvh~o~beb fhsb~fheovojkevk% Sbab gah sq{of~beh cdk k~oeb ~hjosvh phø s{aao fksv~o sh k~oeb soayovh foaao g~oefhek fh cbaph cdk k~o o~~hyovo ab~b foa ihoecb shehsv~b% Ao n~hgovo k~o ske}o phø cbjoefb k h yo~h ~kpo~vh! oajkeb q{kaah cdk oykyoeb joevke{vb {eo ck~vo cbkshbek! ck~co~beb he q{oacdk jbfb scojpb! oecdk pk~cdè eka i~ovvkjpb ha P~hechpk K{gkehb svoyo p~kpo~oefb ha s{b ovvoccb cbev~b h ~ksvh fkaao coyoaak~ho i~oecksk% Fk J{~kv sh yhfk sbab k ske}o ~hsb~sk s{ q{ka aovb! oefoh yk~sb shehsv~o \bssho yk~sb o Sv{~o! pbhcdè sh svo ~hvh~oefbZ fbyk {e‘oav~o cbabeeo fh coyoaak~ho \ha ^kgghjkevb C{h~osshk~s f{ ^bhZ svoyo oyoe}oefb g~o}hk oa iovvb cdk ao sv~ofo k~o sgbjn~o fkaao ab~b ioevk~ho! cbjk db oy{vb a‘beb~k fh fh~k% Pk~ pbvk~ ~oggh{egk~k ao ebsv~o \ioevk~hoZ cdk cbevhe{oyo o ~hvh~o~sh! i{ ekcksso~hb posso~k v~o f{k sq{of~beh ekjhch \fkaao N~hgovo G~kykefb~i cdk sh svoyo spbsvoefb he oyoevhZ ! ! cbso cdk ikch! k ~oggh{esh ao N~hgovo Ao Jo~hek k O{yk~gek 4>% H ~ksvh fka ^bxoa ^b{sshaabe ! ~hvh~oefbsh sh hecbev~o~beb cbe chþ cdk ~hjoekyo fka ^kgghjkevb C{h~osshk~s f{ ^bh% Heshkjk hecbjhecho~beb of oiia{h~k yk~sb Jofbeeo fh Cojpogeo! possoefb ovv~oyk~sb ak jogahk fkaao coyoaak~ho oaakovo cdk sh svoyo j{bykefb yk~sb ha Pb< Ha ^kgghjkevb Cb~o}}hk~h fka ^k\%%%Z ^k\ %%%Z i{ ~oggh{evb oa s{b ~hvb~eb foa ^kgghjkevb ^bxoa ^b{sshaabe Coyoaak~hk! cdk ~ksk~b v{vvk k f{k pk~ q{oacdk jbjkevb ha fksvheb fkaao ebsv~o fksv~o heck~vb! sheb o q{oefb ebe i{~beb ch~cbefovh ske}o spk~oe}o fh sbccb~sb! sh ~hvh~o~beb he cbsá n{be b~fhek! cdk \ha ekjhcbZ ebe bsþ hev~op~kefk~k e{aao cbev~b fh ab~b 43% Hevb~eb oaak ?3 ao ioevk~ho oaakovo s{aao fksv~o k~o fh e{byb scdhk~ovo s{h v~heck~ojkevh i~oecksh cdk oykyo ksp{geovb% _{h h ~kpo~vh cdk k~oeb svovh scbssh foaao co~hco i~oecksk i{~beb ~hb~goeh}}ovh k ~hoaahekovh! he ovvkso cdk sh cbeca{fkssk ab scbev~b fkaao coyoaak~ho cdk sh k~o eka i~ovvkjpb syha{ppovb v~o ao aheko fh cbev~byoaao}hbek k ab Sv{~o% He q{ka jbjkevb! pk~þ! a‘kshvb fkaao novvogaho ebe k~o phø he ib~sk! jo k~o sbab {eo q{ksvhbek fh vkjpb% [eo n~hgovo fh ioevk~ho! q{kaao fh Nbeekyoa! jo~choefb s{h v~heck~ojkevh b~joh sgbjn~h fh ekjhch! i{ spbsvovo s{aa‘oao fksv~o pk~ ao spoaaovo iheoak cbev~b A{ckevb%
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C% POBAKVVH! Ha P~hechpk K{gkehb fh Soybho! ^bjo >00?! p% 3?>% Jkjbh~ks fk ao Fk~ehk~k G{k~~k he Hvoahk chv%! p% ??6< PKAKV! Jkjbh~ks jhahvoh~ks chv%! p% 974< SBAO^B! Mb{~eoa Dhsvb~hq{k chv%! p% ?33% 78 C% OSS[J! K{gkehb fh Soybho! Vb~heb ?833! p% ?;0% 40 Vdk Jhahvo~x Dhsvb~x chv%! p% ?64% 4? H ekjhch e kjhch oykyoeb aoschovb fkev~b q{ka ~kfoe v~k pk}}h fh coeebek cdk ykegbeb ykegbe b p{evovh! p{e vovh! ha phø p~ksvb p ~ksvb pbsshnhak! cbev~b fh ab~b%SBAO^B! Mb{~eoa Dhsvb~hq{k chv%! p% ?36% 4> Akvvk~o fka jo~kschoaab fh cojpb J{~kv oa jhehsv~b Cdojhaao~v% JKEGHE! ^kaovhbe f{ Shègk fk V{~he chv%! pp% >7;*>74% 43 Jkjbh~ks fk ao Fk~ehk~k G{k~~k f‘Hvoahk chv%! p% ??9% 74
8%3% A‘ovvoccb fkaao coyoaak~ho oaakovo%
Ha f{co oykyo ~hscdhovb fh kssk~k {cchsb% F{~oevk a‘ovvoccb oh v~heck~ojkevh {e cbapb fh coeebek oykyo v~oechovb ha n~occhb fksv~b oa cbabeekaab p~{sshoeb Sohev*Dhppbaxvk cdk oykyo ao i{e}hbek fh oh{voevk fh cojpb k cdk svoyo o coyoaab oaao fksv~o fh Yhvvb~hb Ojkfkb 46% Sh k~o pbh ~kcovb oaak spoaak fkaao N~hgovo ]{jm{egke oa jbjkevb fkaab sibefojkevb fkaao aheko i~oecksk% Oykyo yhsvb h ekjhch onnoefbeo~k h v~heck~ojkevh k s{nhvb sh k~o fh~kvvb oa vk~}b ~kfoe% _{h ab scoyb k~o svovb onnosvoe}o opp~bibefhvb k ao s{o coyoacov{~o ebe ~h{scá o s{pk~o~k a‘bsvocbab% Sjbevþ fo coyoaab pk~ o~~ojphco~sh s{a po~opkvvb fkaao ib~vhihco}hbek! skg{hvb fo yo~h {iihchoah% Oa fh aà fkaao aheko pbvè osshsvk~k oaa‘{avhjb s h sbeb vkevovhyb i~oecksk fh yheck~k ao ghb~eovo< Hevoevb S%O%^% ~hjbevo o coyoaab k cbjk sh ~kefk cbevb cdk h ekjhch sh gkvvovh po~vk s{aao ab~b fksv~o cbev~b ao ebsv~o shehsv~o \q{ksvb ä a‘ovvoccb fkaao N~hgovo NbeekyoaZ ! po~vk fkaao ab~b shehsv~o cbev~b ao ebsv~o fksv~o \q{ksvb ä a‘ovvoccb fkaao N~hgovo NbeekaaksZ ! k cdk q{kaah fka ckev~b sh svoeeb ~hvh~oefb \q{ksvo ä ao ioevk~ho he ~hvh~ovo s{ Jofbeeo fh CojpogeoZ! cb~~k s{aao shehsv~o! fbyk h ekjhch skjn~oeb io~k jogghb~ ~kshsvke}o% V~byo {eb sq{of~bek fkaak s{k g{o~fhk fka cb~pb \Go~fks f{ Cb~pZ k f{k fkh f~ogbeh fka s{b ~kgghjkevb \F~ogbeh fh S%O%^%Z cdk sh svoeeb ~of{eoefb oa fh aà fka v~heck~ojkevb! sh jkvvk oaao ab~b vksvo! sh scogaho s{h ekjhch p~kefkefbah s{a ihoecb 4;% V~o Jofbeeo fh Cojpogeo k ao Sv{~o ao coyoaak~ho ghgahovo vkevþ fh ~hb~goeh}}o~sh< h ?7 sq{of~beh fkaak N~hgovk Cdovko{jb~oef $7(! Shjhoek $;( k Nb{}bas $;( k~oeb oecb~o hevovvh% Bav~k o q{ksvk ib~}k c‘k~oeb h ~ksvh fh f{k n~hgovk! Nbeekyoa k Nbeekaaks! 8 sq{of~beh he iosk fh ~hb~goeh}}o}hbek% Ha P~hechpk K{gkehb cbev~b q{ksvk ib~}k svoyo p~kpo~oefb {e yk~b k p~bp~hb cbapb fh g~o}ho% I{~beb cbeckev~ovk ak N~hgovk fka Gkek~oak fh Coyoaak~ho Yhscbevh! >9 sq{of~beh fkaak N~hgovk Ioalkesvkhe $??(! Jbeosvk~bab $8( k G~oykefb~i $9( k v{vvo ao skcbefo aheko fh coyoaak~ho oa cbjoefb fka Gkek~oak fh Coyoaak~ho fk Aoegoaak~hk< oav~h 6; sq{of~beh s{ffhyhsh v~o ak N~hgovk She}k~fb~ii $?>(! Vb~ebe $8(! Novvèk f oa Shgeb~ $4(! Whsk~ $6( k ^khsheg $?>(% Ao coyoaak~ho i~oecksk i{ fh e{byb ik~bckjkevk co~hcovo foaab svkssb Yhscbevh! k foa fh Aoegoaak~hk cbaao skcbefo aheko! oe}h foaab svkssb F{co fh Soybho! cdk oaao vksvo fk‘ F~ogbeh k fkaak G{o~fhk Phkjbevksh p{geoyo cbe o~fb~k% Ha jogghb~ e{jk~b fh gkevk o coyoaab bpp~kssk ha jheb~k! k ao Coyoaak~ho Goaahspoeo fkaao f~hvvo! ~bvvo cbe hsv~ogk! k cbe p~hghbeho fk‘ Coph! sk ek i{ggá! po~vk fh aà fkaao Fb~o! po~vk ovv~oyk~sb ao Sv{~o o Chyossb! k pbh s{a Jhaoeksk 49% Fo {e p{evb fh yhsvo sv~kvvojkevk e{jk~hcb! v~o h f{k scdhk~ojkevh ebe pbvkyo kssk~ch ossba{vojkevk cbei~bevb% Ha P~hechpk K{gkehb oykyo cbeckev~ovb cbev~b >9 sq{of~beh fh coyoaak~ho! 8 fkh q{oah k~oeb ghà svovh hjpkgeovh he cbjnovvhjkevb k scbeihvvh! q{oacbso cbjk 7? sq{of~beh! oaa‘hech~co ha 70+ fkaao coyoaak~ho oaakovo fhspbehnhak% V~o q{ksvh yh k~oeb 7 ~kgghjkevh fh cb~o}}hk~h hjpk~hoah! pk~ {e vbvoak fh >9 sq{of~beh% Kq{hpogghovh cbe {e pksoevk kajb k {eo cb~o}}o cdk cbp~hyo ab~b ha vb~ock k ao scdhkeo! g~o}hk o q{ksvk p~bvk}hbeh gbfkyoeb eka cbjnovvhjkevb sk~~ovb fh {e yoevogghb vovvhcb ebvkybak s{h ~kpo~vh i~oecksh% Ao coyoaak~ho oaakovo ovvoccþ pk~ sibefo~k ha e{byb i~bevk ekjhcb< he oav~k po~bak oy~knnk vkevovb fh spo}}o~ yho q{kh ~kpo~vh fh coyoaak~ho cdk sh v~byoyoeb s{aao s{o fh~kvv~hck% O cbjoefo~k q{ksvk ib~}k! pk~þ! ebe c‘k~o ha f{co fh Soybho% Ha P~hechpk K{gkehb fhkfk ha cbjoefb fkaao coyoaak~ho fkaa‘oao fksv~o oa gkek~oak fh Coyoaak~ho Oeehnoak Yhscbevh! ha q{oak kskg{á pk~ikvvojkevk gah b~fheh ~hcky{vh% Yhvvb~hb Ojkfkb g{hfþ he p~hjo pk~sbeo 3 sq{of~beh! cdk v~o a‘oav~b k~oeb p{~k sono{fh% Oa jbjkevb fkaab scbev~b! k~oeb ch~co ak ?3! h ~kpo~vh fh coyoaak~ho i~oecksh k~oeb ik~jh b q{osh! ph{vvbsvb pbcb fkshfk~bsh fh hjpkgeo~sh he cbjnovvhjkevb% Ao N~hgovo Nb{}bas {eo jk}}‘b~o p~hjo oykyo ~hih{vovb fh po~vkchpo~k oaao co~hco fkaao N~hgovo Nbeekaaks% He q{ka jbjkevb pk~þ sh yhfk~b cbsv~kvvh o cbjnovvk~k oajkeb pk~ g{ofogeo~k {e jhehjb fh vkjpb k spo}hb pk~ pbvk~sh oaabevoeo~k hefhsv{~novh% P~hjo fh gh{egk~k o cbevovvb ak f{k scdhk~k sh scojnho~beb {eo sco~hco cbe ak p~bp~hk o~jh fo i{bcb< He q{ksvo bccoshbek o S%O%^% ykegbeb hefh~h}}ovh po~kccdh cbaph fh o~jo fo i{bcb 47% Ha pk~hcbab cb~sb foa f{co fh Soybho i{ pk~þ phø oppo~kevk cdk ~koak< He {e ~ogghb s{pk~hb~k oh cheq{oevo possh \?; jkv~hZ {e cbapb fh phsvbao k {eo phkv~o nke aoechovo doeeb ab svkssb kiikvvb% He {e cbjnovvhjkevb sk~~ovb {eo phsvbao sco~hco ä ske}o oac{eo {vhahvà ekaak po~ovk fh scdk~jo! k a‘{ehco cbso cdk sh p{þ io~k ä gkvvo~ao yho! pbhcdè sk ao ~hshsvkjh ekaao s{o ibefheo kf ksv~oh ao v{o spofo! pk~ ~hcbjpkeso ~hckyk~oh {e ikefkevk sbp~o ha v{b b~kccdhb% _{oefb ha p~hjb ~oegb op~k ha i{bcb cbe ak s{k q{o~oevo co~onhek! spkssb ebe yh ä yh ä {e shegbab cbapb jkssb o skgeb% Pbsshojb kssk~k sb~p~ksh2 Ebe sbab ao co~onheo ä v~bppb pksoevk pk~ kssk~k joekgghovo cbe {eo joeb sbao! jo ao v~{ppo fh sbahvb spo~o o a{ego fhsvoe}o q{oefb h
46
S{aak yhckefk fka cbabeekaab fh Sohev*Dhppbaxk! cdk sbp~oyyhssk oaao v~kjkefo ik~hvo! sh ykfo C% PHB FK JOGHSV^HS! Akvvk~k fh Yhvvb~hb Ojkfkb HH eka pk~hbfb fkaa‘osskfhb fh Vb~heb ?709 ! Vb~heb ?8?6! pp% ;9*;4! ebvo >! fbyk sbeb ~hpb~vovk ak Jkjbh~ks f{ Shk{~ fk Jbevbahk{! no~be fk S%v Dhppbaxvk cbevkeoev {e on~kgè aks p~hechpo{t kykekjkevs fk ao g{k~~k f{ Phèjbev% 4; SBAO^B! Mb{~eoa Dhsvb~hq{k chv%! p% ?36% F{~oevk h cbjnovvhjkevh cdk skg{h~beb h F~ogbeh fh S%O%^% covv{~o~beb h vhjnoaah of {e ~kgghjkevb i~oecksk! fkihehvb he skg{hvb Co~onhehk~h fh Shaaksak% Voak ~kpo~vb ebe sbab ebe ~hs{avo ekaa‘B~fhek fh Novvogaho Novvogaho i~oecksk fh Vb~heb! jo skjn~o cdk {e ~kpo~vb cbe voak vhvbab ebe sho joh kshsvhvb% P~bnonhajkevk sh v~ovvoyo fka ebjk fka cbjoefoevk fh cbjpogeho% H F~ogbeh fh S%O%^%! pbh F~ogbeh fh S%J% foa >7 jo~}b ?7?3! knnk~b ha p~hyhakghb fh sbsvhv{h~k h vojn{~h! p~bp~h fkaao ab~b spkchoahvà! cbe h vhjnoaah covv{~ovh% Ha 3? fhckjn~k ?7>9! ykev‘oeeh fbpb ao novvogaho! i{ b~fheovo ao ab~b sbsvhv{}hbek cbe e{byh sv~{jkevh cbe v{vvh ah ib~ehjkevh k g{o~ehv{~k oaak jkfkjk ofhockevh% Ao sbsvhv{}hbek oyykeek a‘oeeb skg{kevk% S% OAKS! Ak ~kghk v~{ppk so~fk ?7;0*?773! Jhaoeb ?848! p% 64% 49 POBAKVVH! Ha P~hechpk K{gkehb chv%! p% 3?3% 47 SBAO^B! Mb{~eoa Dhsvb~hq{k chv%! p% ?36
coyoaah svoeeb goabppoefb k gah {bjheh ek sbeb scbssh! k ha nk~sogahb sh j{byk cbsá ykabckjkevk cdk ä onnosvoe}o hjpbsshnhak p~kefk ao gh{svo jh~o 44% H i~oecksh i{~beb co~hcovh i~bevoajkevk foaao josso fkh 94 sq{of~beh fh Yhscbevh k Aoegoaak~hk! jkev~k s{a ab~b ihoecb fksv~b ogh~beb h 3 oaak fh~kvvk fhpkefke}k fka f{co fh Soybho% Ekaa‘hjjogheo~hb cbaakvvhyb ab scbev~b v~o f{k cbev~oppbsvk ib~jo}hbeh fh coyoaak~ho oy~knnk fby{vb cbjpb~vo~k a‘hjpovvb v~o fkesk ib~jo}hbeh aoechovk of oavo ykabchvà! cba ~hs{avovb fh bvvkek~k {eo jhscdho cbei{so fh {bjheh k coyoaah gah {eh ojjossovh ogah oav~h! skjp~k phø p~kssovh k scdhocchovh joe joeb cdk h ~oegdh s{ccksshyh ykegbeb v~oscheovh foa p~bp~hb hjpkvb offbssb o q{kaah fh vksvo% Pk~ pbvk~ oii~bevo~k ha ekjhcb bccb~~kyo op~h~k h p~bp~h ~oegdh k hegoggho~k cbjnovvhjkevb shegbab! cbapb s{ cbapb! ioccho o ioccho% _{ksvo jbfoahvà fh ovvoccb kshgkyo! pk~ fkiheh}hbek! ha cbeskesb fh kev~ojnk ak po~vh fh novvk~sh k pk~jkvvk~k oaak ib~jo}hbeh fh coyoaak~ho fh ykeh~k oh ik~~h cb~vh he joehk~o kiihcock< _{oefb! v{vvoyho! h f{k sq{of~beh sbeb ib~jovh fo {bjheh k coyoacov{~k cdk doeeb {e‘{g{oak kspk~hke}o fh g{k~~o k sbeb {g{oajkevk nke offksv~ovh! ao co~hco sh sybagk cbjk skg{k – h ~oegdh cb~~beb a‘{eb yk~sb a‘oav~b! h coyoaah ck~coeb gah hevk~yoaah o ab~b cbeckssh! h coyoahk~h hegogghoeb {e cbjnovvhjkevb sk~~ovb! k ak ib~}k sbeb cbsá cbjpakvojkevk jhscdhovk cdk h f{k sq{of~beh sh ovv~oyk~soeb kf kjk~gbeb eka ~kv~b fh chosc{eb% Ekaao jhscdho ha cbjnovvhjkevb ä fkchsb foh coyoaah phø oghah k foaak v~{ppk phø onhah 48% H coyoahk~h fbykyoeb cbevkjpb~oekojkevk cbjnovvk~k cbev~b ha ekjhcb k cbev~baao~k ak p~bp~hk coyoacov{~k cdk ebh pbsshojb hjjogheo~k cbjk fknnoeb kssk~k vk~~b~h}}ovk foa jkvoaab a{chfb k schevhaaoevk fkaak o~jh! h fhyk~sh vhph fh kspabshbeh! ha i{bcb k ha i{jb! i{ jb! gah {~ah fh g{k~~o! k ha ikvb~k kjkssb foaak ik~hvk! foa soeg{k yk~sovb k foh cb~ph 80% H v~ovvovh fh cbjnovvhjkevb fka pk~hbfb ~occbjoefoyoeb fh hjp{geo~k ao spofo cbe ao aojo f~hvvo he aheko cbe ha n~occhb! ao cbccho o p~bvk}hbek fkaao ioccho! k ao p{evo nke p~bvkso he oyoevh% _{ksvo pbsv{~o k~o ao jhgahb~k pk~ cbaph~k cbe ao p{evo fkaao spofo! ha cdk k~o ~hvke{vb {ehyk~soajkevk ha cbapb phø akvoak he ossba{vb< {e shegbab oiibefb he {e cb~pb fovb cbe ao p{evo {cchfk~à {e {bjb! ha cdk spkssb ebe p{þ kssk~k bvvke{vb cbe ykevh cbaph fh vogahb 8?% Byyhojkevk q{ksvo josshjo oefoyo nkek pk~ q{kh ~kpo~vh cdk ofbvvoyoeb aojk f~hvvk! ofovvk o cbaph~k cbe kiikvvb pk~ib~oevk! q{oah ao coyoaak~ho pksoevk i~oecksk kf oaakovo% Oav~k {ehvà! cbjk f~ogbeh k {sso~h! hjphkgoyoeb aojk c{~yk! ao c{h spkchihco k~o q{kaao fh heiahggk~k cbaph cbe kiikvvb vogahkevk< _{oefb ä oa goabppb k {e coyoahk~k ovvocco ha s{b ekjhcb cbe ao p{evo! kgah hekyhvonhajkevk ab heiha}k~à% Jo oaab~o fby~à ik~jo~k ha s{b coyoaab k hevk~~bjpk~k ao s{o po~vkchpo}hbek oaa‘o}hbek pk~ pbvk~ ksv~o~~k ao spofo% Ekaab svkssb vkjpb {e f~ogbek cbe {eo aojo c{~yo oy~à ik~hvb v~k b q{ovv~b ekjhch! ske}o ik~jo~k ha s{b coyoaab b sjkvvk~k fh cbjnovvk~k% H ekjhch ebe so~oeeb ik~hvh jb~voajkevk! jo so~oeeb jkssh i{b~h cbjnovvhjkevb! ha cdk ä chþ cdk fbnnhojb ck~co~k he novvogaho 8>% Ekaao jhscdho oyykeek~b sckek cbjk q{ksvo< Ha jhb p~hjb cbapb cbapá {e {iihchoak ekjhcb k gah svoccþ ha n~occhb% Ao joeb k ao spofo phbjno~beb q{osh offbssb o jk! k a‘{bjb j{vhaovb coffk fh skaao% Fhkfh {e oav~b pbvkevk cbapb oa ekjhcb cdk sh p~kskevþ! kf kgah coffk cbe ha s{b c~oehb spoccovb he f{k% [~aoh oa Cophvoeb Laofbwslx fh io~k ovvke}hbek% Fhkfh {e vk~}b pbvkevk cbapb! jo cbaphh ao co~onheo fh {e {sso~b ekjhcb k ao aojo sh i~oev{jþ% P~bp~hb he q{ka jbjkevb {e ekjhcb cbapá ao ioccho fh Laofbwslx! k coffk foaao skaao oa s{bab 83% Ha f{co Yhvvb~hb Ojkfkb HH ~hscdhþ e{byojkevk fh kssk~k {cchsb he {e f{kaab cbe {e coyoahk~k oyyk~so~hb< Do cb~sb ha ~hscdhb fh kssk~k {cchsb sk {e cbapb fh phsvbao ebe oykssk p~kckf{vb {e coyoahk~k cdk! fbpb oyk~ab joecovb {eo p~hjo ybavo! svoyo ~hvb~eoefb s{ fh a{h% Ha s{b sc{fhk~b kf ha s{b joksv~b fh sc{fk~ho doeeb h coyoaah {cchsh sbvvb fh ab~b 86% Ao ~kshsvke}o fkaak n~hgovk ghgahovk f{~þ q{oacdk jhe{vb% Jkev~k ha p~hjb ~oegb fh chosc{e sq{of~bek k~o cbjpakvojkevk hjpkgeovo ekaab scojnhb fh cbaph cba ekjhcb! ha skcbefb kf ha vk~}b ~oegb! phø pk~ ha fhiibefk~sh fka poehcb cdk pk~ ak pk~fhvk s{nhvk! sh fhkfk~b oaao i{go% H coyoahk~h scbeihvvh {vhah}}o~beb ao ib~}o ~hjoekevk fkaak ab~b coyoacov{~k pk~ oaabevoeo~sh ha phø ykabckjkevk pbsshnhak% Yhscbevh sbspksk a‘heskg{hjkevb! jo gah scbeihvvh cbevhe{o~beb of kssk~k vb~jkevovh foaak ib~}k fka f{co fh Soybho she bav~k ao sv~ofo pk~ Akheá! cdk fo V b~heb vogahoyo pk~pkefhcbao~jkevk ha cojpb fh novvogaho% ?0% Ao novvogaho ekaao novvogaho< A{ckevb%
Jkev~k oaak ?> h p~{sshoeh s{aao fksv~o svoyoeb ib~}oefb ha v~heck~ojkevb oyyk~so~hb! s{aao shehsv~o k~o sik~~ovb {e skcbefb ossoavb cbev~b ao shehsv~o i~oecksk% A‘hevkevb fh q{ksvo o}hbek k~o cdho~b< a‘ovvoccb fh A{ckevb i{ sbavoevb pk~ vkek~k bcc{povo ao Shehsv~o i~oecksk she cdk ~h{schssk fh ib~}o~k ao v~hecko ekjhco! chbä iheb o voevb cdk ao Coyoaak~ho oaakjoeo yh oykssk a‘heg~kssb! pbhcdè oaab~o sbyk~cdhoefb cbe ao s{pk~hb~hvà fh V~{ppk o coyoaab h Goaabhspoeh k ik~hvh h ab~b coph p~hjo~m! ebe sh pkesþ cdk oaab scojpb 8;%
44
G%D% NK^KEDB^SV! Nkv~ocdv{egke ñnk~ fhk L~hkgsl{esv ! Yba% HH! Akhp}hg ?788! pp% 636*63;< F‘O[VDYHAAK! Kssoh s{~ ao coyoak~hk voev oechkeek q{k jbfk~ek! Po~hs ?7;9! p% 308% 48 G[HNK^V! Kssoh gèeè~oa chv%! p% ?96% 80 JBVVHE FK AO NOAJK! Èaèjkevs fk vocvhq{k chv%! p% ?06*?0;% 8? J% G^OEFJOHSBE! Ao Pkvhvk G{k~~k! b{ V~ohvè f{ sk~yhck fks v~b{pks aègä~ks ke Cojpogek! Po~hs ?7;9! p% >?% 8> MKEKX! Ak Po~vhsoe! b{ a‘o~v fk ioh~k ao pkvhvk g{k~~k! Ak Dog{k ?7;8! p% ?7% 83 F[IIX! Vdk Jhahvo~x Ktpk~hkeck chv%! p% >>9% A‘kphsbfhb sh ~hik~hsck of {e cbjnovvhjkevb fkaao G{k~~o fh S{ccksshbek f‘O{sv~ho! jo ~opp~kskevo {e fkh phø fkvvogahovh ~ksbcbevh fh {eo o}hbek fh coyoaak~ho fka TYHHH skcbab% 86 SBAO^B! Mb{~eoa Dhsvb~hq{k chv%! p% ?36% 8; OSVB! Cb~vk! J{skb Svb~hcb! ^kao}hbek fkaa‘osskfhb! fkaao fhikso k ahnk~o}hbek fh Vb~heb foaa‘ksk~chvb i~oecksk! p% ?;%
H i~oecksh oykyoeb ~hcky{vb ~heib~}h< 30 sq{of~beh fh f~ogbeh sjbevovh k~oeb gh{evh foa skvvb~k Pb*Fb~o ^hpo~ho! heshkjk o f{k novvogahbeh fh ioevk~ho 89% A‘ovvoccb oaakovb i{ ~ksphevb< ha i{bcb cdk gh{egkyo foa v~heck~ojkevb k~o v~bppb yhbakevb pk~cdè pbvkssk kssk~ s{pk~ovb% Ha jo~kschoaab Jo~she! cdk ghà oykyo oy{vb ha p~bp~hb coyoaab {cchsb! k~o s{h v~heck~ojkevh of hechvo~k h sbafovh! q{oefb {e p~bhkvvhak fh i{chak ab cbapá of {eo cbscho! ik~kefbab jb~voajkevk 87% Oaak ?>%30 i{ kiikvv{ovb {e oav~b vkevovhyb! oecd‘kssb fksvheovb oa ioaahjkevb% Gah ossoavh sik~~ovh foa No~bek fh ^kdnhefk~ k foa P~hechpk fh Sotk*Gbvdo oh v~heck~ojkevh k oa cosvkaab fh A{ckevb ybakyoeb g{ofogeo~k vkjpb kf hjpkgeo~k v~{ppk ekjhcdk! cbso cdk svoyo ~h{sckefb ab~b ph{vvbsvb nkek% Gah ovvoccdh ebe k~oeb sik~~ovh shj{avoekojkevk< ha covvhyb ibefb fka vk~~keb! ao fhyk~shvà fkgah bnnhkvvhyh o ab~b osskgeovh – {eo pbvkevk sv~{vv{~o ib~vhihcovo oa p~hechpk fh Sotk*Gbvdo k {e v~ovvb fh v~heck~ojkevb oa ^kdnhefk~ – ikck~b sá cdk h f{k cbjoefoevh oaakovh cbb~fheossk~b ph{vvbsvb joak h ab~b sib~}h sib~ }h cbev~b ha fhspbshvhyb i~oecksk% Ak ~bn{svk j{~o fka cosvkaab fh A{ckevb! s{a q{oak ao fhikso fkaa‘oao shehsv~o k~o hjpbsvovo! cbe ak fhiksk occkssb~hk k~kvvk o s{o fhikso! ~opp~kskevoyoeb {eo jheoccho jb~voak pk~ q{oashosh ~kpo~vb fh coyoaak~ho ekjhco sh ibssk oyykev{~ovb ekh p~kssh! ske}o cbevo~k cdk cbsvhv{hyoeb {eo fhikso hjpkekv~onhak oh pk}}h ~kgghjkevoah o fhspbsh}hbek fkaao ioevk~ho oaakovo% ^kdnhefk~ k Sotk*Gbvdo pbvk~beb io~k f{eq{k o jkeb fkaao coyoaak~ho oaak ab~b spoaak! cdk i{ heyhovo oaa‘oao shehsv~o cdk! eka i~ovvkjpb! oykyo oy{vb ~oghbek fkaao fksv~o i~oecksk% Ao sbahfhvà! ak fhjkeshbeh k ao cbjpaksshvà fh A{ckevb k fkh ionn~hcovh oeekssh! {ehvk oaa‘kevhvà fkaao g{o~ehghbek fka cosvkaab! ab ~kefkyo q{osh hjp~kefhnhak oaak ioevk~hk oaakovk% Ao fhikso fh A{ckevb fhykeek ‑{eo novvogaho ekaao novvogaho‚! cbjnovv{vo pk~ v{vvo ao f{~ovo fkaao g hb~eovo fo f{k cbsphc{k ib~jo}hbeh cdk p~ovhcojkevk ebe knnk~b po~vk eè sh hevk~ksso~beb o q{oev‘oav~b svoyo occofkefb he oav~k po~vh fka cojpb% Ao cof{vo fka cosvkaab ebe oyykeek pk~ {eo o}hbek biikeshyo fka ekjhcb! jo i{ onnoefbeovb foh s{bh svkssh fhikesb~h% F{~oevk ha vk~}b ossoavb oh v~heck~ojkevh! h ioevh fh ^kdnhefk~ k~oeb svovh ~ksphevh! {eb fkh s{bh cbjoefoevh fh n~hgovo! ha ikafjo~cdoaa*ahk{vkeoev Gkb~g I~hkf~hcd I~khdk~~ ybe L~hkcdno{j! i{ ik~hvb! jo gah oaakovh k~oeb ~h{schvh o jkvvk~k o skgeb {e cbapb ib~v{eovb% [eo poaao fh i{chak oykyo cbaphvb oaa‘oyojn~occhb shehsv~b ha f{co fh B~aèoes% Ebe k~o {eo ik~hvo g~oyk! jo i{ phø cdk s{iihchkevk pk~ jkvvk~ab i{b~h cbjnovvhjkevb 84% Ha cbjoefb i~oecksk sh k~o fh iovvb fhssbavb he q{ka jkev~k% Ao ebvh}ho cdk gah oaakovh oykyoeb ib~}ovb ao fksv~o k ha fbab~k oa n~occhb ikck~b onnoefbeo~k ao po~vhvo oaa‘B~aèoes% Cbeshfk~oefb ao novvogaho b~joh pk~f{vo! fhkfk fhspbsh}hbek o Sohev*I~èjbev fh ~hvh~o~sh bav~k ao Fb~o ^hpo~ho k onnoefbeo~k A{ckevb k! sh ~kcþ o io~sh jkfhco~k ak ik~hvk% Oecdk ha Jo~she sh oaabevoeþ he h e q{ka jbjkevb% S%O%^%! ykfkefb cdk ebe oykyo phø jk}}h pk~ ~kc{pk~o~k ao shv{o}hbek! sk ek oefþ o io~sh jkfhco~k ak s{k ik~hvk! cbjk ha Shgeb~ jo~kschoaab fh Jo~che! k jh b~fheo~beb! po~vkefb! fh ~occbgahk~k q{kaab cdk pbvkyb fkaak v~{ppk! k fh io~k {eo o}hbek fh ~kv~bg{o~fho% ^hjosk yhcheb o jk ha Shgeb~ coyoahk~k fh A{tkjnb{~g! cdk jh i{ fh g~oefk oh{vb! pk~ io~k cbe b~fhek {eo fkaak phø nkaak ~kv~bg{o~fhk cdk onnho joh yhsvb 88% Gh{egkyo ekaak ahekk oaakovk ha P~hechpk K{gkehb! fbpb oyk~ ykf{vb ha Gkek~oa Yhscbevh cb‘ Cb~o}}hk~h fo~ offbssb à ekjhch< coyoacþ i~kvvbabsojkevk oaao s{o f~hvvo yk~sb ao Fb~o k ~kcovk cbaà n{bek e{byk fkaao shehsv~o jk}}b yhvvb~hbso! ~heyhgb~á h s{bh o e{byb ossoavb! cba q{oak sb~jbevo~beb ak ~hjoekevh v~heckk ?00% Jkev~k h i~oecksh sh ~hvh~oyoeb! gah oaakovh s{pk~oyoeb! oa q{o~vb ossoavb! h v~heck~ojkevh% K~oeb ak ?3 ch~co! {e‘b~o k jk}}o foa p~hjb ovvoccb% Sohev*I~èjbev fbykyo pk~þ b~o gksvh~k oa jkgahb ha v~oiihcb s{h f{k pbevh cdk hevkefkyo {vhah}}o~k pk~ io~ oiia{h~k s{aao ~hyo fksv~o fkaao Fb~o ^hpo~ho ?6 novvogahbeh fh ioevk~ho k ;> sq{of~beh% Oykyo ib~}k onnosvoe}o e{jk~bsk pk~ ~kshsvk~k kiihcockjkevk! v{vvoyho fbykyo io~k p~ksvb< ebe k~o fkvvb cdk fo {e jbjkevb oaa‘oav~b a‘hevk~b ksk~chvb oaakovb ebe sh ~bykschossk s{aak s{k v~{ppk% Fbpb ak ?3! o cbeik~jo fkaak s{k p~kbcc{po}hbeh! svoyoeb gh{egkefb he }beo h novvogahbeh fkaao N~hgovo Nbeekyoa k h ?%;00 ioevh fkaao g{o~ehghbek fh Vb~heb! cdk ovvocco~beb ao v~{ppo i~oecksk fhspbsvo hevb~eb oaao Coscheo Sco~oykaao! p~kssb ao q{oak covv{~o~beb ha a{bgbvkekevk gkek~oak Pdhahppk fk Yoabhs fk Yhaakvvk! jo~q{hs fk J{~ckx ?0?% Ha cbjoefoevk i~oecksk occkak~þ ak bpk~o}hbeh fh ~hvh~ovo k sgbjnk~b! fkchsb 89
H f{k novvogahbeh oppo~vkekyoeb oa ^gv% ^bxoa fks Yohssko{t! ?° nvg% $2(! k Axbeeohs! ?° nvg% Gah oav~h 3 novvogahbeh! > fka ^bxoa fks Yohssko{t k >° fka Axbeeohs! ~hjosk~b s{aao ~hyo shehsv~o fkaao Fb~o ^hpo~ho% 87 Ha Jo~she i{ ik~hvb f{~oevk ha skcbefb ovvoccb oaakovb oaao shehsv~o! fbpb a‘o}hbek fkaa‘B~aèoes cbe ao N~hgovo ^b{y~ox! o}hbek ekaao q{oak ha f{co ~hckykvvk {e cbapb oaa‘oeco! jo p~hjo cdk q{ksvh ibssk cbaphvb oa n~occhb f{~oevk ha vk~}b ossoavb ekjhcb% Sh ykfo ao akvvk~o fka f{co fh B~aèoes oa ^k! JKEGHE! ^kaovhbe f{ Shègk fk V{~he chv%! pp% >9?*>96% Cbaphvb of {eo cbscho! i{ v~ospb~vovb ekh s{bh q{o~vhk~h oaao coscheo Ao Abso! fbyk ~hjosk p~hghbehk~b s{aao po~bao% Ha f{co fh Soybho heyhþ {e s{b cdh~{~gb! cdk gah ojp{vþ ao gojno ik~hvo% V{vvoyho q{ksvo bpk~o}hbek ebe jhgahb~þ ao shv{o}hbek! k ha jo~kschoaab fh I~oecho sh spkesk ao jovvheo fkaa‘4 skvvkjn~k ?709% F% JcLOX! K{gkehb fh Soybho% ^hv~ovvb fh {e cbefbvvhk~b ?993* ?739 ! Vb~heb ?848! p% ?>0% 84 J% ha f{co fh B~aèoes! cdk ikck jk~oyhgahk! ä svovb ik~hvb fo f{k cbaph ossoh g ~oyh! {eb oaa‘oeco k a‘oav~b oaa‘oyojn~occhb% Sohev*Aègk~! So hev*Aègk~! ha s{b p~hjb yoaakvvb fh cojk~o! cdk ~kcþ q{ksvk ebvh}hk! fhssk cdk ao ik~hvo oa n~occhb ä ossoh fbab~bso k so~à a{ego o g{o~h~k% Ao~fx! ha s{b cdh~{~gb! sc~hssk o Jofojk \ao jof~k fka f{co fh B~aèoesZ ! ! ha 8 oa jovvheb! cdk kgah c~kfk cdk ha phccbab bssb \cønhvbZ sho svovb vbccovb< jo kgah osshc{~o cdk ebe ~hscdho oac{e pk~hcbab pk~ ao yhvo% Cbjk ybakyosh fhjbsv~o~k! oppkeo o~~hyovb o B{at he Yoa Cdhsbek! i{ cbsv~kvvb o ik~jo~sh% Ha ?4 skvvkjn~k ao ik~hvo sh fhjbsv~þ ossoh phø g~oyk fh q{kaab cdk sh k~o ~hvke{vb he {e p~hjb vkjpb% Ha c{nhvb k~o svovb kiikvvhyojkevk vbccovb foa p~bhkvvhak kf k~o sbp~oggh{evo ao iknn~k% Gah i{ sbjjhehsv~ovb fkaa‘bpphb pk~ akeh~k ha fbab~k% Ha >6 i{ fhcdho~ovb i{b~h pk~hcbab! jo ekh ghb~eh p~kckfkevh gah so~knnk svovb ojp{vovb ha n~occhb sk ab sh ibssk c~kf{vb he g~ofb fh sbsvkek~k a‘bpk~o}hbek= ao coec~keo k~o ha s{b pk~hcbab% K‘ skjp~k o B{at< a‘o~ho ä ossoh covvhyo! jo ebe ab sh pbv~à v~ospb~vo~k p~hjo fh bvvb ghb~eh% Ha ?6 bvvbn~k k~o o N~hoeçbe fkihehvhyojkevk g{o~hvb k he g~ofb fh ~hp~kefk~k ha cbjoefb fkaa‘O~jovo f‘Hvoaho% Mb{~eoa f{ Jo~q{hs fk Foegko{ chv%! pp% >06! >?8 88 Akvvk~o fka a{bgbvkekevk gkek~oak Fk Sohev*I~èjbev oa jhehsv~b Cdojhaao~v! he JKEGHE! ^kaovhbe f{ Shègk fk V{~he chv%! p% >9;% ?00 POBAKVVH! Ha P~hechpk K{gkehb chv%! p% 3?3% ?0? ^kaovhbe f{ Shègk! S hègk! fèikeck kv Ahnè~vhbe fk ao Yhaak kv Chvofkaak fk V{~he f~kssèk po~ {e Biihchk~ fk ao Go~ehsbe $J% Doln~kvv( s{~ aks Jèjbh~ks vh~ès f{ Mb{~eoa f{ Gèeè~oa Fo{e! he ^kao}hbeh k fbc{jkevh s{aa‘Osskfhb fh Vb~heb eka ?709% ^occbavh! p{nnahcovh! oeebvovh fo Oevbehb Joeeb! he Jhsckaaoeko fh Svb~ho Hvoahoeo! Vbjb TYHH! skcbefb fkaao skcbefo sk~hk! Vb~heb ?474! p% 6;7%
f ka cosvkaab fh A{ckevb k h f{k pbevh s{aao Fb~o! o aoscho~k jkeb jovk~hoah pbsshnhak ogah oaakovh% Eka ~hposso~k h chgahbeh fka ikch ~hvh~o~k o n~occhb v{vvh h coeebeh cdk k~oeb ekaak ~hfbvvk fh A{ckevb! he skg{hvb ikch ~bjpk~k h f{k pbevh k jh oefoh o scdhk~o~k o novvogaho! oyyhcheoefbjh oaak v~{ppk cdk ha Shgeb~ fk Cdojo~oefk oykyo ~h{ehvb a{egb {eo sco~povo \ha chgahbek fksv~b fkaao Fb~oZ ?0>% H >> sq{of~beh fh coyoaak~ho oecb~o jbevovh ebe knnk~b v~bppo fhiihcbavà o s{pk~o~k ao Fb~o< ha ih{jk k~o he jog~o k g{ofo~ab ebe i{ {e‘hjp~kso po~vhcbao~jkevk fhiihchak% H 30 sq{of~beh fh f~ogbeh cdk k~oeb svovh iovvh sjbevo~k pk~sk~b heykck v{vvk ak ab~b coyoacov{~k! jo ~h{sch~beb cbj{eq{k o g{ofogeo~k ao ~hyo fksv~o ?03% Ao ioevk~ho sbii~á jogghb~jkevk% Fkh ?6 novvogahbeh p~kskevh! 3 ebe ~h{sch~beb o sgoecho~sh k i{~beb he po~vk fhsv~{vvh! he po~vk iovvh p~hghbehk~h% Ha >° novvogahbek fka ^kgghjkevb Phèjbev ! oe}hcdè ~hvh~o~sh yk~sb ao Fb~o! k~o ~hjosvb vogahovb i{b~h jkev~k oecb~o fhikefkyo ak bpk~k fka Cosvkaab fh A{ckevb! cdk eka i~ovvkjpb k~o svovb heckefhovb ?06! cbe {e novvogahbek fka ^kgghjkevb Eb~joefhk! p~ks{jhnhajkevk ha 3° % [e novvogahbek fka ^kgghjkevb ^bxoa fks Yohssko{t $p~bnonhajkevk ha ?°(! cdk sh k~o ~kcovb s{aao ~hyo shehsv~o fkaao Fb~o! k~o svovb osskgeovb oaao fhikso fkh pbevh ?0;% Ossk~~ogahovb ekaao coscheo Voeo k ekaak yhchek ~hfbvvk! i{ iovvb o s{o ybavo p~hghbehk~b% _{ksvh ~kpo~vh ckfkvvk~b pk~ yo~hk ~oghbeh% H pbevh k~oeb oiibaaovh fo jovk~hoah k v~{ppo he ~hvh~ovo< Sohev*I~èjbev oykyo fkchsb fh pb~vo~k he soayb a‘o~vhgahk~ho p~kskevk o A{ckevb k ekaak ib~vhihco}hbeh cojpoah occkssb~hk% Cbsá iockefb hjpkfá oaak s{k v~{ppk fh {vhah}}o~k h pbevh! k p~hyþ ak {ehvà cdk fbykyoeb p~kshfho~k ao vksvo fh pbevk fkaao pbvke}o fh i{bcb fkh coeebeh cdk sheb o q{ka jbjkevb oykyoeb ~opp~kskevovb {eb sv~{jkevb fkchsojkevk kiihcock pk~ cbev~osvo~k gah ovvoccdh ekjhch% Ao cbei{shbek! ao ~hvh~ovo k ao ~ksso fkh pbevh i{ cbj{eq{k {eb sdbcl pshcbabghcb ph{vvbsvb g~oyk pk~ q{kh ~kpo~vh cdk she foaao jovvheovo svoyoeb fhikefkefb yoab~bsojkevk A{ckevb% Onnoefbeo~k ha ab~b ‑vk~~hvb~hb‚ cbsá f{~ojkevk cbevksb oa ekjhcb ah ~ksk po~vhcbao~jkevk nke fhspbsvh oaao ~kso% Bav~kv{vvb he q{ksvb cbjnovvhjkevb fh ~kv~bg{o~fho k~o fh iovvb hjpbsshnhak! pk~ ak v~k {ehvà i~oecksh! pbvk~sh sgoecho~k k ovv~oyk~so~k o ab~b ybavo h pbevh% Sohev I~èjbev! q{oefb yhfk cdk ebe yh k~o pbsshnhahvà pk~ h v~k novvogahbeh fh sbvv~o~sh oaao p~ksshbek ekjhco! fhsv~{ssk h pbevh% O q{ka p{evb ak {ehvà ghgahovk! vogahovk i{b~h! cksso~beb bgeh ~kshsvke}o fh iovvb b~joh fka v{vvb he{vhak ?09% Oecdk gah oaakovh svoyoeb b~joh ~oaakevoefb h ab~b sib~}h cbev~b ha p~kshfhb< Sh spkfá b~fhek oaa‘Heioevk~ho fkaa‘Oao fksv~o fh ebe ovvocco~k A{skevo! nkecdk ghà yh svoyo sbvvb ha i{bcb! jo ghocdä ha Ekjhcb cbjhechoyo b~joh à i{ggh~k! pk~ ~hspo~jhb fkaao gkevk sk ek osvkekssk ?07% Oaak ?3%30 ha v~heck~ojkevb i~oecksk v~o Sv{~o k Fb~ho ^hpo~ho k~o cbjpakvojkevk he joeb oaakovo% ??% Ao novvogaho fkgah {iihchoah%
Ha P~hechpk K{gkehb k ha f{co Yhvvb~hb Ojkfkb HH ~hscdho~beb fh kssk~k {cchsh eka cb~sb fkaa‘o}hbek% H f{k cbjoefoevh s{p~kjh i~oecksh! ha f{co fh B~aèoes k ha jo~kschoaab Jo~she! i{~beb {eb sk~hojkevk k a‘oav~b jb~voajkevk ik~hvh% Ao fhsvoe}o foa ekjhcb o c{h sh pbekyoeb s{a cojpb fh novvogaho k~o! pk~ ib~}o fh cbsk! ~hfbvvo% Ybakevh b ebakevh fbykyoeb svo~k yhcheb oh p{evh fbyk sh cbjnovvkyo cbsá fo pbvk~ ykfk~k chþ cdk occofkyo k pbvk~ ~kogh~k pk~ vkjpb! fovb cdk h jk}}h fh cbj{ehco}hbek sh ahjhvoyoeb o jkssoggk~h o coyoaab k skgeoah v~bjno b vojn{~b% Fkgah {iihchoah i~oecksh cbjoefoevh fh n~hgovo! q{ovv~b i{~beb ik~hvh $h jo~kschoaah fh cojpb Yhaahk~s! ao N~kvbeehä~k! Skeekvk~~k k! he q{ksvb cosb jb~voajkevk! ha a{bgbvkekevk gkek~oak J{~çkx k ha jo~kschoaab fh cojpb Lk~lofb( k {eb {cchsb $Nbeekaaks(% V{vvh sh spbsvo~beb q{ka ghb~eb o coyoaab! ~hjoekefb he skaao he oac{eh cosh pk~ bav~k ?0 b~k cbeskc{vhyk% H cbjoefoevh k gah {iihchoah s{pk~hb~h ebe k~oeb ossba{vojkevk kskevovh foh pk~hcbah bggkvvhyh fkaao novvogaho% Ebe k~o {e fbyk~k fka cbjoefoevk ~hscdho~k ao yhvo! jo fbykyo fo~k kskjphb fh cb~ogghb pk~sbeoak q{oefb ao shv{o}hbek ab ~kefkyo ekcksso~hb% Ha cb~ogghb cdk gah {iihchoah fbykyoeb fhjbsv~o~k s{a cojpb ebe cbeshsvkyo ekaa‘onhahvà b ao spoyoafk~ho cbe ak q{oah heiahggkyo ao jb~vk oa ekjhcb! jo ha iovvb cdk ~hckykssk ik~hvk! fhjbsv~o}hbek cdk ykehyo sbvvbahekovo foa s{b ~hih{vb of onnoefbeo~k ha pbsvb oecdk sk cbaphvb! cbjk ha Jo~she cdk aoschþ ha s{b pbsvb fh cbjoefb sbab cbe ha f{co fh B~aèoes% A‘beb~k fh {e g~of{ovb k~o ~ksb hefhsc{vhnhak foaao p{evhgahbshvà cbe c{h bnnkfhyo o b~fheh cdk ~kefkyoeb hekyhvonhah ik~hvk b ao jb~vk% Gah {iihchoah! hesbjjo! k~oeb p~kbcc{povh sbp~ovv{vvb foaao ihg{~o cdk ?0>
Akvvk~o fka a{bgbvkekevk Sohev*I~èjbev oa jhehsv~b Cdojhaao~v% JKEGHE! ^kaovhbe f{ Shègk fk V{~he chv%! pp% >96*>9;% D% CDBPPHE! Dhsvbh~k Gèeè~oak fks F~ogbes! fkp{hs ak{~ b~hghek m{sq‘à a‘Kjph~k! Po~hgh ?478! p% >6;= 6 Coxa{s $ Ao{v~kc Ao{v~kc(< 3 Fo{pdhe< 3 Do{vkib~v < 3 Aoeg{kfbc< 3 Ihjo~cbe< 3 ^oeeks< 3 Nkaak Hsak< 3 F{ Dk~be $ Nb{~ek{i*Ykssä Nb{~ek{i*Ykssä(< 3 Nkaon~k< > Nb}kaah% ?06 PKAKV! Jkjbh~ks jhahvoh~ks chv%! p% 994% ?0; S[SOEK! Dhsvbh~k fk a‘Heioevk~hk chv%! Yba% HHH! p% ;8% ?09 Ebvh}hk fh q{ksvh ~kpo~vh covv{~ovh sh v~byoeb he Fho~hb fkaa‘Osskfhb fh Vb~heb ?709 ! OSVB! Cb~vk! Svb~hk fkaao ^koa Coso! Covkgb~ho HHH! Jo}}b >0! pp% 3;*39% Ha ^kgghjkevb ^bxoa fks Yohssko{t ä skgeoaovb skjpahckjkevk cbjk ^bxoa% Ebe sh v~ovvo fka ~kgghjkevb ^bxoa! hjpkgeovb he q{ka pk~hbfb p~hjo s{a ^keb k pbh ekaak Ihoef~k! eè ha ^bxoa Cbjpvbhs! cdk ebe po~vkchpþ oaao novvogaho< ^ogg{ogahb Ghb~eoak fkaa‘Osskfhb fh Vb~heb cbjhechovb ah ?3 jogghb ?709 k ahnk~o}hbek fka jkfkshjb skg{hvo ah 7 skvvkjn~k fka jkfkshjb oeeb% Joebsc~hvvb iheb~o hekfhvb p{nnahcovb k cbjjkevovb foa Fbvv% Cbsvoevheb Cbfo vb~heksk! Vb~heb ?809! p% ?>8% Ha ^kgghjkevb Phkjbev pk~sk! {cchsh he cbjnovvhjkevb! h a{bgbvkekevh Cdonk~voe k Ahjo~s% I{ iovvb p~hghbehk~b ha a{bgbvkekevk cbabeekaab Fk ao Ik{haaofk! cbe {e Cophvoeb! {e A{bgbvkekevk k {e Oaihk~k% Fkh ?3;0 {bjheh hjpkgeovh! ;3? oefo~beb pk~sh he cbjnovvhjkevb k ekaao skg{kevk ~hvh~ovo% Ha Eb~joefhk cbjnovvè sv~ke{ojkevk pk~ ao fhikso fh A{ckevb! pk~fkefb v~k cbjoefoevh fh cbjpogeho! h cophvoeh Cdo~yogeoa! Sohev*Gk~bgks k Jbevoaojnk~v! bav~k o e{jk~bsh oav~h {iihchoah heik~hb~h k ;6; {bjheh fh v~{ppo% Ha ^bxoa fks Yohssko{t pk~sk {e A{bgbvkekevk covv{~ovb k nke 44> {bjheh fh v~{ppo< bav~k ha 90+ fkaao ib~}o b~hgheo~ho/ Ha ^kgghjkevb Axbeeohs! ha c{h ?° novvogahbek k~o svovb hjpkgeovb s{aao ~hyo shehsv~o fkaao Fb~o ^hpo~ho! a‘4 skvvkjn~k ?709! cbevoyo o Phek~bab ao pk~fhvo fh 386 {bjheh! ch~co ha 6;+ fka vbvoak% CBFO! ^ogg{ogahb Ghb~eoak chv%! p% ?98< JKEGHE! ^kaovhbe f{ Shègk fk V{~he chv%! pp% >74*>40< S[SOEK! Dhsvbh~k fk f k a‘Heioevk~hk chv%! Yba% HH! pp% >94! 63;< SDOV! ^kghsv~k fk ~èckpvhbe fks jhahvoh~ks heyoahfks! Yba% >Tx"?9! ovvb ?4>;?% ?07 OSY! Skg~kvk~ho fh Svovb! Oyyhsh 7>! Ibgahb Sv~ob~fheo~hb% >; skvvkjn~k ?709% ^kao}hbek fhsvhevo fkaao g~oe Yhvvb~ho bvvke{vo cbev~b ah I~oecksh sbvvb Vb~heb! cbaao ahnk~o}hbek fkaa‘Osskfhb fh q{kaao Cophvoak! cbevke{vo v{vvo ekaao cbevhe{o}hbek fka Fho~hb foa Cojpb Ckso~kb sbvvb ha Sk~ke% P~hechpk K{gkehb! opp~kssb fkvvb Vb~heb foaah >9 fh Ogbsvb! iheb oaah ?0 fh Skvvkjn~k ?709% ?03
iockyoeb ogah bccdh fkgah oav~h cbaakgdh goaabeovh% A‘beb~k oykyo ossba{vo s{p~kjo}ho! kf k~o cbeik~joefb ao p~bp~ho beb~onhahvà foyoevh oh cbjjhahvbeh cdk sh ksk~chvoyo! pk~ yho fh~kvvo! ha cbjoefb s{h sbafovh skjpahch% Ao v~osjhsshbek fkgah b~fheh k ao ~hck}hbek fkh ~oppb~vh foa cojpb fh novvogaho fhpkefkyoeb q{osh vbvoajkevk fogah oh{voevh fh cojpb! cdk ä {e {iihchoak cdk sk~yk cbe {e gkek~oak! k pb~vo h s{bh b~fheh by{eq{k sho ekcksso~hb ?04% Ha caosshcb oh{voevk fh cojpb k~o sbahvojkevk {e ghbyoek ebnhak! fbvovb fh {eo ykabck coyoacov{~o% _{ksvb heco~hcb! pk~ q{oevb pk~hcbabsb pbvkssk kssk~k he fkvk~jheovh i~oegkevh! k~o po~vhcbao~jkevk ojnhvb p~kssb q{kh ghbyoeh gkevha{bjheh cdk fkshfk~oyoeb ~hi{ggh~k ha g~hghb~k k ak iovhcdk fkaao yhvo ~kgghjkevoak% He n~kyk ao ab~b i{e}hbek k~o q{kaao fkh yosvh oppo~ovh ~ofhb k v~osjhsshbeh fkgah ovv{oah ksk~chvh% _{ksvh {iihchoah po~aoyoeb cbe a‘o{vb~hvà fka cbjoefoevk cb joefoevk he copb eka v~osjkvvk~k gah b~fheh! kf k~o k~ o phø hjpb~voevk cdk cbjp~kefkssk~b ha skesb fkaa‘hsv~{}hbek cdk fbykyoeb v~osjkvvk~k! ph{vvbsvb cdk ~hpb~vo~k ak po~bak fka cbjoefb oaao akvvk~o% Eka jbjkevb he c{h f{k ksk~chvh sh scbev~oyoeb! ha cbjoefoevk he copb k~o fh iovvb hecopochvovb o io~k fh phø fh chþ cdk iockyo {eb fkh s{bh s{nb~fheovh% Ebe pbvkyo kssk~k by{eq{k! b y{eq{k! ebe pbvkyo sby~hevkefk~k o bgeh kykevb cdk occofkyo k ebe pbvkyo osshsvk~k of bgeh cbso% [eo ybavo heh}hovb ha cbjnovvhjkevb bgeh cbso ~hcofkyo s{h gkek~oah o a{h s{nb~fheovh% Cbsá ikck ha P~hechpk K{gkehb! cdk pk~sbeoajkevk cbjoefþ sbab a‘o}hbek fka ^kgghjkevb Jothjhahoe Svo~dkjnk~g cbev~b ao N~hgovo Nbeekaaks! cbsá ikck ha f{co fh B~aèoes! cdk sh fkfhcþ oaao fhikso fka ckev~b fkaao aheko! fkakgoefb oh s{h gkek~oah ao fhikso fkaao aheko fh ch~cbeyoaao}hbek% V~oybavh foaao i{go fkh ab~b svkssh {bjheh! h cbjoefovh i~oecksh! he po~vhcbao~k ha Sohev Ekcvoh~k k ha fk J{~ckx! sh v~byo~beb hsbaovh! oaao vksvo fh ~opo~vh ~occbgahvhcch k snoefovh! ske}o oac{eo spk~oe}o fh ~ogg~{ppo~k {e e{jk~b s{iihchkevk fh v~{ppk pk~ nabcco~k a‘oyoe}ovo ekjhco k fh pbvk~ ~hckyk~k oh{vh% ?>% Fhsg~kgo}hbek%
Oaak ?3 a‘oao shehsv~o i~oecksk sh svoyo ~hvh~oefb k ao coyoaak~ho oaakovo svoyo fh iovvb fhsv~{ggkefb q{kaao ghgahovo fkaa‘oao fksv~o% He q{ksvb skvvb~k ha jo~kschoaab fh cojpb Fk J{~kv k~o ~h{schvb o hjnosvh~k {eo e{byo hjp~byyhsovo aheko fh fhikso a{egb ao sv~ofo v~o Ykeo~ho k Vb~heb% A‘{iihchoak oykyo ~oggh{evb cbe ha ^kgghjkevb ^bxoa ^b{sshaabe k C{h~osshk~s f{ ^bh ao N~hgovo Ao Jo~hek% Ah ik~joh s{a cojpb! k oykefb v~byovb {eo sv~ofo ihoecdkgghovo fo {eo shkpk! ah ~hjhsh he novvogaho cba i~bevk ~hybavb yk~sb ha ekjhcb% Ao jho coyoaak~ho sh oaahekþ s{a jhb ihoecb fksv~b! k! shccbjk cbjk ksso k~o {e pþ phø hefhkv~b ~hspkvvb oaao jho ioevk~ho! jhsh h ~kgghjkevh Nko{ybhshs k Nk~~x! cdk jh ~oggh{esk~b he q{ka jbjkevb! pk~pkefhcbao~jkevk! pk~ {eh~k ak jhk v~{ppk ak {ek oaak oav~k% _{ksvb scdhk~ojkevb ik~jþ ha ekjhcb! cdk ebe pbvè phø pkekv~o~k s{a jhb aovb% Ao N~hgovo Pk~cdk sh ~hih{vþ fh ik~jo~sh k p~bskg{á ao s{o ~hvh~ovo yk~sb Pb% \Ha cbabeekaab fka Ao Jo~hek Ak G{k~cdbhsZ ikck cdhojo~k ao n~hgovo yhcheo cdk ab fbykyo sbsvkek~k! fh oyoe}o~k pk~ io~ i~bevk cbe ao s{o! k hjpkfh~k fh kssk~k v~oybavb fo {e phø g~oefk e{jk~b fh novvogahbeh i~kscdh cdk ykehyoeb offbssb o a{h pk~ ao q{o~vo ybavo% _{ksvo n~hgovo! k ha s{b n~hgofhk~k! fka q{oak i{ fhjkevhcovb ha ~hcb~fb! ~hih{vþ ?08% Fk J{~kv pbvkyo o q{ka p{evb cbevo~k s{ oajkeb ; novvogahbeh fh ioevk~ho! 9 sq{of~beh fh coyoaak~ho k s{aao spk~oe}o fh {e sbsvoe}hoak oh{vb fo po~vk fkaa‘oao shehsv~o% Ha ekjhcb! he po~vk oecb~o he iosk fh ~hb~goeh}}o}hbek fbpb ak co~hcdk fkaao N~hgovo Nbeekaaks! k~o hjpkgeovb ekaao fhsv~{}hbek fkaao coyoaak~ho fkaa‘oao fksv~o! o shehsv~o sh svoyo fkfhcoefb oaao p~kso fh A{ckevb! k pk~ ha jbjkevb fkchsk fh ebe hegoggho~ ak v~{ppk fh Fk J{~kv! cdk! v~o a‘oav~b! ebe oykyo phø ao s{o fksv~o oppbgghovo oh v~heck~ojkevh! k ebe k~o fh bsvocbab pk~ ak cbj{ehco}hbeh k ha v~oeshvb fh ~heib~}h v~o ak f{k oah oaakovk% Ha g~{ppb Fk J{~kv k~o ~hjosvb ~h josvb v~oeq{haab pk~ bav~k {e‘b~o< ekss{e skgeb biikeshyb fo po~vk fkgah oaakovh! ekss{eo sb vvb ha ab~b ebvh}ho foa f{co fh B~aèoes! cdk he q{ka jbjkevb oykyo ghà onnoefbeovb ha cojpb fh novvogaho% ^hjosh cbsá sbvvb i{bcb {e‘b~o k phø pk~ ovvkefk~k ebvh}hk fo s{o oavk}}o ~koak! k ebe ykfkefb oac{eb foaao s{o po~vk! kf ksskefb ha sbccb~sb kev~ovb \sh k~o b~joh svonhahvb ha cbevovvb v~o ao g{o~ehghbek fh Vb~heb k a‘o~jovo oaakovoZ ! kf ksskefbsh q{kaab \ha f{co fh B~aèoesZ ~hvh~ovb! hb pkesoh oaao jho ~hvh~ovo! v{vvb ha ~ksvb fkaao ioevk~ho \ekjhcoZ ykeek of ovvocco~jh% Ao ikch \ao ~hvh~ovoZ cba ioyb~k fkaao ebsv~o aheko fh cbev~byoaao}hbek! jh sk~yhh fkaao vk~~o fka ibssovb cbjk fh {eo noecdkvvo! k ~hvh~oh ak v~{ppk he n{be b~fhek! joag~ofb v{vvk ak coeebeovk fkh ekjhch % B~joh ha g~{ppb Fk J{~kv k~o a‘{avhjo ib~}o i~oecksk b~goeh}}ovo v~o Sv{~o k Fb~o< oaak ?6 ak N~hgovk Dogke! Svhaake k ]{jm{egke ck~co~beb fh v~oybagk~k h novvogahbeh k gah sq{of~beh i~oecksh fhspbsvh ekaao ab~b hjp~byyhsovo aheko fhikeshyo! h q{oah i{~beb pk~þ onhah o sbvv~o~sh oaao scbev~b! si~{vvoefb ao p~bvk}hbek cdk ykehyo ab~b foaao aheko fh cbev~byoaao}hbek% Jo~cho~beb pk~þ oa ~bykschb! {vhah}}oefb cbjk noecdkvvo fh vh~b h ~hpb~vh fh vk~~o fka ibssovb! jkvvkefb v~o ab~b k ha ekjhcb ha ~ojpo~b fka v~heck~ojkevb% Ao po~vk iheoak fkaao novvogaho i{ {e {ehcb g~oefk heskg{hjkevb fo po~vk fkgah oaakovh! cbev~osvovb phø b jkeb ik~bckjkevk o skcbefo fkaao fhspbehnhahvà b jkeb fkh i~oecksh fh o~~kefk~sh% [e n{be e{jk~b fh sbafovh! shegbao~jkevk b o phccbah g~{pph! oykyo onnoefbeovb ha v~heck~ojkevb jkev~k oecb~o k~oeb he cb~sb h cbjnovvhjkevh a{egb h v~heck~ojkevh% _{ksvh sh k~oeb he po~vk fh~kvvh yk~sb h pbevh fka Pb! he po~vk sh k~oeb shsvkjovh oaa‘hevk~eb fkaak e{jk~bsk coschek p~kskevh s{aao phoeo v~o Sv{~o k Fb~o% Ha f{co! fbpb oyk~ ~ksphevb h ~ksvh fkaao coyoaak~ho ghgahovo bav~k ao sv~ofo Vb~heb*Akheá! gh{esk cbe ha s{b g~{ppb fo novvogaho! cbjpbsvb foh > sq{of~beh fka ^kgghjkevb F~ogbeh fh S%O%^% k fo {eb sq{of~bek fkaak Go~fks f{ Cb~ps! sheb oa Po~cb Ykccdhb! fbyk! hjphkgoefb oecdk q{oacdk pk}}b fh o~vhgahk~ho cojpoak! ~h{scá of bcc{po~k ao coscheo Ao Ghbho fka Ykccdhb Po~cb! ?04
F‘O[VDYHAAK! Kssoh s{~ ao coyoak~hk chv%! p% 9% S[SOEK! Dhsvbh~k fk f k a‘Heioevk~hk chv%! Yba% HHH! p% >?% He kiikvvh ao N~hgovo Ao Jo~hek sbsvkeek a{egb v{vvo ao ghb~eovo q{ovv~b ovvoccdh oaakovh! fkh q{oah h p~hjh f{k i{~beb ~ksphevh%
?08
pbsh}hbek ossoh hjpb~voevk pbhcdè gah cbeskevhyo fh jkvvk~sh he cbj{ehco}hbek cbe ao chvvà fh Vb~heb% She fo jk}}bghb~eb ao g{o~ehghbek fh Vb~heb svoyo po~vkchpoefb oaab scbev~b% Ao coyoaak~ho heh}hþ o pk~cb~~k~k ak ~kv~byhk i~oecksh! ck~coefb fh io~k p~hghbehk~h pk~ cbjp~kefk~k cbso svkssk oyykekefb s{a cojpb fh novvogaho! he ovvkso fh oyyhso~k ha gbyk~eovb~k Fo{e fka jbjkevb p~bph}hb pk~ hevk~ykeh~k% Oaak ?3 k~o b~joh cdho~b cdk ao fksv~o i~oecksk k~o svovo sibefovo! k cdk h ?%;00 ioevh pbvkyoeb b~joh cbecb~~k~k ovvhyojkevk oh cbjnovvhjkevh! spbsvoefbsh yk~sb h pbevh fh A{ckevb% V{vvoyho! jkev~k o{jkevoyo ha v~oiihcb fh sbafovh snoefovh yk~sb h pbevh fh Pb! eè Yhvvb~hb Ojkfkb eè Fo{e bso~beb p~bskg{h~k phø o ibefb h ab~b ovvoccdh< eè i{ svhjovb n{be cbeshgahb fh p~bskg{h~k h i{gghoscdh! pk~cdè v{vvk ak Cosshek f‘hevb~eb k~oeb phkek fh Ioevk~ho! cd‘k~osh cbaà ~hcbyk~ovo ekaao i{go ??0% O cbevh iovvh! k~oeb spo~sh v~o ao sv~ofo fh Akheá kf h pbevh h ~kahvvh fh f{k n~hgovk fh ioevk~ho k cheq{k fh coyoaak~ho! jkev~k cheq{k novvogahbeh k gah ?? sq{of~beh fkaak n~hgovk Co~fkeos k [}äs k~oeb fh p~kshfhb oaao aheko fh cbev~byoaao}hbek% Bav~k q{ksvk ib~}k k~oeb oecb~o p~kskevh ak v~{ppk fka g~{ppb Fk J{~kv! ; novvogahbeh k 9 sq{of~beh! cdk hevb~eb oaak ?6 k~oeb he ~hvh~ovo yk~sb Pb! fbyk gh{esk~b ske}o v~bpph foeeh% Sh v~ovvoyo p{~ skjp~k fh ib~}k v~bppb e{jk~bsk cbei~bevb o q{oevb fhspbekyo Yhvvb~hb Ojkfkb! cdk pk~ ha jbjkevb sh ahjhvþ o vb~jkevo~k ha ekjhcb! pb~voefbsh cbe ao s{o coyoaak~ho s{aak ~hyk fh Pb o jbevk fkh pbevh fh no~cdk% _{ksvh k~oeb v~bppb nke p~kshfhovh! oecdk cbe ha cbecb~sb vo~fhyb fh po~vk fkaak v~{ppk fkaa‘Oank~gbvvh< v{vvoyho ha f{co vkevþ fh fhsv~{ggk~ah p~kpo~oefb fkh i{bcdh f‘o~vhihchb s{ fkh phccbah novvkaah! cdk onnoefbeovh ske}o g{hfo oaao cb~~kevk! fby~knnk~b fo~ i{bcb oh pbevh< jo ebe sh p~bf{ck a‘kiikvvb fkshfk~ovb pk~cdè b ha i{bcb ä v~bppb sykavb of occkefk~sh fkev~b q{ksvh jo~cdhegkgeh! b a‘ocq{o ebe do s{iihchkevk ib~}o pk~ v~oscheo~ah ???% Ao shv{o}hbek cojnhþ cbe ao ~hvh~ovo fkihehvhyo fka g~{ppb Fk J{~kv% Ha n~hgofhk~k i~oecksk! vbvoajkevk hsbaovb kf hgeo~b fh chþ cdk svoyo oyykekefb s{ v{vvb ha skvvb~k Sv{~o*Fb~o ^hpo~ho! ikck ovv~oyk~so~k ha Pb oh s{bh {bjheh! ao coyoaak~ho possþ ha Pb oa g{ofb! ao ioevk~ho s{h pbevh fkaao Fb~o k fka Pb! cdk ikch he skg{hvb ~bjpk~k ??>% Cbsá iockefb cbefoeeþ ske}o ~hjkfhb cheq{k novvogahbeh fh ioevk~ho% Ao coyoaak~ho fh p~kshfhb oh pbevh possþ ha ih{jk g{ofoefb! opp~bihvvoefb fkaao skcco ksvhyo! jo ao ioevk~ho k~o ~hjosvo cbjpakvojkevk hsbaovo% Cheq{k novvogahbeh! f{k fka Jo~cdksovb fka Jbeik~~ovb! G{o~fhk fka f{co fh Joevbyo k Nkav~ojnh! k h v~k fka ^kgghjkevb Fo{pdhe ! i{~beb cbsv~kvvh oaao ~kso??3% Ao ab~b ~kshsvke}o! ebe oppkeo sh yhfk~b onnoefbeovh! i{ q{osh by{eq{k ph{vvbsvb fknbak kf hevk~k cbjpogehk sh o~~ksk~b b oa g~{ppb f‘ossoavb fka f{co fh Soybho b oaak ib~}k fka Fo{e< Sbao f{eq{k ~hjoekyo o s{pk~o~k ao cbev~byoaao}hbek! cd‘b~o {e‘hecovkeov{~o fh nke v~kevo Ib~vhckaah {ehvh heshkjk cbe {eo spkchk fh cb~vhek% Oykyo chosc{e f‘kssh ha s{b P~kshfhb pk~ ab jkeb fh 90 {bjheh< jo he jbavh yk ek oykyo ihe‘o f{kckevb% Ao jogghb~ po~vk f‘kssh oaao p~hjo hevhjo}hbek f‘o~~kefk~sh p~hghbehk~h o fhsc~k}hbek {nnhfh~beb! k f{k sbah yh i{~beb! cdk ybaak~b ospkvvo~k ao ybck fka coeebek ??6% V~o h p~hghbehk~h yh i{ oecdk ha jo~kschoaab fh cojpb Dke~h fk Sohev*Ekcvoh~k! ik~hvb jkev~k svo iockefb v{vvb ha pbsshnhak pk~ ~hoaaheko~k k v~oeq{haah}}o~k h s{bh spoykevovh sbafovh% Pbh! ebe pkesoefb joh phø fh v~byo~k fkaak ebsv~k v~{ppk aà fbyk ebe pbvkyoeb kssk~ckek cdk fkaak ab~b! sh hjnovvè he {e phccbab fhsvoccojkevb fkaao ebsv~o coyoaak~ho cdk ab pb~vo p~hghbehk~b fkev~b Vb~heb ??;% H i~oecksh pbvk~beb o~~kefk~sh cbe {eo ck~vo shc{~k}}o< ao novvogaho! pk~ ab~b! k~o hekq{hybconhajkevk pk~so! k b~o gah oaakovh pbvkyoeb cbeckfk~k ab~b yhvo soayo% Sbahvojkevk ebe sh iockyoeb p~hghbehk~h sheb o q{oefb ao yhvvb~ho ebe k~o fh iovvb ck~vo% H p~hghbehk~h k~oeb occkvvovh fbpb cdk h cbjnovvhjkevh oefoyoeb sckjoefb! bpp{~k sk h ~kpo~vh cdk sh o~~kefkyoeb ebe oykyoeb heiahvvb g~oyh pk~fhvk ogah ovvoccoevh! cbjk opp{evb h ~kgghjkevh fhsabcovh ekaao aheko fh cbev~byoaao}hbek% Pbcdh fh q{kaah cdk sh o~~kefkyoeb shegbao~jkevk pbvkyoeb kssk~k shc{~h fh kssk~k ~hspo~jhovh< h phø sh ~of{eoyoeb osshkjk pk~ {eo jogghb~k p~bvk}hbek% Ao josso go~oevhyo! oajkeb pshcbabghcojkevk! {eo p~bvk}hbek jhgahb~k oaao yhbake}o fkaa‘oyyk~so~hb% Oaak ?9 ebe yh k~o phø {eo sbao {ehvà i~oecksk he g~ofb fh cbjnovvk~k v~o Sv{~o k Fb~o ^hpo~ho% Oe}h! cbjk {e {ehcb g~oefk ~kpo~vb he ~bvvo! ak v~{ppk scdhk~ovk eka skvvb~k Fb~o ^hpo~ho*Pb heh}ho~beb o fhsg~kgo~sh k o fo~sh oaao i{go% H p~hjh p~h jh shevbjh fh fhsg~kgo}hbek sh knnk~b ghà yk~sb jk}}bghb~eb! q{oefb cbjpo~yk~b h p~hjh sbafovh snoefovh foa cojpb fh novvogaho! k ak ybch cdk ~kcoyoeb ebe k~oeb q{kaak fh yhvvb~ho% H gkek~oah i~oecksh s{pk~svhvh oykyoeb fkchsb a‘onnoefbeb cbjpakvb fkaak bpk~o}hbeh bsshfhbeoah k ha ~hphkgojkevb s{ Phek~bab! cbeskgeoefb fh iovvb oa ekjhcb v{vvb ha jovk~hoak
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VO^H]]B! ^ogg{ogahb Hsvb~hcb chv%! p% 40% SBAO^B! Mb{~eoa Dhsvb~hq{k chv%! pp% ?3;*?39% ??> V{vvo ao ~kao}hbek fka n~hgofhk~k J{~kv ä v~osc~hvvo he PKAKV! Jkjbh~ks jhahvoh~ks chv%! pp% 9;9*9;4% ??3 Ha ^kgghjkevb G{o~fhk fka f{co fh Joevbyo! oav~hjkevh cbebsch{vb cbjk Jbeik~~ovb! k~o cbjoefovb fo P~bspk~b Gbe}ogo! jo~cdksk fh A{}}o~o% Ha Gbe}ogo k~o svovb {cchsb he cbjnovvhjkevb ha >> fhckjn~k ?70> o Gbyk~ebab% I{ sbsvhv{hvb eka ?706 foa Shgeb~k Fk Mo{cb{~v fk ao Yohsk~hk% Fhsv~{vvb o Vb~heb! i{ fkihehvhyojkevk cossovb ha 8 bvvbn~k ?709% Ha ^kgghjkevb Nkav~ojnh! akyovb ha >0 jogghb ?70;! i{ oecd‘kssb q{osh hevk~ojkevk covv{~ovb ha 9 skvvkjn~k ?709! k i{ {iihchoajkevk schbavb ha 8 bvvbn~k ?709% Ha ^kgghjkevb Fo{pdhe! s{ {eo ib~}o fh ?3;0 {bjheh! cbevþ oaao ihek fkaao novvogaho ?%>00 pk~fhvk! ihekefb yh~v{oajkevk fhsv~{vvb% [eo fkaak s{k noefhk~k ä oecb~o bggh cbesk~yovo oaa‘O~jk~ho ^koak fh Vb~heb $B% ?;(% [e oav~b ~kgghjkevb! ao c{h svb~ho bpk~ovhyo ä q{osh fka v{vvb scbebsch{vo! fhsv~{vvb eka cb~sb fkaao cojpogeo he Phkjbevk fka ?709 ä ha ^kgghjkevb Shb{gkov% Akyovb {eo p~hjo ybavo ha 9 fhckjn~k ?98; k schbavb ha ?4 ebykjn~k ?984! i{ ~hcbsvhv{hvb ha 7 gkeeohb ?70>% Fbpb oyk~ cbjnovv{vb ogah osskfh fh Yk~ckaah! Hy~ko k Yk~~{o i{ heyhovb o Vb~heb% Ha s{b fho~hb ~kgghjkevoak aocbehcojkevk ~kchvo< Fhsv~{vvb eka ?709 o Vb~heb% S[SOEK! Dhsvbh~k fk a‘Heioevk~hk chv%! Yba% Y! p% 363% ??6 VO^H]]B! ^ogg{ogahb Hsvb~hcb chv%! p% 4?% ??; Ha Sohev*Ekcvoh~k! fkvvb ‑ha jo~cdksk fh Skekvk~~k‚! i{ ik~hvb jkev~k cbjnovvkyo oaa‘oao fksv~o% I{ v~oybavb ekaao ~bvvo fkaa‘oao fksv~o k i{ covv{~ovb jkev~k yogoyo! kyhfkevkjkevk ske}o scb~vo! ekaak ~kv~byhk% SBAO^B! Mb{~eoa Dhsvb~hq{k chv%! pp% ?36*?3;% Byyhojkevk keiovh}}þ oaq{oevb a‘hjpb~voe}o oy{vo foaao coyoaak~ho fkaao g{o~ehghbek! cdk ab oykyo covv{~ovb! ekaak iosh cbeca{shyk fkaao novvogaho% KIHSHB*V^BS! Fh v~k akvvk~k hekfhvk chv%! pp% ?>*?3% ???
f‘osskfhb! of kcck}hbek fh q{oacdk pk}}b fo cojpogeo< i{~beb spk}}ovh! b heckefhovh! gah oii{svh fkh coeebeh k fkh jb~voh k iovvh kspabfk~k h jogo}}heh fh pbayk~k% Ao novvogaho k~o vkcehcojkevk ihehvo! jo hevb~eb o Vb~heb oecb~o sh cbjnovvkyo% A‘o~jovo ghgahovo he iosk fh ~hvh~ovo k~o voaabeovo foaao coyoaak~ho! jkev~k s{aao cbaaheo ak v~{ppk fkaa‘Oank~gbvvh cbevhe{oyoeb o vkek~k ao pbsh}hbek% Fh {eo cbso sh k~o pk~þ ck~vh< a‘osskfhb k~o svovb spk}}ovb kf ä cbsá cdk he q{ovv~b b~k fh vkjpb cdk ebh onnhojb pk~f{vb ha i~{vvb fh skh Cojpogek! of {sch~k fo {e poksk cdk ch k~o cbsvovb q{osh q{ovv~bckevbjhao {bjheh%%% ??9 ?3% Ao jb~vk k ao yhvvb~ho%
Ha F{co fh Soybho k ha P~hechpk K{gkehb ekaab svkssb vkjpb oefo~beb o bssk~yo~k ak ahekk ekjhcdk! k fhkfk~b gah b~fheh ekcksso~h he q{ksvk bccoshbeh pk~ osshc{~o~k h Jogo}}heh k ak J{eh}hbeh! occojpo~k ak v~{ppk! k pk~ p~kykeh~k ao ahcke}hbshvà k ha fhsb~fhek ekh q{oah phbjno {e ksk~chvb q{oefb heh}ho ha soccdkgghb% Hjphkgo~beb pk~ q{ksvb ihek f{k b v~k b~k= fbpb q{ksvb kev~o~beb he chvvà ovv~oyk~sb {e‘hjjkeso ibaao fh gkevk! g kevk! k oefo~beb he Covvkf~oak ??7% Cbsá vk~jheovo gab~hbsojkevk a‘o}hbek! S%O%^% cba P~hechpk K{gkehb! k gah oav~h P~hechph! k Gkek~oah yk~sb ao sk~o kev~þ he Vb~heb i~à ak occaojo}hbeh fh v{vvo ao Chvvà gh{nhaoevk oa ~hykfk~k ha s{b Sby~oeb soayb i~à voevh pk~hcbah! k yhvvb~hbsb fk‘ s{bh Ekjhch% Sbvvb ab sno~~b fkaa‘o~vhgahk~ho! k ha s{beb fh v{vvk ak Cojpoek oefbssbek Kaao o fh~hvv{~o cba s{b occbjpogeojkevb oaao Cdhkso Jkv~bpbahvoeo fh S% Ghbyoeeh! byk fo Jbeshgeb~‘ O~chykscbyb! k foa Cophvbab sh coevþ p~hyovojkevk ha Vk Fk{j he o}hbek fh g~o}hk o Fhb pk~ a‘bvvke{vo yhvvb~ho% Ykfkyosh o cb~~k~ fo v{vvk ak po~vh ha Pbpbab oeshbsb fh gbfk~k fkaao yhsvo fka s{b Sby~oeb! k fkgah oav~h s{bh Ahnk~ovb~h ??4% Jo kccb S%O%^% cbe ha P~hechpk K{gkehb cdk sh oyyhcheoeb oaak ebsv~k j{~o oa s{beb fkaak cojpoek kf oa ~{jb~k fkh coeebeh% Kev~oeb! i~o ak occaojo}hbeh fka pbpbab! foaao Pb~vo fh Poao}}b! cdhojovo Pb~vo fkaao Yhvvb~ho! sbeb skg{hvh fo jbavh P~hechph! Gkek~oah k foh p~hjh [iihchoah fkaa‘o~jovo ??8% H cbjoefoevh oaakovh sh svoyoeb gbfkefb ha ab~b v~hbeib! occaojovh foaao pbpbao}hbek vb~heksk cdk ykfkyo he q{kaao p~bcksshbek fh p~hechph k {iihchoah ao ihek fkaak p~hyo}hbeh fkaa‘osskfhb% Pk~ h sbafovh cdk oykyoeb cbjnovv{vb! pk~þ! ebe i{ oiiovvb iksvo% A‘ksk~chvb oaakovb! kso{svb! possþ ao ebvvk s{a cojpb fh novvogaho% Ab sv~kss fkaao novvogaho i{ skevhvb oecdk fogah {iihchoah% Ha p~hechpk fh Oedoav Fksso{ k~o svovb she foaak p~hjk iosh fkaab scbev~b he p~hjo aheko! ah eko! k pk~ s{o n{beo sb~vk ebe k~o svovb cbaphvb eè ik~hvb% H s{bh ek~yh k~oeb cbj{eq{k ossoh scbssh% Fhsv~{vvb foaao iovhco k foa coafb oyykeek cdk kev~oefb pk~ Pb~vo Poao}}b cbaak yksvh he fhsb~fhek k sb~fhfk fh pbayk~k k fh soeg{k! v{vvb v~oikaovb k ~ho~sb kev~ossk he {e coiiè cdk k~o fh {eo voak ykfbyo O~hgeoeb! k aà i~o ab sv{pb~k fkh iovvb~heh! fkaao pof~beo k fkgah occb~~kevh! q{osh i{b~h fh sè! y{bvossk o i{~ho nbcck f‘ocq{o! k iockssk g~oe g{osvb fh yosh k c~hsvoaah ?>0% Jkev~k ha cbjoefoevk p~{sshoeb fhsv~{ggkyo ha abcoak! pk~ pbh ~kco~sh ~hibchaaovb he f{bjb of oscbavo~k ha Vk Fk{j ! h s{bh {bjheh! gah oav~h sbafovh oaakovh k h p~hghbehk~h i~oecksh he ab~b c{svbfho k~oeb sihehvh foaao vkeshbek k fogah sib~}h ihshch fkaao ghb~eovo oa p{evb fo ebe pbvk~ io~ oav~b cdk ebe ibssk n{vvo~sh o vk~~o k fb~jh~k! oecdk sk jbavh {bjheh sh fkfhco~beb oa soccdkgghb% [cchfkyoeb h ik~hvh cdk cophvoyoeb ab~b! fk~{noefb k spbgahoefb h cb~ph! ojhch b ekjhch cdk ibssk~b% H jb~vh pk~fkyoeb coa}k! sco~pk! cojhchk! fhyhsk! kf k~oeb onnoefbeovh cbjpakvojkevk e{fh% Ha poeb~ojo fka cojpb fh novvogaho k~o oecdk pk~cb~sb fo sbafovh he ck~co fh akgeo pk~ c{cheo~k q{oacbso – k~oeb fhgh{eh foaa‘oano – bpp{~k hjpkgeovh o spbsvo~k jb~vh k ik~hvh o po~vk! he jbfb voak fo ~hcoyo~k {e jhehjb fh spo}hb pk~ fb~jh~k% Ebe ä ao q{ksvhbek fh kssk~k f{~h fh c{b~k! oecdk sk skh {e o{vkevhcb yhaaoeb% Jo q{oefb skh cbsá ikahck fh kssk~k scojpovb oaao ghb~eovo fhyhkeh {e pþ heskeshnhak ?>?% Voevo hefhiik~ke}o oaak sbiik~ke}k cdk sh ykfkyoeb ovvb~eb! p{þ kssk~k sphkgovo cbe a‘hevk~ykevb fh {e jkccoehsjb fh fhikso jkevoak% Pk~ q{oevb svoecdh ibssk~b h sbafovh! fhiihchajkevk ab k~oeb oa p{evb fo ebe skevh~skao fh ebe p~ksvo~k ekoecdk {e oh{vb fh kjk~gke}o oh ik~hvh% Kpp{~k e{aao i{ vkevovb sheb oa akyo~k fka sbak fkaa‘4 skvvkjn~k% Sbab he q{kaao ghb~eovo sh pb~vo~beb ak p~hjk c{~k oh ik~hvh! oe}h he Vb~heb ch sh occb~sk sbab oaab~o fkaa‘kshsvke}o fh {e ksk~chvb fh ahnk~o}hbek cdk ha ghb~eb p~hjo ebe oykyo yo~covb cbe h s{bh cbjoefovh ak j{~o fkaao chvvà% P{þ skjn~o~k {e cbjpb~vojkevb sphkvovb! jo cbecb~fo cbe q{oevb ch ä ebvb fkgah ovvkgghojkevh {joeh he shv{o}hbeh fh fhsosv~b< q{oefb jogghb~h sbeb ak fkyosvo}hbeh k ha e{jk~b fkaak yhvvhjk! jogghb~k ä ekh s{pk~svhvh hjpbvke}o! i~{sv~o}hbek k ha skesb fkaa‘hek~}ho% Ak novvogahk sbeb! pk~ cdh yh cbjnovvk! fkh fhsosv~h% S{ {eo ioscho fh vk~~keb ao~go jkfhojkevk 3 lj k p~bibefo 9 ghockyoeb h cb~ph fh bav~k 9%000 {bjheh! jbavh fkh q{oah ik~hvh g~oykjkevk k he p~kfo o vk~~hnhah sbiik~ke}k% Sk ao yhsvo sbii~hyo eka ykfk~k ab sv~o}hb cdk ha cojpb fh novvogaho jbsv~oyo! ekaao coa{~o ksvhyo a‘baiovvb k~o cbevkjpb~oekojkevk ossoahvb foaak ikvhfk ksoao}hbeh fkh cb~ph spoccovh k foaa‘bfb~k ochfb fka soeg{k cbog{aovb% Ab spkvvocbab fka vk~~keb pbvkyo kssk~k fh q{oacdk hevk~kssk pk~ q{kgah {iihchoah copoch fh fhjbsv~o~k {e jhehjb fh fhsvoccb p~biksshbeoak% H cb~ph fkh ~kpo~vh phø fhschpaheovh ghockyoeb he ahekk ~kgbao~h! ojj{ccdhovh fbyk sh k~oeb ojjossovh pk~ a‘ovvoccb! bpp{~k hsbaovh s{ {e‘o~ko phø yosvo aà fbyk c‘k~o svovo {e‘o}hbek fh coyoaak~ho% Ebefhjkeb! sk gah {bjheh sbvvb ha v{b cbjoefb ykfbeb h ab~b cojk~ovh aoschovh ske}o skpbav{~o! c~kfk~oeeb o n{be ~oghbek cdk so~oeeb v~ovvovh cbe ab svkssb fhsp~k}}b sk occof~à ab~b fh jb~h~k ?>>% H sbafovh ~o~ojkevk oykyoeb a‘bppb~v{ehvà sh cbjpb~~k h ab~b ojhch eka ??9
Jkjbh~ks fk ao fk~ehk~k g{k~~k he Hvoahk chv%! p% ??7% Vdk Jhahvo~x Dhsvb~x chv%! pp% ?;6*?;;% ??4 VO^H]]B! ^ogg{ogahb Hsvb~hcb chv%! pp% 4>*43% ??8 SBAO^B! Mb{~eoa Dhsvb~hq{k chv%! p% ?34% ?>0 F% CO^[VVH! Svb~ho fka ~kgeb fh Yhvvb~hb Ojkfkb HH ! Ih~ke}k ?493! p% >88% ?>? C% M% AHGEK! I~ogjkevs fk a‘dhsvb~hk fk jo yhk! Yba% HH! Po~hs ?8>4! p% 7% ?>> O%E% SOEVO C^[] X JO^CKEOFB! ^èiakthbes jhahvoh~ks kv pbahvhq{ks! Yba% YH! Ak Dog{k ?760! p% ?4>% ??7
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