FROM FARM TO FOREST Presentation Presentation of two methods for restoring native forests: That Dr. Dr. Akira Miyawak and Dr. Dr. Stephen Eiott. !ovem"er #$ %&#% ' %&#% ' "y Syvia Ramos ' Ramos ' in Reforestation Pro(e)t$ Pro(e)t $ T Trees rees and Shr*"s. Shr*"s. "y Sylvia Ramos$ "irdwat)hers and "ird photographer. photographer. +og: http://mindingthefarm.wordpress.com
Additiona information from +en(amin ,isan$ engineer. engineer.
-hen peope think of panting trees$ they *s*ay think of either ands)aping or tree farming. ,ands) ,ands)api aping ng is ike ike interi interior or de)ora de)oratio tion$ n$ "*t with with pants pants.. The goa goa is to )reat )reate e "ea*ti "ea*tif* f* s*rro*ndings *sing pants$ nat*ra feat*res ike ro)ks$ water$ and sh and aso man/made feat feat*r *res es ik ike fen) fen)es es$$ and and "*i "*idi ding ngs. s. ,and ,ands) s)ap aping ing *s*a *s*ay y re0* re0*ir ires es a ot ot of )are )are and and maintenan)e. Tree farming *s*ay invoves panting one spe)ies of trees for the p*rpose of prod* prod*)in )ing g *m"er *m"er.. 1n the Phiipp Phiippine ines$ s$ pop*ar pop*ar spe)ie spe)ies s for tree tree farmin farming g are are fast/g fast/gro rowin wing g e2oti)s s*)h as mahogany and and gemelina. At the farm$ we pan to do reforestation. The goa of reforestation is to restore the )ompe2 and diverse ife forms that )o/e2ist in a nat*ra forest. These in)*de not (*st trees "*t aso "ird "irds$ s$ inse inse)t )ts$ s$ soi soi anim anima as$ s$ tree trees s and and *nde *nderr stor storey ey pan pants ts.. On)e On)e a nat* nat*ra ra for forest est is esta"ished$ it does not re0*ire any *pkeep or maintenan)e. 1t is possi"e to see positive Rainfor ores estat tation ion:: A Para Paradig digm m Shift Shift in Fores Forest t )han )hange ges s in 3/## 3/## year years$ s$ s*)h s*)h as: as: 4fr 4from 5 Rainf Restoration in the Philippines for Sustainability and Climate Change Mitigation 6 "y Pa)ien)ia P. Mian$ PhD$ 7niversity Professor 8isayas$ State 7niversity$ presented d*ring the Mindanao Rainforest Restoration For*m9 o o o o o o
improvement improvement of soi )hemi)a properties improvement improvement of soi str*)t*re and water hoding )apa)ity improvement improvement of soi organi) matter and soi )oor 4darker is "etter9 improvement improvement of n*trient stat*s improvement improvement of "ioogi)a a)tivity improvement improvement of mi)ro)imate 4)ooer9
TWO INTERESTIN !ET"O#S
There are are many dierent dierent reforestation reforestation methods. The The two that so*nd so*nd most interesting interesting and promising are the !iyawa$i !ethod and the %ramewor$ Species !ethod of #r. #r. Stephen Elliott. These two methods seem to have high s*))ess rates in short periods of time. %R&!EWOR' S(E)IES !ET"O#
The Framework Framework Spe)ies Method was deveoped deveoped in A*straia and has "een *sed in northern Thaiand sin)e #;;<. A"o*t =& spe)ies of trees trees are see)ted see)ted as the 5framework 5framework spe)ies6. spe)ies6. The *timate goa however is to have even more spe)ies at the site that wi "e "ro*ght in "y the "irds$ inse)ts$ and animas that were attra)ted "y the framework spe)ies. ST&ES O% SITE #ER&#&TION:
1n this method$ a site is )ategori>ed as Stage #$ %$ =$ <$ or ?. Ea)h stage re0*ires a dierent restoration approa)h. Stage one has the east degradation$ Stage ? has the most degradation o Stage # @ there are a ot of regeneration so*r)es at the site. 1ntervention: prote)t e2isting vegetation from re and harvesting$ prote)t widife from h*nting o Stage % @ more trees have "een removed$ weed are "eginning to take over. Fewer spe)ies at the site 1ntervention: prote)tion$ weeding$ appying fertii>er. Stage = @ weeds are dominating site$ so*r)es of nat*ra regeneration are ins*)ient$ re o risk is high. There are sti some remnant trees and some widife to a)t as seed dispersers. 1ntervention @ same as Stage %$ "*t with additiona tree panting of framework spe)ies
o
o
Stage < @ no trees as seed so*r)es remaining. 1ntervention: same as Stage =$ "*t with more spe)ies of trees at high density$ s*)h as in the Miyawaki method. This is e2pensive and intensive and mainy appi)a"e to sma$ *r"an sites. Stage ? @ even weeds have a hard time growing$ soi erosion is signi)ant. 1ntervention: pant whatever )an grow$ even e2oti) spe)ies to hep re"*id the soi. Then$ move to Stage < or =.
)RITERI& %OR SE*E)TIN %R&!EWOR' S(E)IES TREES
This is Dr. EiottBs denition of a framework spe)ies tree: 5Framework Spe)ies are indigeno*s forest tree spe)ies that enhan)e nat*ra forest regeneration and a))eerate "iodiversity re)overy.6 The trees m*st meet the foowing )riteria: m*st s*rvive we when panted in deforested areas o m*st have dense spreading )rowns to shade o*t weeds sho*d attra)t seed/dispersing animas "y prod*)ing fr*it$ ne)tar$ nesting sites$ and o per)hing sites if possi"e$ m*st "e resistant to re o o
%R&!EWOR' S(E)IES S+))ESS STOR, E2)erpt from tak given "y Dr. Steve Eiott. FORR7 is the Forest Restoration Resear)h 7nit at Chiang Mai 7niversity.
FORR7Bs res*ts *sing framework spe)ies have "een very en)o*raging. Appro2imatey si2 years after panting$ the str*)t*re of the forest )an amost "e re)overed$ with strati)ation of arge pioneers and smaer )ima2 spe)ies. Spe)ies diversity aso in)reases. At a demonstration site$ for e2ampe$ Dr. EiottBs team panted =& framework tree spe)ies that fostered the re)r*itment of an additiona 4non/panted9 % tree spe)ies within /; years. Moreover$ within three years mammas "egan to ret*rn 4pigs$ deer9 and "ird diversity (*mped from =& spe)ies "efore panting to spe)ies si2 years ater$ representing 3= of the "ird )omm*nity of the nearest nat*ra forest. from: !eide$ G.D.$ Cons*n(i$ H.$ ,a"o>etta$ G.$ Cae$ A. and G. Mateo/8ega$ eds. %&#%. Mainstreaming Native Species-ased Forest Restoration: !"#$ Conference Proceedings . !ew Haven$ CT: Iae 7niversityJ Panama City: Smithsonian Tropi)a Resear)h 1nstit*te. 1S+! ;/ ;;3%/3#
o o o
o
This method wo*d work very we if there is remaining nat*ra forest near"y$ *p to #& km of the farm. Fre0*ent weeding is ne)essary for *p to % years after panting. Trees are randomy positioned a)ross the site. Average distan)e "etween ad(a)ent trees is #. m 4a"o*t =$&3 trees per he)tareK9. Density )an "e red*)ed if nat*ray esta"ished tree seedings are present. !at*ray esta"ished trees sho*d "e prote)ted
-I-*IOR&(", / RE%EREN)E ON #R STE("EN E**IOTT !ET"O#:
+ooks: Eiott$ S.$ D. +akesey and L. Hardwi)k$ Restoring #ropical Forests: a Practical %uide . Lew P*"i)ations$ ,ondon$ %&#= in press. Arti)es papers : Propagating frame&or' tree species to restore seasonally dry tropical forest: implications of seasonal seed dispersal and dormancy $ David +akeseya$ Stephen Elliott$ Cherdsak L*arak"$ P*ttipong !avakit"*mr*ng"$ S*darat Nangk*m"$ 8iaiwan An*sarns*nthorn"$ Forest
E)oogy and Management$ 8o*me #3<$ 1ss*es #@= $ #3< 4# (*y %&&%9 =#@=$ Pri)e : =#$?& $ http:www.s)ien)edire)t.)oms)ien)earti)epiiS&=##%&#&&3&;& 1nternet Pages: Eiott S$ !avakit"*mr*ng P$ L*arak C$ Nank*m S$ An*sarns*nthorn 8$ +akesey D$ %&&=. Selecting frame&or' tree species for restoring seasonally dry tropical forests in northern #hailand based on (eld performance. For E)o Manage #<:#/#;#$ http:www.dnp.go.thf)a#3ear)div)in)3*nk.pdf #hailand) restoration of seasonally dry tropical forest using the Frame&or' Species Method $ David +akesey 4Horti)*t*re Resear)h 1nternationa$ 7L9 and Dr Steve Eiott 4Forest Restoration Resear)h 7nit$ Chiang Mai 7niversity$ Thaiand9$ http:www.*nep/ w)m).orgmediai"rary%&##&?%<%<#)&)Thaiand%?%&highres.pdf !*ects of seed traits on the success of direct seeding for restoring southern #hailand+s lo&land evergreen forest ecosystem $ Panitnard T*n(ai$ Stephen Eiott$ !ew Forests$ May %&#%$ 8o*me <=$ 1ss*e =$ pp =#;/===$ http:rd.springer.)om)ontentpdf#&.#&&%Fs##&?3/&##/ ;%=/ 4PDF9. Forest restoration planting in northern #hailand$ . Pakkad$ S. Eiott$ 8. An*sarns*nthorn$ C. Games Q D. +akesey$ http:www.fao.orgdo)rep&&?AC3<Ea)3<e&e.htm #esting the Frame&or' Species Method for Forest Restoration) in Chiang Mai) Northern #hailand$ Prasit -A!PALAPATTA!A-O! Q Stephen E,,1OTT$ -aaiak G S)i Q Te)h %&&J ?4#9: #/#?.$ http:www.*nep/w)m).orgmediai"rary%&##&?%<%<#)&)Thaiand %?%&highres.pdf S)ienti)s papers of Dr Stephen Eiott 4http:www.forr*.orgFORR7Eng-e"sitePagesengs)ienti)papers.htm 9 : Papers in "*e have either f* te2t or a"stra)t avaia"e to downoad : +,ALES,EI$ D.$ PALLAD$ .$ GAMES$ C.$ TORRE$ F. and E,,1OTT$ S. %&&<. eneti) diversity of Castanopsis acuminatissima 4+.9 A. DC. in northern Thaiand and the see)tion of seed trees for reforestation. !ew Forests %: ;/#&&. +,ALES,EI$ D. and S. E,,1OTT$ %&&<. Trees of 'nowledge . Eden Pro(e)t Friends$ #<:#
E,,1OTT$ S. and +,ALES,EI$ D. %&&=. Eden helps restore Thailand1s tropical forests . Eden Pro(e)t Friends #&: ==/=?. E,,1OTT$ S. and D. +,ALES,EI$ %&&%a. Reaping the rewards of reforestation. *ideines ;4#%9:%ation on Doi S*thep/P*i !ationa Park . Pro)eedings of the internationa symposi*m on *r"ani>ation and forests$ Chiang Mai 7niversity . pp 3/3 E,,1OTT$ S.$ G.$ LER+I$ D. +,ALES,EI$ L. HARD-1CL$ L. -OODS and 8. A!7SAR!S7!THOR! 4Eds9$ %&&&. Forest Restoration for -idife Conservation. Chiang Mai 7niversity$ <<& pp. E,,1OTT$ S. G. LER+I$ 8. +A1MA1 and A. LAOSA/ARD$ %&&&. 1mpementing the Chiang Mai Agenda Pp <#/<%& in E,,1OTT$ S.$ G.$ LER+I$ D. +,ALES,EI$ L. HARD-1CL$ L. -OODS and 8. A!7SAR!S7!THOR! 4Eds9$ Forest Restoration for -idife Conservation. Chiang Mai 7niversity. E,,1OTT$ S.$ P. !A8AL1T+7MR7!$ S. NA!L7M$ C. L7ARAL$ G. LER+I$ D. +,ALES,EI and 8. A!7SAR!S7!THOR!$ %&&&. Performan)e of si2 native tree spe)ies$ panted to restore degraded forestand in northern Thaiand and their response to fertiiser. Pp %<
H1TCHCOCL$ D. and S. E,,1OTT$ #;;;. Forest restoration resear)h in northern Thaiand$ 111: O"servations of "irds feeding in mat*re Hovenia d*)is Th*n". 4Rhamna)eae9. !at. Hist. +*. Siam So). <:#<;/#?%. LHOPA1$ O. and S. E,,1OT$ %&&=. The ee)ts of forest restoration a)tivities on the spe)ies diversity of nat*ray esta"ishing trees and gro*nd Uora. Chapter % 4pp%;?/=#?9 in$ Sim$ H. C.$ S. Appanah and P. +. D*rst$ +ringing +a)k the Forests: Poi)ies and Pra)ti)es for Degraded ,ands and Forests. Food and Agri)*t*re Organi>ation of the 7nited !ations$ +angkok$ Thaiand. LOPACHO!$S$ L. S7R1IA$ S. P,7L7M$ . PALAAD$ P. !A8AL1T+7MR7!$ G. F. MA-E,,$ 8. A!7SAR!S7!THOR!$ !. C. AR-OOD$ D. +,ALES,EI and S.Eiott #;;. Forest restoration resear)h in northern Thaiand: %. The fr*its$ seeds and seedings of %luta usitata 4-a.9 Ho* 4Ana)ardia)eae9 . !at. Hist. +*. Siam So).
PALLAD$ .$ E,,1OTT$ S. and +,ALES,EI$ D. 4%&&<9.See)tion of Prunus cerasoides D. Don seed trees for forest restoration. !ew Forests 8o % : #/;. PALLAD$ .$ TORRE$ F.$ E,,1OTT$ S. and +,ALES,EI$ D. %&&=. See)ting seed trees for a forest restoration program: a )ase st*dy *sing Spondias aillaris Ro2". 4Ana)ardia)eae9. Forest E)oogy and Management #%: =3=/%&. PALLAD$ .$ GAMES$ C.$ TORRE$ F.$ E,,1OTT$ S. and +,ALES,EI$ D. 4%&&=9. eneti) variation of Prunus cerasoides D. Don$ a framework tree spe)ies in northern Thaiand. !ew Forest 8o %: #;/%&&. PALLAD$ .$ S. E,,1OTT$ 8. A!7SAR!S7!THOR!$ C. GAMES and D. +,ALES,EI$ %&&%. Forest restoration panting in northern Thaiand. Pp #<= @ #?= in Loskea$ S$ S. Appanah$ A. P. Anderson and M. D. Markopo*os 4Eds.9 Pro)eedings of the So*theast Asian Moving -orkshop on Conservation$ Management and 7tii>ation of Forest eneti) Reso*r)es. FORSPA$ +angkok. PALLAD$ .$ S. E,,1OTT$ G. F. MA-E,, and 8. A!7SAR!S7!THOR!$ #;;;. !orphological data2ase of fr0its and seeds of trees in #oi S0thep4(0i National (ar$ . 1n 5Resear)h Reports on +iodiversity in Thaiand6$ p*"ished "y the +iodiversity Resear)h and Training Program 4+RT9$ +angkok. PALLAD$ .$ MANROOE1$ S.A. $ +,ALES,EI$ D.$ GAMES$ C.$ E,,1OT S.$ ,7OMA/AHO$ T.$ and G. LOSLE,A 4%&&9 eneti) variation and gene Uow among Prunus cerasoides D. Don pop*ations in northern Thaiand : anaysis of a reha"iitated site and ad(a)ent inta)t forest. !ew Forests. R18ERA$ .$ E,,1OT$ S.$ CA,DAS$ ,.$ !1CO,OSS1$ .$ CORAD1!$ 8. and R.+ORCHERT$ %&&%. 1n)reasing day/ength ind*)es spring U*shing of tropi)a dry forest trees in the a"sen)e of rain. Trees: #3$ <
!I,&W&'I !ET"O#
The Miyawaki Method of forest restoration was deveoped "y Dr. Akira Miyawaki in the #;3&Vs after st*dying nat*re )onservation and restoration in ermany *nder Professor Reinhod T*e2en. One of his eary forest restoration pro(e)t was at the Iokohama !ationa 7niversity where a gof )o*rse with no inta)t forests was restored.
The site was originay the Hodogaya Co*ntry C*"$ the rst gof )o*rse in Gapan
%&#& photos from 5Thirty/seven Iears of Restoration Res*ts and F*t*re Prospe)ts for the Miyawaki Method "y La>*e F*(iwara Q Akira Miyawaki Prof. Emerita I!7 Q Prof. IC7$ ka>*eWyn*.a).(p 6 The Miyawaki Method has sin)e spread from Gapan to other )o*ntries$ mosty in Asia "*t aso in Mediterranean )o*ntries.
%E&T+RES O% !I,&W&'I !ET"O#
Dense Pantation @ sapings are panted )osey together to promote faster growth d*e to )ompetition for ight among the spe)ies. Re)ommended are %/= sapings per s0*are meter or *p to #%$&&& sapings per he)tare. 1n a nat*ra forest$ pants sho*d "e a"e to )ompete$ ed*re$ and )o/e2ist. o Mi2 of spe)ies @ see)tion of the spe)ies to "e panted is key. The idea wo*d "e to pant the native )anopy spe)ies that are most ikey to have "een growing nat*ray at the site. Try to imagine what the site was ike "efore peope )ame into the pi)t*re and pant those spe)ies. o -e/prepared potted sapings @ A))ording to Dr. Miyawaki$ most native spe)ies have strong tap roots. This makes them hard to transpant$ so the seeds are started o*t in pots for easier transpanting. The sapings are ready to transpant when their roots *p the pot and they are a"o*t ?&/& )m ta. The potted sapings are then taken to the site and eft to a))imati>e for *p to < weeks "efore they are panted. o Rea vs Fake Pants @ Dr. Miyawaki des)ri"es pants as either rea or fake. Fake pants may ook "ea*tif*$ "*t re0*ire a ot of )are and maintenan)e. They are aso ess ikey to s*rvive storms and "ad weather. !ative pants are the rea pants . They ony re0*ire maintenan)e s*)h as m*)hing$ weeding and watering for the rst two years. He said that if a pant sti re0*ires maintenan)e after ? years$ it is a fake pantK o
Miyawaki Method
Miyawaki Panting Method Mi2ed spe)ies and random panting with a panting density of threee seeding per meter s0*are.
!iyawa$i !ethod6 2efore and after
Photos from 5Restoration and E)osystem Heath Assessment of Degraded and Reha"iitated Forests "y Prof. Drk. !ik M*hamad Ma(id Fa)*ty of Forestry 7niversiti P*tro Maaysia6 The foowing i*strations are from the Mits*"ishi Corporation we"site:
The !iyawa$i !ethod
So*r)e : http:www.mits*"ishi)orp.)om(pen)sr)ontri"*tioneartha)tivities&=a)tivities&=/ &%.htm
#9 Mi2ed .ipterocarp Forest$ %9 Shifting )*tivated Fied$ =9 $schaemum-Melastoma )omm*nity$ <9 .ilfenia S)r*"$ ?9 Macaranga-Ficus )omm*nity Fig. A s*))ession of vegetation in the order/nat*ra forest @ Shifting )*tivated ed @ se)ondairy grassand / s)r*" / yo*ng se)ondary forest in the vi)inity of +int**$ Sarawak$ Maaysia. Secondary s0ccession diagram of 20rned nat0ral forest6 !alaysia.
So*r)e : http:www.af/info.or.(p"*epanetdo)essay%&&3essay/miyawaki.pdf
"ow to Esta2lish yo0r own Native Tree N0rsery
Sin)e the germination potentia of seeds "egins to deteriorate a"o*t two weeks after they fa$ they are immediatey gathered and panted in seed "eds.
-hen the germinated pants have prod*)ed two to si2 eaves$ they are transpanted from the seed "eds to pots. -hen the pants are =& to ?& )entimeters ta and have root systems that the pots$ the ne2t stage is intensive$ mi2ed panting at the rate of two to three pants per s0*are meter. However$ potted pants )annot "e trans/ panted immediatey. 1n a tropi)a forest$ ea)h tree over ?& meters ta is s*rro*nded "y a throng of a"o*t #$?&& des)endants. The pants need to "e)ome a))imati>ed in this nat*ra environment$ so the pots are set o*t in a s*ita"e o)ation$ s*)h as ad(a)ent to the e2isting forest$ for a period of "etween one and fo*r weeks$ depending on the spe)ies of tree and weather )onditions at the time. They are then moved to the area to "e reforested and are panted in a nat*ra fashion.
Pant on an *p d* enty remove e. "ow To (lant (otted
7se nger to eve the soi and p*sh the seeding down sighty.
,ay straw$ dried grass$ or other m*)h over the "are gro*nd aro*nd the seeding at a right ange to the sope. This wi prevent drying$ )ontro soi erosion$ and inhi"it weed growth. The m*)h wi aso de)ompose into nat*ra fertii>er.
D*ring the rst two years$ p* o*t or o*t "a)k weeds "efore they )an )hoke the seeding and hod water in e2tremey dry periods. 1n the third year$ pro)eed on a argey maintenan)e/free "asis.
Seedlings with the !iyawa$i !ethod
So*r)e : http:www.mits*"ishi)orp.)om(pen)sr)ontri"*tioneartha)tivities&=a)tivities&=/ &=.htm S+IT&-*E TREES %OR T"E ("I*I((INES
This is the ist of trees for panting at Iokohama Tires in Cark$ Pampanga *sing the Miyawashi Method. The soi at the site 5was fo*nd to "e ow in water/hoding )apa)ity and depeted of n*trients as a res*t of vo)ani) ash. 1n this )ase$ site preparationre0*ired rst s)rapping the ash and then enhan)ing the topsoi with )ompost and )hi)ken d*ng. Dr. Edwino Fernando heped )hoose the spe)ies "est s*ited for panting$ and was assisted "y
;&& peope from the s*rro*nding )omm*nities in the panting pro)ess. The trees have shown phenomena growth in ess than two years$ with some having grown as ta as 3.? M.6 from: 1S+! ;/;;3%/3#
Trees ist for Phiippine : #. %. =. <. ?. 3. . . ;. #&. ##. #%. #=. #<. #?. #3.
Am*gis 4/oodersiodendron pinnatum9 Am*yong 4%oniothalarnus amuyon9 +aakat 4 0i1igium talmai9 +aakat g*"at 4ala'ata lu1oniensis9 +an*yo 42allaceodendron celebicum9 +ignai 4 Antidesma bunius9 +itaog 4Calophylum inophyllum9 +oon 4Platymitra arborea9 Dao 4.racontomelon dao9 D*kitan 4Pouteria duclitan9 D*ngon 4,entiera sylvatica9 1ang/iang4Cananga odorata9 1pi 4$ntsia bi3uga9 Laantas 4#oona calantas 9 Laingag 4Cinnamomum mercadoi9 La*mpit 4#erminalia microcarpa9
#. #. #;. %&. %#. %%. %=. %<. %?. %3. %. %. %;. =&. =#. =%.
Lamagong 4.iospyros blercoi9 #. ,amio 4.racontomelon edule9 ,igote 4Sy1ygium polycephaloides9 Ma"*not 4%omphandra lu1oniensis9 Maga"*yo 4Celtis lu1onica9 Makaasim 4Sy1ygium nitidum9 Maaipi 4 Af1elia bomeensis9 Moave 44ite parvi5ora9 Paosapis 4 Anisoptera thurifera9 Pangom"oien 4Sy1ygium simile9 Sap*ngan 4,opea plagata9 Tagotoi 4Pala6uium fo&orthyi9 Toog 4Petersianthus 6uadrilatus9 -hite a*an 4Shorea contorta9 Maa"*ho 4Sterculia oblongata9 +ainghasai 4uchanania arborescens9
Preiminary ist of spe)ies re)ommended for panting trees in Iokohama$ Cark$ Pampanga 47o'ohama #ires Tree Panting ,ist9. So*r)es : http:mindingthefarm.es.wordpress.)om%&#%##s)reen/shot/%&#%/##/&#/at/#&/ #/=3/am.png Q http:mindingthefarm.es.wordpress.)om%&#%##g*idetorainforestationtim"erspe)ies #.pdf A list of planted trees for reforestation in Malaysia No.
Species Name
1
Shorea atrinervosa
18Shorea parvifolia
35Cotylelobium malayanum
2
Shorea balanocarpoides
19Shorea puauciflora
36Cotylelobium melanoylon
3
Shorea beccariana
2!Shorea rubella
3"#puna borneensis
$
Shorea brunnescens
21Shorea scaberrima
38%atica cuspidata
5
Shorea crassa
22Shorea scabrida
39%atica man&ac'apoi
6
Shorea dasyphylla
23Shorea venutosa
$!%atica nitens
"
Shorea domatiosa
2$Hopea beccariana
$1%atica (enulosa
8
Shorea gibbosa
25Hopea bracteata
$2)racontomelon dao
9
Shorea glaucescens
26Hopea kerangasensis
$3*luta +allic'ii
Shorea laxa
2"Hopea pentanervia
$$Man&ifera pa,an&
11 Shorea leprosula
28Parashorea parvifolia
$5-aris'ia insi&nis
12
Shorea macrophylla
29Parashorea smythiesii
$6-aris'ia main&ayi
13
Shorea macroptera
3!Dryobalanops aromatica
$"-entaspadon motleyi
1$
Shorea maxwelliana
31Dryobalanops beccarii
$8Neou(aria acuminatissima
15
Shorea mecistopteryx
32Dipterocarpus rigidus
$9Alstonia an&ustifolia
16
Shorea multiflora
33Dipterocarpus stellatus
5!Alstonia an&ustiloba
1"
Shorea ovata
3$Cotylelobium burckii
1!
So*r)e : http:www.mits*"ishi)orp.)om(pen)sr)ontri"*tioneartha)tivities&=a)tivities&=/ &#.htm A list of planted trees for reforestation in ra/il No. Species Name 1
Euterpe oleracea
16Inga alba
31Eugenia cumuni
2
Calophyllum angulare
1"Cassia mangium
32Eugenia moleccensis
3
irola guianensis
18Diplotropis purpurea
33Cariniana integrifolia
$
irola surinamensis
19Swarti!ia leptopetala
3$Eschweilera matamata
5
irola melinoni
2!Swarti!ia acuminata
35"erminalia tanibouca
6
Ceiba pentandra
21Cassia alata
36#i!ophora mangue
"
$ombax spruceanum
22Simaruba amara
3"$agassa guianensis
8
%chroma pyramidae
23"rattinickia burserifolia
38$rosimum ovatifolium
9
Sterculia speciosa
2$Cedrella gla!iovii
39&oannesia princeps
"heobroma sylvestris
25Carapa guianensis
$!Hevea brasiliensis
1!
11 "heobroma grandiflorum
26Swietenia macrophylla
$1 'spidosperma desmanthum
12
(acrobium bifolium
2"Cedrella odorata
$2Cordia goeldiana
13
Pterocarpus ama!onicus
28Cedrella fissilis
$3"abebuia serratifolia
1$
(acrolobium acaciaefolium
29"apirira guianensis
15
%rmosia getuilana
3!Spondias lutea
So*r)e : http:www.mits*"ishi)orp.)om(pen)sr)ontri"*tioneartha)tivities&=a)tivities&=/ &<.htm The we"site Rainforest 1nformation Porta has a downoada"e ist of native Phiippine trees divided into ? gro*ps: Ta"e # S*n demanding indigeno*s tree spe)ies re)ommended in Prod*)tion$ Restoration and 7r"an Areas with vo)ani) soi. Ta"e % Shade toerant o)a forest tree spe)ies re)ommended in Prod*)tion$ o Restoration and 7r"an Areas with vo)ani) sois. Ta"e = S*n demanding forest tree spe)ies that e)ienty shade o*t weeds if panted o )osey. Ta"e < S*n demanding forest tree spe)ies re)ommended in imestone areas. o Ta"e ? 1ndigeno*s forest trees re)ommended for ha"itat restorationwidife o )onservation with reprod*)tive parts eaten "y some animas "ased on ed o"servations. o
*idetoRainforestationTim"erSpe)ies pdf
Str*)t*re of tropi)a rainforest So*r)e : http:www.mits*"ishi)orp.)om(pen)sr)ontri"*tioneartha)tivities&=a)tivities&=/ &=.htm -I-*IOR&(", / RE%EREN)E ON !I,&W&'I !ET"O#:
+ooks in Engish: #he ,ealing Po&er of Forests: #he Philosophy ehind Restoring !arth8s alance 2ith Native #rees$ ave) Egene Owen +o2$ %&&$ 1S+! ;/
Pages 1nternet:
Creative !cology: Restoration of Native Forests by Native #rees $ Akira Miya-aki$ Pant +iote)hnoogy 4Review9$ #34#9$ #?/%? 4#;;;9$ http:www.wd)/ (p."i>pdfstore(sp)m"pdfp"#3#p"#3#&#?.pdf 4in Engish9. R!S#=RA#$=N =F #R=P$CA" RA$NF=R!S#S AS!. =N 4!%!#A#$=N !C="=%7 > $#S S$%N$F$CANC!) R!S9"#S AN. 4$S$=N F=R #,! F9#9R! $ Leynote Address$ Akira Miyawaki$ Reha"iitation of Tropi)a Rainforest E)osystems$ %< @ %? O)to"er %&##$ L*aa ,*mp*r$ www.forr%.*pm.ed*.myfrpimagesa"stra)t3#.pdf 4in Engish9. Akira Miyawaki$ -ikipedia FranYais$ http:fr.wikipedia.orgwikiAkiraMiyawaki 4in Fren)h9. Fi)he de Am"assade de Fran)e s*r a mXthode Miyawaki$ s*ite Z *ne mission 1!RA $ http:www.am"afran)e/(p.org1Mpdfforesterie)he.pdf 4PDF9 4in Fren)h9. 4en9 So*r)e prin)ipae : So*r)e prin)ipae : Do). de synth[se rXaisX Z o))asion d* pri2 %&&3 attri"*X Z Miyawaki par Asahi ass Fo*ndation de Tokyo$ ave) i*stration$ e2empes de )artes de vXgXtation 4en Angais9$ http:www.af/info.or.(p"*epanetdo)essay%&&3essay/ miyawaki.pdf 4PDF9 4in Engish9. %&&3 +*e Panet Pri>e Commemorative ,e)t*res$ For establishing a theory to restore and to reconstruct forests based on the concept of ?Potential natural vegetation? and by implementing the theory succeeded in reconstructing disaster-preventing environment-conserving forests and tropical forests) contributed in restoring the green on earth $ Dr. &$ira !iyawa$i 4Gapan9$ Dire)tor$ Gapanese Center for 1nternationa St*dies in E)oogy 4G1SE9$ http:www.af/info.or.(pen"*epanetdo)ist%&&3essay/miyawaki.pdf http:www.af/info.or.(pen"*epanetdo)prof%&&3proe/eng.pdf www.af/info.or.(p"*epanetdo)e)t%&&3e)t/(/miyawaki.pdf 4Gapanese9. www.af/info.or.(pp*"i)ationdo)nenpo*%&&3.pdf 4Gapanese9. www.af/info.or.(p"*epanetdo)prof%&&3proe/(.pdf 4Gapanese9. Restoration and !cosystem ,ealth Assessment of .egraded and Rehabilitated Forests $ Prof. Dr. !ik M*hamad Ma(id$ Fa)*ty of Forestry$ 7niversiti P*tra Maaysia$ <=<&&$ Serdang$ Seangor$ Maaysia$ http:www."iodi).go.(pg"mg"onPDF&%%a.m#Dr.Ma(id.pdf 4in Engish9.
Referen)e Q p*"i)ations: \ A. Miyawaki$ #;;%. Restoration of Evergreen +road/eaved Forests in the Pa)i) Region. 1n: M.L. -ai 4ed.9. !cosystem Rehabilitaiton@ @ !cosystem Analysis and synthesis %==/%
Miyawaki A et a. 4#;=9. Hand"ook of Gapanese 8egetation$ Shi"*ndo$ Tokyo Miyawaki A 4#;&/#;;9. 8egetation of Gapan. vo. #/#& Miyawaki A 4#;?9. 8egetation/E)oogi)a St*dies on Mangrove Forests in Thaiand$ 1nst. Environ. S)i. Te)hn. Iokohama !at. 7niv.$ Iokohama Miyawaki A$ +ogenrider$ S. Ok*da Q 1. -hite 4#;9. 8egetation E)oogy and Creation of !ew Environments. Pro)eedings of 1nternationa Symp. in Tokyo and Phytogeographi)a E2)*rsion thro*gh Centra Gapan. Tokai 7niv. Press$ Tokyo Miyawaki A$ Q E. O. +o2 4#;;39. The Heaing Power of Forests /The Phiosophy "ehind Restoring Earths +aan)e with !ative Trees. %3 p. Losei P*"ishing Co. Tokyo Miyawaki A$ Pants and H*man 4!HL +ooks9 Miyawaki A$ The ,ast Day for Man 4Chik*ma Sho"o9 Miyawaki A$ Testimony "y reen Pants 4Tokyo Shoseki9 Miyawaki A$ Pres)ription for Restoration of reen Environments 4Asahi Shin"*n/sha9 Miyawaki A$ Chin(*/no/mori 4!ative Forests of !ative Trees9 4Shin)ho/sha9. E2terna inks: Gapanese Center for 1nternationa St*dies in E)oogy "iographi)a page$ a))essed %= A*g*st %&## 4http:www.(ise.(pE!E!miyawaki.htm 9 Iokohama R*""er Co. page on Iokohama Forever Forest pro(e)t$ a))essed %= A*g*st %&## 4http:www.yr).)o.(p)srenfeat*refeat*re#inde2%.htm Q www.yr).)o.(p)sren 9. So*r)e on Mrs Sylvia Ramos 1nternet page$ presenting these two methods: http:mindingthefarm.wordpress.)om%&#%##&#from/farm/to/forest On the other native forests restoration methods: Sgr^$ C.M.$ A. G. ,owe and A. A. Homann$ %&##. uilding evolutionary resilience for conserving biodiversity under climate change . Evo*tionary Appi)ations < 4%9: =%3/== ,am"$ D.$ %&##.Regreening the +are His. Springer ?<pp. Manso*rian$ S.$ D. 8aa*ri$ and !. D*dey 4eds.9 4in )o/ operation with --F 1nternationa9$ %&&?. Forest Restoration in "andscapes: eyond Planting #rees . Springer$ !ew Iork Reit"ergen/M)Craken$ G.$ S. Maginnis A. Sarre$ %&&. #he Forest "andscape Restoration ,andboo' . Earths)an$ ,ondon$ #? pp. Shono$ L.$ E. A. Cadaweng and P. +. D*rst$ %&&. Application of Assisted Natural Regeneration to Restore .egraded #ropical Forestlands . Restoration E)oogy$ #?4<9: 3%&@ 3%3. oosem$ S. and !. 1. G. T*)ker$ #;;?. Repairing the Rainforest) #heory and Practice of Rainforest Re-establishment in North Bueensland8s 2et #ropics . -et Tropi)s Management A*thority$ Cairns$ A*straia. Pp % 4Presentation of this "ook : http:www.wettropi)s.gov.a*site*ser/assetsdo)sRepairingRainforest#.pdf Q http:is"nd".)omd"ookrepairingtherainforest.htm$ Pri)e : _ 3;.;;9. 2hat is forest restoration) Gohn A. Stant*rf$ %&&?$ in Restoration of "orea and temperate forests$ CRC Press$ +o)a Raton$ p. =/##$ http:www.treesear)h.fs.fed.*sp*"s%%%&; 4PDF9. Assisted natural regeneration of forests$ A!R of FORESTS$ http:www.fao.orgforestryanren 4Engish video9. Managing Forests for Climate change) FAO$ http:www.fao.orgdo)rep&#=i#;3&ei#;3&e&&.pdf E2terna inks: http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiForestrestoration http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiForestands)aperestoration http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiRestoratione)oogy Arti)e p*"ished on the site to assist reforestation pro(e)ts www.pro(etsreforestation.)o.nr $ with the )onsent of its a*thor$ Mrs. Syvia Ramos. +og "y Sylvia Ramos $ ornithoogist and photographer of "irds : http:mindingthefarm.wordpress.)om
