FOREST LAWS AWS
PAGE | 1 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS AWS
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
I NDEX OF AUTHORITIES.............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. .........................................4 ..................4
Table Table of Cases................................................ Cases....................................................................... .............................................. ........................................4 .................4 Table Table of Statutes !ol"#"es.............................................. !ol"#"es..................................................................... ............................................$ .....................$ E%"to&"als.............................................. E%"to&"als....................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ...........................' ....' A&t"#les................................................... A&t"#les............................ .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .........................' ..' (ou&)als............................................ (ou&)als................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ................................' .........'
A**RE+IATIONS.............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................., ......., ACNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ............................................. ...................... CHAPTER – – I............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ................................./0 ........../0
I NTRODUCTION............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. ............................................/ ...................../0 0
.................................................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..................................// ...........// CHAPTER – – II...........................................
HISTORICAL !ERS!ECTI+E............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. ............................// .....//
CHAPTER – – III............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. ............................../1 ......./1
*RITISH !ERIOD............................................ ................................................................... .............................................. ............................................/ ...................../1 1 T2e Fo&est !ol"#3 ") /'$..................................... /'$............................................................ .............................................. .................................../1 ............/1
CHAPTER – – IV............................................ ................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ................................/$ ........./$
FOREST ACT5 /6,..................................... /6,............................................................ .............................................. .............................................. ......................../$ ./$
................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .................................66 ..........66 CHAPTER – – V............................................
FOREST 7CON+ERSATION8 ACT5 /0...................................... /0............................................................. ........................................66 .................66 NON-FOREST !UR!OSE............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. .................................61 ..........61 CONSTITUTION OF AD+ISOR9 COMMITTEE.............................................. ..................................................................... ........................64 .64 (UDICIAR9 A ND THE I NTER!RETA NTER!RETATION OF THE ACT........................................................64 Fla:;a) T.N. Godavarman Thirumalpad a Thirumalpad a ;"lesto)e #ase e#2oe%................................6, e#2oe%................................6, !e&;"ss"o) of t2e CG ;a)%ato&3....................... ;a)%ato&3............................................... ............................................... .....................................6 ..............6 NO R ETROS!ECTI+E ..................................................................... .............................................. .......................6 6 ETROS!ECTI+E EFFECT..............................................
CHAPTER – – VI.............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ..............................1/ .......1/
SCHEDULE TRI*E AND OTHER T TRADITIONAL FOREST DWELLERS 7R ECOGNITION ECOGNITION OF FOREST R IGHTS IGHTS8 ACT5 600'...................................... 600'............................................................. .............................................. ................................1/ .........1/
CHAPTER – – VII............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................1' ......1'
NATIONAL FOREST !OLIC95 /..................................... /............................................................ .............................................. ........................1' .1'
PAGE | 2 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS AWS
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
I NDEX OF AUTHORITIES.............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. .........................................4 ..................4
Table Table of Cases................................................ Cases....................................................................... .............................................. ........................................4 .................4 Table Table of Statutes !ol"#"es.............................................. !ol"#"es..................................................................... ............................................$ .....................$ E%"to&"als.............................................. E%"to&"als....................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ...........................' ....' A&t"#les................................................... A&t"#les............................ .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .........................' ..' (ou&)als............................................ (ou&)als................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ................................' .........'
A**RE+IATIONS.............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................., ......., ACNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. ............................................. ...................... CHAPTER – – I............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ................................./0 ........../0
I NTRODUCTION............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. ............................................/ ...................../0 0
.................................................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..................................// ...........// CHAPTER – – II...........................................
HISTORICAL !ERS!ECTI+E............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. ............................// .....//
CHAPTER – – III............................................. ..................................................................... ............................................... .............................................. ............................../1 ......./1
*RITISH !ERIOD............................................ ................................................................... .............................................. ............................................/ ...................../1 1 T2e Fo&est !ol"#3 ") /'$..................................... /'$............................................................ .............................................. .................................../1 ............/1
CHAPTER – – IV............................................ ................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ................................/$ ........./$
FOREST ACT5 /6,..................................... /6,............................................................ .............................................. .............................................. ......................../$ ./$
................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .................................66 ..........66 CHAPTER – – V............................................
FOREST 7CON+ERSATION8 ACT5 /0...................................... /0............................................................. ........................................66 .................66 NON-FOREST !UR!OSE............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. .................................61 ..........61 CONSTITUTION OF AD+ISOR9 COMMITTEE.............................................. ..................................................................... ........................64 .64 (UDICIAR9 A ND THE I NTER!RETA NTER!RETATION OF THE ACT........................................................64 Fla:;a) T.N. Godavarman Thirumalpad a Thirumalpad a ;"lesto)e #ase e#2oe%................................6, e#2oe%................................6, !e&;"ss"o) of t2e CG ;a)%ato&3....................... ;a)%ato&3............................................... ............................................... .....................................6 ..............6 NO R ETROS!ECTI+E ..................................................................... .............................................. .......................6 6 ETROS!ECTI+E EFFECT..............................................
CHAPTER – – VI.............................................. ..................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ..............................1/ .......1/
SCHEDULE TRI*E AND OTHER T TRADITIONAL FOREST DWELLERS 7R ECOGNITION ECOGNITION OF FOREST R IGHTS IGHTS8 ACT5 600'...................................... 600'............................................................. .............................................. ................................1/ .........1/
CHAPTER – – VII............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................1' ......1'
NATIONAL FOREST !OLIC95 /..................................... /............................................................ .............................................. ........................1' .1'
PAGE | 2 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS AWS
CHAPTER – – VIII............................................ ................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................1 ......1
CONCLUSION............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .........................1 ..1
*I*LIOGRA!H9............................................. .................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ...............................4/ ........4/
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
PAGE | 3 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS AWS
TABLE OF CASES
Ajendra Singh <. Singh <. State of U.P.5 U.P.5 AIR 600' All 66,...................................... 66,............................................................6 ......................6, , Ambica Quarry Wo Wor! <. r! <. State of Gujarat 5 AIR /, SC /0,1........................................6 /0,1........................................6 "an#a!i Seva A!hram <. A!hram <. State of U.P.$ AIR /, SC 1,4...................................... 1,4................................................16 ..........16 %ho#gule & %o. 'td . <. Goa (oundation5 (oundation 5 76008 /6 SCC '4'...................................... '4'.........................................6, ...6, Goa foundation <. foundation <. )onan )onan *ail#ay %orpn.$ %orpn.$ 7/48 / Ma2 Ma 2 L.(. 6/...................................6 6/...................................6 Goa (oundation <. (oundation <. State State of Goa5 Goa 5 AIR 600/ *o; 1/..................................... 1/.......................................................6$ ..................6$ +!h#ar %handra Gupta <. Gupta <. State of U.P.$ AIR 60// All ......................................... ................................................/ ......./ ). "alari!hnan Nambair <. <. State of )arnataa$ AIR 60// SC /'6..............................6 /'6..............................6 )amaljeet Singh Ahlu#alia Ahlu#alia <. <. State of "ihar$ AIR 600' (2a& 44......................................6 44......................................6 )umari ,erma ,erma <. <. State State of )erala5 )erala5 AIR 600' SC 104...................................... 104....................................................../' ................/' 'afarge Umiam -ining P/ 'td. <. 'td. <. U0+$ AIR 60// SC 6,/......................................1$5 6,/......................................1$5 1 -.%. -ehta <. -ehta <. U0+ 5 760/48 /6 SCC //.......................... //................................................. .............................................. ..........................6, ...6, /..........................................6, -ohd. 1a2i *afee3 <. *afee3 <. State of Uttaranchal$ AIR 600' Utt /..........................................6, -ule!h Ali <. Ali <. State of A!!am$ 7600'8 $ SCC 4$....................................... 4$.............................................................6 ......................6, , Nare!h )umar 4ain <. 4ain <. %ommr.5 %ommr.5 AIR 600' (2a& '......................................... '............................................................6 ...................6 Nature 'over! -ovement <. <. State of )erala5 )erala5 76008 $ SCC 1,1..................................... 1,1.......................................61 ..61 0m Praa!h %houdhary <. %houdhary <. State of *aja!than5 *aja!than 5 AIR 600$ Ra= /.....................................64 /.....................................64 P. P. *ami *eddy <. *eddy <. State of A.P.$ AIR / SC /'6'...................................... /'6'..........................................................16 ....................16 *ural 'itigation and 5ntitlement )endra$ 6ehradun <. Stat Statee of U.P U.P.$ AIR / SC 6/,...................................... 6/,............................................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .........................6' ..6' Samatha <. Samatha <. State of A.P.$ AIR /, SC 16,...................................... 16,............................................................. ..............................16 .......16 Sarup Singh & %o. <. %o. <. State of "ihar$ AIR 600/ !at 1'......................................... 1'...................................................../, ............/, State of -.P. <. -.P. <. )artar )artar Singh "agga$ AIR 600' M! '........................................ '..................................................6 ..........6 State of Tripura Tripura <. <. Sudhir *anjan Nath$ AIR /, SC //'....................... //'............................................./ ....................../, , T.N. Godavarman Thirumalpad <. Thirumalpad <. U0+ 5 7600/8 /0 SCC '4$...................................... '4$..........................................6$ ....6$ /66............................61 T.N. Godavarman Thirumalpad <. Thirumalpad <. Union of +ndia$ AIR /, SC /66............................61 T.N. Godavarman Thirumalpad <. <. U0+ 5 AIR 6006 SC ,64....................................... ,64..............................................6, .......6, T.N. Godavarman Thirumalpad <. Thirumalpad <. U0+$ AIR 600' SC /,,4............................................/$ /,,4............................................/$ T.N. Godavarman <. Godavarman <. U0+$ W! 7C8 No. 606 of /$..................................................... /$.........................................................6 ....6 Tarun "hagat Singh <. Singh <. U0+$ /1 Su>> 718 SCC //$....................... //$.............................................. ................................6 .........6 <. State of -ahara!htra$ AIR 600 *o; /0.................................64 /0.................................64 ,ila! Shanar 6onode 6onode <. 7a!h#ant Stone Wor! <. Wor! <. State of U.P.$ AIR / All /6/....................................... /6/.............................................../$ ......../$
EFERRED STATUTES & POLICIES R EFERRED
46)% Co)st"tut"o)al 7A;e)%;e)t8 A#t5 /,' 7A#t / of /,'8....................................... /,'8......................................../ ./ Cattle T&es>ass A#t5 /,/ 7A#t / of /,/8.................................... /,/8........................................................... ...................................../' ............../' %on!titution of +ndia5 +ndia5 /$0.................................... /$0........................................................... .............................................. ..........................605 ...605 /,5 / E)<"&o);e)t 7!&ote#t"o)8 A#t5 /' 7A#t 6 of /'8..........................................605 /'8..........................................605 6,5 1 Fo&est 7Co)
PAGE | 4 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
Nat"o)al Fo&est !ol"#35 /..................................................................................165 1'5 1 !&"
600' 7A#t 6 of 600,8.................................................................................../5 1/5 165 115 1$ T2e Fo&est !ol"#35 /'$....................................................................................................../1
EDITORIALS E%"to&"al5 State ;ust follo@ A#t fo& fo&est &":2ts of t&"bals HC5 The +ndian 58pre!!5 Ma3
045 60/1 70441 IST8..........................................................................................................14 E%"to&"al5 +alu"): *"o%". 6,5 60// 761$0 IST8...........................1/ E%"to&"al5 !&ote#t"): Fo&est La)%5 The 1indu5 Se>. /15 60/1 70//IST8.........................14
ARTICLES
A&<")% 2a&e5 LetBs )ot ;"ss t2e @oo%5 The 1indu5 (u)e 6,5 60/$ 70'4' IST8..............1/ C.R *"=o35 *loo% I) T2e Woo%s5 The 1indu5 A>& /'5 60/$70141IST8............................66 L. !&asa%5 S"le)t +alle3 Case A) E#olo:"#al Assess;e)t5 %ochin Univer!ity 'a#
*evie# /6 7/48...............................................................................................................6$ Mee)a Me)o)5 Clea&a)#e W"t2out Co;>l"a)#e5 The 1indu5 Se>t 60/470//IST8.......66 Mee)a Me)o)5 Fo&est #o"te so;e setba#s5 The 1indu5 (ul3 5 60/4
70$1$IST8...........................................................................................................................1' N.. S"):25 !.M. ass M.! Gou)"s2 off"#e&s fo& %efo&estat"o)5 The +ndian
58pre!!5 Ma&. //5 /'........................................................................................................6' !&aal S"):25 Fo&est R":2ts A#t a ba)e o& boo)5 The 1indu5 A>& 6,5 60/1................16 Susa) . (ose>25 Co)se&
JOURNALS
Na)%")" Su)%e&5 Le:al G&ou)%s Natu&al Resou&#es5 I%e)t"t3 A)% T2e La@5 1 NU4S '.
*ev. /61 7(a)-Ma&5 60/08.................................................................................................../, L. !&asa%5 S"le)t +alle3 Case A) E#olo:"#al Assess;e)t5 %ochin Univer!ity 'a# *evie# /6 7/48...............................................................................................................6$
PAGE | 5 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
ABBREVIATIONS AIR All I)%"a Re>o&te&5 All Alla2aba%5 Art. A&t"#le5 CAF Co;>e)sato&3 Affo&estat"o) Fu)%5 CG Ce)t&al Go
A#t5 600'5 FSI Fo&est Su&&e;e Cou&t5 SCC Su>&e;e Cou&t Cases5 S#$. Se#t"o)5 SG State Go
PAGE | 6 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
UOI U)"o) of I)%"a5 %. +e&sus5 P W&"t !et"t"o).
PAGE | 7 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
AC'NOLEDGEMENT
I @oul% l"e to e>&ess >&ofou)% :&at"tu%e to ;3 Se;")a& - / !&ofesso&5 D&. Asa% Mal" S"& fo& 2"s ")>o&t5 e)#ou&a:e;e)t5 su>e&<"s"o)5 a)% useful su::est"o)s t2&ou:2out t2"s >&o=e#t @o&. H"s ;o&al su>>o&t a)% #o)t")uous :u"%a)#e e)able% ;e to #o;>lete ;3 @o& su##essfull3.
I a; t2a)ful a)% ")%ebte% to all t2ose @2o 2el>e% ;e %"&e#tl3 o& ")%"&e#tl3 ") #o;>let"o) of t2"s >&o=e#t &e>o&t.
HIMANSHU
PAGE | 8 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
T2e te&; Fo&est "s %e&"&obabl3 ")%"#at"): outs"%e t2e %@ell"): 2ouse. Fo&est a&e t2e ;a=o& )atu&al &esou&#e a)% a&e also &e#o:)"e% as a #olo&ful e>&ess"o) of )atu&e. T2e3 a&e also &e#o:)"e% as :ua&%"a)s a)% >&ote#to&s of t2e @"l%l"fe of t2e #ou)t&3. Fo&ests a&e o&ta)t &e#&eat"o)al &esou&#e a)% fo& t2e"& s#e)"# beaut3. T2e&efo&e5 ;a)a:e;e)t of fo&est "s a) esse)t"al as>e#t of t2e >&ote#t"o) of t2e e)<"&o);e)t. It also be#o;es ;o&e ";>o&ta)t as t2e t&ees a&e )o@) as >ools o& ba)s of #a&bo) %"o"%e. Cutt"): of t&ees &elease #a&bo) %"o"%e ")to t2e at;os>2e&e @2"#2 2as la&:el3 #o)t&"bute% to t2e :&ee) 2ouse effe#t o& :lobal @a&;"):. T2"s :lobal @a&;"):5 ") tu&)5 2as &esulte% ") t2e ;elt"): of "#e-#a>s a)% &"se ") t2e sea leatte&)s 2as also bee) e>e&"e)#e% all o>ea&"): at t2e ala&;"): &ate. I) I)%"a5 "t 2as bee) #la";e% t2at @e 2ae&#e)t of t2e total la)% a&ea as a:a")st t2e a##e>te% "%ol of 11 >e&#e)t ") I)%"a a)% oe&#e)t ")te&)at"o)all3./ T2us5
1 Sat"s2 C. S2ast&"5 5nvironmental 'a#95 >. 1/,5 ED. 4 t2 760/685 Easte&) *oo Co;>a)3. PAGE | 9 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
C)"!t#r II HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
It 2as bee) &":2tl3 obse&e% o) t2e &"eo>le sa@ t2e ";a:es of :o% ") )atu&e 7t&ees5 >la)ts5 a)";als5 et#.8 a)% t&eate% t2e; as %"<")e ob=e#ts @"t2 :&eat %eee>al5 ba)a)a5 tuls"5 a;la5 et#.8 a)% t2"s5 ") tu&)5 auto;at"#all3 @o&e% to >&ote#t t2e fo&est f&o; t2e o)slau:2t of ;a)")%. T&ees 2a)"s2a%s 2as bee) )a;e% as *&"2a%a&a)3aa U>a)"s2a%. I) t2e A:)" !u&a)5 "t 2as bee) obse&e&so) @2o %oes t2e sa#&e% @o& of >la)tat"o) >&o<"%es sale&so) e)=o3s t2e >leasu&e of 2ealeasa)t s2a%o@ a)% f&u"ts full of )e#ta&. Ee&"o% 71000-4000 *C85 t&ee @o&s2"> @as a >&a#t"#e >o>ula& ") t2e so#"et3. R":ossess"): %"<")e ?ual"t"es @"t2 &efe&e)#e to t2e"& 2eal"): >o@e&s. Mo&eola)ts @e&e %ef"e% as :o% +a&u)a5 o)e of t2e ;ost >o>ula& %e"t"es of +e%"# t";es. I) t2e Mats3a !u&a)a5 t2e&e "s a o)% "s e?ual to /0 @ells5 o)e so) "s e?ual to /0 >o)%s a)% o)e t&ee "s e?ual to /0 so)s8. Ma)us;&"t"6 also %e#la&es t2e #utt"): of :&ee) t&ees a) offe)#e. aut"l3a 1 2as >&o<"%e% ") 2"s A&t2as2ast&a t2at "t "s t2e %ut3 of t2e "): to :ua&%5 u>ee> a)% >la)t fo&ests fo& t2e "):%o;. He also >&es#&"bes t2at "t "s t2e %ut3 of t2e "): to >la)t fo&ests @2"#2 :&a)t safet3 to a)";ate a)% ")a)";ate ob=e#ts. E;>e&o& As2oa "s also )o@) fo& 2"s @o& to >&ote#t fo&ests a)% fo& >la)t"): t&ees alo): >ubl"# &oa%s. T2e e%"#ts "ssue% b3 2"; ")#lu%e fo&ests ;ust )ot be bu&)e%5 a)% t&ees s2all be >la)te% o) bot2 t2e s"%es of t2e &oa%s. S")#e t2e t";e ";;e;o&"al5 fo&est 2as bee) >la3"):
2 -anu!mriti5 XIJ '$J +IIIJ 110. 3 aut"l3a5 Artha!ha!tra5 *oo II C2. II5 *oos +II C2. XI5 XIII. PAGE | 10 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
a #e)t&al &ole ") t2e l"fe a)% #ultu&e of t2e I)%"a) t&"bes. S>ea"): e;>"&"#all35 fo&ests a)% t&"bal 2aa&able f&o; ea#2 ot2e& .4 T2e abol3 %e;o)st&ates t2at I)%"a) 2a% a #ultu&e of >&ote#t"): a)% :ua&%"): t2e fo&ests a)% "t @as a so#"al &es>o)s"b"l"t3 of t2e ")%"<"%uals as @ell as t2e &ule&s to ;a")ta") a)% >&ote#t t2e;. A)%5 I)%"a 2a% a #ultu&e of @o&s2">>"): )atu&e ") all "ts :lo&3.$
4 Das (a:a))at2 A)% R.N. !at"5 Tribal and +ndigenou! people of +ndia problem! & per!pective 5 7600685 A!H !ubl"s2"): Co&>o&at"o)5 Ne@ Del2".
5 Supra5 ). /. PAGE | 11 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
CHAPTER – III BRITISH PERIOD
T"ll t2e be:"))"): of *&"t"s2 &ule ") I)%"a5 t2e fo&ests @e&e @ell >&ote#te% a)% :ua&%e% b3 t2e >eo>le a)% >a&t"#ula&l3 t2e t&"bal >eo>le 7fo&ests %@elle&s8. *ut %u&"): t2e *&"t"s2 >e&"o%5 t2e &ule&s @e&e 2a<"): a) ")%"ffe&e)t att"tu%e to@a&%s fo&ests a)% %u&"): t2e / t2 #e)tu&35 t2e&e @as a f"e&#e o)slau:2t o) I)%"a Fo&ests. T2e fo&ests @e&e t&eate% as a sou&#e of &e bu"l%"):5 "&o) s;elt"): a)% ta))"):. Oa fo&ests @e&e #ut a)% s2">>e% to E):la)% fo& t2e use of E):l"s2 Ro3al Na<3 as t2e safet3 of t2e e;>"&e %e>e)%e% o) "ts @oo%e) @alls. T2e I)%"a) tea of Malaba& @as fou)% ;ost su"table fo& s2"> bu"l%"): a)% tea fo&ests sta&te% e&"o% ") @2"#2 fo&ests @e&e e&"al a&;3 to a :&eat ete)t a)% I)%"a) t";be& @as #ut a)% su>>l"e% b3 t2e *&"t"s2 to E):la)%5 E:3>t5 I&a?5 M"%%le Easte&) #ou)t&"es a)% t2e !e&s"a) Gulf. Mo&eo ") I)%"a to su>>l3 t";be&. To se&e&"al #ause5 t2e f"&st Fo&est A#t @as e)a#te% ") /'$ 7but )ot to :ua&% fo&ests8 a)% t2e fo&est %e>a&t;e)t @as establ"s2e%. T2e ;a") >u&>ose of t2"s A#t @as to fa#"l"tate t2e a#?u"s"t"o) of I)%"a) fo&est a&eas to su>>l3 t";be& fo& &a"l@a3s a)% to establ"s2 t2e #la"; of t2e State o) t2e fo&est la)%. *ut t2e A#t %"% )ot 2a&o<"s"o) to >&ote#t t2e e"st"): &":2ts of t2e >eo>le l"<"): ") t2e fo&ests. *as"#all35 t2"s A#t @as ;ea)t to &e:ulate fo&est e>lo"tat"o)5 a)% t2e ;a)a:e;e)t a)% >&ese& of at asse&t"): t2e State ;o)o>ol3 &":2t ool"#3 &e<"se% ") /, @2"#2 e)su&e% t2at t2e State #oul% %e;a&#ate t&a#ts of fo&ests5 )ee%e% es>e#"all3 fo& &a"l@a3 >u&>oses &eta") e)ou:2 fle"b"l"t3 ool"#3 f&o; t";e to t";e.'
6 D"
PAGE | 12 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
Soo)5 "t @as fou)% t2at t2e >&o<"s"o)s of t2e A#t @e&e )ot effe#t"u)"s2;e)t a)% :ao@e&s to t2e fo&ests off"#e&s. T2e&efo&e5 afte& a :&eat %ebate5 a )e@ Fo&est A#t @as >asse% ") /, @2"#2 #la";e% absolute #o)t&ol a)% o@)e&s2"> &":2ts of t2e State o) fo&ests. It also &e#o:)"se% t2e &":2ts of t2e )o;a%s of t2e fo&ests a)% of ot2e& )ea&b3 %@elle&s 7#usto;a&3 &":2ts8 ") o&e5 *2"l ") Ra=ast2a) a)% Ma%23a !&a%es2 a)% ot2e&s to :&a"):5 #olle#t"): fuel a)% fo%%e&5 #olle#t"): f&u"ts a)% ;e%"#")al >la)ts a)% 2e&bs5 et#. ") t2e fo&est @"t2out 2a<"): a)3 >&o>&"eta&3 &":2ts.
PAGE | 13 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
CHAPTER IV FOREST ACT* +,-
To ;ae fo&est la@s ;o&e effe#t"&o&e2e)s"asse% ") /6, @2"#2 &e>eale% all t2e >&e<"ous la@s. T2e A#t #o)s"sts of ' se#t"o)s %"<"%e% ")to /1 #2a>te&s. T2e ;a") ob=e#t"
To #o)sol"%ate t2e la@s &elat"): to fo&estsJ Re:ulat"o) a)% t&a)s"t of fo&est >&o%u#eJ To le<3 %ut3 o) t";be& a)% ot2e& fo&est >&o%u#e.
T2e te&; fo&est 2as )ot bee) %ef")e% ") t2e A#t. *ut ") Yashwant Stone Works %. State of U.P .8 t2e Alla2aba% HC5 @2"le %ef")"): t2e te&;5 a%o>te% t2e %ef")"t"o) >&o<"%e% b3 t2e Foo%
a)% A:&"#ultu&e O&:a)"sat"o) 7FAO8 a##o&%"): to @2"#2 Fo&est ;ea)s all la)% bea&"): lo"te% o& )ot5 #a>abl& of >&o%u#"): @oo% o& ot2e& fo&est >&o%u#ts o& ee&t"): a) ")flue)#e o) t2e #l";ate o& o) t2e @ate& &e:";e o& >&o<"%"): s2elte& fo& l"t"): a >&a#t"#al a>>&oa#2J a) a&ea ;easu&"): /0 2e#ta&e o& ;o&e 2a<"): a) ae& 2e#ta&e ou:2t to be t&eate% as fo&est. It #o&ote#te% a)% "t also ")#lu%es all a&ea &e#o&%e% as fo&ests ") t2e :oe#t" @2et2e& :o&"&oble;s 2as )ot assu;e% t2&eate)"): %";e)s"o)s as t2e3 2ate&s of t2e A#t >&o<"%e fo&J
7 A#t X+I of /6,. 8 AIR / All /6/. 9 AIR 600' SC /,,4. PAGE | 14 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
Rese&&o%u#e ") t&a)s"t KSs. 1-40J • Co)t&ol o) t";be& a)% ot2e& fo&est >&o%u#e ") t&a)s"t KSs. 4/-44. • C2a>te& IX of t2e A#t >&o<"%es fo& >e)alt"es a)% >&o#e%u&e. Se# ,0 of t2e A#t also ;aes t2e •
Cattle T&es>ass A#t5 /,/ a>>l"#able to &ese&a&t of t2e >&ote#te% fo&ests as a se?uel to t2"s5 f")es fo& #attle t&es>ass 2a&o<"%e%. /0 T2e A#t also e;>o@e&s t2e state fo& &e?u"s"t"o) of a)3 >&"u&>ose u)%e& t2e A#t5 @2"#2 s2all be %ee;e% to be )ee%e% fo& a >ubl"# >u&>ose @"t2") t2e ;ea)"): of Se#. 4 of t2e La)% A#?u"s"t"o) A#t5 /4. // Ma)3 States 2aasse% &"&"le5 t2e @o&% #attle ")#lu%es ele>2a)ts5 #a;els5 buffaloes5 2o&ses5 ;a&es5 :el%"):s5 >o)"es5 #olts5 f"ll"es5 ;ules5 asses5 >":s5 &a;s5 e@es5 la;bs5 :oats a)% "%s. T2e @o&% fo&est >&o%u#e ")#lu%es t";be&5 #2a&#oal5 #aout#2ou#5 #ate#2u5 @oo%-o"l5 &es")5 )atu&al a&ts of t&ees5 >la)ts 7:&ass5 #&ee>e&s5 &ee%s a)% ;oss85 @"l% a)";als a)% all o& a)3 >a&t of su#2 a)";als5 >eat5 su&fa#e so"l5 &o# a)% ;")e&als ")#lu%"): l";esto)e5 late&"te5 ;")e&al o"l a)% ot2e& >&o%u#ts of ;")es a)% ?ua&&"es. It 2as also bee) ;a%e #lea& t2at t&ees ")#lu%es >al;s5 ba;boos5 su;>s5 b&us2@oo% a)% #a)es. /1 T2e follo@"): a#t"<"t"es a&e >&o2"b"te% ") &ese&"): o& #a&&3"): a)3 f"&eJ • T&es>ass"): o& >astu&"): #attleJ • Caus"): %a;a:e b3 )e:l":e)#e ") fell"): a)3 t&ee o& #utt"): o& %&a::"): a)3 t";be&J • Fell"):5 :"&%l"):5 lo>"): o& bu&)"): a)3 t&ee5 st&">>"): off t2e ba& o& lea&o%u#eJ • Clea)"): o& b&ea"): u> of a)3 la)%J • Hu)t"):5 s2oot"):5 f"s2"):5 >o"so)"): @ate& o& sett"): t&a>s o& s)a&esJ a)% •
10 Se#. ,/5 Supra5 ). ,. 11 A#t I of /4. 12 )umari ,erma <. State of )erala5 AIR 600' SC 104. 13 Se#. 67,8. PAGE | 15 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
"ll"): o& #at#2"): ele>2a)ts. KSe#. 6'. T2e >o@e& of t2e State Go
ot2e& fo&est >&o%u#e >&o<"%e% us 46 @as #2alle):e% ") State of Tripura %. Sudhir "an#an Nath$% as <"olat"
>&";a&"l3 e)a#te% to >&ese&&ote#t a)% >&o;ote t2e fo&est @ealt2 of t2e #ou)t&3 a)% #olle#t"o) of &eo&t a)% >ossess"o) of fo&est >&o%u#e "s ") t2e ")te&est of state a)% "ts >eo>le. Mo&eo&o>&"eta&3 &":2ts of t2e a;")%a&s a)% all e"st"): use& &":2ts. T2e Su>&e;e Cou&t I)te&"; O&%e& ") t2e Go%aaa&t;e)t. I&o)"#all35 t2e le:al ;a#2")e&3 2as bee) su##essful ") labell"): t2e fo&est %@elle&s as e)#&oa#2e&sB ") t2e"& o@) la)%./' T2e&efo&e5 #o)t&ol of t2e State o&o%u#e5 a)% ;o&o<"s"o)s of t2e Co)st"tut"o). Re#e)tl35 t2e *"2a& HC %e#la&e% ") Sarup Sin&h ' (o. %. State of )ihar$* t2at t2e&e #a))ot be a)3 ;oo&t of t";be& o& ot2e& fo&est >&o%u#e @"t2out a)3 t&a)s"t >e&;"t. O)#e t2e t";be& "s b&ou:2t to t2e State f&o; a)ot2e& State5 t&a)s"t >e&;"t &ules @oul% a>>l3. A %ee> ")&ote#t t2e asse% to /8 &e:ulate t2e #utt"): of t&eesJ a)% 68 ea&) &e&o%u#e. / It ;a")l3 a";e% at su>>l3"): &a@ ;ate&"al fo& fo&est base% ")%ust&"es. Fo&ests @e&e a##e>te% as a s":)"f"#a)t fa#to& ") e#o-bala)#e a)% e)<"&o);e)tal >&ese&o")t out 2e&e t2at t2"s &e
14 AIR /, SC //'. 15 A#t IX of /4. 16 Na)%")" Su)%e&5 Le:al G&ou)%s Natu&al Resou&#es5 I%e)t"t3 A)% T2e La@5 1 NU4S '. *ev. /61 7(a)-Ma&5 60/08.
17 AIR 600/ !at 1'. 18 C22at&a>at" S"):25 %ommon Property and %ommon Poverty5 7OU! Del2" /'8. PAGE | 16 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
fo&est 2as #o)t")ue% ee)%e)#e. T2e&efo&e5 t2"s A#t of /6, fa"le% ;"se&abl3 to >&ote#t t2e fo&est f&o; u)s#"e)t"f"# a)% u)>la))e% e>lo"tat"o) a)% "t @as o)e of t2e &easo) t2at t2e Fo&est 7Co)asse%. T2e A#t of /6, also %e)"e% #o;;o) o@)e&s2"> o& o##u>a)#3 &":2ts o& >&o>e&t3 &":2ts to t2e o##u>a)ts of la)%t&"bals. T2ese fo&est %@elle&s l"<"): t2e&e fo& :e)e&at"o)s @e&e )ot :"&o%u#e. Rat2e& fo&est @e&e %e#la&e% to be t2e >&o>e&t3 of t2e :oute5 t2e PFo&est Settle;e)t Off"#e&P @oul% 2a %ete&;")e t2e ete)t of t2e"& &":2t to :&a"):5 @ate& &esou&#es5 #ult"&o%u#e ") t2e fo&est. T2e Fo&est Settle;e)t Off"#e& 2a% to )ot"f35 2ea& a)% %e#"%e t2e #la";s. .$! &a"se% a) ";>o&ta)t ?uest"o) &elat"): to t2e s":2t T2e )anwasi Seva +shram %. State of U.P
of t2e State to )ot"f3 a) a&ea as a P&ese&eo>le 7A%"eo>le 2a% bee) l"<"): ")s"%e t2"s a&ea fo& a lo): t";e. A lette& @&"tte) b3 *a)@as" Seeo>le5 @as t&eate% as @&"t >et"t"o) b3 t2e #ou&t. "t @as #o)te)%e% t2at t2ese >eo>le 2a% bee) #olle#t"): fo&est >&o%u#e5 a)% us"): te2 fo&est fo& t2e >u&>ose of :&a"): a)% fuel @oo%5 et#. fo& :e)e&at"o)s a)% )o@ t2e3 2a&"
t2e"& &":2t to l"ass"): a)%
e)#&oa#2;e)t @e&e &e:"ste&e% a:a")st t2e;. T2e state >lea%e% t2at t2e fo&est la)% 2a% bee) a#?u"&e% to set-u> a t2e&;al >o@e& st3at"o) a)% >&o<"%e #2ea>e& ele#t&"#"t3 to t2e >eo>le. T2e #ou&t %e#la&e% t2at t2e la)% @2"#2 2a% bee) a#?u"&e%5 al&ea%3 2a% bee) a#?u"&e% @oul% )ot be >a&t of t2e @&"t >et"t"o) a)% :aubl"#"t3 to be :"&o#ess a)% t2at a) A%%"t"o)al D"st&"#t (u%:e be a>>o")te% to ee&#"se t2e >o@e&s of a>>ellate aut2o&"t3 ") su#2 ;atte&s. T2e #ou&t %"% )ot >&ote#t t2e &":2ts of A%"ossess"o) of t2e A%";e)tal a#t"<"t35 ".e. t2e sett"): u> of t2e&;al >o@e& stat"o)5 @as :"&"o&"t3 ") #o;>a&"so) to t2e &":2ts of t2e t&"bals.
19 7/,8 1 SCC 104J 7/68 / SCC //,J 7/68 6 SCC 606. PAGE | 17 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
.,-5 t2e Alla2aba% HC ;a%e "t #lea& t2at t2e S#2e%ule I) Ishwar (handra Gupta %. State of U.P
T&"bes a)% ot2e& T&a%"t"o)al Fo&est D@elle&s 7Re#o:)"t"o) of Fo&est R":2s8 A#t5 600' "s ") a%%"t"o) to t2e Fo&est A#t5 /6, a)% t2e t@o &u) )ot %e&o:ato&3 to ea#2 ot2e&. T2ese t@o A#ts &u) ") %"ffe&e)t f"el% a)% t2e&e "s )o ")#o)s"ste)#3 bet@ee) >&o<"s"o)s of t2ese A#ts. I) t2"s #ase5 >et"t"o)e&s @e&e &u))"): a s2o> ") fo&est a&ea s")#e /6 a)% t2e3 #oul% )ot >&oossess"o) oe)alt3 >&o<"s"o)s of t2e A#t >&es#&"be a ;a";u; >u)"s2;e)t of s" ;o)t2s ";>&"so);e)t o& a f")e ete)%"): to $005 o& bot2. T2e >&o<"s"o) of su#2 ;ea:&e >u)"s2;e)t fo& t2ose #aus"): se&"ous %a;a:e to t2e @ealt2 of t2e )at"o)5 "s fu&t2e& e<"%e)#e of t2e effe#t"&o<"%es fo& a >u)"s2;e)t of ";>&"so);e)t @2"#2 #oul% ete)% to t@o 3ea&s o& f")e5 o& bot2 fo& #ou)te&fe"t"): o& %efa#"): ;a&s o) t&ees a)% t";be& a)% alte&"): bou)%a&3 ;a&s of a)3 fo&est o& @astela)%. T2e a;e)%;e)t of t2e A#t ") /6 2as :"o@e&s to t2e %o;"#"le% >eo>le of t2e fo&est. !&e<"ous to /,'5 t2e State 2a% t2e >o@e& to le:"slate o) fo&ests5 but t2e Co)st"tut"o)al A;e)%;e)t6/ 2as :"o@e& to le:"slate o) fo&ests to t2e U)"o) Go&o&ote#t t2e e)<"&o);e)t ")#lu%"): fo&ests5 laes a)% @"l%l"fe of t2e #ou)t&3.66 I) T.N. Go%aet"t"o)e& #2alle):e% t2e allot;e)t of la)% of /$ 2e#ta&es b3 @a3 of lease to Ms Ma&ut" Coal a)% !o@e& Lt%. fo& sett"): u> #oal @as2e&3. It @as#la";e% t2at t2e la)% lease% out @as a fo&est la)%5 @2"#2 #oul% )ot be use% fo& )o)-fo&est >u&>ose5 ".e. fo& #oal @as2e&3. T2e #ou&t &e"te&ate% t2at t2e %ef")"t"o) :"&ote#te% o& ot2e&@"se5 fo& t2e >u&>ose of Se#. 67I8 of t2e Fo&est A#t5 /6,. Ta"): a >&a#t"#al a>>&oa#25 Pa) a&ea ;easu&"): /0 2e#ta&es o& ;o&e 2a<"): a) ae& 2e#ta&e ou:2t to be t&eate% as fo&est.P Mo&eo
20 AIR 60// All . 21 46)% Co)st"tut"o)al 7A;e)%;e)t8 A#t5 /,' 7A#t / of /,'8. 22A&t. 45 %on!titution of +ndia5 /$0. 23 7600'8 $ SCC 6. PAGE | 18 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
")#lu%es a)3 a&ea &e#o&%e% as fo&est ") t2e :oe#t". T2e ;atte& &elate% to t2e %"s>ute% la)% @as &efe&&e% to t2e CEC @2o :ao&ts o) t2&ee %"ffe&e)t o##as"o)s5 a)% %e#la&e% t2at t2e la)% ") ?uest"o) @as a )o)-fo&est la)%. T2e&efo&e5 "t @as %e#la&e% t2at t2e >et"t"o)e& %"% )ot #o;e to t2e #ou&t @"t2 #lea) 2a)%s but @"t2 ulte&"o& ;ot"et"t"o) @"t2 #osts a)% also @a&)e% t2e >et"t"o)e& )ot to use P&e#u>e&ate la):ua:eP ") t2e >lea%"):s. W"t2 &efe&e)#e to #o)se&&ese&&ote#t"o) of fo&ests a)% e#olo:3 a)% use of fo&est fo& )o)-fo&est >u&>ose5 follo@"): >&")#">les @e&e la"% %o@) b3 t2e SC •
T2e >&")#">le a"; of t2e fo&est >ol"#3 "s to e)su&e e)<"&o);e)tal stab"l"t3 a)% ;a")te)a)#e to e#olo:"#al bala)#e ")#lu%"): at;os>2e&"# e?u"l"b&"u; @2"#2 a&e <"tal fo& suste)a)#e of all l"fe fo&;s5 2u;a)s5 a)";al a)% >la)t. T2e %e&"&")#">le a";. T2e fo&est >ol"#3 2as a statuto&3 fla&")#">le
•
@oul% be <"olat"e)sato&3 Affo&estat"o) Fu)% Ma)a:e;e)t a)% !la))"): Aut2o&"t3 7CAM!A8 #&eate% b3 t2e MoEF @"t2 t2e o##u&&e)#e of t2e CEC @as esse)t"al. It s2all allo#ate ;o)e3 to t2e States fo& t2e"& s"te s>e#"f"# s#2e;es out of Co;>e)sato&3 Affo&estat"o) Fu)% 72e&e")afte&5 %A( 8. T2"s fu)% 2as bee) #&eate% 2a<"): &e:a&% to t2e >&")#">les of ")te&-:e)e&at"o)al
•
=ust"#e. If "t "s at all )e#essa&3 fo& e#o)o;"# %e;e)t to use fo&est fo& )o)-fo&est >u&>ose5 t2e) befo&e >e&;"ss"o) "s :&a)te% b3 t2e CEC5 t2e&e s2oul% be so;e s#2e;e 7")#lu%"): s2o&t te&; as @ell as lo): te&; ;easu&es8 fo& &e:e)e&at"o) of fo&ests. Co)st"tut"o) of CAM!A
•
u)%e& se#t"o) 171864 "s a lau%able ste> ") t2"s %"&e#t"o). Mo)e3 &e#e"e)sato&3 affo&estat"o)P5 a%%"t"o)al
#o;>e)sato&3
affo&estat"o)5 >e)al #o;>e)sato&3 affo&estat"o)5 )et >&ese)t
fo&est la)%5 #at#2;e)t a&ea5 t&eat;e)t >la) fu)%5 et#. s2all be %e>os"te% ") CAF. fu)% &e#e"
•
#o)se&e#"es
• •
;ust be use% ") >la)tat"o)s. I)%e>e)%e)t s3ste; of #o)#u&&e)t ;o)"to&"): a)% ela))"): ")la))"):.
24 E)<"&o);e)t 7!&ote#t"o)8 A#t5 /' 7A#t 6 of /'8. PAGE | 19 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
Le<3"): of a>>&o>&"ate N!+ o) t2e use& a:e)#3 of su#2 %"&"#e of su#2 fo&est use "s le:al. All >&o=e#ts fo& use of fo&est fo& )o)-fo&est >u&>ose s2all be &e?u"&e% to >a3 N!A e#e>t :o&o=e#ts l"e 2os>"tals5 %"s>e)sa&"es a)% s#2ools. T2e SC "s )o@ e)fo&#"): #o;>ulso&3 le<"es o) ;")"):5 >o@e& a)% ot2e& %e;e)tal >&o=e#ts t2at :obble u> )atu&al fo&ests a)% ")t&u%e ")to @"l%l"fe 2ab"tats. A su; of Rs. $5000 #&o&e t2us #olle#te% "s )o@ l3"): ") a #o&>us fu)% @"t2 t2e Co;>e)sato&3 Affo&estat"o) Fu)% Ma)a:e;e)t a)% !la))"): Aut2o&"t3 7CAM!A8. T2e fu)% #o;>&"ses ;o)"es #olle#te% fo& #o;>e)sato&3 affo&estat"o) as ;a)%ate% b3 t2e Fo&est Co)se&&ote#t a)% ";>&o
25 !&a
FOREST LAWS
CHAPTER V FOREST (CONVERSATION / ACT* +,01-
As ;e)t"o)e% aboo@e&s to ;ae la@s o) fo&est ") /,'. Follo@"): t2"s5 t2e U)"o) Goasse% t2e Fo&est 7Co)se&&ote#t"o) of fo&ests. Ma")l35 t2"s A#t @as >asse% to &e;o&"<"le:"): #o)se&e&;"tte% o)l3 afte& #lea&a)#e b3 t2e MoEF a)% t2e Su>&e;e Cou&t 7%ue to t2e Go%aa3;e)t of Rs.$. la2 a)% Rs..6 la2 >e& 2e#ta&e as Net !&ese)t +alue.6 T2e 2"sto&"#al A#t #o)s"sts of o)l3 f"&o&o<"%e fo& t2e #o)se&la#e o) a la&:e s#ale ") t2e #ou)t&3 a)% "t 2as #ause% @"%es>&ea% #o)#e&). T2us5 t2e A#t 2as bee) >asse% to #o)se&&essl3 >&o2"b"ts #o)>&o&o>osals )ee% )ot :o to t2e Ce)t&e at all. So;e se)"o& fo&est off"#"als sa"% u)less t2e A#t @as a;e)%e%5 t2"s ")% of :e)e&al a>>&o>&oe& #e)t of t2e :eo:&a>2"#al a&ea as a:a")st 11 >e& #e)t ;a)%ate% b3 t2e Nat"o)al Fo&est !ol"#35 t2e #ou)t&3 #a))ot affo&% to lose ;o&e. 6 Se#. 6 of FCA >la#es &est&"#t"o) o) %e-&ese&u&>oses. It >&o<"%es ...no State Government or other authority !hall mae$ e8cept #ith the prior approval of the %entral Government$ or any directing -
27 A#t ' of /0. 28 C.R *"=o35 *loo% I) T2e Woo%s5 The 1indu5 A>& /'5 60/$70141 IST8. 29 Mee)a Me)o)5 Clea&a)#e W"t2out Co;>l"a)#e5 The 1indu5 Se>t 60/470// IST8. PAGE | 21 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
7"8
t2at a)3 &ese&&ess"o) &ese&o&t"o) t2e&efo&e5 s2all #ease to be
7""8 7"""8
&ese&o&t"o) t2e&eof ;a3 be use% fo& a)3 )o)-fo&est >u&>oseJ t2at a)3 fo&est la)% o& a)3 >o&t"o) t2e&eof ;a3 be ass":)e% b3 @a3 of lease o& ot2e&@"se to a)3 >&"e&so) o& to a)3 aut2o&"t35 #o&>o&at"o)5 a:e)#3 o& a)3 ot2e& o&:a)"sat"o)
7"<8
)ot o@)e%. Ma)a:e% o& #o)t&olle% b3 Goo&t"o) t2e&eof ;a3 be #lea&e% of t&ees @2"#2 2a
)atu&all3 ") t2at la)% o& >o&t"o) fo& t2e >u&>ose of us"): "t fo& &eaffo&estat"o). T2e SC 2as also %ef")e% t2e te&; Fo&est. I) T.N. Godavarman Thirumalpad %. Union of India- t2e Cou&t 2el% t2at t2e @o&% fo&est ;ust be u)%e&stoo% a##o&%"): to "ts %"#t"o)a&3
;ea)"):. T2"s %es#&">t"o) #o&ote#te% o& ot2e&@"se fo& t2e >u&>ose of Se#. 67"8 of FCA. T2e te&; fo&est la)%5 o##u&&"): ") Se#. 65 @"ll )ot o)l3 ")#lu%e fo&est as u)%e&stoo% ") t2e %"#t"o)a&3 se)se5 but also a)3 a&ea &e#o&%e% as fo&ests ") t2e Goe#t". T2"s %es#&">t"o) of fo&est 2as bee) use% ") ;a)3 #ases. T2e #ou&t 2as ;a%e "t #lea& t2at Se#. 6 "s >&os>e#t"e&at"o) a)% a)3 &e:ula&"sat"o) o&%e& o) o& afte& 6$ O#tobe& /0 #a))ot be >asse% @"t2out t2e >&"o& a>>&ou&>oses 2as bee) %ef")e% as b&ea"): u> o& #lea)"): of a)3 fo&est la)% o& >o&t"o) t2e&eof fo& 7a8 t2e #ult""#es5 &ubbe&5 >al;s5 o"l-bea&"): >la)ts5 2o&t"#ultu&e #&o>s a)% ;e%"#")al >la)tsJ o& 7b8 a)3 >u&>ose ot2e& t2a) &eaffo&esta"o). Se#t"o) 6 fu&t2e& >&o<"%es t2at t2e )o) fo&est >u&>ose %o )ot ")#lu%e any #or relating or ancillary to con!ervation$ development and management of fore!t! and #ildlife$ namely$ the e!tabli!hment! of chec:po!t!$ fire line!$ #irele!! communication! and con!truction of fencing$ bridge!$ culvert!$ dam!$ #aterhole!$ trench mar!$ boundary mar! and pipeline! or other lie purpo!e!. If t2e&e "s a <"olat"o) of Se#. 6 b3 a)3o)e5 2e @"ll be >u)"s2e% @"t2 s";>le ";>&"so);e)t fo& a >e&"o% @2"#2 ;a3 ete)% to /$ %a3s. 16
30 AIR /, SC /66. 31 Nature 'over! -ovement <. State of )erala5 76008 $ SCC 1,1. 32 Se#. 1-A5 Supra5 ). 6,. PAGE | 22 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
T2e Ra=ast2a) HC ") Om Prakash (houdhar/ %. State of "a#asthan*22 ;a%e "t #lea& t2at #o)st&u#t"o) of ")te&>&etat"o) #e)t&e ")) fo&est a&ea "s )ot #ou&>ose5 as t2e Nat"o)al W"l%l"fe A#t"o) !la) >&e>a&e% ") /6 ;aes a >&o<"s"o) of establ"s2;e)t of ;o%el ")te&>&etat"o) #e)t&es at W"l%l"fe U)"ts fo& e%u#at"): t2e <"s"to&s a)% #&eat"): a@a&e)ess ") t2e; about t2e @"l%l"fe. Co)se&&ote#t"o) of fo&est "s >oss"ble o)l3 @2e) t2e >eo>le a&e al"&ote#t"o) a)% %e;e)t of @"l%l"fe a)% fo&est a&e esse)t"al fo& suste)a)#e of 2u;a) l"fe a)% t2e3 a&e >a&t of )atu&eBs :&eat >la) ") @2"#2 t2e3 2ala3. T2e&efo&e5 t2e&e @as )o )ee% to see >&"o& a>>&ou&>ose. Co)st&u#t"o) @as %e#la&e% "lle:al a)% t2e #ou&t o&%e&e% to #lose% t2e &oa% a)% :et t2e s"te &efo&este%. Fu&t2e&5 t2e #ou&t %e#la&e% t2at t2e #ost of &efo&estat"o)5 #ost of %a;a:e to fo&est5 e>e)%"tu&e fo& la3"): t2e ele#t&"# l")e ") fo&est a&ea a)% ")#"%e)tal #2a&:es be &e#oa&t35 @2o ee&#"se% 2"s ")flue)#e o) t2e fo&est %e>a&t;e)t a)% :ot t2e &oa% #o)st&u#te% a)% ele#t&"# l")e la"% o) t2e fo&est la)%.1$
CONSTITUTION OF AD+ISOR9 COMMITTEE T2e A#t 2as also >&o<"%e% t2at t2e CG ;a3 #o)st"tute a) A%<"so&3 Co;;"ttee to a%<"se t2e :o
:&a)t of a>>&o
(UDICIAR9 A ND THE I NTER!RETATION OF THE ACT T2e A#t 2as >ut a bla)et ba) o) t2e use of t2e fo&est la)% o& a)3 >a&t t2e&eof fo& )o)-fo&est >u&>oses a)% ;a%e "t a ;a)%ato&3 &e?u"&e;e)t to see >&"o& a>>&ou&>oses.
33 AIR 600$ Ra= /. 34 AIR 600 *o; /0. 35 +d. PAGE | 23 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
T2e SC 2as ;a%e "t #lea& ") T.N. Godavarman Thirumalkpad %. UOI *24 t2at t2e te&; fo&est ") t2e FCA #ola)%. T2e #ou&t 2as also ;a%e "t #lea& t2at e&"o& a>>&oass"): of t2e FCA. T2e Silent ,alley ca!e;< "s a s":)"f"#a)t ")sta)#e of su#2 att"tu%e. T2"s #ase "s &elate% to a) a&ea ") t2e Weste&) G2ats of I)%"a ") t2e State of e&ala )o@) as !al:2at @2"#2 #o)ta")e% I)%"aBs la&:est t&o>"#al ele flo&a a)% fau)a. A )u;be& of e)%a):e&e% >la)ts a)% a)";als l"e&fo&;"): t2e @o& of ;a")ta")"): t2e 23%&olo:"#al bala)#e of t2e a&ea5 a&e&o=e#t ") t2"s s"le)t e&ts ")#lu%"): s#"e)t"sts atta#2e% to t2e De>a&t;e)t of S#"e)#e a)% Te#2)olo:35 I)%"a) Go&o>ose% >la). T2e3 @a&)e% t2at t2e %efo&estat"o) @as bou)% to ")te&fe&e @"t2 t2e bala)#e of )atu&e5 affe#t #l";at"# #o)%"t"o)s a)% %est&o3 t2e &a&est of t2e &a&e flo&a a)% fau)a5 >&eest #o)t&ol5 b&ee%"): of e#o)o;"# a)% ot2e& la)ts. T2e State of e&ala >lea%e% t2e )e#ess"t3 fo& ;o&e a)% #2ea> ele#t&"#"t3 fo& >oo& >eo>le of t2e State. T2e e&ala HC a##e>te% t2e sta)% of t2e State Go&o>e& to e&o=e#t a)% #o)#lu%e% "ts =u%:e;e)t @"t2 t2e follo@"): @o&%s =+t i! not for u! to evaluate the!e !cientific$ technical$ technological and ecological/ con!ideration! again a! again!t the evaluation already done by the Government. +t i! enough to !tate that #e are !ati!fied that the relevant matter! have received attention before the Government decided to launch the project. We are not to !ub!titute our opinion and notion of the!e matter! for tho!e of the Government.
36 7600/8 /0 SCC '4$. 37 Goa (oundation <. State of Goa5 AIR 600/ *o; 1/. 38 L. !&asa%5 S"le)t +alle3 Case A) E#olo:"#al Assess;e)t5 %ochin Univer!ity 'a# *evie# /6 7/48.
PAGE | 24 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
We find no rea!on to interfere. We di!mi!! no application! #ith no order to co!t!.9 T2e abote% b3 t2e e&ala HC @2"#2 %"% )ot t2") "t >&o>e& to :o ")to t2e %eta"ls of t2e #ase at all. T2e #ou&t &el"e% o)l3 o) t2e Goos"t"o) a)% %"% )ot ea;")e t2e "ssue of @2et2e& t2e&e s2oul% be %e;e)t at t2e #ost of e)<"&o);e)t. T2e&efo&e t2e =u%:e;e)t @as o>>ose% b3 t2e s#"e)t"sts5 e)<"&o);e)tal"sts a)% )o)-:o u)%e& t2e #2a"&;a)s2"> of !&of. M.G.. Me)o) ") Au:. /05 @2"#2 sub;"tte% "ts &e>o&t ") /1 a)% as a &esult t2e S"le)t +alle3 >&o=e#t @as s#&a>>e% ") No<. /1. I) a)ot2e& #ase5 t2e *o%2:2at H3%&oele#t&"# !&o=e#t @as sta&te% *asta& ") t2e State of Ma%23a !&a%es2 a)% "t @as alle:e% t2at t2e SG 2a% )ot :"la#e% >e&so)s a)% t2e l"el3 :a") f&o; t2e >&o=e#t ") #o)t&ast to t2e %e
of
t2e
e#olo:3.
Note%
e)<"&o);e)tal"sts5
so#"al
@o&e&s
a)%
fo&est
#o)se&>ose% t2e >&o=e#t5 but a la&:e t&a# of la)% @as %efo&este% @"t2out obta")"): #lea&a)#e f&o; t2e CG. At last5 t2e !&";e M")"ste& %"&e#te% t2e C2"ef M")"ste& of t2e State to aba)%o) t2e >&o=e#t a)% tae a#t"o) a:a")st e&&"): State Off"#e&s @2o @e&e ")&o#ess.1 Se#. 6 of t2e FCA be:")s @"t2 t2e @o&%s =Not#ith!tanding anything contained in any other la# for the time being in force in a State$ no State Government or other authority !hall mae$ e8cept #ith the prior approval of the %entral Government$ any order... of any nature enumerated in the provi!ion.9 T2"s ;ea)s "t &ules out a)3 )o)-fo&est a#t"<"t3 ") t2e fo&est la)% @"t2out t2e >&"o& a>>&o&"o& a>>&o&e#e%e)t. 40 It "s also a>>l"#able ") a #ase of &e)e@al of t2e e"st"): lease. T2e SC ") "ural 3iti&ation and 4ntitlement 5endra 1ehradun %. State of U.P.%$ 7RLE #ase8 ;a%e "t #lea& t2at =#hether it i! a ca!e of fir!t grant or rene#al follo#ing e8erci!e of option
39 N.. S"):25 !.M. ass M.! Gou)"s2 off"#e&s fo& %efo&estat"o)5 The +ndian 58pre!!5 Ma&. //5 /'.
40 T.N. Godavarman Thirumalpad <. U0+ 5 AIR 6001 SC ,64. 41 AIR / SC 6/,. PAGE | 25 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
by the le!!ee$ the compliance of Sec. > of the %on!ervation Act i! nece!!ary a! a condition precedent.9 T2e abo&o)ou)#e;e)ts. 46 It 2as fu&t2e& bee) ;a%e #lea& b3 t2e #ou&t t2at t2e :&a)t of &e)e@al "s a f&es2 :&a)t a)% ;ust be #o)s"ste)t @"t2 [email protected] T2e #lea&a)#e of t2e CG "s fo& f"e&at"o) #a) #o;;e)#e @"t2out obta")"): E)<"&o);e)t I;>a#t Assess;e)t 72e&e")afte&5 5+A8 a)% >&"o& >e&;"ss"o) of t2e :o&o)ou)#e% b3 t2e #ou&t ") T.N. Go%al3@oo% ;"lls @"t2") t2e fo&est a&ea.4' Deta"le% %"&e#t"o)s @e&e "ssue% b3 t2e SC o) A>&"l 65 6006 a)% De#e;be& /65 /'5 @2e&e") all t2e States @e&e %"&e#te% to #o)t")ue e>e&t #o;;"ttee to assess susta")able #a>a#"t3 of sa@;"ll a)% t";be& base% ")%ust&"es ") t2e States. It also %"&e#te% t2e CG to #o)st"tute t2e CEC as e)<"sa:e% b3 Se#. 1 of t2e E)<"&o);e)t 7!&ote#t"o)8 A#t5 /' to ;o)"to& t2e ";>le;e)tat"o) of t2e #ou&t o&%e&s a)% ea;")e t2e a>>l"#at"o) of t2e sa@;"ll o@)e&s "t ;ust be &e;e;be&e% t2at t2e #ou&t 2as al&ea%3 ;a%e "t #lea& t2at a)3 )o)-fo&est a#t"<"t35 ;")"): a#t"<"t3 a)% sa@;"lls5 @"t2") t2e fo&est a&ea @"t2out t2e >&"o& a>>&oa&t"#ula&l3 %ealt @"t2 t2e sa@;"lls5 l3@oo% o>e&at"): ") t2e fo&est a&eas. T2e Utta&a)#2al HC ") 2ohd. 6a7i "afee %. State of Uttaran9hal *3 %e#la&e% t2at a)3 ")te&>&etat"o) @2"#2 %"lutes &":ou& of t2e &est&"#t"o)s ";>ose% b3 t2e SC #a))ot be a##e>te%. T2e&efo&e5 )o sa@;"lls #a) be lo#ate% @"t2") /0 ;s5 f&o; e"st"): fo&est. I) su#2 #ases5 to ;easu&e t2e %"sta)#e5 ae&"al %"sta)#e @"ll be #o)s"%e&e% a)% )ot t2e &oa% %"sta)#e.
42 Ambica Quarry Wor! <. State of Gujarat 5 AIR /, SC /0,1. 43 A. %ho#gule & %o. 'td . <. Goa (oundation5 76008 /6 SCC '4'. 44 -.%. -ehta <. U0+ 5 760/48 /6 SCC //. 45 760068 SCC $06. 46 Ajendra Singh <. State of U.P.5 AIR 600' All 66,. 47 AIR 600' Utt /. PAGE | 26 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
I) 2uklesh +li %. State of +ssam*30 t2e SC 2as ;a%e "t #lea& t2at t2e %"&e#t"o)s "s "ssue% b3 t2e #ou&t fo& %"s#">l")a&3#&";")al >&o#ee%"): a:a")st e&&"): fo&est off"#e&s a&e >&os>e#t"a&t;e)tal e)?u"&3 2as bee) #o)#lu%e% ") fae)e% t2e&eafte&. A)3 o&%e& <"olat">l"e% fo& &e)e@al t2&ou:2 >&o>e& aut2o&"t"es @2o also &e#o;;e)%e% t2e sa;e5 a)% )o &e=e#t"o) lette& @as &e#e"e&;"ss"ble l";"t. I) Naresh 5umar :ain %. (ommr.*3, t2e >et"t"o)e& a>>l"e% fo& t2e &e)e@al of t2e al&ea%3 :&a)te% sto)e ;")"):
lease. H"s >&a3e&s fo& &e)e@al @as fo&@a&%e% b3 t2e Fo&est De>a&t;e)t to t2e CG fo& t2e >e&;"ss"o) ") &efe&e)#e to >&o<"s"o)s of t2e Fo&est 7Co)se&et"t"o)e& %"% )ot &e#e"e&;"tte% to #o)t")ue 2"s ;")"): a#t"<"t3 ") b&oe) a&ea o)l3. *ut t2e #ou&t #aut"o)e% t2at t2e >et"t"o)e& s2oul% )ot #ause a)3 %a;a:e to t2e t&ees of t2at a&ea. He #oul% #o)t")ue to @o& t"ll 2e "s #o;;u)"#ate% of t2e &e=e#t"o) of 2"s a>>l"#at"o) b3 t2e CG. +m;i9a ")"o) t2at )o &e)e@al s2oul% be :&a)te% a)% ") t2e >&ese)t #ase5 t2e State Fo&est De>a&t;e)t &e#o;;e)%e% fo& t2e &e)e@al of ;")es to t2e CG.
I) 5amal#eet Sin&h +hluwalia %. State of )ihar *5+ t2e (2a&2a)% HC ;a%e "t #lea& t2at all ;")"): a#t"<"t"es ") fo&est a&ea &e?u"&es >&"o& >e&;"ss"o) of t2e CG f&o; t2e %ate t2e FCA #a;e ")to fo&#e.$6 T2"s #lause "s e?uall3 a>>l"#able fo& #a&&3"): o) ;")"): a#t"<"t"es e&"o& to O#t 6$5 /0. It 2a% bee) al&ea%3 #la&"f"e% b3 t2e SC ") Ambica Quarry lo): ba# ") /,. T2e&efo&e5 t2e >et"t"o) @as %"s;"sse%.
48 7600'8 $ SCC 4$. 49 AIR 600' (2a& '. 50 Supra5 ). 46. 51 AIR 600' (2a& 44. 52 FCA #a;e ")to fo&#e o) O#t. 6$5 /0. PAGE | 27 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
I) State of 2.P. %. 5artar Sin&h )a&&a*52 t2e #ou&t ;a%e "t #lea& t2at ee&;"ss"o) to fell t&ees5 @2e) a la)% ") ?uest"o) falls @"t2") a >&ote#te% fo&est la)%. It @as a #lea& <"olat"o) of S#&. 6 of FCA. T2e #ou&t fu&t2e& %"&e#te% t2e SG to #o)st"tute a #o;;"ttee #o)s"st"): of #o)se&&"o& >e&;"ss"o) of CG5 t2ou:2 t2e lease @as :&a)te% ") /4. T2e :o&os>e#t"e&at"o) a)% )ot &et&os>e#t"&"o& a>>&o>l"#able ")sofa& as t2e o##u>at"o)s a)% e)#&oa#2;e)t of t2e fo&est la)% ;a%e >&"o& to t2e #o;;e)#e;e)t of t2e A#t a&e #o)#e&)e%. It "s a>>l"#able o)l3 afte& t2"s %ate.$$
Public Purpo!e Public benefit/I) Goa foundation %. 5onkan "ailwa/ (orpn.*54 t2e *o;ba3 HC obse&&o=e#t 2a% bee) u)%e&tae) b3 t2e CG o)l3 afte& t2e &e)o@)e% e>e&ts f&o; t2e a&ea5 t2e >&"o& a>>&o;e)t a)% e)<"&o);e)tal >ollut"o). I) t2"s #ase5 a !IL @as f"le% b3 a) NGO to stall a >&o=e#t u)%e&tae) b3 t2e Ra"l@a3s Ce)t&al Golete% b3 t2e o)a) Ra"l@a3 Co&>o&at"o) Lt%. T2e #ou&t %e#l")e% to ")te&fe&e @"t2 a >&o=e#t of su#2 ;a:)"tu%e ")te)%e% to ;eet t2e as>"&at"o)s a)% )ee% of t2e >eo>le of t2at a&ea. It @as %e#la&e% b3 t2e #ou&t t2at @2"le ea;")e t2e :&"eoss"ble a%eo>le b3 t2e #o)st&u#t"o) of &a"l-l")e #oul% )ot be b&us2e% as"%e. Ha<"): t2"s ") <"e@5 t2e !IL @as %"s;"sse% b3 t2e #ou&t.
53 AIR 600' M! '. 54 AIR 60// SC /'6. 55 Supra5 ). 1/. 56 7/48 / Ma2 L.(. 6/. PAGE | 28 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
I) Tarun )ha&at Sin&h %. UOI *5 t2e SC %e#la&e% t2at ee&at"o)s @e&e outs"%e t2e t":e& &ese&&ote#te% a&ea5 >&"o& >e&;"ss"o) f&o; t2e CG @as )e#essa&3 fo& ;")"): a#t"<"t3. I) T.N. Godavarman %. UOI *50 t2e #ou&t obse&">el")es ") W"l% Ass Sa)#tua&3 of Gu=a&at5 t2e >&"o& a>>&o>e)s to be a fo&est la)%. Fu&t2e& "t @as %e#la&e% t2at all fo&est #lea&a)#e :"loa%e% o) M")"st&3Bs @ebs"te to e)su&e >ubl"# a##ou)tab"l"t3. It @as &e"te&ate% t2at to a>&a"sal Co;;"ttees to "%e)t"f3 t2e a&eas @2"#2 a&e fo&ests- )ot"f"e%5 &e#o:)"se% o& #lass"f"e% u)%e& a)3 la@5 a)% "&&es>e#t"s #o)ta")"): %eta"ls of lo#at"o) a)% bou)%a&3 ;ust be >&e>a&e% fo& t2e >u&>ose of t2e FCA.
57 /1 Su>> 718 SCC //$. 58 W! 7C8 No. 606 of /$. PAGE | 29 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
CHAPTER VI SCHEDULE TRIBE AND OTHER TRADITIONAL FOREST DELLERS (R ECOGNITION OF FOREST R IGHTS/ ACT* -1145,
T2"s A#t @as >asse% to &e#o:)"se a)% at"o) ") fo&est la)% ") fo&est %@ell"): s#2e%ule t&"bes a)% ot2e& t&a%"t"o)al fo&est %@elle&s @2o 2a&o<"%e fo& a f&a;e@o& fo& &e#o&%"): t2e fo&est &":2ts so e#t of fo&est la)%. T2e A#t "s a @el#o;e to &esto&e t2e &":2ts of t2e ")%":e)ous >eo>le of I)%"a @2"#2 fo&; .0 >e&#e)t of I)%"a) >o>ulat"o). Nea&l3 6$0 ;"ll"o) >eo>le l"o>ulat"o) sta)%s at about /00 ;"ll"o). To >ut t2ese )u;be&s ") >e&s>e#t""#te% as &e>&ese)t"): a)3 s"):ula&5 ;o)ol"t2"# #ultu&e. Fo& t2"s >o>ulat"o)5 t2e&e #a))ot be a)3 bette& )e@s t2a) t2e :o
59 A#t 6 of 600,. 60 A&<")% 2a&e5 LetBs )ot ;"ss t2e @oo%5 The 1indu5 (u)e 6,5 60/$ 70'4' IST8. PAGE | 30 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
Su#2 le:"slat"o) "s )e#essa&3 to e)su&e t2e t&a)sfe& of be)ef"ts to #o;;u)"t"es t2at 2a&o#ess u)%e& t2e *"olo:"#al D"&e2e)s"e5 ba&el3 s"-;o)t2s afte& t2e >ass"): of t2e a#t5 e<"#t"o) of a%"&otest"):. T2e la@ ;aes le:al t2e >&a#t"#es t2at al&ea%3 e)=o3 le:"t";a#3 at t2e lo#al le>e) oose% a ;ass"a&a%o"#all35 %e#";at"o) of fo&ests o) a) u)>&e#e%e)te% s#ale.'1 T2"s A#t "s a &esult of I)te&)at"o)al %e;e)ts a)% so;e >&o)ou)#e;e)ts ;a%e b3 t2e I)%"a) SC l"e P. "ami "edd/ %. State of +.P.*43 )anwasi Sewa +shram %. State of U.P.*45 Samatha %. State of +.P.*44 et#.5 to as#e&ta") a)% &e#o:)"se t2e &":2ts of ")%":e)ous >eo>le.
T2e Nat"o)al Fo&est !ol"#3 of /5 D&aft Nat"o)al !ol"#3 o) Resettle;e)t a)% Re2ab"l"tat"o) fo& !&o=e#t Affe#te% Fa;"l"es o) Feb. /,5 60045 D&aft Nat"o)al De;e)t5 D"s>la#e;e)t5 Re2ab"l"tat"o) !ol"#3 of 600$ a)% %&aft of Nat"o)al !ol"#3 o) T&"bal ") 6004 also ;ot"ass t2"s le:"slat"o). T2e %&aft of Nat"o)al !ol"#3 o) T&"bal ") 6004 &e#o:)"se% t2at S#2e%ule% T&"bes ") :e)e&al a&e t2e &e>os"to&"es o: ")%":e)ous )o@le%:e a)%
61 E%"to&"al5 +alu"): *"o%". 6,5 60// 761$0 IST8. 62 Na)%")" Su)%e&5 Le:al G&ou)%s Natu&al Resou&#es5 I%e)t"t3 A)% T2e La@5 1 NU4S '. *ev. /61 7(a)-Ma&5 60/08.
63 S. Ha&>al S"):25 Fo&est R":2ts A#t a ba)e o& boo)5 The 1indu5 A>& 6,5 60/1. 64 AIR / SC /'6'. 65 Supra5 ). /. 66 AIR /, SC 16,. PAGE | 31 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
@"s%o; @2"#2 ;ust be >&ote#te%. T2e I)%"a) Co)st"tut"o) also 2as >&o<"%e% >&o<"s"o)s fo& t2e a%;")"st&at"o) of S#2e%ule% T&"bes a&eas a)% to >&ote#t t2e"& &":2ts. ', T2us5 t2e A#t of 600' "s t2e &esult of #o)st"tut"o)al ;a)%ates a)% %"&e#t"&ote#t a)% >&ese&eo>le5 t2e"& "%e)t"t3 a)% #ultu&e a)% t2at t2e3 2a&ese)t A#t of 600' 2as bee) >asse% @"t2 a) ob=e#t to &e#o:)"se a)% at"o) ") fo&est la)% ") fo&est %@ell"): S#2e%ule% T&"bes a)% ot2e& t&a%"t"o)al fo&est %@elle&s @2o 2aeo>le 2as bee) u)%o)e b3 >ass"): t2"s A#t. T2e A#t 2as a#)o@le%:e% t2at =the recogni!ed right! of the fore!t d#elling Schedule Tribe! and other traditional fore!t d#eller! include the re!pon!ibilitie! and authority of !u!tainable u!e$ con!ervation of biodiver!ity and maintenance of ecological balance and thereby !trengthening the con!ervation regime of the fore!t! #hile en!uring livelihood and food !ecurity of the fore!t d#elling Schedule Tribe! and other traditional fore!t d#eller!.9 Se#. 67#8 of t2e 600' A#t %ef")es t2e te&; fo&est %@ell"): S#2e%ule T&"bes @2"#2 ;ea)s the member! or community of Schedule Tribe! #ho primarily re!ide in and #ho depend on the fore!t! and fore!t land! for bonafide livelihood need! and include! the Schedule Tribe pa!torali!t communitie!.B Se#. 67o8 of t2e A#t %ef")es t2e te&; ot2e& t&a%"t"o)al fo&est %@elle&s as any member or community #ho ha! for atlea!t three generation! prior to the ?;:?>:>@@ primarily re!ided in and #ho depend on the fore!t or fore!t! land for bonafide livelihood need!.B Se#. 1 of t2e A#t #o)fe&&e% /1 fo&est &":2ts to t2e fo&est %@elle&s. T2ese &":2ts ")#lu%e /. &":2t to 2ol% a)% l"5 a##ess5 to #olle#t5 use a)% %"s>ose of fo&est >&o%u#e @2"#2 2as bee) t&a%"t"o)all3 #olle#te%J 1. R":2ts ")#lu%"): #o;;u)"t3 te)u&es of 2ab"tat a)% 2ab"tat"o) fo& >&";"t"s a)% >&e-a:&"#ultu&al #o;;u)"t"esJ 4. R":2t to a##ess b"o%"&o>e&t3 a)% t&a%"t"o)al )o@le%:e &elate% to b"o%"&ote#t5 &e:e)e&ate o& #o)se&
67 A&ts. 67/85 /'47/85 6445 644-A5 6,$7/8 a)% 11-AJ S#2e%ules + +I5 Supra5 ). 66. PAGE | 32 ASSIGNMENT OF SEMINAR - I
FOREST LAWS
Se#t"o) 4 of t2e A#t 2as s>e#"f"#all3 &e#o:)"se% t2at "f t2e ")%":e)oust&"bal >eo>le a&e l"<"): ") #&"t"#al @"l%l"fe 2ab"tats of )at"o)al >a&s a)% sa)#tua&"es a)% t2e3 a&e to be s2"fte%5 su#2 ;":&at"o)s2"ft"): @"ll )ot be allo@e% u)less5 7"8 A &esettle;e)t o& alte&)at"a#a:e 2as bee) >&e>a&e% a)% #o;;u)"#ate% t2at >&o<"%es 7""8
a se#u&e l"e&so)s#o;;u)"t"esJ T2e f&ee ")fo&;e% #o)se)t of t2e G&a; Sab2a of t2e a&ea fo& t2e >&o>ose% &esettle;e)t
7"""8
2as bee) obta")e% ") @&"t"):J a)% T2e fa#"l"t"es a)% la)% allo#at"o) at t2e &esettle;e)t lo#at"o) 2alete% as >e& >&o;"se% >a#a:e.
T2e fu)%s l3"): @"t2 CAM!A >&ese)t a :&eat >&os>e#t to %e-f&a:;e)t t2e last &e;a")"): >at#2es of ol%-:&o@t2 )atu&al fo&ests. I)%"a =ust #a))ot affo&% to lose t2"s fa)tast"# o>>o&tu)"t3 to ";>le;e)t a @")-@") solut"o) t2at )ot o)l3 #o)sol"%ates #&"t"#al @"l%l"fe 2ab"tats but also %el"la#e5 t2e&e s2all be )o subse?ue)t %"la#e. T2us5 fo& t2e f"st t";e5 so;e &":2t to settle;e)t a)% settle;e)t >&o#e%u&e 2as bee) >&o<"%e% b3 t2e A#t. T2e fo&est &":2t s2all be #o)fe&&e% f&ee of all e)#u;b&a)#es a)% >&o#e%u&al &e?u"&e;e)ts5 ")#lu%"): #lea&a)#e u)%e& t2e FCA5 &e?u"&e;e)t of >a3"): t2e )et >&ese)t e)sato&3 affo&estat"o) fo& %"t t2ose s>e#"f"e% ") t2"s A#t. T2e&efo&e5 "t #a) be sa"% t2at t2e A#t "s a @el#o;e e)sato&3 affo&estat"o) ;e#2a)"s; ")st"tute% to bala)#e t2e %e
