CONTENTS AIM…………………………………………………………………………2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………… METHODOLOGY……………………………… ………………………………..2 …………..2 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….3 BUILDING AND ITS SHEARING LAYER OF CHANGES…………….6 LAYER OF CHANGES……………………………………………………7
Stuff………………………………………………………………..7 Spac p!a"…………………………… p!a"………………………………………………………….# …………………………….#
S$%&c'…………………………………………………………...3(
S)&"……………………………………………………………….32
St$uctu$…………………………………………………………..*+
CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………*7
1
CONCE,TS OF FLE-IBLE ARCHITECTURE
ABSTRACT F!/&0&!&t1 &' " f t &4p$ta"t c"cpt' tat %$1" 'u!5 )" a' a 5'&"$. T5a1 u$ 0u&!5&"' a55$'' "!1 u$ cu$$"t "5' a"5 $f!ct "!1 u$ cu$$"t t$"5' a"5 fa'&". But8 u$ futu$ "5' a"5 ca" &" affct t 0u&!5&" at &t' !at$ 'ta' a!' 'u!5 0 ta)" &" accu"t. T pap$ fcu'' " t 0u&!5&" a"5 t ca"' &c &' &" t ccu$ a"5 t p$0!4' fac5 01 &t 5u$&" &t' !&f'pa" a"5 '4 &""%at&% '!ut&" t$u ca' 'tu5&'. 91 $5' F!/&0&!&t18 A5apt&%&t18 Futu$&'t&c8 I""%at&".
AIM T 4a&" a&4 f t 'tu51 &' t a5apt&%&t1 f t 0u&!5&" acc$5&" acc$5&" t t ca"&" "5' a"5 a!' a!' %$'at&!&t1 a"5 !" t$4 t$4 t&")&" &" t 5'&" p$c''.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY •
A0ut t %!ut&" f f!/&0! c"cpt' &" 0u&!5&". 2
• •
L&f 'pa" a"5 t !a1$' f ca"' f %a$&u' t1p' f 0u&!5&". A5apta0! '!ut&"' f$ t 'a$&" !a1$' f ca" &t 'u&ta0! !&t$atu$ 'tu5&'.
INTRODUCTION T5a18 T5a18 a' a c$at$ f 'pac 5'&" ac a"5 %$1 pa$t f t 0u&!5&". 0u&!5&". Acc$5&" Acc$5&" t &t' "5 a"5 u'' u'' &t atta&"' a t 5&4"'&"a! f$4. T" &t atta&"' t$ 5&4"'&"a! f$4' f$ &t' a'tt&c' a"5 p$'"t t$"5'. Tat &' t $f!ct&" f t 0u&!5&" &c appa$' t u'. But &t a!' ta)' a"t$ 5&4"'&" &c &' &"%&'&0! t u$ 1'. :at &' tat fu$t 5&4"'&"; Y'8 tat &' time. E%$1t&" &' ca"&" acc$5&" t t&4 .A"5 0u&!5&"' a$ "t a" /cpt&" t &t. T$uut t t&4 ca" &' t "!1 c"'ta"t. T 4a<$ f$c tat 5$&%' u' ta$5' t ca"' &'8 • • • •
Rap&5 &"c$a' &" u$ %$1 5a1 "5'. Sc&"c a"5 tc"!1 5%!p4"t Ca"' &" u$ p$cpt&" f 0aut1 a"5 a'tt&c'. T t$1 t$1 '4t&" tat ca" 'cap f$4 t 'ac)!' f t$a5&t&"'.
0ut &' u$ 0u&!5&"' a5apt a5apt t u$ p$'"t a"5 futu$ futu$ "5'. But t1 a$ $5u"5a"t a"5 0'!a"t t u$ u$ ca"&" "5'. T&' &' "cu$a&" "cu$a&" $at$ &""%at&" &" t 5'&" f " 0u&!5&"' t a!! f$ ca" f u' t$uut t 't$uctu$=' !&ft&4. 3
:at &!! app" &f &t &' "t c"'&5$5; : c"c"c"tat c"c"c" tat 4$ " &t' pt>a'tt&c' pt>a' tt&c' ta" &t' fu"ct&". T&' 4a)' u' c!a$ a0ut at Sta$5 B$a"5 accu'' a' 'magazine architecture'.
: 't&4at t !&f'pa" f t 0u&!5&" t 0 ?@>6@ 1a$'. But &t /p&$' &t&" +@>2@ 1a$' 0cau' f t f!!&"8 • • • • •
I"f!/&0! c"'t$uct&" I"f!/&0! a!! I"f!/&0! pa$t&"' I"f!/&0! $f' I"f!/&0! '$%&c'
4
H"c '4 c"%$'&" p$c'' &' $u&$58 0ut tat '4' u"c"4&ca! &c "5' up &" 54!&t&". T1 a$ /p"'&% t 0u&!58 a"5 t c't f $p!ac4"t &' & a"5 c!a$!1 u""c''a$1. u""c''a$1. H$ D$. A.,. A.,. A05u! 9a!a4' t$4 'long term visionary' &t a!' 'u&t' " 'ta$t t 5'&" a 0u&!5&". H"c %$'at&!&t1 a"5 !" t$4 t&")&" 'u!5 a!' 0 c"'&5$5 &" a 5'&" p$c''. "The philosophy behind the notion of flexibility flexibility is the requirements of a modern life are so complex and changeable that any attempts on the parts of the designer to anticipate them results in a building which is unsuited to its function and represents, represents, as it were, a ‘false consciousness of the society in which he operates."
!lan #olquhoun $uoted in Tat%ana &chneiders 'lexible (ousing' ")nli*e the architecture of the past, contemporary architecture must be capable of meeting the changing requirements of contemporary contemporary age".
!+iyonori +i*uta*e $uoted in .-onat's 'orld rchitecture'
5
/)01-023 2- 0T& &(45023 1645& 7 #(2348 : ca" c!a''&f1 0u&!5&" &"t t$ t1p' $'&5"t&a!8 c44$c&a!8 &"'t&tut&"a! .I" a!! t' t1p' t 'ca! f ca"' a$ 5&ff$' $!at&" t &t' fu"ct&". F$ /a4p! c44$c&a! 0u&!5&" ca"'
6
)a!&5'cp&ca!!1 &! &"'t&tut&"a! 0u&!5&"' a$ $5u"5a"t t t ca"'.
U'ua!!1 a 0u&!5&" &' '" a ' '%" 'a$&" !a1$'. 7
S&t> Et$"a!8 $ap&ca! 'tt&"'. St$uctu$> Fu"5at&" a"5 !a5 0a$&" !4"t 6@>2@@ 1a$'. S)&"> E/t$&$ 3@>6@ 1a$'. S$%&c'>?>3@ 1a$' Spac p!a" > &"t$&$ !a1ut ?>2@ 1a$'. Stuff > fu$"&tu$ a"5 0!"&"' ?>+? 1a$'. 9n adaptive building has to allow the
slippage between the differently paced system of site, structure, s*in, service, space plan and stuff:.
1645& 7 #(2348 &T)8
Stuff $f$' t fu$"&tu$ !a1ut a"5 t$ 0!"&"'. T 'ca! f ca"' 5p"5' " t t1p f 0u&!5&". F$ a c44$c&a! 0u&!5&" &f t t"a"t f$ tat 0u&!5&" ca"' fu$"&tu$ !a1ut a!' ca"' acc$5&" t t&$ $u&$4"t. A"5 t t1p f t"a"t u'ua!!1 ca"' f$ %$1 +>3 1a$'. : ca" f&"5 4a<$ ca"' &" t c44$c&a! 0u&!5&" a"5 ff&c $)'pac $at$ ta" $'&5"t&a! a"5 t$ t1p 0u&!5&". F$ a $)'pac t 'ca! f ca"' &!! 0 f$4 6 4"t'>21a$' 0cau' f t f!at&" $at f u'$' a"5 a!' f$ a p1'c!&ca! 5&'$5$ ca!!5 '&c) 0u&!5&" '1"5$4. F$ a $'&5"t&a! 0u&!5&" t 'ca! f ca"' &!! 0 $at$ " c4pa$5 t t$ t1p' f 0u&!5&". I"ca' &f t '& f t fa4&!1 &"c$a'' $ &f t$ &' a 'pac c"'t$a&"8 a" &""%at&% 5'&" 8
app$ac &' "55 t fu!f&!! t u'$ "5'.
9
&;#4 ;128
Spac p!a" $f$' t t &"t$&$ !a1ut f t 0u&!5&". A"5 t 'ca! f ca"' &!! 0 f$4 31a$' t +? 1a$'. It 'u!5 0 c"'&5$5 &" t a$!1 5'&" 'ta &t'!f a"5 ca$$&5 ut &" 0u&!5&" !%! a"5 u"&t !%! p!a""&". UNIT LEEL ,LANNING T&"' t 0 c"'&5$5 &! u"&t !%! p!a""&"8 • • • • • • • • • • • •
Ra 'pac C""ct&" 0t" $4'. F!5a0! fu$"&tu$. M%a0! fu$"&tu$ D&%&'&0! $4' E/c'' 'pac S!ac) 'pac E/pa"5&" &t&" &"&" tt$ C&$cu!at&" M%a0! !4"t' S!&5&" f!5&" pa"!' 10
•
M0&! a!!
SLAC9 S,ACES T &5a! 'pac &" a$c&tctu$ a' '!ac) 'pac8 a 'pac &c "a0!' a 0$a5$ $a" f 0a%&$ t 08 &' p" t ca"&" u'8 a 'pac tat &"$"t!1 a 0$a5$ 5&%$'&t1. T&' 'pac ca" 0 fu"5 &" t $4' f G$&a" 0u&!5&"' f$ /a4p! $ t&$ 5&4"'&"' a% a!!5 a 4u!t&tu5 f u' %$ t&4. It t 'pac f fu"ct&"a!&'48 a 'pac &c &' 5'&"5 t 0 t '4a!!'t tat ca" fu!f&!! " &5a!&5 fa4&!1 u"&t. Ha$5 'pac &' t 'pac tat 'u$$u"5' u' &" c"t4p$a$1 B$&ta&"J &t &' t 'pac f 4't " p$&%at 5%!p4"t $ a )&tc" &' '!!1 a !a0$at$1 f$ c)&" &"8 $ a 05$4 0a$!1 f&t a 05 &c ca" "!1 0 &" " 5&$ct&". S!ac) 'pac8 &4p$ta"t!18 5' "t 5&'4&'' ut f a"5 t "5 f$ c44" $u"58 at &t fcu'' " &' t &% f!/&0&!&t1 a"5 a '"' f a40&u&t1 " t 'pac &' u'5J &t !c4' a 0$a5$ $a" f &"a0&ta"t'. T$ a$ t /a4p!' f /t$4 '!ac) 'pac a$c&tct' ' $) &' $5f&"&" 4&t !) at 'c&a! u'&" p$%&'&". O"8 A"" Lacat" ,&!&pp a''a! &' a F$"c p$act&c8 t t$8 E!4"ta! &' C&!a". D'p&t t&$ $a5&ca!!1 5&ff$"t c"t/t8 t pa$a!!!' a$ "u4$u'. T&$ a&4 &' t p$%&5 t 4a/&4u4 p''&0! '!ac) 01 0u&!5&" t 4a/&4u4 a4u"t f 'pac.
11
T 5 t&'8 t1 u' t 0u5t &" a '&4&!a$ a1 t1 u' a 4&"&4u4 !%! f f&tt&"' a"5 f&"&'' a"5 u' t 4't c"4&ca! c"'t$uct&" '1't4' t p$5uc t 4a/&4u4 a4u"t f 'pac. T1 ft" !a% a$a' u"f&"&'5 f$ t &"a0&ta"t t c4p!t. T1 5"t p$%&5 t 4&"&4u4 f 'pac a' t fu"ct&"a!&'t' 58 0ut t 4&"&4u4 f f&"&'' a"5 f&tt&"'. T1 a!' 0t u' p$fa0$&cat5 c"c$t '1't4' t $5uc c't'. :$ t&$ tc"&u 5&ff$' &' t t&' 1p$ '!ac) 'pac &' p$%&55.Lacat" a''a! fcu'' 4't f t&$ p$<ct " t p$%&'&" f 'u0'ta"t&a! &"t$ a$5"'8 'pac' at$ t&t 0ut u"at5 a"5 "" &"'u!at5. A p$fct /a4p! f t&' &' t 'c&a! u'&" 'c4 &" Mu!u'. T1 a$ 'pac' tat t &"a0&ta"t ca" u' a' a a$5" &" t &"t$ $ a' a $4 &" 'p$&" a"5 'u44$ 5u$&" t 5a1. T 'pac ca" 0 u'5 &" %a$&t&' f a1' &"c!u5&" 0u&!5&" /t$a &"'u!at5 acc445at&" &"'&5. It &' a!' $t "t&" tat %" t at5 pa$t f t u'' $ f!at' a$ "$u'. E!4"ta!' app$ac &' t p$%&5 a" /t$"a! 'pac &c $&&"a!!1 &' a t$$ac 0ut tat t &"a0&ta"t' ca" 0u&!5 &" t /t"5 t&$ 4. U'ua!!1 a$$a"5 a' a t$$ac f$45 f t !a1$' f 5up!/'. T 5&ff$"c' f app$ac ca" 0 u"5$'t5 &" t$4' f t 5&ff$"c f c!&4at'. I"55 a !a$ t$$ac &" F$a"c &' "t u'a0! f$ a !a$ pa$t f t 1a$. Bt a$c&tct' accpt tat t1 5"t a% c"t$! " t futu$ f t&$ 0u&!5&"'8 t1 actua!!1 "cu$a t &"a0&ta"t' t ta) %$8 t1 12
!a% t&"' f$ t4 t 58 a"5 t1 !t t&"' p". T&' c40&"at&" f t a$c&tct a' a" "a0!$ 4$ ta" a" aut$ a"5 t &"a0&ta"t &"%!%5 &" t 5'&" a"5 4a)&" f t 0u&!5&" Ka' pp'5 t a '! c"'u4$ &' a $a5&ca! $>&"t$p$tat&" f t a1 p$cu$ 0u&!5&"'. T&' $'u!t &" a" a$c&tctu$ &c ca" !) $u 0ut t "$'&t1 f t 0u&!5&"'8 t ua!&t1 f !&f tat &t' &"a0&ta"t' ca" "<1 c4pa$5 t t a!t$"at&%' &' t$u !u/u$&'. ,ERMEABLE CIRCULATION
13
14
ILLA CA,RA ICENA KFLOOR ,LAN ,$4a0! c&$cu!at&" &' a t1p f c&$cu!at&" $ t$ &' a c"t&"uu' f! &" t c&$cu!at&" &tut a"1 0$a) &" c&$cu!at&". T&' t1p f c&$cu!at&" &' 4't!1 u'5 f$ &"'t&tut&"a! a"5 a!' f$ 4u'u4 )&"5 f 0u&!5&"'. BUILDING LEEL ,LANNING T t&"' t 0 c"'&5$5 &! 0u&!5&" !%! p!a""&"8
H$&"ta! a"5 %$t&ca! a55&t&" C44u"a! c&$cu!at&" S!ac) 'pac Fu"ct&"a!!1 "ut$a! 'pac. C&$cu!at&" &"&" up D&%&5&" up Sa$5 'pac S$%&c c$.
HORIONTAL AND ERTICAL ADDITIONS
15
FLE-IBLE S,ACE ,LAN THROUGH FE: CASE STUDIES
16
504T<041- &#(57-45 (7)&48
T R&t%!5 Sc$5$ &" Ut$ct a' 0u&!t &" +#2* 01 Dutc a$c&tct G$$&t R&t%!5 f$ M$'.T$uu' Sc$5$ Sc$a5$ a"5 $ t$ c&!5$". S c44&''&"5 t u' t 0 5'&"5 p$f$a0!1 &tut a!!'. R&t%!5 $)5 '&5 01 '&5 &t Sc$5$ Sc$a5$ t c$at t u'. H ')tc5 t f&$'t p''&0! 5'&" f$ t 0u&!5&"J Sc$5$>Sc$a5$ a' "t p!a'5. S "%&'&"5 a u' tat a' f$ f$4 a''c&at&" a"5 cu!5 c$at a 17
c""ct&" 0t" t &"'&5 a"5 ut'&5. T u' &' " f t 0't )"" /a4p!' f D St&a$c&tctu$ a"5 a$ua0!1 t "!1 t$u D St&
GROUND FLOOR ,LAN T R&t%!5 Sc$5$ Hu' c"'t&tut' 0t &"'&5 a"5 ut'&5 a $a5&ca! 0$a) &t a!! a$c&tctu$ 0f$ &t. T t>'t$1 u' &' '&tuat5 &" Ut$ct8 at t "5 f a t$$ac8 0ut &t 4a)' " att4pt t $!at t &t' 18
"&0$&" 0u&!5&"' Ka!tu &t 'a$' a" /t$&$ a!! &t t !a't u' &" t t$$ac. It fac' a 4t$a1 0u&!t &" t +#6@'.I"'&5 t$ &' " 'tat&c accu4u!at&" f $4'8 0ut a 51"a4&c8 ca"a0! p" ". T $u"5 f!$ ca" 't&!! 0 t$45 t$a5&t&"a!J $a"5 a$u"5 a c"t$a! 'ta&$ca' a$ )&tc" a"5 t$ '&t05$4'.
19
T !&%&" a$a up'ta&$'8 'tat5 a' 0&" a" att&c t 'at&'f1 t f&$ $u!at&"' f t p!a""&" aut$&t&'8 &" fact f$4' a !a$ p" " /cpt f$ a 'pa$at t&!t a"5 a 0at$4. R&t%!5 20
a"t5 t !a% t upp$ !%! a' &t a'. M$'. Sc$5$8 %$8 f!t tat a' !&%&" 'pac &t 'u!5 0 u'a0! &" &t$ f$48 p" $ 'u05&%&55.
T&' a' ac&%5 &t a '1't4 f '!&5&" a"5 $%!%&" pa"!'. M$'. Sc$5$ u'5 t' pa"!' t p" up t 'pac f t 'c"5 f!$ t a!! 4$ f a" p" a$a f$ $ a"5 $ 3 c&!5$"8 !a%&" t pt&" 't&!! f c!'&" $ 'pa$at&" t $4' " 5'&$5. :" "t&$!1 pa$t&t&"5 &"8 t !&%&" !%! c4p$&'' t$ 05$4'8 0at$4 a"5 !&%&" $4. I">0t" t&' a"5 t p" 'tat &' a &5 %a$&t1 f p''&0! p$4utat&"'8 ac p$%&5&" &t' " 'pat&a! /p$&"c.
21
22
=0&72& 17)#(4)58
L C$0u'&$=' Ma&'"' Lucu$ $ 5%!p5 a' " $'p"' t t L& Lucu$8 a %$"4"t p$$a4 u"5$ &c a tta! f 2@@8@@@ 5!!&"' f$ 'a! a"5 6@8@@@ f$ $"t $ 0u&!t &t&" ? 1a$' Ka "u40$ !! 0! t + 4&!!&" 5!!&"' "55. T a$c&tct8 a5 0" $)&" " t &5a f t a5apta0! f!$ p!a" '&"c &' Ma&'" D4>&" p$<ct K+#+*8 p$p'5 a '4a!! $a&'5 0u&!5&" f *6 42 &t&" &c 4%a0! a"5 f!5 5" fu$"&tu$ 4a)' t 0't u' f t t&t!1 p!a""5 a$a t$u t cu$' f t 5a1. T 5u0!&" f u'' &t&" ac a$a /pa"5' t u'8 acc$5&" t L C$0u'&$ ca!cu!at&"'8 t &% t u&%a!"t f 7+ 42.
23
L C$0u'&$ a5 a!$a51 /p!$5 t&' &5a &" &' 0u&!5&"' f$ t :&''"f'&5!u"8 &c a% a c"t$a! !&%&" a$a tat &' " !a$ 'pac 5u$&" t 5a1 a"5 tu$"' &"t a 5&%$'&f&5 '$&' f 'pac' at "&t. F$ t Ma&'"' Lucu$8 %$8 t 4%a0&!&t1 &' ta)" t &t' /t$4 &t c4p!/ '1't4' f 4%a0! a!!'8 a"5 f!5&" a"5 4%a0! 05' a!!&" 4u!t&>u'a f t 'a4 'pac.
24
A t&c) 't" a!! p$%&5' t 0ac)0" f$ t u"&t'8 " attac5 t &t$ '&5 f t a!!. T u"&t' t4'!%' $ "%&'a5 a' "t&$!1 p$fa0$&cat5 t1 u!5 !a% t fact$1 " t 0ac) f a !$$1 c4p!t &t &"t$&$ f&"&'' a"5 cu!5 0 put up &t&" t 4att$ f 5a1'. T u' a' 5'&"5 f$ a fa4&!1 &t up t fu$ c&!5$" a !a$ $4 $ 5&"&" a"5 t$ 5a1t&4 act&%&t&'8 a )&tc" tat ca" 0 'ut aa1 01 4a"' f a '!&5&" 'c$"8 05' tat 5&'appa$ 0"at 0u&!t>&" a$5$0 !4"t' a"5 t$01 4a) 'pac f$ a $) $ 'tu51 ta0! a!! a$$a"5 a$u"5 t c"t$a! f$'ta"5&" 0at$4 !4"t. T a$a u"5$ t 0u&!5&"8 a' &" !at$ A4$&ca" /a4p!'8 ca" 0 app$p$&at5 01 t u'$ f$ t&$ " "5'8 f$4 '&4p! 't$a t a5aptat&" a' a $)'p. THE CA,SULE CONCE,T8 9URO9A:A 25
A$c&tct 9&' 9u$)aa a' %$1 &""%at&% &" &' c$at&" f t Na)a&" Cap'u! T$ &" +#728 &c a' t f&$'t cap'u! a$c&tctu$ 5'&". T 45u! a' c$at5 &t t &"t"t&" f u'&" t$a%!&" 0u'&"''4" tat $)5 &" c"t$a! T)1 5u$&" t ). It &' a p$tt1p f$ a$c&tctu$ f 'u'ta&"a0&!&t1 a"5 $c1c!a0&!&t18 a' ac 45u! ca" 0 p!u5 &" t t c"t$a! c$ a"5 $p!ac5 $ /ca"5 " "c''a$1.
26
Bu&!t &" t G&"a a$a f T)18 a tta! f +*@ cap'u!' a$ 'tac)5 a"5 $tat5 at %a$1&" a"!' a$u"5 a c"t$a! c$8 'ta"5&" +*>'t$&' &. T tc"!1 5%!p5 01 9u$)aa a!!5 ac u"&t t 0 &"'ta!!5 t t c"c$t c$ &t "!1 * &>t"'&" 0!t'8 &c )p' t u"&t' $p!aca0!. Eac cap'u! 4a'u$' * / 2.? 4t$'8 p$4&tt&" "u $4 f$ " p$'" t !&% c4f$ta0!1. T &"t$&$ 'pac f ac 45u! ca" 0 4a"&pu!at5 01 c""ct&" t cap'u! t t$ cap'u!'.
A!! p&c' f t p5' $ 4a"ufactu$5 &" a fact$1 &" S&a ,$fctu$ t" t$a"'p$t5 t t '&t 01 t$uc). T p$>a''40!5 &"t$&$ fatu$' a c&$cu!a$ &"58 0u&!t>&" 05 a"5 0at$48 a"5 &' fu$"&'5 &t a T8 $a5& a"5 a!a$4 c!c). H&'t5 01 a c$a"8 t cap'u!' $ &"'$t5 &" t '&pp&" c"ta&"$' 01 u' f a c$a"8 a"5 t" fa't"5 t t c"c$t c$ 'aft.
27
T&' u"&u ta) " apa$t4"t' a"5 &>$&'' &" T)1 &' a p$&4 /a4p! f t Mta0!&'4 a$c&tctu$ 4%4"t f 9&'8 )"" f$ &t=' fcu' " a5apta0!8 $&" a"5 &"t$ca"a0! 0u&!5&" 5'&"'. T' &5a' f&$'t 'u$fac5 &" +#6@ at t :$!5 D'&" C"f$"c. H&5a)a "c 'tat5 tat t Mta0!&'4 &5a' f t +#6@' $ %$1 "8 t 'a c&t&' a' 4%&"= a"5 51"a4&c8 tat c"cpt a$ $a!. Mta0!&'4 a"t5 t c!!a0$at &t "&"$'J t1 &"%&t5 'c&"t&'t'8 5'&"$'8 a"5 &"5u't$&a! 5'&"$'. T1 a"t5 t$a"'cu!tu$a! c!!a0$at&"'. It=' 't&!! $!%a"t 0cau' f t 51"a4&c c&t1= a"5 t$a"'>cu!tu$a! a'pct'.
28
A"t$ t4 f t t4p$a!&t1 f t Na)a&" Cap'u! T$ &' $u"55 &" at 9u$)aa 0'$%5 t$uut apa"' &'t$1J tat apa"' c&t&' 0u&!t f$4 "atu$a! 4at$&a!' a5 t4p$a$1 a"5 u"p$5&cta0! !&f'pa". T&' a'"=t &t't5 t t't f t&48 a"5 t !&4&t' ca" 0 '" &" t Na)a&" T$. T t$ a5 a 5'&" p$&5 f "!1 fu$ 4"t'> '$t$ ta" u'ua!8 a"5 &t a' $u'5. T 5'&"&" "t " %" aft$ c"'t$uct&" a5 a!$a51 'ta$t5. R'&5"t' f t t&"1 p5' a$ " p!tt&" &t' 54!&t&"J a!tu t cap'u!' $ 0u&!t t 0 $p!aca0!8 t 0u&!5&" 29
a' "t 0" 4a&"ta&"5 &" %$ 33 1a$' &c a' !5 t 5$a&"a a"5 5a4a5 at$ p&p'. A$c&tct' f$4 a$u"5 t $!5 a$ t$1&" t $) tt$ t p$'$% t t$'8 c"'&5$&" a!! &5a' a"5 pt&"'. THE ADA,TABLE HOUSE8 DEELO,ED BY THE BRITISH MINISTRY OF HOUSING
T A5apta0! Hu'8 5%!p5 01 t B$&t&' M&"&'t$1 f Hu'&" a"5 Lca! G%$"4"t KMHLG &" +#628 4pa'&' t ca"a0&!&t1 f t p!a" a' 4a"' f$ p$%&5&" f!/&0&!&t1. T 5'&" f$ t 5%!p4"t f t&' u' a' 0a'5 " f&"5&"' a"5 30
$c44"5at&"' pu0!&'5 &" t '4&"a! ,a$)$ M$$&' Rp$t &" +#6+. ,a$)$ M$$&' 't$''5 t &4p$ta"c f a 0u&!5&"' a5apta0&!&t1 t futu$ "5'. :&!'t t c"'&5$at&" f t 'ta' &" a fa4&!1' !&f c1c! a"5 t&$ /p$''&" &" 'pac a5 a!$a51 p!a15 a" &4p$ta"t $! &" t +#3@' K&.. $'"!aa" 01 a" 5" B$)8 &t 0ca4 a c"t$a! fcu' aa&" &" t +#6@' a"5 +#7@'.
T a$c&tct' at MHLG &!!u't$at5 t&' c"cpt &t a 5&a$a4 tat 5&ff$"t&at5 0t" '%" 'ta' &" a fa4&!1' c1c! %$ a p$&5 f f&ft1 1a$' 'ta$t&" &t 4a$$&a8 t a$$&%a! f t c&!5$" &t&" f&% 1a$'8 a"t$ c&!5 &t&" t "/t ? 1a$'8 t $&" up f
31
a!! c&!5$"8 t&$ !a%&" t u' $a5ua!!1 up u"t&! t f&"a! 'ta f$4 1a$ 3? " t cup! &' " t&$ " aa&".
A$c&tctu$a!!18 t&' p$$a4 &' acc445at5 &" a t 't$1 L>'ap5 u' &t )&tc"8 5&"&" $4 p!a1 'pac :C a"5 " a55&t&"a! $4 " t $u"5 f!$. T a55&t&"a! $4 &' acc''&0! 0t f$4 t "t$a"c a!! a' !! a' %&a a 5$ t t !&%&" $4 a"5 ca" 0 32
u'5 a' a 00&' $48 05 '&tt&" $ u't $4. T !a$ !&%&" $4' " $u"5 f!$ ca" 0 u'5 f$ 5&ff$"t fu"ct&"' a"5 act&%&t&'8 a"5 'u05&%&55 a' "c''a$1. Dp"5&" " t "u40$ f ccupa"t' &" t u' a !a$ 'pac t " '&5 f t 'ta&$ca' " t f&$'t f!$ ca" 0 5&%&55 &"t t $4'.
33
34
&+028
S)&" $f$' t t /t$&$ faPa5 f t 0u&!5&". S)&" f t 0u&!5&" /&'t' f$ at !a't 2@>?@ 1a$'. It p!a1' a" &4p$ta"t $! &" t appa! f t 0u&!5&". f$ a c44$c&a! 0u&!5&" t$"5' a"5 fa'&" ca"' f$ at!a't ac a"5 %$1 ?>+@ 1a$'. H"c t faPa5 '4' ut5at5 aft$ +@>+? 1a$'. H"c &""%at&% '!ut&"' a$ $u&$5 t 0$a) t 4"t"1 f t faPa5. But t5a1 t faPa5 5'&" &' a555 &t a " pa$a4t$ &.. &' t "$1 p$f$4a"c f t 0u&!5&". 35
H$ a$ f /a4p! ca' 'tu5&' &t '4 &""%at&% '!ut&"'. DYNAMIC TO:ERS8 DUBAI
D1"a4&c 0u&!5&" &' a!' )"" a' $tat&" ')1'c$ap$'. It a!! 'ta$t5 &t t 5'&$ t ' t %& a$u"5 u'8 f a5
a$c&tctu$ 4a$)' a " $a &" a$c&tctu$. T&' " app$ac8 0a'5 " 4t&" 51"a4&c'8 &' &" fact a ca!!" t t$a5&t&"a! a$c&tctu$ tat u"t&! " a' 0a'5 " $&&5 0u&!5&"'. Bu&!5&"' 'u!5 'ta$t 0&" pa$t f t u"&%$'… a"5 t$f$ 4%&" 51"a4&c.
D1"a4&c A$c&tctu$ 0u&!5&"' &!! 0c4 t '140! f a " p&!'p1 tat &!! ca" t !) f u$ c&t&' a"5 t c"cpt f !&%&". F$4 " "8 0u&!5&"' &!! a% a fu$t " 5&4"'&" TIME. Bu&!5&" &!! "t 0 c"f&"5 t $&&5 'ap'J c"'t$uct&" &!! a% a " app$ac a"5 f!/&0&!&t1 .c&t&' &!! ca" fa't$ ta" %$ &4a&"5.
37
T&' fu$t 5&4"'&" a' 0" t ''"c f 41 $) ' fa$. T c"cpt a' a!$a51 "$at5 c"'&5$a0! &"t$'t &"t$"at&"a!!18 f$4 p!&t&ca! !a5$' a"5 c&t1 cu"c&!'. T 4' !&% &" t a1 !&% a$ a!' 't t ca" 5$a't&ca!!1 &t t&' &""%at&% a$c&tctu$. Ou$ 0u&!5&"' &!! " 4$ $4a&" t f''&!&5 &4a&"at&" f t a$c&tctJ t1 &!! ca"8 c"'ta"t!1 0$&"&" " %&' a"5 /p$&"c' t u' &t t&4J "$ ca" t a$c&tct=' p"c&! &4p' a" "%&$"4"t " u'. Eac 0u&!5&" &!! a% &t' " futu$ a"5 &!! a&" f$54. 9IEFER TECHNIC SHO:ROOM
38
A" ff&c 0u&!5&" a"5 /&0&t&" 'pac &t a 51"a4&c faca5 tat ca"' t ut5$ c"5&t&"'8 pt&4&&" &"t$"a! c!&4at8 &! a!!&" u'$' t p$'"a!& t&$ " 'pac' &t u'$ c"t$!'. Off&c 0u&!5&" a"5 '$4 f$ $p$'"tat&% fu"ct&"' a"5 p$5uct p$'"tat&" f$ a 4ta! c4pa"1 . St$uctu$a! $) 0$&c) a!!'J $&"f$c5 c"c$t f!$'J 't! c!u4"' f&!!5 &t c"c$t a!" t faca5 Faca5' a!u4&"u4>!a'' faca5 &t %$!a$t" ,ut't" $'pct&%!1 faca5 f up$a55 &"'u!at&"8 p!a't$5 &" &t Su"'c$"' f!5&" !4"t' 4a5 f p$f$at5 a!u4&"u48 !ct$&ca!!1 5$&%"
39
40
T '!! c"'t$uct&" f t faca5 c"'&'t' f '!&5 0$&c) a!!'8 $&"f$c5 c"c$t c&!&"' a"5 f!$'8 a"5 't! "ca'5 c"c$t c!u4"'. T faca5 c"'&'t' f a!u4&"u4' p't' a"5 t$a"'4' &t p$t$u5&" 0$&5' f$ 4a&"t"a"c8 &t a" EIFS>faca5 &" &t p!a't$. T 'u" 'c$" p$at' " !ct$"&c 'utt$' f p$f$4at5 a!u4&"u4 pa"!'.
SERICES
41
42
43
STRUCTURE E%" t 't$uctu$a! 440$' ca" 0 4a5 4%a0! 01 u'&" !&t &t 4at$&a!'. DRMM=' SLIDING HOUSE
44
L"5" a$c&tct' 5RMM a% 5'&"5 a u' &t 40&! a!!' a"5 $f tat ca" 0 4%5 t c%$ a"5 u"c%$ pa$t' f t 5!!&". T u'8 &" Suff!)8 E"!a"58 fatu$' a '!&5&" 't$uctu$ tat f&t' %$ t 'tat&c 4a&" u'8 u't a""/ a"5 $"u'. T 40&! !4"t8 &c &' 2( 4t$' !" a"5 &' ?@ t"'8 4% a!" $a&!' 't &"t t $u"5. A' &t 4%'8 t '!&5&" !4"t c$at' '&ft&" 45
ut5$ !&%&" a$a' 0t" t 'tat&c !4"t' a' !! a' a!t$&" %&'8 !&t&" c"5&t&"' a"5 t '"' f "c!'u$ &"'&5 t u'.
T I"5u't$&a! a"5 t ,&ctu$'u A " u' &t u't a""/ a"5 a$a f$ a $u$a! '&t &" Suff!)8 Ea't A"!&a > a '4a!!>!5&" f$4$!1 ca$act$&5 01 0u"a!8 ut0u&!5&"' a"5 ca$a%a" a$$a"5 ca'ua!!1 u"5$ a 0& ')1. T 't$&""t !ca! ,!a""&" pa$a4t$' f$ $u$a! 5%!p4"t $ accpt5 01 t a$c&tct 'a$' &t t c!&"t a "u&" app$c&at&" f %$"acu!a$ fa$4 0u&!5&"'. Aft$ 'tu51&" a!t$"at&%' &t a' a$5 t 4a"&pu!at t !ca! t&40$ f$a45 a"5 c!a5 '5 &5&4.
46
T 0$&f a' a '!f>0u&!5 u' t $t&$ t &" $5$ t $ f58 "t$ta&" a"5 "<1 t Ea't A"!&a !a"5'cap. T c!&"t a' 0t 't$a&tf$a$5 a"5 'p&'t&cat5. T '&t ff$5 a c40&"at&" f $!!&" E"!a"5 a"5 a$&cu!tu$a! H!!a"5. T' pa$a4t$' $at!1 appa!5 t t &"t$"at&"a! a$c&tct' &"t$'t5 &" '1't4'8 4at$&a!' a"5 u"c"%"t&"a! a$c&tctu$.
T p$<ct a' 5'&"5 t 0 !a0$at5 " a"5 0u&!t 01 t c!&"t8 a" "t$p$&'&" 4at4at&c&a" a"5 4t$c1c!&'t. A c!&"t4a)$ capa0! f ca!cu!at&" t %a!u f 5'&" a"5 f $&'). T utc4 &' 3 c"%"t&"a! 0u&!5&" f$4'8 &t u"c"%"t&"a! 5ta&!&" a"5 $a5&ca! p$f$4a"c. A 2(4 !&"a$ 0u&!5&" f appa$"t '&4p!&c&t1 f!!' t $u&'&t 4a/&4u4 ?.(4 p$4&tt5 &5t8 7.24 &t &' '!&c5 &"t 3 p$$a4'J +64 u'8 ?4 a$a a"5 74 a""/. T a$a &' pu!!5 ff a/&' t f$4 a cu$t1a$5 0t" '!&c' f 0u&!5&". T 3 f&/5
47
0u&!5&"' a$ fu$t$ 5f&"5 &t 5&'t&"ct f&"&''J $5 $u00$ 440$a" a"5 !a''8 $5 a"5 0!ac) 'ta&"5 !a$c $'pct&%!1.
T !&"a$ c4p'&t&" &' ca$fu!!1 '&t5 " a !%! $&5 &c $u"' "$t'ut a!" t "$t a't$" 0u"5a$1 f t '&t. Tu' t c$$ap5 p$$''&" f$4 $a5 pa't a""/ a"5 a$a8 t u'8 !a''u' a"5 t" " t a$5" a$ a !&ca! 'u"c. T 05$4'$%&c a!f f t u' &' 45u!a$ t&40$ ca''tt c"'t$uct&"8 t !&%&" a!f a "$&c cu$ta&" a!! !a&" '1't4. T a""/ a"5 a$a a$ c"'t$uct5 f$4 t 45u!a$ t&40$ ca''tt '1't4 &t Sca"5&"a%&a" !a4&"at5 'ct&" &"5' a"5 5$'.
48
T 'u$p$&' &' tat t' 'pa$at5 f$4' ca" 0 t$a"'f$45 01 t fu$t a"5 !a$'t !4"t &" t $up8 t ?@ t" 40&! $f a"5 a!! "c!'u$ &c t$a%$'' t '&t. T&' &' a" aut"4u' 't$uctu$J 't!8 t&40$8 &"'u!at&" a"5 u"'ta&"5 !a$ 'pa""&" &55" t$ac)'8 $c''5 &"t a c"c$t $aft " p&!'. T 40&! $f a"5 a!!' f$4 a" &"'u!at&" 't$uctu$ tat pa''' %$ t a""/8 u' a"5 !a''u'8 c$at&" c40&"at&"' f "c!'u$8 p">a&$ !&%&" a"5 f$a4&" f %&' acc$5&" t p'&t&". Eac !4"t f t c4p'&t&" &' ca$fu!!1 p$p$t&"5 &" $!at&" t f$a48 &"5 a"5 a!! '&'. A!! !4"t' $ p$fa0$&cat5 t 0 a''40!5 " '&t8 /cpt $u"5$)8 &"t$"a! <&"$1 f&/tu$' a"5 /t$"a! 'u$fac'8 &c $ &" '&tu. M%4"t &' p$5 01 49
&55" !ct$&c 4t$' " 01' &"t$at5 &"t t a!! t&c)"''. Eac f t * 'pa$at 4t$' a' &t' " pa&$ f DC ca$ 0att$&' &c a$ ca$5 01 4a&"' $ , '!a$ pa"!'.
T $a&!a1 t$ac)' a$ $c''5 &"t t /t$"a! t$$ac " &c t "t&$ c4p'&t&" $'t'. T 64 au $a&!a1 &' fu$t$ 5&'u&'5 01 't" pa%&" <&"t' a"5 a !&"a$ 5$a&"a u!!1. T&' a!&"' t ! c4p'&t&"8 0%&at' a"1 $f utt$'8 a"5 5$a' t %&'&t$ ta$5 t a$5" 01"5. T t$ac)' cu!5 0 /t"55 &" t futu$ 'u!5 t c!&"t &' t 0u&!5 a '&44&" p! &c &" tu$" 4a1 "5 cca'&"a! '!t$.
50
S!&5&" Hu' ff$' $a5&ca!!1 %a$&a0! 'pac'8 /t"t f '!t$8 'u"!&t a"5 &"'u!at&". T 51"a4&c ca" &' a p1'&ca! p"4"" 5&ff&cu!t t 5'c$&0 &" $5' $ &4a'. It &' a0ut t a0&!&t1 t %a$1 $ c""ct t %$a!! 0u&!5&" c4p'&t&" a"5 ca$act$ acc$5&" t 'a'"8 at$8 $ a $4t>c"t$!!5 5'&$ t 5!&t. CONCLUSIONINFERENCE F!/&0! a$c&tctu$ a&4' t 4t t "5' f t p$'"t pc8 &t &t' t&4>'pc&f&c $a!&t18 'uc a' 'c&a!8 cu!tu$a!8 p!&t&ca!8 "%&$"4"ta! &''u'. It a!' att4pt' t p$p! a$c&tctu$ &"t a 4$ ff&c&"t a"5 'u'ta&"a0! cu!tu$a! p$5uct f$ a 51"a4&c 'c&t1. I 51
0!&% tat t &"c$a'&" 54a"5' f 51"a4&c 'c&t&' "'u$ tat f!/&0! a$c&tctu$ &!! c"t&"u t !5 a '!&5 a"5 '&"&f&ca"t p!ac &" t 'c4 f futu$ a$c&tctu$.
F!/&0! a$c&tctu$ c"'&'t' f 0u&!5&" &t 5'&">&" a5apta0&!&t1 a"5 $'p"5' t ca" f c&$cu4'ta"c' a"5 "5'. T 0"f&t' f t&' f$4 f 5'&" ca" 0 /t"'&%. Bu&!5&"' cu!5 $4a&" &" u' !"$. B1 ca"&" t act&%&t&' ff$5 01 a5apta0! 5'&"8 t1 cu!5 f&t t&$ pu$p' 0tt$. Suc 0u&!5&"' cu!5 acc445at u'$' /p$&"c a"5 &"t$%"t&"8 a"5 at t 'a4 t&4 $4a&" $!%a"t t cu!tu$a! a"5 'c&ta! "5'. F!/&0! a$c&tctu$ p$4t' 4p!1&" t !at't tc"&ca! &""%at&"' tat 0$&" a5%a"ta f$ t u'$. B1 u'&" t !at't tc"!&' a"5 $u'a0! 0u&!5&" 4at$&a!'8 0u&!5&"' cu!5 0 c"4&ca!!1 a"5 c!&ca!!1 4$ %&a0!. F!/&0! a$c&tctu$ ca" 0 a!' !&f> 'a%&"8 01 ff$&" t &"'ta"t '!ut&" f '!t$&" &" t 4$"c1 '&tuat&"'. C"cpt f f!/&0&!&t1 &" a$c&tctu$ &' a!a1' u'fu!. B&0!&$ap1 Tat
