Name: Putu_105 Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 1: Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 83% by answering 5 out of 6 questions correctly. 1. Which of the following statements about metabolism metabolism is false ? You correctly answered: d. All of the energy from metabolism is ultimately stored in the chemical bonds of ATP. 2. Thyroxine is You correctly answered: c. the most important hormone for maintaining the metabolic rate and body temperature. 3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is You correctly answered: b. produced in the pituitary gland. 4. An injection of TSH to an otherwise normal normal animal will cause which of the following? Your answer : c. hypothyroidism Correct answer: d. goiter development 5. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is You correctly answered: a. secreted by the hypothalamus. 6. Which of the following statements is true? You correctly answered: b. The hypothalamus primarily secretes tropic hormones that stimulate the secretion of other hormones.
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Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question 1: Make a prediction about the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the remaining rats compared with the BMR of the normal rat you just measured. Your answer : a. The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat's BMR will be the same as the normal rat's BMR. Predict Question 2: What do you think will happen after you inject thyroxine into the three rats? Your answer : a. The normal rat will become hyperthyroidic and develop a goiter. Predict Question 3: What do you think will happen after you inject TSH into the three rats? Your answer : a. The normal rat will become hyperthyroidic and develop a goiter. Predict Question 4: Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine by blocking the attachment of iodine to tyrosine residues in the follicle cells of the thyroid gland (iodinated tyrosines are linked together to form thyroxine). What do you think will happen after you inject PTU into the three rats? Your answer : b. The thyroidectomized rat will become hypothyroidic and develop a goiter. Stop & Think Questions: 1h. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 432 ml O2/hr 1i. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 1,735 ml O2/kg/hr 2h. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 378 ml O2/hr 2i. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr
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Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 1536,585 ml O2/kg/hr 3h. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 372 ml O2/hr 3i. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 1518,367 ml O2/kg/hr Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800). The normal rat is You correctly answered: b. euthyroid Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800). The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is You correctly answered: a. hypothyroid Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800). The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is You correctly answered: a. hypothyroid 4c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 498 ml O2/hr
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4d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 2000 ml O2/kg/hr 5c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 468 ml O2/hr 5d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 1902,439 ml O2/kg/hr 6c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 462 ml O2/hr 6d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 1885,714 ml O2/kg/hr Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection. The normal rat is You correctly answered: c. hyperthyroid
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Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection. The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is You correctly answered: c. hyperthyroid Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection. The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is You correctly answered: c. hyperthyroid Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with thyroxine (select all that apply)? Your answer : a. the normal rat Correct answer: d. None of the rats developed a goiter with this injection. 7c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 474 ml O2/hr 7d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 1903,614 ml O2/kg/hr 8c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 378 ml O2/hr 8d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr
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Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 1536,585 ml O2/kg/hr 9c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 468 ml O2/hr 9d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 1910,204 ml O2/kg/hr Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection. The normal rat is You correctly answered: c. hyperthyroid Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection. The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is You correctly answered: a. hypothyroid Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection. The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is You correctly answered: c. hyperthyroid Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with TSH (select all that apply)? Your answer: d. None of the rats developed a goiter with this injection. Correct answer: a. the normal rat c. the hypophysectomized rat 10c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour
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Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 372 ml O2/hr 10d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 1493,976 ml O2/kg/hr 11c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 378 ml O2/hr 11d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 1536,585 ml O2/kg/hr 12c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 384 ml O2/hr 12d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 1567,347 ml O2/kg/hr Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid
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levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection. The normal rat is You correctly answered: a. hypothyroid Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection. The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is You correctly answered: a. hypothyroid Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection. The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is You correctly answered: a. hypothyroid Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with PTU (select all that apply)? You correctly answered: a. the normal rat Experiment Data: Rat
Weight (g)
ml O2/min
ml O2/hr
Normal Tx Hypox Normal Tx Hypox Normal Tx Hypox Normal Tx Hypox
249 246 245 249 246 245 249 246 245 249 246 245
7.2 6.3 6.2 8.3 7.8 7.7 7.9 6.3 7.8 6.2 6.3 6.4
432.00 378.00 372.00 498.00 468.00 462.00 474.00 378.00 468.00 372.00 378.00 384.00
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BMR (ml O2/kg/hr) 1734.94 1536.59 1518.37 2000.00 1902.44 1885.71 1903.61 1536.59 1910.20 1493.98 1536.59 1567.35
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Palpation
Injected
No Mass No Mass No Mass No Mass No Mass No Mass Mass No Mass Mass Mass No Mass No Mass
none none none thyroxine thyroxine thyroxine TSH TSH TSH ptu ptu ptu
Post-lab Quiz Results You scored 85% by answering 6 out of 7 questions correctly. 1. How would you treat a thyroidectomized animal so that it functions like a "normal" animal? You correctly answered: c. Provide the animal T4 supplements. 2. As a result of the missing hormone(s) in the hypophysectimized rat, what would be some expected symptoms? You correctly answered: d. decreased basal metabolic rate 3. An injection of thyroxine to an otherwise normal rat will cause which of the following? You correctly answered: b. hyperthyroidism 4. Why didn't any of the rats develop a goiter after thyroxine injection? Your answer: d. In all cases, negative feedback mechanisms were impaired. Correct answer: a. In all cases, TSH levels were not elevated by the thyroxine injection. 5. Why did the normal rat develop a palpable goiter with the TSH injection? You correctly answered: c. The TSH receptors on the thyroid gland were excessively stimulated. 6. An injection of propylthiouracil to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following? You correctly answered: b. goiter development 7. Why did the normal rat develop a palpable goiter with the propylthiouracil injection? You correctly answered: d. The injection decreased the negative feedback mechanism on TSH.
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Review Sheet Results 1. Part 1: Determining the Basal Metabolic Rates Which rat had the fastest basal metabolic rate (BMR)? Your answer: Tikus normal yang diinjeksi oleh tiroksin 2. Why did the metabolic rates differ between the normal rat and the surgically altered rats? How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: Karena pada tikus Tx tiroidnya diambil (hilang). Dimana kelenjar ini menghasilkan hormon tiroksin yang dapat membantu proses metabolisme tubuh. Apabila kelenjar ini dihilangkan, maka metabolisme tubuh akan terganggu sehingga prosesnya akan berjalan lambat dan mempengaruhi hasilnya. 3. If an animal has been thyroidectomized, what hormone(s) would be missing in its blood? Your answer: Apabila hewan mengalami tyroidectomized, maka hormon yang hilang adalah tiroksin 4. If an animal has been hypophysectomized, what effect would you expect to see in the hormone levels in its body? Your answer: Sekresi hormon-hormon akan terganggu. Seperti yang kita ketahui bahwa kelenjar hipofisis salah satunya menghasilkan hormon gonadotropin dan TSH. Dimana hormon gonadotropin akan menghasilkan estrogen, progesteron, dan testosteran. Sedangkan, hormon TSH berfungsi menstimulasi kelenjar tiroid untuk menghasilkan hormon tiroksin. Apabila sekarang seseorang kehilangan kelenjar hipofisisnya, maka yang terganggung adalah perkembangan dari gonad dan produksi tiroksinnya. Sehingga orang tersebut akan menderita hipotiroid. 5. Part 2: Determining the Effect of Thyroxine on Metabolic Rate What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the normal rat's BMR? Your answer: Efek dari injeksi tiroksin pada tikus yang normal adalah tikus tersebut akan mengalami hipertiroid namun tidak akan gondok.
6. What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right? Your answer: Efek dari injeksi tiroksin pada tikus yang Tx adalah tikus tersebut mengalami hipertiroid. Awalnya tikus tersebut mengalami hipotiroid, namu setelah diinjeksi dengan hormon tiroksin menjadi hipertiroid. Hal ini kemungkinan terjadi karena dosis yang diberikan terlalu banyak. 7. What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right? Your answer: Efek dari injeksi tiroksin pada tikus hypox adalah tikus tersebut menjadi hipertiroid. Dimana awalnya tikus ini mengalami hipotiroid, tetapi setelah diinjeksi tiroksin menjadi hipertiroid. Mungkin saja hal ini terjadi karena dosis yang diberikan terlalu banyak. 8. Part 3: Determining the Effect of TSH on Metabolic Rate
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What was the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) injections on the normal rat's BMR? Your answer: Pemberian TSH pada tikus yang normal menyebabkan tikus tersebut hipertiroid dan bisa menjadi gondok. Hal ini terjadi karena tikus yang normal apabila diberi TSH akan menyebabkan produksi tiroksinnya bertamabah. Sebagaimana yang telah kita ketahui hormon TSH akan menstimulasi kelenjar tiroid untuk menghasilkan tiroksin sehingga produksi tiroksin akan berlebihan. 9. What was the effect of TSH injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with the normal rat's BMR? Why was this effect observed? Your answer: Injeksi TSH pada tikus Tx menyebabkan hipotiroid. Dari hasil percobaan, sebelum dan sesudah injeksi diperoleh hasil metabolisme yang sama. Hal ini terjadi karena pada tikus ini sudah tidak ada kelenjar tiroidnya sehingga TSH tidak dapat menstimulasi. Karena disini TSH berfungsi untuk menstimulasi kelenjar tiroid untuk menghasilkan hormon tiroksin. 10. What was the effect of TSH injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of TSH in the syringe too large, too small, or just right? Your answer: Injeksi TSH pada tikus hypox menyebabkan hipertiroid. Awalnya tikus ini mengalami hipotirod, namun setelah diinjeksi menjadi hipertiroid. Walaupun tikus ini tidak memiliki kelenjar hipofisis yang dapat mengahasilkan TSH, tetapi dengan bantuan injeksi dapat menambah TSH yang dapat menstimulasi kelenjar tiroid untuk menghasilkan tiroksin. Terjadinya hipertiroid mungkin karena dosis yang diberikan terlalu banyak.
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