Final Fyp Print

FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM

FINAL YEAR PROJECT

FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM (FWAS)

BY IVNEET SINGH TP023861

UC2F0907CMT BSc (Hons) in IT: System Security University of Innovation and Technology A project submitted in partial fulfillment of award of the Bachelor of Science (Honors) in Information Technology: System Security

SUPERVISED BY: Mrs. INDAH NADIALENNY BINTI MOHD ISMAIL

1 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861


Acknowledgement I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation to the many people who have helped me in the completion of this challenging project. Such a project could have been an herculean task to complete however with the visionary approach of my supervisor Mrs. Indah Nadialenny Mohd Ismail who was dextrous in guiding me in the right direction proved to be fruitful not only in completing this project but also in my own personal and intellectual development too.

I would also like to convey my deepest gratitude to Biometric Ideal Test Organisation in providing me with their fingerprint database for my research and to Mr. Anil K.Jain for providing his Phd. as a free open source online research that inheritably helped my research to attain the epitome of success.



Table of Contents

2

3

1.0

Introduction ................................................................................................................ 7

1.1

Topic of the System: ................................................................................................... 7

1.2

Purpose for developing a system: ............................................................................... 7

1.3

Problem Content and Rationale: ................................................................................. 8

1.4

Rationale for carrying out the project ......................................................................... 9

1.5

Objective of the System: ............................................................................................. 9

1.6

Scope of the System: ................................................................................................... 9

1.7

Nature of Challenge: ................................................................................................. 10

Project management ......................................................................................................... 11 2.0

Project plan ................................................................................................................ 11

2.1

Evaluating and experimenting biometric system ...................................................... 11

2.2

Experimenting with different API ............................................................................. 11

2.3

Testing the Prototype ................................................................................................ 11

2.4

Resources .................................................................................................................. 12

2.5

Development Plan ..................................................................................................... 13

Domain research .............................................................................................................. 15 3.0

Introduction to Biometrics ........................................................................................ 15

3.1

Comparison between identification techniques......................................................... 16

3.2

Comparison between each biometric technology...................................................... 17

3.3

Fingerprint technology .............................................................................................. 18

3.4

Review on similar systems ........................................................................................ 20

3.4.1

Biometric Time Attendance Management Fingerprint System .............................. 21 3 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861

FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 3.4.2

Reason for developing such system......................................................................... 21

3.4.3

Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 22

3.5

3.5.1

Overview ................................................................................................................. 22

3.5.2

This system can be used following areas: ............................................................... 23

3.6

4

Bio-web system ......................................................................................................... 22

Fingerprint matching ................................................................................................. 24

3.6.1

Steps involved in fingerprint matching ................................................................... 24

3.6.2

Minutiae matching: ................................................................................................. 26

3.6.3

Pattern Matching ..................................................................................................... 27

3.6.4

Difference between minutia based and pattern based ............................................. 29

Primary Research ............................................................................................................. 30 4.0

Introduction: .............................................................................................................. 30

4.1

Fact Finding Techniques ........................................................................................... 30

4.1.1

Interview ................................................................................................................. 31

4.1.2

Who to Interview .................................................................................................... 32

4.1.3

How the Interview been done ................................................................................. 33

4.2

Survey........................................................................................................................ 33

4.2.2 5

6

Survey Techniques .................................................................................................. 33

Secondary research .......................................................................................................... 34 5.0

Methodology ............................................................................................................. 34

5.1

Waterfall Model ........................................................................................................ 34

5.2

Incremental Model .................................................................................................... 36

5.3

Boehm Spiral Model ................................................................................................. 37

5.4

Prototyping ................................................................................................................ 39

5.5

Clean room ................................................................................................................ 41

5.6

Object-Oriented ......................................................................................................... 42

5.7

Justification for chosen methodology ....................................................................... 43

Languages ........................................................................................................................ 44


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM ASP.Net ..................................................................................................................... 44

6.1

Java ............................................................................................................................ 44

6.2

PHP............................................................................................................................ 45

6.3

Justification for choosing the programming language .............................................. 46

7

6.0

Survey .............................................................................................................................. 47 7.0

Introduction ............................................................................................................... 47

7.0.1

Objective ................................................................................................................. 47

7.0.2

Survey Design ......................................................................................................... 47

Fingerprint Web Authentication System ............................................................................. 47 7.0.3 7.1

8

Survey Analysis ...................................................................................................... 51

Interview.................................................................................................................... 61

7.1.1

Introduction ............................................................................................................. 61

7.1.2

Objective ................................................................................................................. 61

7.1.3

Interview Analysis .................................................................................................. 62

Design .............................................................................................................................. 67 8.0

Design Principles....................................................................................................... 67

8.1.1

Context Level Diagram ........................................................................................... 69

8.1.2

0 Level Diagrams .................................................................................................... 69

8.1.3

1 level Diagram ....................................................................................................... 70

8.1.4

2 Level Diagram ..................................................................................................... 71

8.2

Inner System Functionality ...................................................................................... 72

8.2.1

Context level Diagram ............................................................................................ 72

8.2.2

Initial class diagram ................................................................................................ 72

8.2.3

Final class diagram ................................................................................................. 72

8.2.4

Administrator ELH ................................................................................................. 73

8.2.5

User ELH ................................................................................................................ 74

9

Implementation ................................................................................................................ 75

10

Testing.............................................................................................................................. 84 10.0

Unit testing: ........................................................................................................... 84


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 10.0.1 Test case: Username ............................................................................................... 84 10.0.2 Test case: Loading image........................................................................................ 85 10.1

Unit testing: ........................................................................................................... 86

10.1.1 Test case: Username and fingerprint image ............................................................ 86 10.1.2 Test case: Adding new staff to database (For Administrator) ................................ 87 10.1.3 Test case: Search staff in database .......................................................................... 88 10.1.4 Test case: Delete staff from database...................................................................... 89 10.1.5 Test case: Troubleshooting login (Secondary login) .............................................. 89 10.1.6 Test case: Fingerprint matching .............................................................................. 90 10.2

Integration testing .................................................................................................. 91

10.2.1 Requirements Testing: ............................................................................................ 92 10.3

System testing ........................................................................................................ 93

10.3.1 Stress Testing .......................................................................................................... 93 11

Critical Evaluation ........................................................................................................... 94 11.0

Degree of success .................................................................................................. 94

11.0.1 Limitations of the system ........................................................................................ 94 11.0.2 Future enhancement ................................................................................................ 95 11.0.3 Main computational challenge ................................................................................ 95 12

References ........................................................................................................................ 96

13

Appendix A ...................................................................................................................... 98

Coding ...................................................................................................................................... 98 14

Appendix B .................................................................................................................... 100 14.0

15

Gantt chart ........................................................................................................... 100

Appendix C .................................................................................................................... 101 Survey Design...................................................................................................... 101

15.1

Online Survey Analysis ....................................................................................... 104

15.2

Interview .............................................................................................................. 107

16

15.0

Appendix D .................................................................................................................... 108 16.0

Project Specification Form .................................................................................. 108 6 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861

FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 16.1

Log Sheets ........................................................................................................... 114

16.2

Ethics Form.......................................................................................................... 119

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Topic of the System: Fingerprint web authentication system (FWAS) is basically focused on fingerprint access control which will be used for university websites login. This system will help in solving the problems faced by most of universities like unauthorized access by the students using university staff member’s accounts. Universities use intranet and extranet also to provide services to students like online library, student webmail and attendance. These websites are also used by the university staff members like lecturers, academics and examination departments. For the staff member’s special permissions and services are allocated as compare to students like updating assignments, results and examination papers. This project involves the development of the system which will scan the fingerprints of the users and will authenticate them. The users need to be involved for their fingerprint scanning; they need to scan their fingerprints using the fingerprint scanner. This system might help university to resolve their security issue regarding website login and unauthorized access. This project will be designed and might be implemented to university website. The rules and regulations for the university will be taken care before implementation of this system

1.2 Purpose for developing a system: The main purpose of fingerprint web authentication system is to implement secure login technique which will minimize the security risk from the current system. In the current system if the student gets access to the username and password for the examination department then it can easily get access to all confidential data. Target User : The target users for this system are university full time and part time lecturers and other staff members of the university like examination department, academics and administration department



1.3 Problem Content and Rationale: These days most of the universities are facing some problems related to internet or web security. Most general security issue is when there is common websites for both students and staff logins universities face problem regarding unauthorized access by the students. Now days some university decided to even upload exam papers on university websites which are only limited to some staff members like senior lecturer or examination department like APIIT intranet system.

One of the problem as presented by (Albinson, 2004) is that Internet accounts get compromised. Now days many internet accounts have been compromised due to hacking, people use common and similar passwords for all accounts. Hackers trap the users by using some techniques like phishing and key loggers. Key loggers can track the internet activities including the username and password. So by using biometric technology such as fingerprint scanning the hackers / intruders cannot get access to the fingerprint image because the image is converted into binary codes and which cannot be deciphered.

Username and passwords may not fall into the wrong hands due to hackers: users may use their phone numbers, passports number or family name as their password which can be easily picked up. The unauthorized users need not be a hacker in order to get access. The fingerprint is the only tool that can authenticate user.

The problem listed in

(Cybercriminals Target Online Banking Customers, 2010) Frauds

happening all around the internet due to phishing: Banking and credit card frauds are more famous among the fraud list. All this came into picture after the internet banking and online credit card usage was implemented for the internet users. On the internet many phishing page are uploaded to get the data for the banking customers. So by using biometric technology such as fingerprint scanning it is not easy to design phishing page to capture the image of the fingerprint as compared to username, passwords or credit card numbers.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM Sometimes internet users forget their account user-name and passwords, as they manage many accounts for different purposes like social networking, email accounts, banking account, university accounts or company accounts. Implementing the fingerprint scanning would enable such users to access their various accounts with minimal hassle.

1.4 Rationale for carrying out the project The reason for developing this system is to secure university websites from unauthorized access. This system will be able to minimize security risks to university current system and help staff members for fast and easy access to their accounts. This system will deliver a better and secure way to login into the university websites. This system can also help in preventing the problems relating to internet security like accounts get compromised or sometimes user forget their passwords. By implementing this type of system the universities can upload and share confidential data within the network.

1.5 Objective of the System: The basic requirement is to develop a system that can security risks and authenticate the genuine users through a fingerprint web-authentication system (FWAS) using biometric technology. This system will be mainly for university websites. Before developing this system researcher need to understand the problem area of the current system and should able to face the challenges to make the system work fully functional. This system will not only prevent unauthorized access but also helps in solving various problems regarding internet security. As developer will minimize the scope of the project to university website login but can also use this systems in online banking, shopping websites, military or any other websites that contains confidential data. This system will provide internet security to keep the system and information safe from malicious software’s, need to maintain privacy and protect sensitive and confidential information.

1.6 Scope of the System: This system will be mainly focused on university website to provide security. The users need to login into their accounts using fingerprint web authentication system, users need to scan their


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM fingerprint to get access to their accounts. This system also helps in solving the problems in the current system.  To minimize the security risks from the current system (University website).  To improve security for internet users using fingerprint recognizing. 

To prevent the happening of fraudulent activities such as hacking of accounts passwords and misuse them

 To obtain fast and accurate authentication results in cost effective manner.

1.7 Nature of Challenge: Attaining device: As the system is based on fingerprint biometric authentication, developer needs to buy the biometric device which can scan the finger prints of the users. The device should have software development kit so that by using that kit developer can store the fingerprints in form of digital data in database.

Cooperation of users or participants: Before the development of the system developer need to do a research which includes surveys and questionnaires. While conducting the survey and questionnaire the cooperation of the participants is must.

Authentication: System should verify the genuine user and should be able to minimize security risk .The verification between human and machine should be claimed. The fake user cannot be authenticated. Previously authentication system uses username and passwords or digital signatures. But now new method of authentication is introduced for web-logins.

Authorization: The authorization to the genuine user is must. Each and every user has different permissions but if the user is genuine and system allows the access to user for other account. System need to verify the account information before authorizing any user.



2 Project management 2.0

Project plan

The detailed research is required to meet the aims and objectives of the system.

2.1 Evaluating and experimenting biometric system Developer need to conduct and experiment, analyze and evaluate biometric systems. The experiment will be based on working mechanism of biometric systems. Through this experiment the developer will understand various biometric communication systems such as whether it is based on client/server or some are also based on peer to peer architecture. By analyzing it developer will able to decide which communication architecture is going to be used for the proposed system.

2.2 Experimenting with different API Developer need to do experiment on various programming API. The API also depends upon the device which is used for developing the system. Selection of the API is very important part for developing biometric systems because using the API we can develop the system. To enable the system to work on different platform developer need to choose API this can support platform independence.

2.3 Testing the Prototype Different type of testing will be conducted to test the prototype. For example – stress testing will be done to check the performance and availability of the system when the numbers of clients are high or low. Then other testing will be done to check the output of the system by entering different values. Deliverables After achieving the aims and objectives of the proposed system the system might represent a better performance and the system that is highly available for the user even if the users are increased. The system might be implemented to the university website and there will be more than 160 users for this system. Developer need to make sure about the performance and availability of the system.



2.4 Resources Developer need to find the resources which can be helpful in developing the system. E-Resources Access to following main websites for collecting research material:  IEEE-http//:www.ieeexplore.ieee.org/  A fingerprint matching algorithm using phase-only correlation (IEICE TRANS.FUNDAMENTALS.VOL.E87-A, NO.3 MARCH 2004)  FINGERPRINT RECOGNIZATION www.biometrics.gov  A simple matching algorithm for fingerprint minutiae Data sets in accordance with DIN V 66400 (Lisa Thalheim)

Books 

Encyclopedia of biometrics, by Stan Z. Li, Anil K.Jain



Security and access control using biometric technologies by Robert Newman

Researcher might conduct survey among the users of the system i.e. university lecturers. The survey will be designed and distributed among the lecturers within the university. Researcher might conduct an interview with the company based on biometric and voice recognition technology for gathering technical information regarding the system. This might help researcher in gathering technical information regarding the biometric technology.



2.5 Development Plan Problem Identification phase: In this phase developer will identify the problem area for the system. As developer needs to do a research on problem area as proposed system is based on fingerprint web-authentication system. Developer needs to analyse the current system and the problems faced in that system. The problem area that developer will focus is based on university websites.

Requirement phase: In this phase developer will start requirement and data gathering using survey and interview. Developer needs to analyse the requirement for the project which would require the developer to do research and strengthen the understanding on the following areas of knowledge, both domain and as well as technical research areas, without which the developer will not be able to deliver a good academic project. Developer will conduct an online survey with the university lecturers as they will be the users for the proposed system. An interview will be conducted with project manager of CTI group regarding technical knowledge with current system.

Specification phase: In this phase developer will decide the specification of the system. Now developer needs to do a research on the biometric hardware devices available for the system, the developer need to do a research for the specification of the device that is required to develop the system. Developer needs to be very careful about specification because if any error is made within this process, it can create a problem in development of the system. For the development of the system the developer need to know about the current architecture of the system.

Design phase: In this part the developer will design the database and interface of the system. The system interface should be friendly and developer should also consider human computer interface during the development of the system. The database should be highly normalized and as the proposed system is web based the developer should design web based interface.

Implementation phase: In this phase developer will start coding for the system; developer should have clear idea about the functionality of the system and the language chosen for the 13 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861

FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM development of the system. This process will take longer time as developer needs to do coding for the project.

Testing phase: After development of the system is successfully completed developer will now test the system find errors or bugs. The testing for this system might cover several stages like stress testing, black box testing, grey box testing and white box testing. If there are any errors or bugs the developer will try to fix them in this phase.

Deployment phase: In this phase the system is being moved to a working environment, the development of the system might take place in that environment as there can be some errors in the system while implementing to a new environment. Once the system is ready to use it will be monitored to find out any kind of error or future requirements for the system.



3 Domain research 3.0 Introduction to Biometrics Biometric authentication is one of the technical improvements in information technology and looks set to change the way for majority of people. Security in the present context has become the harbinger of innovation and has evolved the need for genuine authentication is pertinent. Personal use of biometric systems is being an issue for authentication and security. Mostly finger print recognition is used for authentication. This paper is organized as follows: by now, the reader should have a clear idea about what this project is all about and section one which consisted for the current problem incurred by the internet users and need for the system followed by the study of objective , level of challenge and project planning , section two consists of literature review followed by domain and technical research .Section three will illustrate how primary research (survey and the interview)and investigation was done and which methodological choices were made. Biometrics is defined as behavioural uniqueness that can be used to verify to identify an individual, which can include fingerprint verification, retinal scanning, face recognition, iris, and signature verification. Biometric system is authenticates users by its biological characteristics and behaviour characteristic that can be fingerprint, iris, face and voice. (Ruud Bolle, 2001) There are some traditional techniques used for authentication  Manually tokens (Anil Jain, 2000): It refers to identification process in form of human intervention , means a person will make a decision for deciding whether the identify is approved or not E.g.: On airports the authentication is done manually by verifying passports , now the airport immigration authority takes decision regarding the traveller authentication is verified or not.  Automated tokens

(Anil Jain, 2000) : These token does not involve human

intervention for identification. E.g. verification system like ATM, smart cards and magnetic strip cards.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM "Authentication is something you have, something you know, and something you are when you add biometrics" (Charles Kolodgy, 2001) (Lewis, 2001-2002) 

Something you know (a password or personal identification number, PIN)



Something you own (an identity card, pass, or token), and



Who you are (one of the distinctive characteristics unique to you)

3.1 Comparison between identification techniques Tokens

Can be fake and can be used without knowing to original holders. E.g. Someone can "steal an identity" and create a new fake ID using any others personal information.

Passwords

Can be cracked or obtained using hacking techniques or tools like password cracking. Can be told. If the password is told to a person they can get into your account and can misuse your personal information. It can be forgotten which can cause problem for an organization you are working for E.g. you are working in a organization you need to gain access to company email account urgently, forgetting password can cause you in trouble that time.

Biometrics

Cannot be fake Cannot be cracked Dealing with accuracy sometimes causes problem in biometric device like having a cut on finger, burn or excessive rubbing on hard surface can bring damage to your finger then it might not be possible that you can be authenticated by biometric system that time.

Table 1: Tokens vs. Passwords. Vs. Biometric



3.2 Comparison between each biometric technology Methods

Strength

Weakness

Suitable applications

Finger print

Stable over time

Needs to training

Workstation

uniqueness

user resistance

access control , ATM , airline tickets , physical access control , information system control

Face

Iris

Universally present

Cultural and religious

physical access

issues

control

Stable over time

Needs to training

ATM , airline

uniqueness

user resistance

tickets , physical access control

Retina

Stable over time

Slow read time user

physical access

uniqueness

resistance

control , information system control

Hand geometry

Low failure to enroll small template

physical access Size of device

control ,

childish finger growth information system control, time attendance Voice

Less training

Changes and unstable

Mobile phone

excellent user

over time

banking

High user acceptance

Enrollment task long

Portable device

less training

& unstable over time

stylus input

acceptance Signature



3.3 Fingerprint technology Fingerprint identification is one of the most well know biometrics because of the uniqueness and consistency over time. The fingerprint has been used from past century for the identification purpose but now it has become advanced using biometric technology and computing capabilities. The fingerprint technology has become so popular because of the ease of use and several sources (ten dingers) available for collection. This literature review also addresses on some areas like social and legal issues regarding fingerprint technology. Human factor that relates to biometric technology and some security issues for fingerprint biometric technology. The issue effecting biometric technology are presented as by (Green, 2005) as follows: Social issues There are several social issues that affect fingerprint biometric technology like misunderstanding the usage of the device of technology. Hesitation is also one of the issues relating to biometric, new users sometime hesitate to use new technology. Security concerns No system that tend to be entirely secure there are some intrusiveness in the system including fingerprint technology. But implementing fingerprint biometric system can be somewhat secure as compare to stealing and copying passwords, there is a level of security. Mainly passwords can be broken by using some software but using fingerprints for authentication will be considered more secure and reliable.

Privacy Concerns The privacy concerns can be leaving the fingerprints all over the place on daily basis work that user do. But when a user is involved in using fingerprint technology user might worry about the privacy. Third party involvement in data Other than privacy the concern for the fingerprint is that when the fingerprints are scanned they are stored in the digital format and are stored in the database. The data store in the database can be copied or deleted. The fear for the user fingerprint publicity or privacy can be a problem. 18 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861

FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM Health concern The health concern for the fingerprint is related to the safety of fingerprint technology. While user interaction there is a direct contact between user and device sensor , user might fear of electric shock or spreading germs or might experience some kind of pain while using the device.

The graph shows user uncomfortable using biometric technology 160

Nu mb er of res pon den ts

140 120 100 80 140 60

120

110

95

40 60 20 0 Fingerprint

Iris Scan

Retina Scan

Voice Recognition

Handwritting recognition

Human Factors Gender Factor: As per gender woman have slim and smaller fingers with long nails as compared to males. Due to the change the fingerprint scanning device may not be able to capture a good sample or authenticate well. The shape and size differs with regards to gender. Age factor: As people age increases the fingerprint becomes lighter and there is elasticity in skin. Such a problem can result with poor acquisition of fingerprint and will not be able to match with the original samples. It also varies from the sensor and hardware that is being used. Occupational factor: As some of people do labor jobs, they might deal with lifting up heavy things and working with chemical which may result in wearing of fingerprints. This might cause problem for the


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM fingerprint scanner to match it or capture the sample. But there are some sensors available which use the second layer of the skin to be captured. Secondary Research Developer needs to do feasibility study on the current biometric fingerprint system available in the market before proceeding towards the development of the proposed system. Developer need to find and analyze the requirements for the system and gather information about the systems. Developer need to analyze the resources required to develop the system. As there is much information available on internet regarding biometrics but developer need to be careful before using that information because the information mentioned can be wrong. While referring the source developer need to see the website or domain from which the information is being taken, the information that was gather from internet should be authenticated and verified. The developer can refer to journals, papers and university website because they are very reliable.

3.4 Review on similar systems There are lots of products available in the market using bio metric technology. Before moving towards the project, the developer needs to find similar biometric fingerprint systems that have being already developed and need to review on these systems. The proposed system (Fingerprint Web Authentication System) which is not yet been developed in the market but there are similar systems available in the market that are using fingerprint technology for the authentication.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 3.4.1 Biometric Time Attendance Management Fingerprint System Overview Lone wolf software, Inc was founded in 1991 which has evolved small computer resources to custom software with clients in multinational companies. The company has been developing systems of no just time and attendance but also for other management software’s. The Juno uses the best finger print technology which is highly rated in time attendance management system. It brings the manual work to automation and faster than before like it is used in automated time and attendance terminal. It is easy to maintain and use, need not require much training procedures before using this device. It allows the user to clock in and out with just a touch of a finger. It’s not only used for clock in and out but user can also view the previous records and other information like departments and current projects. For the audio assistance and verbal conformation speakers are attached on the board. This product also comes with the internal bell system which uses the internal speakers for a beep like common start, break time and end time. This product is capable for holding more than 1,500 templates and 30,000 transactions which makes it the perfect for any size of the company. 3.4.2 Reason for developing such system This system is fast replacing the traditional attendance registers. Huge number of employees works under one company and it’s very difficult to maintain each employee daily records manually like (attendance, time in and time out). Manually it takes so much time for the employees to mark the records. The old traditional system was not easy to maintain and was also so much time consuming, generating a report manually can take so much longer time using manual attendance system. Reasons for developing or using these types of systems are mentioned below: 

Security: Employees need to punch there finger on the sensor to enter the company and mark attendance, by this elimination of fake entry and a reduction of time theft. Moreover reduce the labor cost and saves lots of money. 21 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861

FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 

Accuracy: With increase in security this system also provides increase in accuracy. Besides from time theft, calculating mistakes cost can be reduced easily. The automation of report generating will be accurate. You will be able to monitor attendance, breaks and holiday hours; everything will be recorded correctly and fairly.



Easy to Use: Automated attendance and management system are easy to use and implement. Employees can just log their attendance easily just with a touch of the finger and managers can.

3.4.3 Conclusion This system is similar with the developers system as per the technology perspective, because this system is also using biometric fingerprint technology, but developers system is mainly based on the web authentication system. The backend working for the system above and developers system will be similar as in this system developer will be also storing the fingerprints of the users in the database that are going to use the system.

3.5 Bio-web system 3.5.1 Overview Biometric security solution is company which provides biometric services to wide range of companies all around UK. This company deals with many biometric products like Biometric Hardware , fingerprint scanners, Iris cameras, biometric software and signature recognition. This company has been developing system for not only web-security but also for network login system, time attendance system and secure USB drives. Bio-web system developed for the web environment where it can also determine the hardware configurations available on the client machine. For this fingerprint reader or scanner is required at the client side.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM The following are the process for Bio-web fingerprint authentication as user’s point of view:  User should navigate to the login page and enable the active x control for fingerprint authentication.  User needs to login the username and then will be redirected to the fingerprint authentication page. The user should place the finger on fingerprint reader to scan the image of the fingerprint.  The users will submit the login details and fingerprint image to the biometric sever  The request will be sent to the server for verification of the fingerprint and username  If the user is verified then user is granted access to their accounts but if the match fails then user is deemed invalid. 3.5.2 This system can be used following areas: Intranet: Most of the critical areas of the intranet can be protected using fingerprint authentication like in some organization they use attendance and payroll systems. Extranet: Using fingerprint authentication can help users to minimize security risks as sometimes user does not logout from the extranet, there can be timeout implemented and login will be using fingerprint authentication. B2C applications: For B2C like online banking, the user can use for login into banking websites using fingerprint authentication.



3.6 Fingerprint matching Two of the fundamentally important conclusions that have risen from research are: 1. A person's fingerprint will not naturally change structure after about one year since birth. 2. The fingerprints of individuals are unique. Even the fingerprints in twins are not the same. Each and every fingerprint consists of ridges and valleys. The upper skin segments of the finger are ridges and the lower skin segments are known as valleys. These ridges form points called minutia points, there points are formed by identifying ridge endings and ridge splits. Fingerprints into five categories: whorl, right loop, left loop, arch, and tented arch. Matching one fingerprint with another fingerprint the system needs to check arch, loop, whorl and delta.

Outlines of typical automated fingerprint recognition system

3.6.1 Steps involved in fingerprint matching In scanning method the digital image is directly taken from the device by placing the finger on the surface of fingerprint reader. Some sensors like optical are based on frustrated total internal reflection technique used to capture the live finger prints mostly in forensic and government agencies use these kind of systems. Some of devices while solid state and sweep sensors based measures the difference in physical properties such as capacity or conducting friction ridges and valleys.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM In the identification phase the user need to touch the sensor, for generating a few fingerprint image know as query print. The minutia points are extracted from the query print and then go for match into the database to find the similarity between the common minutia points. Sometimes due to some variations the fingerprint placement on the sensor or pressure applied to on the sensor, the points that are extracted from the fingerprint should be aligned before the matching takes place. Now the matcher will look for a number of pairs of matching minutiae.

In feature extraction from a fingerprint image is characterized into three levels. Level 1: Feature capture macro details such as friction ridge flow, pattern type and singular points. Level 2: Feature refers to minutiae such as ridge bifurcations and endings. Level 3: Feature includes attributes of the ridges such as ridge path deviation, width, shape, pores, edge contour and

A fingerprint matching finds a match between two fingerprints, which can be high from the same fingerprint or low for other fingerprints. Fingerprint matching is difficult pattern recognition problem due to the variations in the fingerprint, different variations from the same fingerprint or similarity between the two fingerprints. The variations are caused due to pressure and placement of the finger on the surface of fingerprint reader some other variations can be with different conditions like skin dryness or cuts. The similarity can be large as there are only three types of fingerprint patterns arch, loop and whorl. There are four different type of 25 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861

FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM algorithm used for fingerprint matching: image correlation, phase matching, skeleton matching and minutiae matching. Minutiae based matching is commonly used because this technique has been used from many centuries by the forensic experts. The minutiae based representation provides effective loading and same finger as a match. A system false rate and false non match rate depends on the operating threshold , when there is large number of threshold for false match rate at very high false non match rate for a fingerprint matching system it is impossible to remove both the error for false match rate and false non match rate simultaneously. Example of fingerprint and two minutiae

3.6.2 Minutiae matching: The minutiae based fingerprint is used widely as this scans the fingerprint card and then extracts the minutiae from the fingerprint and search, compare or lists the minutiae against other fingerprints. The minutiae based matching system usually return the number of matched minutiae on a fingerprint to both query and reference to generate similarity scores. At typical good-quality fingerprint image contains about 20-70 minutiae points. According to forensic science if two fingerprint have minimum 12 matched minutiae they are considered to have come from the same finger. More the minutiae in a fingerprint match more the higher similarity scores. Enrolment of minutia points



In the enrolment process of fingerprint the minutia points are located according to their positions to each other in the directions recorded. Then the minutia points recorded are stored in form of template for authentication of the person later on. For the matching of the fingerprint image the minutia points are extracted and compared with the saved template. The minutia points are then compared with registered template and try to find out as many points for a authentication. Verification using minutia points

3.6.3 Pattern Matching The pattern matching is not only done on the basis of the fingerprint points but also some characteristics include like ridge thickness, curves, density. The pattern based algorithm is not widely used due to increased depth of data in a pattern. The pattern based algorithm and minutia based method suffer the same difficulties varying fingerprint quality. In the pattern based the image is taken from the sensor and is store in the database as template. Then the image is cropped in form of square with a fixed region and directions. The cropped region is then compressed and store in the database for match. Enrolment with pattern based algorithm



The verification begins when another fingerprint image is capture by the sensor and is sent for the match. The registered small image from the template is then compared with the fingerprint image to find the degree of the template match. Verification using pattern based algorithm


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 3.6.4 Difference between minutia based and pattern based Minutia Definition

How it works

Template size

Pattern

Analyzing the points where the ridges

Analyzing the graphical comparison on

on the fingerprint splits or ends

the fingerprint image

The device captures the image and

Graphical centre of the image is taken

then fingerprint image is identified

cropped at the fixed size distance and

from the core, loop, arch, whorl and

compressed for a subsequent match. The

ridges. The directions are marked and

more difference between the graphical

compared with the other image. These

images less chance for the fingerprint

points are known as minutia

match.

As small as 120 bytes average size is

500-700 bytes when compressed

350 bytes Depends to template size , smaller the

Depends to template size , smaller the

template size faster the search speed

template size faster the search speed

results

results

Sensitivity to

Less sensitive as only 30% of minutia

If the arch or cut on the finger , the new

physical changes

is required for the match. Cuts and

template may be required

Search speed

arch usually do not effect on the match Sensitivity to

Less sensitive to change over time

placement of the finger on the sensors

time Standard

Sensitivity to the physical changes and

X.509 None AAMVA B10.8

None



4 Primary Research 4.0 Introduction: Primary research focuses on data gathering methods for the target users; this section includes the collection of information from the target users. The information will be used in the development of fingerprint system, to quote Nobel Prize winner physiologist Albert Szent-Gyorgyi, “Research is to see what everybody else has seen and to think what nobody else has thought”. Primary data is the data which is being collected by you and is more reliable and up to date. It’s the data that has been created first time and there is no other previous source available. To do a research many facts finding techniques will be carried out by the researcher.

4.1 Fact Finding Techniques To study the system analyst need to have all relevant information and facts required for that system. For each and every project to be successful depends upon the accuracy of data collected or available. There are several methods and techniques used to collect the accurate information or data available. These methods and techniques are termed as fact finding techniques or methods. When these facts are represented in the form of quantitative termed as data. Interview, survey, questionnaire, recording views and observation are some fact finding techniques.

Data gathering is very important stage in system development life cycle. There are two basic types of fact finding techniques and that are:

The qualitative research includes participant observation, interviews and focus group. Using this technique provides the quality of data which can be analysed easily as it is based on expert views and judgment.



The quantitative research includes controlled questionnaires, surveys and experiments. Using this technique of data is been gathered and much time is required to analyse the data. The accuracy of data is very accurate.

For the data gathering the developer decided to use both fact finding techniques. For qualitative research developer decided to conduct an interview and for quantitative research developer decided to conduct survey.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 4.1.1 Interview “An

investigation

may

take

six

months.

A

quick

interview,

profile,

a

day”

Interview is the method use to collect information for a group of people or individuals. Before conducting an interview analysts need to select the people related to the system. The interview is generally done face to face but before that it’s important to take permission and arrange a prior appointment. We need to choose a suitable place and time for the interview which is comfortable for the respondent.

During the interview the information collected is quite accurate and reliable as we can clear and cross check the doubts during interview. Conducting an interview also helps to clear the gaps and misunderstanding regarding the problems. The interview is further categorized as structured interview and unstructured interview. The structured interview is the formal interview where definite questioned are asked and discussion is done on specific information whereas unstructured interview is more like a casual conversation where topics beyond the areas are covered. The interview can be conducted for various purposes and with variety of goals in the mind. The successful interview should follow certain steps. 

Introduction



Background of the project



Fact gathering



Verifying the information gathered



Make sure to confirm the information gathered from the interviewee



Clarification

For the data gathering developer selected to conduct an interview. Like other fact finding techniques interview has its own advantages and disadvantages. But according to developer the interviews was best suitable for the scenario as the proposed system was not yet designed before and developer needed an expert’s view and suggestions to develop the system. The advantages and disadvantages of the interview will be discussed further.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 4.1.2 Who to Interview The most important task for developer was to select the interviewee. Before data gathering developer need to choose the appropriate person for an interview. This includes the selecting of interviewees; need to understand what is expected from the person who has to be interviewed at the specific level and need to understand how to verify the information received. Advantages of interviewing 

Allow participant not restricted to the predetermined categories and also use his or her own words



Provides high reliability and accuracy for the information



Allow the evaluator to get into more details and insure that participants understand the questions the way they intended.



Interviewers use their knowledge and interpersonal skills to explore more in details and many new ideas generate.

Disadvantages of interviewing 

Sometime participant say more what they are intended to say.



The interview may be more reactive to personalities and interpersonal dynamics.



Conducting interviews can me more expensive and time consuming as it qualitative interviewing involves significant skill and experience.



Analyzing qualitative interview is much more time-consuming than analyzing quantitative data

4.1.3 Justification for choosing Interview Interviews are conducted face to face with individual or a small group. It is better to have small group or individual for the interview so that everybody gets a chance to contribute. Interview is used for data gathering process although it takes much time for the process but it is very useful as the information gathered is reliable and accurate. During the interview we can focus on the interest or specialized area of the interviewee.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 4.1.4 How the Interview been done The developer designed the questions for the interview and gave them to the interviewee i.e. Mr Y. The interview was recorded for the referencing purposes. It was assured that the information collected will be kept confidential.

4.2 Survey This technique is used when we have to extract the information from number of people. This is done when it is impractical to meet all the people face to face. Adopting this method requires very skilful analysts. The survey questions should be framed in the logical manner. The survey questions should be simple and clear, making sure that user should able to understand properly. This method is very useful for attaining information from the people who are going to use the system. The questionnaire can be email or distributed among the people, this is the cheapest source of fact finding.

4.2.1

Survey Techniques: Relative Advantages and Disadvantages



5 Secondary research 5.0 Methodology 5.1 Waterfall Model In earlier days of software development, the source code was written and then debugged. No formal analysis and design was followed. As written codes and debugging process became problematic when

complex software systems were required. Since these system requirements

should be well understood, which provides a model for development of the system. This model is known as the waterfall model. It is an approach for the development of the system that emphasizes completing of each phase before proceeding to next phase. Sometimes combination of certain phases freezes the development at that point of time. If the change is being identified in the product then a formal process is followed to make changes. The graphical representation of the model is downwards flow as of a waterfall. Each phase includes the documentation and phases below the design phase include software as part of their output. Moving from each phase to another phase is followed by holding a formal review that is attended by supervisors. The review provides by the supervisors helps in project progress. At some critical points in the waterfall model some baselines are established, by the process need to finishes in order to move forward. There are difference between hardware and software that waterfall model does not address. As sometimes hardware & software does not requires no fabrication. If the drawing model is complete the final product exists. Many of the software development methodologies have evolved from attempts to optimize the waterfall model for software. Like software prototyping helps in understanding the requirements of the typical hardware production which understanding is critical for waterfall model.



Advantages of waterfall methodology: 

Easy to implement as it is a linear model



Minimum amount of resources required



Each and every phase is documented well, it is easy for developer to understand the system

Disadvantages of waterfall methodology: 

User cannot go back to the phase and makes changes if they have already completed the phase.



Any changes in the requirement can cause lots of confusion in the project.



Till the final phase is not completed the working model of the project is not ready for the client.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM Comparing the Waterfall Model Description. The waterfall model consists of several phases for the development of system. Before proceeding to each phase need to make sure those requirements for the pervious phase are completed. For comparison of waterfall model to other models, the most important attributes of this model are as follows: 

A formal method.



Uses top-down development



Steps are combined



Each phase includes starting and ending point.

Where to Use the Waterfall Model The waterfall model should be used where the requirements for the system are well defined and understood.

5.2 Incremental Model Description: The incremental model overlaps the sections of waterfall method to compensate the length of waterfall model projects by producing usable functionality earlier. Incremental model is basically used in small projects as it may start the project with some general objectives. As small portion of these objectives are also defined as requirements that are used further in implementation of the projects. But in small complex project use of the general objectives as requirements is uncomfortable for the management to use for the development of the systems because some modules of the project will be completed long before other requirements. Implementing reviews and audit for this type of system will be more difficult, as there can be a tendency to push the difficult requirements to future to demonstrate early success of management.



Incremental Model Where to Use the Incremental Model If developing a whole system at once is too risky, then we consider incremental development model.

5.3 Boehm Spiral Model Description: The spiral model is a process for software development. The spiral sometimes uses the top-down and bottom up technique it can be the combination of waterfall model and prototype. It combines both design phase and prototyping. The incremental model can be viewed as a spiral model because it illustrates one of the strengths of incremental model as the resources remain constant as the system size increases. The size of the spiral corresponds to the size of the system, while the distance between the coils and the spiral indicates resources.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM Steps involved in spiral 

Requirements are defined in detail which also involves the interviewing the users



The important phase in spiral model is creating preliminary design of the system which helps the users and developer to understand the system, this phase also helps in identifying the problems and solutions towards it.



The prototype is constructed from the preliminary design which represents the characteristics of the system



Then evaluating the prototype in terms of weakness, strength and risks.



Coming up with new requirements



Planning and design for second prototype



Implementing and testing the second prototype

Advantages  Estimations are more realistic as most of the requirements are analyzed in details 

It is easier to make changes in the systems as compared to others.

Disadvantages 

limiting re-usability



Requires dedication and information management



Not similar for each type of application



High risk for cost and time

When to Use the Boehm Spiral Model The Bohme model has become very popular with the aerospace and engineering projects. This model is basically use in the defences engineering project as they are very risky in nature. But the business projects are more conservative. But sometime spiral model is applicable for many business projects in which success is not graduate or it may require very much computation like some business uses decision support systems.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM Strengths and weaknesses of the waterfall, incremental, and Boehm Spiral model

5.4 Prototyping Description: Prototyping is the part of the process which helps in building the model of the system. It is included in analysis and system development. This process helps the developer to build a design for a system to know exactly how the system will work. During the requirement and analysis phase there is a need to gather the data required for the system. Prototyping is sometimes intangible but still helps in enhancement of the project. The feedback that is received from the users after developing the physical design of the system can help us in evaluate the 39 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861

FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM response of the users to this system and then manipulation can be done to the system according to the requirements. Prototyping comes in many form it’s not only the physical design but can be the as low as paper sketch to any engineering design tools. Still now also some of the organization uses the paper sketch as the prototyping but some of them uses some computer aided software engineering tools to build a prototype. When to Use Prototyping with the Waterfall As it was mentioned in the description above of Boehm spiral that it may use waterfall which can be very useful in the project when the it is required to demonstrate the technical feasibility and technical risk is very high. It can also be used to better understand the users requirements which can limit resource cost by understanding problem are before utilizing further resources. Advantages of prototyping  It reduces the time in the development 

It reduces the development cost



For the prototyping process it requires user involvement



Helps the developer in future enhancements

Disadvantages of prototyping 

Much analysis not done in prototyping



The expectations for the users are made according to the prototype



Even developers can also be attached to the prototype

Strengths of Prototyping 

Focused on the functionality of the project in early stage



The process involved provides perfect requirement definition



This model also provides risk control.



Documentation focuses on the end product not the evolution of the product.

Weaknesses of Prototyping 

This technique is applicable to existing system rather than new systems 40 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861

FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 

Bad documentation



Sometimes using this technique may produce the system with poor performance.

5.5 Clean room Description: The basic idea to use this technique is to control the cost by detecting bugs as early as possible, when they are less costly to remove. Rather than documenting everything for the software design and requirements it uses off-line review techniques to better understand develop the software before it is executed. In this technique the programmers are not allowed to perform trails and errors while execution of the software, the software should execute successfully firsttime. The testing uses statistical examination to focus on the errors of the software that cause failures. The conclusion is that much time is spent to verify the program as less time is given for designing and coding. The program testing must be done side by side as its much reliable than following traditional life cycle models. When to Use Cleanroom Clean room can be combined with other models like incremental, spiral and waterfall to produce complex systems. This technique provides better results and high quality software instead of direct productivity increases. This technique requires semantic design model, full procedures and unit testing before the product is released in the market. Strengths of Cleanroom 

The errors are recognized in the early stage



Provides high quality software and reliable products

Weaknesses of Cleanroom 

It requires complete user requirements , only after that we can start developing the system



Using this technique may not produce creative products due to disciplined style.



5.6 Object-Oriented Description: The object oriented approach is to focus on real world objects in the software development. It is basically based on the idea that human limitation cannot manage more than seven concepts and single time. Grady Brooch suggests that, “The principles of software engineering can help us decompose systems so that we never simultaneously deal with more than seven entities”. The object oriented also includes object oriented analysis, object oriented design and object oriented programming. Where to Use object – oriented Use Object – oriented in projects where 

It can be used where the functional complexity of the software is lesser concern.



Object oriented techniques can be used for implementing the technology as it also provides adequate tools which are very helpful.



Using object oriented techniques the organization can change its development methods.

Strengths of Object-Oriented: 

There is lower maintenance cost as this technique emboldens a complete solution.



The model states the user's sight of certainty.

Weaknesses of Object-Oriented 

Using object oriented techniques can be difficult for the developers with the structured back ground.



Can be difficult to resolve the complex issues.



5.7 Justification for chosen methodology FWAS is a system that can be implemented in any other universities with minimum requirements. Developer choose waterfall methodology for developing the system because this methodology includes portioning a large system into a manageable smaller ones and organizing the details into an understandable by utilizing a top-down approach. This methodology provides measurable, reviewable and definable product specification. At the end, the process draws on more system personnel resources as well as user involvement. It increases involvement and communication between system and users. It also allows allocation of simpler tasks to junior personnel which mean each and every group member is equally distributed among tasks. A great impact of this methodology is that the total time and cost are greatly reduced, if system developed by this methodology is implemented in the organization. It also includes developing and maintaining the system specification, especially for the outputs. Waterfall facilitates timelines by allowing project planning, management and control all within a single methodology. On the usability side, special emphasis is placed on analyzing user’s requirements. At the same time, the system’s data model is developed and a specification analysis is carried out. All this is done to match the system’s design to the needs of the user. It does not require any special skills and can be taught easily to any team member to embrace the methodology. This translates to speedy implementation and clear communication. The quality of the end product is controlled as the error rate is reduced by defining certain quality benchmarks in the beginning and measuring it constantly against current progress. Productivity is improved by encouraging on-time delivery, meeting business requirements, ensuring better quality, and utilizing human resources effectively. This means a high quality Online E-recruitment System can be deployed within a shorter turnaround time. Finally, Waterfall can be used freely without paying any license fees or royalties to any part.



6 Languages 6.0 ASP.Net ASP.Net is the product of Microsoft. It is the extended version of active server pages; which helps in the web development model that includes basic services required for the developer to develop the web applications. (Sae-Chin, 2002) It can support various languages like VB, C++, C#, J# Jscript. Net frame work does not only limit itself to any one language which is the good about it. It works on the windows environment and also support to the web pages.

6.1 Java It is a programming language used to develop the applications. It is easier to write and develop application using this language as compared to other languages. The limitation of this language is that it limits the developer to use only one language that is java. This language also contains the API which can develop the applications more easily and faster. It is platform independent the programs use java virtual machines for the abstraction and do not access the operating system directly. Level

J2EE

.NET

1. Presentation

Java server pages are used to build tag-

.NET uses ASP.NET for dynamic

oriented dynamic web pages for accessing

HMTL pages. Windows forms are

remote objects. Dynamic pages can also

used for building rich and complex

be built programmatically using servlets.

GUI and web services are used for

Swing is used to build rich interactive

programmatic access to remote

GUI

business logic.

and access

2. Business logic

Enterprise

JavaBeans

hold

the

.NET managed components are

applications business logic- the code that

made for .NET environment and

implements the functionality of the

unlike

system

registered in the registry. COM

COM

queued

components,

components

are

works

asynchronously, e.g. in scenarios where the serve is not online all the time


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 3. Connectivity

Java

database

connectivity

provides

ADO.NET is used for accessing

access to tabular data. Java connector

relational databases and provides

architecture allows J2EE components to

integration with XML. An XML

access different enterprise information

API provided for mapping .NET

systems. JMS is a messaging standard

components to XML protocols

which allows sending and receiving SMS

such as SOAP and WSDL

asynchronously.

4. Runtime

Java runtime engine , which includes the

All.NET applications use single

java virtual machine, core java classes

runtime

and support files

language runtime for all.

engine,

the

common

6.2 PHP Level

ASP.Net

PHP

1. Speed

Like all other .Net application

PHP

asp.net

are

interpreted, to have same effects

compiled which makes it more

like asp.net PHP accelerator

faster than PHP

must be installed on server side

applications

applications

are

which most of companies avoid.

2. More language support

Asp.net is written using object

PHP

oriented

language in compare to other

programming

languages of our choice

is

simple

scripting

.Net applications like VB.Net, C# etc. These languages give more control and reusability.

3. Development environment

4. Part of .Net

Free development environment

This

for Asp.Net id available called

development environments for

web matrix

PHP out of the water.

Using asp.net is very beneficial

PHP has PHP-GTK, but it’s

as it easy to understand and

currently

using asp.net also helps with the

compared to .NET

development

of

blows

all

very

other

free

immature

windows

applications.



6.3 Justification for choosing the programming language For developing fingerprint web authentication system developer have chosen ASP.Net as a programming language to develop the system because more hardware support is available for these languages, many API are available and much research is being done on these programming language ,it also supports trusted platform. As survey was also conducted in June 2002 regarding which programming language will be useful in future. The survey was completed by 633 development managers; the survey showed that .NET had already gained a strong place in the IT industry. It also showed the ratio of projects using .Net to J2EE is 28% to 48.8 %, in future it will increase to 52.2% to 51.8%. Another survey was conducted in October 2002 with 600 developers as it resulted that more people where using .Net rather than Java. The ratio of using .Net to J2EE was 63% to 61%.As keep in mind for future implementation of the system developer decided to choose ASP.Net as a programming language to develop the system.



7 Survey 7.0 Introduction The online survey was conducted among the lecturers and other staff members of the APIIT University. There are more than 150 lecturers available working within the university. The developer needs to design the survey online survey form and email survey forms for the university lecturers and other staff members. The developer conducted this online survey to know the usage of current system and the problems that users faced in the current system. The online survey was conducted with 88 lecturers as there were only 34 respondents for the survey form. The contribution of university lectures and other staff members helped the developer to complete the survey. 7.0.1 Objective The main objective to conduct this survey was to know about the usage of current system and issues faced by the users in the current system. The developer will able to know about the level of authentication required by the users in the current system. From the survey developer will able to know about the usage of biometric technology by the lecturers and staff members of the university. 7.0.2 Survey Design Fingerprint Web Authentication System This survey is carried out as partial fulfillment for the cause of bachelor's degree research. The research is entitled as “Fingerprint Web Authentication System ". Objective of this survey is to collect data from the lectures working in the university and also to know importance of implementing security into university websites. The data is needed to know about the importance, security and usability of biometric systems. The Fingerprint Web Authentication System will authenticate the lecturers using their fingerprint while logging into the university website. This system will help in increase in security on websites as much confidential information is been available. I hereby declare that all your personal information will be kept confidential.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM Kindly Specify your personal Information * Job Title and Work Experience

How often do you use your university websites? * If you answer "Never" please skip the survey else continue Always Sometimes Never

What is the main purpose for using university websites? Frequently used

Seldom

Never

Web-mail Web attendance Web results Library Schedules



What are the major issues you face while login into university website "You can choose multiple options" GUI problem (Hard to understand the interface of the system) Security (Sometimes you forget your password or accounts get compromised) Performance (Delay in time while login) Others please specify

Logging into university websites using only username and passwords, do you think it is secure as username and passwords can be easily acquired / hacked If "Agree" with above statement , please specify your comments Agree with above statement Disagree with above statement

Do you think implementing biometric technology on university websites will increase security “If you answer No then please skip the survey else continue" Yes May be No

What type of functionality do you think will be best for increase in security? Using username and fingerprint Using only fingerprint



Using username, security question and fingerprint

"The system will authenticate the university lecturers or staff members using their fingerprint to login into their university website accounts." Do you require training for using this system? Yes May be No

Please suggest any other technology or system except biometrics to increase in security for websites (Optional)


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 7.0.3 Survey Analysis Question 1 How often do you access university websites? If you answer "Never" please skip the survey else continue  Always  Sometimes  Never Objective The main objective of this question was to know how often lecturers access university websites. From this developer will get an idea about how frequently the current system (university websites) are been accessed by the users. Before developing the system for university developer need to know about the usage of the current system by the users. Actual user response Most of the lecturers always access university website but few of them working as part time lecturers access these website sometimes.

Result Chart & table Question1

No. of

Percentage

response Always

31

91%

Sometimes

3

9%

Never

0

0%

Conclusion of analysis From the above graph and table developer concluded that most of the lectures always use university websites to login into their accounts. But part time university lecturers some time access university website as they are not required to mark attendance or check schedule regularly. So the system that developer will design might be implemented into the university websites which will be used regularly by the university lectures and other staff members. 51 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861


Question 2 What is the main purpose for using university website?

Objective The main objective for this question was to know the purpose of using university websites by the lecturers. From this developer will get an idea about usability and functionality of current system . Actual user response Maximum number of lecturers frequently uses the university websites for web mail, web attendance and schedules as compared to library and web results. Result Chart

Number of users



Number of users

Number of users

Number of users

53 IVNEETof SINGH Number users–TP023861


Question-2

Frequently used

Seldom

Never

Webmail

20

11

2

Web

30

0

2

Web results

6

16

11

Library

11

11

11

Schedules

30

2

1

attendance

Conclusion

From the analysis above developer concluded that maximum lecturer use web space intranet for web-attendance and for checking time schedules. There are some services like web results and library which users do not prefer to use much as compared to other. The analysis above also shows about the usability of the system on regular basis.



Question 3 What are the major issues you face while login into university website  GUI problem (Hard to understand the interface of the system)  Security (Sometimes you forget your password or accounts get compromised)  Performance (Delay in time while logging in)  Others please specify Objective The main objective of this question was to know about issue faced by the lecturers while using university website. From this question developer will get an idea about the issues faced by users so that developer should design such a system which can minimize the issues related to current system Actual user response While using university websites maximum users face issue regarding security (either they forget their passwords or their accounts get compromised) and performance (delay in time). Some lecturer faces GUI problems while using current system as it is hard to understand the interface of the system. Result Chart & table People may select more than one checkbox, so percentages may add up to more than 100%

Question4

No. of

Percentage

response GUI

12

35%

Security

26

76%

Performance

26

76%

Others

3

9%

Conclusion of analysis From the analysis developer concluded that, the system interface should be user friendly so that users can easily access the information. There is an ardent need to implement the system that can minimize the issues regarding university websites. Implementing fingerprint web authentication system will help in minimize the security and performance issues faced by the users. Using this system it will also effect in increase in performance in the current system. The graphical user interface for the system will be designed in a very user friendly layout so that users can easily get access to their information.



Question 4 Logging into university websites using only username and passwords, do you think it is secure as username and passwords can be easily acquired / hacked o Agree with the above statement o Disagree with the above statement

Objective The main objective of the question was to know what users think about login security in current system. The current system only uses username and passwords to login into their accounts. From this developer will get an idea about what users think about current system as it is secure or not to login into their accounts. Actual user response Maximum number of users disagrees with the statement as they think that it is not secure to login into the accounts using only username and passwords as they can be easily acquired. Result Chart & table Logging into university websites using only username and passwords, do you think it is secure as username and passwords can be easily acquired / hacked Disagree (21)

Question4

No. of

Percentage

response

Agree (13)

Agree

13

38%

Disagree

21

62%

Conclusion of analysis From the above analysis developer concluded that most of the users are not satisfied by the current system login functionality as it only uses username and password the users thinks that level of authentication while logging is not strong. So, yes there is a need of a system which should be highly secure. The security can be implemented to the university website by using fingerprint web authentication system which will increase the level of authentication for the user using university websites for logging into their accounts.



Question 5 Do you think implementing biometric technology on university websites will increase security?  Yes  May be  No

Objective The main objective of this question was to understand what user thinks about implementing the biometric technology for increase in security to university websites

Actual user response Most of users think that implementing biometric technology will help in increase in security of the university websites. As now these days information security is becoming an issue. Result Chart & table Do you think implementing biometric technology on university websites will increase security? Question4

No. of

Percentage

response Yes

24

71%

May be

10

29%

No

0

0%

Conclusion of analysis From the analysis developer concluded implementing biometric technology will help in increase in security. And more even using fingerprint technology also helps the users to have fast and accurate access to the system.



Question 6 What type of functionality do you think will be best for increase in security?  Using username and fingerprint  Using only fingerprint  Using username , security question and fingerprint Objective Before developing the system the developer should know about which level of security should be implemented for login into the current system. From this question developer will also understand about what are the user’s requirements for login into the current system.

Actual user response There was not much variation between the user’s response options but as most of the user suggested to implement the username, fingerprint and security question for login functionality of the system.

Question6

What type of functionality do you think will be best for increase in security?

No. of

Percentage

response Username &

13

38%

11

32%

10

29%

finger print Only Fingerprint Username , fingerprint & security question

Conclusion of analysis From the above analysis developer concluded that for login into the current system username and fingerprint will be much better as it will easy to use and users need not spend much time on login page by entering their details. But for the secondary login developer will implement username, password and security question. 58 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861


Question 7 "The system will authenticate the university lecturers or staff members using their fingerprint to login into their university website accounts."  Yes Do you require training for using this system?  May be  No Objective The main objective of the question was to know about the requirement for the new system for the users. From this question developer will able to know whether the users need some sort of training or user manual for the new system or not.

Actual user response Not much variation was found in user’s response as most of the users require training for the usage of new system.

Result Chart & table "The system will authenticate the university lecturers or staff members using their fingerprint to login into their university website accounts." Do you require training or user manual for using this system?

Question4

No. of

Percentage

response Yes

10

29%

May be

9

26%

No

12

35%

Conclusion of analysis According to the analysis of users response developer decided to design a user manual for the new system. If further assistance is required by the users then developer might conduct training program for the users.



Question 8 Please suggest any other technology or system except biometrics to increase in security for websites Objective From this question developer will be able to know about the other technologies used for increase in website security and will also be able to compare the security potential among the other technologies with the fingerprint web authentication system Actual user response The level of authentication is very good. TAC Number (like the ones used by banks), Questions that only the user know the answer, Security Devices that generate a security number (used by HSBC), digital signatures, third party verification You can also have an add-on for the passwords to login into the websites. The cost/benefit ratio and need for deployment of fingerprint readers for login needs to be considered very carefully. Alternatives approaches can be explored such as one-time pin via SMS for really critical applications may be a simpler option. Image-based password, one-time password Conclusion of analysis From the users response and comments developer concluded that the level of authentication used in the system is good and to increase the security potential the secondary login can have the virtual keyboard or SMS pin sending technique which is widely used in most of the banking websites.

Conclusion from survey From the survey analysis developer concluded that the maximum number of users are familiar with biometric technology. The usage of the current system is very high and users always use the system, so the proposed system might be implemented to the current system which will provide them better security. The proposed system will also minimize the performance and security issues faced by the users.

As the target users are university lecturers and staff

members, training and user manual will be provided for the new system.



7.1 Interview 7.1.1 Introduction The interview was successfully conducted with project manager of CTI Group Malaysia. The interview was conducted on 19th April 2011 at 10:00 AM. The developer had pre planned the interview session with the project manager. The interview was recorded for the documentation purpose and developer had designed questions for the interview. The interviewee had tremendous experience for more than 14 years in Information in IT industry and also had done some of the project related to biometric technology. The developer chose the project manager for CTI Group because the current system running in the university was developed by the CTI group and interviewee was the project manager for the system that has been implemented in the university. So much information can be gathered regarding the current system which will be helpful for the developer to analyse the current system. 7.1.2 Objective The main objective to conduct the interview was to gather detailed information about the current system. From the interview developer will able to know about which programming language and methodology should be suitable for the development of biometric fingerprint system. The interview was conducted focusing on technical aspects of the current and proposed system.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 7.1.3 Interview Analysis The conversation before recording is mentioned in Appendix C Question 1 Kindly Specify your Job Title and work experience

Interviewer Intervieweeresponse Response The interviewer is currently working as Project Manager in CTI group. The interviewer has more than 14 years of experience in IT related projects. The interviewer also worked in overseas related to the information security systems. Question 2 Have you worked on any project related to websites like web-space or intranet APIIT

Interviewee response Response Interviewer Yes, currently also we are weworking are working on new on aversion new version of web-space of web-space with better with GUI betterand GUI using and https for using https increase for increase in security. in security. It willItbewill very soon soon beused usedby byAPIIT APIITUniversity; University;even evenwe we have developed a training program for the lecturers and university staff members regarding new web-space

Question 3

As my system is based on fingerprint web authentication system, do you think that this system will enhance security and performance as compared to other technologies?

Interviewee response Response Interviewer Yes, it can be a further step taken forward towards the security, as it can avoid the sniffer tools and key-loggers. Yes, it is a solution to the current problems faced by the internet users but as we focus on using this system overseas it can be problem using this system as might possible that I do not use my notebook62to login into this system.

IVNEET SINGH –TP023861


Question 4 Is there any other technology that can be used as solution for current problems in the current system?

Interviewee response Yes, we can implement the SMS gateway that can send SMS to the lectures every time they need to login into their accounts. But as this technology will be very expensive, we cannot think to implement such a system for the university websites. Question 5 Have you done any projects based on biometric technology used by websites?

Interviewee response No, I did not use biometric technology on websites but Yes, I did work on biometric projects. The project was designed for the government of Iraq which was regarding voting system. As a part of team member we need to develop the system using C and C++ languages as by that time C# was not used widely and was also having some bugs.

Question 6

As your system was based on biometric fingerprint technology, can that system be implemented as online voting system?

Interviewer response Yes, but they need to design the entire system again for E-Voting systems. The database can remain the same as the user for E-voting system will be same.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM Question 7

Which programming language should be used for the designing the biometric web based system?

Interviewee response Selecting a programming language does not matter a lot because the functionality of the system will remain the same. As you are working on web based technology I would prefer using dot net language like Asp.net for the web designing. You can use MS SQL database for the designing the database. Using .net programming also limits you to Microsoft windows based but if you are using java language it can work on any platform. But using Asp.net is still better as java language it is more difficult to design the web based system as compared to Asp.net. Question 8 As my system will using biometric finger print technology, which type of database should be used for the web based biometric system

Interviewee response Selecting a database for the system also depends upon the device like if you scan the fingerprint, it will convert it into the image format. You need to check the compatibility of the biometric fingerprint device. I would prefer using MS-SQL because as your system is web based MS-SQL provides much functionality as compared to MS-Access. You can also use MS-Access but the functionality will be limited to the system.



Question 9

Which methodology do you follow in the IT projects?

Interviewee response “I would suggest you to use waterfall methodology for your system because using this methodology the process in the project will be well organized without finishing the first step you cannot move to the next step. E.g: Our team was assigned to the develop a system for accounts for APIIT but before the clients requirements were defined we started the project , as the clients requirements does not match , we need to go back and start the project again which causes wastage of time , money and resources. Using waterfall methodology we process the project in a well-organized or structured manner. Most of IT project use CMMI level 3 or level 5, this requires lots of documentations which also include 41 pages of forms. It takes lots of time and resources to start and project using CMMI, as per my experience each and every project by the end comes to the waterfall methodology as they need to think again in the well-structured way to complete the project within the given time frame.”

Conclusion for interview The interview was successfully conducted with the project manager of CTI Group. As per the expert views and advice regarding my system the developer will choose ASP.Net as a programming language for developing the system because as this system is web based and using this programming language it will be better to develop the system and also provides much functionality as compared to other programming languages. The developer will use MS-SQL database for the system as it is also compatible with the hardware biometric device and using this database will be much better as compared to MS-Access. For the project, developer will choose waterfall methodology as this methodology also is well structured in each and every stage and before completing previous stage the process cannot move further.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM Overall Conclusion for primary research As per the primary research developer had great experience in questionnaires and survey. Developer had the opportunity to learn more about the biometrics and is now clear with the requirements of the system. As part of interview, developer decided to work on biometrics live fingerprint device for the project. Developer will have a clear idea about the programming language used, storing data in the database and fetching information from the biometric devices. Developer needs to work on the software development kit (SDK) that comes with the devices itself. The SDK will help the developer in development and functionality of the system. From the survey developer concluded that there is less security provide in the current system and some of the users sometimes face problems in the current system. For implementing the new system the developer will look forwards towards the performance of the system. For further assistance of the users developer might provide a user manual for the proposed system.



8 Design 8.0 Design Principles Visibility: The design should consist of all system functionality and tasks available. The design should be visible to users without distracting them with unnecessary information. Good design should not provide users with many different alternatives neither confuse them with the given functionality. The visibility of the design is possible when you know how to operate the system or device. The visibility of the design shows the inner and outer functionality of the working system. The functions should be clear and should also able to differentiate between other functions available in the system. The visibility depends upon the human behavior like on a video or a web it is easy to achieve visibility. Feedback: The design should able to keep users up-to-date about the actions and explanation, design should also mention about the change is conditions and bugs that deal with functionality of the system. In system if there is any error the feedback should be given to the users. Feedback is very important part of design principles. The design should able to shows the users about the operations in the system:  How is user going to input in the system  What is user going to input in the system. Consistency: For the system we need to follow certain standards for developing the product, also need to make sure about the actions and command performed within the application. In some consequences like similar situations consistent sequence of actions are required. In design also the developer needs to focus on color, layout design, fonts and figures. Exception, like no duplication of passwords and when delete any user should perform the double check function to delete.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM Constraint: It is a property of object to use the system is limited number of ways. It also helps the user to minimize the possibility of making errors. The designer needs to make sure that users should not make errors while using the system. The interface of the system should be easily accessible and clear to the users. When the interface of the system is consistent the users will able to learn faster and comfortable with the system very quickly. Maintaining consistency in the system includes:  The layout of screen  The navigational functions  The graphic designs  The use of images  Mechanism of the system  Consistent design



8.1 Diagrams 8.1.1 Context Level Diagram Authenticate and Process Services

Users

Login

APIIT INRANET

Login

Admin

Authenticate and Process Services

8.1.2 0 Level Diagrams Admin

User

Logins Logins

Login System

Search

Database Availability

Process Service

Provides

Process Service


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 8.1.3 1 level Diagram User

Admin

Logins

Username / fingerprint

Logins Username / fingerprint / security answer

Logins

Logins

Search

Database

User services

Admin Services


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 8.1.4 2 Level Diagram User

Admin

Login

Username / fingerprint

Login

Username / fingerprint / security answer

Login

Login

Search

Database

Staff Services

Administrator Services

Academic Operations

Register New user

Academic administration

Search user

Web and Email

Delete user



8.2 Inner System Functionality 8.2.1 Context level Diagram 8.2.2 Initial class diagram

Process Report Administrator

Authentication Report Users

Error Messages

Fingerprint Reorganization

Delete Database Logins

Web Fingerprint System

Logins

Fingerprint Reorganization

8.2.3 Final class diagram

Feature extraction

Enroll Fingerprint

Verification

Identification

Matching



8.2.4 Administrator ELH

Administrator

Administrator Profile

Add new Staff

Search existing Staff

Delete existing Staff

* Do Fingerprint Recognition

0 Database information

0 Delete Database


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 8.2.5 User ELH

User

Profile Registration

Profile Deletion

* User Profile

Do Fingerprint Recognition

View Services



9 Implementation Website Home Page

Description: Coding:

The page illustrate above is home page for the website which contains login button. Menu bar which contains Home , About us and Contact us
Welcome to the WEBSPACE-intranet


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM About Page

Description:

The page illustrated above tells about university employability , technology , innovation , professional and fun

Coding:

About Us


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM Login Page Username: This field should not be emptyResult Chart & table Finger pattern: Enroll fingerprint image from database Cancel: This button will cancel the current operation

If username and fingerprint is not null then login into system

Description:

The image illustrated above shows the APIIT Intranet login system. The user needs to enter the username and fingerprint image to login into the system

Coding:

Dim U1 As Char Dim connection As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection

connection.ConnectionString = ("Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=C:\Users\Ivneet\Desktop\Ivneet_Singh _FYP_Final_Version1.1.2\App_Data\FingerprintDatabase.mdf;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;User Instance=True") Dim command As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand command.CommandText = ("SELECT Username,Fingerprint FROM FingerprintDetailsTable WHERE Username = '" & TextBox1.Text & "'AND Fingerprint = '" & FileUpload1.FileName & "'") command.Connection = connection connection.Open() Dim reader As SqlDataReader = command.ExecuteReader() If reader.Read = True Then U1 = TextBox1.Text Server.Transfer("StaffPage.aspx") ElseIf TextBox1.Text = "admin" And FileUpload1.FileName = "110_4.tif" Then Server.Transfer("AdminPage.aspx") Else MsgBox("Access Denied ,Try Again!") TextBox1.Text = "" End If



Secondary Login Page

Username: This field should not be empty Password: This field should not be empty Security question: From dropdown list user need to select the question Security: This field should not be empty If username, password and security Admin Loginanswer is not null then login into system

If username and fingerprint is not null then login into system



Description: The image illustrative above shows the services provided to the administrator for adding new staff , search for staff and delete the staff
Runat="Server">
welcome admin
p:Menu>


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM Add new Staff

User needs to enter their name Users need to enter their password for registration Users need to choose any security question for login

Adding fingerprint image to a database for new user

To add a new user into the database, press this button

For the chosen security question user needs to mention the answer in this field

Description:

The image illustrated above shows the fields required to register new staff into the APIIT intranet system. The administrator will have the rights to register new staff into the database.

Coding:

Dim myconn1 As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection myconn1.ConnectionString = ("Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=C:\Users\Ivneet\Desktop\Ivneet_Singh _FYP_Final_Version1.1.2\App_Data\FingerprintDatabase.mdf;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;User Instance=True") Dim scomma1 As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand scomma1.Connection = myconn1 scomma1.CommandText = ("INSERT INTO FingerprintDetailsTable(Username, Password, SecurityQuestion, SecurityAnswer,Fingerprint) VALUES('" & TextBox1.Text & "','" & TextBox2.Text & "','" & DropDownList2.Text & "','" & TextBox4.Text & "','" & FileUpload1.FileName & "') ") myconn1.Open() Dim sdr1 As SqlDataReader = scomma1.ExecuteReader If True Then MsgBox("Saved in Database") Else MsgBox("Access Denied ,Try Again!") End If


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM Search Staff

This button will navigate admin back to service page

This button will search for staff in the database

Description: Coding:

The image illustrated above search already registered staff details from the database Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\FingerprintDatabas e.mdf;Integrated Security=True;User Instance=True Search from fingerprint_table where username= ” ” If true then search result else display=”no match found”



Delete Staff

This button will navigate admin back to service page This button will search for staff in the database

This button will delete the staff from database Description:

The image illustrated above is to delete the already registered staff from the database.

Coding:

Dim myconn1 As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection myconn1.ConnectionString = ("Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=C:\Users\Ivneet\Desktop\Ivneet_Singh_F YP_Final_Version1.1.2\App_Data\FingerprintDatabase.mdf;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;User Instance=True") Dim scomma1 As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand scomma1.Connection = myconn1 scomma1.CommandText = ("DELETE FROM FingerprintDetailsTable WHERE Username = '" & TextBox1.Text & "'") myconn1.Open() Dim sdr1 As SqlDataReader = scomma1.ExecuteReader MsgBox("Deleted From Database")



Staff Services Page

Description: The image illustrated above shows the services provided to staff in APIIT Intranet
Welcome Staf ;



10 Testing 10.0 Unit testing: 10.0.1 Test case: Username Function

Task

Condition

Expected Result

Actual Result

Comments

Username

Enter username for

Open login

The application

The application

Username was

Login

login into the system system and

should able to

allowed user to

successfully

enter

open the login

type username

entered with no

username

system by clicking

in the textbox

errors

login button on

available in

homepage and

login system.

then user enters username in the system Enter username and cancel

The application

The application

If the users enters

should able to

navigated to

the username and

navigate back to

website home

press cancel

website home

page.

button then it

page.

should navigate the users to home page.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 10.0.2 Test case: Loading image Function

Task

Condition

Expected Result

Actual Result

Comments

Upload /

Click on browse

Browse the

The application

The application

Image was

browse

Image button

image , select

should be able to

should allow

uploaded

and open

browse the image

browse , select

successfully with

from a new

and open the

no errors.

window and select

image

image

the image from fingerprint database located in the hard drive. Browse, select image and cancel

The application

The application

If the users enters

should be able to

navigated to

the username and

navigate back to

website home

selects the image

website home page.

page.

and press cancel button then it should navigate the users to home page.

Select anything other than

The application

As expected

If the user select

fingerprint image for example any

should display an

The system

any other format

document

error message box

displays an error

except than .if the

message box

system displays

or music/video

an error message box .



10.1 Unit testing: 10.1.1 Test case: Username and fingerprint image Function

Task

Condition

Expected Result

Actual Result

Comments

Login

Enter username and

Open login

The application

The application

Username and

fingerprint to login

system and

should be able to

should accept

fingerprint image

into the system

enter

open the login

the username

was successfully

username

page by clicking

and fingerprint

entered with no

and upload

login button

image and then

errors

fingerprint

available on

look for a match

homepage and

in database.

then user enters username and uploads the fingerprint image in the system Enter username and fingerprint ;

The application

The application

If the users enters

press cancel

should be able to

navigated to

the username and

navigate back to

website home

uploads

website home

page.

fingerprint image

page.

press cancel button then it should navigate the users to home page.

Enter wrong username and

The application

The application

Wrong username

fingerprint image

should detect the

detected the

and fingerprint

invalid user and

invalid user and

image was

prompt the

prompt the

uploaded to login

message box

message box

into the website,

“Access deny, try

“Access deny,

Message box

again!”

try again!”

appeared “Access deny, try again!”


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 10.1.2 Test case: Adding new staff to database (For Administrator) Task

Condition

Expected Result

Actual Result

Comments

Click on

Add username ,

A display box

As expected

The register

Add new

password ,

should prompt

A display message

function for adding

staff to

security answer

saying “Saved to

box appears

new staff is working

register new

and fingerprint

database”

describing the

properly with no

staff in the

image into a

success adding new

errors

database

valid class

users to database

number of

and also displaying

database

in the table.

While registering

If user enters

the new staff if staff

username or

Display box

enters the username

uploads fingerprint

If enters the

appears “user

and uploads the

image twice into the

same details

already exists”.

fingerprint that

database it will

that already

already exists in

shows message box

exists in

database it will

with user already

database

display a message

exists.

that user already exists.

Enter invalid

An error message

As expected

If the user selects

char for

should display

When the user enters any special

username

anything except

character or symbol

example any

character or integer

for username the

special

the system should

system generates an

character like (!

displays error

error message.

@,$,etc.)

message box.



Without

An error message

As expected an error

If the user doesn’t

uploading

should be

message box

select any image

image to

displayed fill all

appeared that says

and press - add to

register new

details for new

fill all details for

database button

staff and press

staff registration.

new staff

error box is

registration.

displayed which

Add to database

says fill all details

Button.

for new staff registration.

10.1.3 Test case: Search staff in database Task

Condition

Expected Result

Actual Result

Comments

Click on

If database

If staff exists the

As expected

If the administrator

search staff

exists

search button will

Staff username was

of the system wants

display the staff

entered for search, if

to know the

details

staff exists in

information of the

database display

staff in database

details.

then this button will

button

be pressed which will show staff details. If administrator of If database

Nothing will be

As expected an

the system want to

does not

displayed

No information will

know that if staff

be displayed

username is

exist

available in database or no, by clicking on search information will be retrieved.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 10.1.4 Test case: Delete staff from database Task

Condition

Expected Result

Actual Result

Comments

Click on

If staff is

If staff exists the

As expected

If the administrator

delete staff

available in

search button will

Staff username was

of the system wants

button

database

display the staff

entered for search, if

to delete the

details and then

staff exists in

information of the

administrator can

database display

staff in database

delete the staff.

details and

then this button will

administrator deletes

be pressed which

the staff from

will delete staff

database.

details.

If staff is

Nothing will be

As expected an

If administrator of

not

displayed on search

No information will

the system wants to

available in

be displayed on

delete the staff

database.

search and delete

available in database clicking on delete will delete the staff from database.

10.1.5 Test case: Troubleshooting login (Secondary login) Task

Condition

Expected Result

Actual Result

Comments

Click on

If users do not

Enter username ,

As expected

The login using

Troubleshooting

want to use

password , security

Staff username,

username, password

Login

secondary

answer to login into

password and

and security answer

login system

the webspace

security answers

was successful.

or fingerprint

account

were entered for

does not work

login.



10.1.6 Test case: Fingerprint matching Task

Condition

Expected

Actual Result

Comments

Result

Click on

Without

An error

An error message box

To do login fingerprint

login Button

selecting an

message box

appears displays that

image has to be selected

iris image

should appear

–“Access denied”

and then the login button should be pressed so that system can match it from the database and login into the system.

Select an

An error

As expected

If the user selects any

fingerprint

message box

An error message box

fingerprint image for

image but

should appear

“Access Denied” was

login but database is

displayed

empty then the system

database is empty

will not perform the matching from the database.

Select a

A result

As expected

If any fingerprint image

fingerprint

should be

The login should be

is selected of a user and

image to do

displayed

successful if there is

that users image is

login into the

matching between

already stored to

system.

fingerprint and

database then the

username.

matching result will be displayed.



10.2 Integration testing


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 10.2.1 Requirements Testing:



10.3 System testing 10.3.1 Stress Testing



11 Critical Evaluation 11.0 Degree of success

Analysing degree of success for this project was not an easy task as it will be partial to compare the products which are already available in the market with this project. The success criteria are measured by the objective and deliverables of the proposed system. The development of the project developer needs to fulfil the basic requirements of the system and should able to deliver it with full working functionality. Developer was able to complete most of the objectives mentioned in the project. This project itself was challenging tasks for the developer to develop fingerprint web based authentication system. This type of web system has not yet been implemented on any of the websites. Still the research is going on developing the web based fingerprint application. Although lots of work is been done on biometric technology but still implementing biometric technology fingerprint has been still a part of research. Developer also faced some problems in research as the articles and journals were limited and some of the journals and articles require paid access. According to the analysis of the system the success rate of the project was good but security potential was not much high as name based matching was done for authentication of the fingerprint images. 11.0.1 Limitations of the system The system developed is only capable to match from one database only. This system is not using any biometric device for scanning fingerprint image. A dummy database was downloaded for fingerprint match. The feature extraction functionality was not possible without fingerprint device and SDK. The system has less security potential as it is using name base fingerprint matching. The fingerprint image only with format .tif can be added to database system. The further functionality of the website functions like web attendance and web results were not created as this system was just a prototype and the main objective was to develop login system.


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 11.0.2 Future enhancement 1. Implementing the enrolment and feature extraction for the fingerprint detection with device. 2. Using the hardware for fingerprint scan like biometric fingerprint reader. 3. Full functionality of the website working with the fingerprint login system. 4. Increase in the performance of the system with implementing more advance algorithms. 5. Detecting the variations of the fingerprint according to pressure, arch, cuts and dust. 6. Implementing the encryption algorithm for the image conversation.

11.0.3 Main computational challenge Main challenge for the developer was to understand the functionality of the fingerprint matching and techniques applied for the feature extraction from the image. The feature extraction process involves very complicated process and lots of research required to understand the functionality of the fingerprint system. The main objective was to provide internet security to the users hence implementing this new system will be helpful improving internet security. Implementing web based biometric technology was very difficult task for the developer because it requires running a desktop based application on the web page. Developer would require to purchase the Bio-plugin and Active x pro for development of the web based biometric technology which price very high. So, developer decided to make a prototype of the system without using hardware with name based pattern image matching for the system.



12 References a) Green, Nathan A. Green, 2005. ESTABLISHING PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN THE VIABILITY OF FINGERPRINT BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY. ESTABLISHING PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN THE VIABILITY OF FINGERPRINT BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY, [Online]. 31, 183. Available at: http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd919.pdf [Accessed 16 December 2010].

b) Jain, Anil, 2001. Personal Identification . Biometric Society, [Online]. 5, 20. Available at:http://81.70.242.211/eab/manual/Publisher/Kluwer%20www.kluweronline.com/biom etrics%20personal%20identification%20in%20networked%20society%2097807923834 51%2026558%20c20070107%20%5B422%5D.pdf[Accessed 17 December 2010]

c) Kolodg, Charles , 2001. Biometrics: You Are Your Own Key. Biometrics: You Are Your Own Key, [Online]. 1, 4. Available at: http://citm.utdallas.edu/research/Publications/white_papers_source/Biometrics.pdf [A ccessed 16 December 2010] d) W. Lewi, Josep, 2002. Biometrics for Secure Identity . Trends and Developments, [Online]. 13, 26. Available at: http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~meinkej/inss690/lewis.pdf [Accessed 17 December 2010] e) O’GORMA, LAWRENC, 2003. Comparing Passwords, Tokens, and Biometrics for User Authentication, [Online]. 3, 20. Available at: http://isis.poly.edu/~kurt/01246384.pdf [Accessed 17 December 2010] f) T. Eskridg, Ellise , 2003. BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY. TECHNOLOGY, [Online]. Types of Biometric Technologie, 20. Available at: http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~sdean/ProfPaps/Bowie/S09/Eskridge.pdf[Accessed 18 December 2010]. g) Eyenetwatch. 2005. Bio Web-Server. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.eyenetwatch.com/Biowebserver/fingerprint_authentication.htm. [Accessed 30 December 10] 96 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861


h) K. Jain, Anil, 2006. Fingerprint. Matching, [Online]. 38, 44. Available at:http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/Fingerprint/JainFpMatching_IEEEComp1 0.pdf [Accessed 02 January 2011] i) Technology, National Science , 2006. Fingerprint . Matching, [Online]. 3, 13. Available at: http://www.biometrics.gov/Documents/fingerprintrec.pdf [Accessed 05 January 2011].

j) tech, Fingertech, 2009. FINGERPRINT. TECHNOLOGY WHITE PAPER, [Online]. 1-9, 9. Available at: http://www.biometrics.gov/Documents/fingerprintrec.pdf [Accessed 08 January 2011].

k) . 2011. . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/Partners/Perinatal/PDFs/Guide%20to%20Life%20Appendi x%20C.pdf. [Accessed 18 January 2011]. l) Sorensen, Reed , 1995. Software Development. A Comparison of Software Development Methodologies, [Online]. 1-14, 14. Available at: http://ece.arizona.edu/~ece473/readings/2Comparison%20of%20Software%20Development%20Methodologies.doc [Accessed 20 January 2011]. m) Debate – .NET V. PHP: Top 6 Reasons to Use .NET Article » SitePoint. 2011. Debate – .NET V. PHP: Top 6 Reasons to Use .NET Article » SitePoint. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.sitepoint.com/v-php-top-6-reasons-use-net/. [Accessed 05 Feburary 2011].

n) Stan Z. Li, Anil K. Jain, 2009. "Encyclopedia of Biometrics". 2nd ed. ISBN: 0387730028 : Springer. o) Newman, Robert , 2010. Security and Access Control Using Biometric Technologies. 2nd ed. ISBN-10: 1435496671: Delmar Learning.



13 Appendix A Coding Add function Dim myconn1 As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection myconn1.ConnectionString = ("Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=C:\Users\Ivneet\Desktop\Ivneet_Singh_FYP_Final_Versi on1.1.2\App_Data\FingerprintDatabase.mdf;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;User Instance=True") Dim scomma1 As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand scomma1.Connection = myconn1 scomma1.CommandText = ("INSERT INTO FingerprintDetailsTable(Username, Password, SecurityQuestion, SecurityAnswer,Fingerprint) VALUES('" & TextBox1.Text & "','" & TextBox2.Text & "','" & DropDownList2.Text & "','" & TextBox4.Text & "','" & FileUpload1.FileName & "') ") myconn1.Open() Dim sdr1 As SqlDataReader = scomma1.ExecuteReader If True Then MsgBox("Saved in Database") Else MsgBox("Access Denied ,Try Again!")

End If

Search function Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|\FingerprintDatabase.mdf;Integrate d Security=True;User Instance=True Search from fingerprint_table where username= ” ” If true then search result else display=”no match found”

Delete function Dim myconn1 As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection myconn1.ConnectionString = ("Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=C:\Users\Ivneet\Desktop\Ivneet_Singh_FYP_Final_Versi


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM on1.1.2\App_Data\FingerprintDatabase.mdf;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;User Instance=True") Dim scomma1 As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand scomma1.Connection = myconn1 scomma1.CommandText = ("DELETE FROM FingerprintDetailsTable WHERE Username = '" & TextBox1.Text & "'") myconn1.Open() Dim sdr1 As SqlDataReader = scomma1.ExecuteReader MsgBox("Deleted From Database")

Login function Dim U1 As Char Dim connection As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection connection.ConnectionString = ("Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=C:\Users\Ivneet\Desktop\Ivneet_Singh_FYP_Final_Versi on1.1.2\App_Data\FingerprintDatabase.mdf;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;User Instance=True") Dim command As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand command.CommandText = ("SELECT Username,Fingerprint FROM FingerprintDetailsTable WHERE Username = '" & TextBox1.Text & "'AND Fingerprint = '" & FileUpload1.FileName & "'") command.Connection = connection connection.Open() Dim reader As SqlDataReader = command.ExecuteReader() If reader.Read = True Then U1 = TextBox1.Text Server.Transfer("StaffPage.aspx") ElseIf TextBox1.Text = "admin" And FileUpload1.FileName = "110_4.tif" Then Server.Transfer("AdminPage.aspx") Else MsgBox("Access Denied ,Try Again!") TextBox1.Text = "" End If



14 Appendix B 14.0 Gantt chart #

Tasks

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Introduction to Study Background to the Project Problem Finding Literature Review Primary Research Secondary Research Analysis Design Implementation Testing Critical Evaluation Conclusion

Days

Start

Finish

%

3 3 11 10 18 15 21 12 7 5 2 1

11/22/2010 11/25/2010 11/30/2010 12/16/2010 12/30/2010 1/25/2011 5/4/2011 6/3/2011 6/21/2011 6/24/2011 7/1/2011 7/4/2011

11/24/2010 11/29/2010 12/14/2010 12/29/2010 1/24/2011 2/14/2011 6/1/2011 6/20/2011 6/29/2011 6/30/2011 7/4/2011 7/4/2011

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cost Assignments $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00



15 Appendix C 15.0 Survey Design Fingerprint Web Authentication System This survey is carried out as partial fulfilment for the cause of bachelor's degree research. The research is entitled as “Fingerprint Web Authentication System ". Objective of this survey is to collect data from the lectures working in the university and also to know importance of implementing security into university websites. The data is needed to know about the importance, security and usability of biometric systems. The Fingerprint Web Authentication System will authenticate the lecturers using their fingerprint while logging into the university website. This system will help in increase in security on websites as much confidential information is been available. I hereby declare that all your personal information will be kept confidential.

Kindly Specify your personal Information * Job Title and Work Experience

How often do you use your university websites? * If you answer "Never" please skip the survey else continue Always Sometimes Never



What is the main purpose for using university websites? Frequently Seldom used

Never

Web-mail Web attendance Web results Library Schedules

What are the major issues you face while login into university website "You can choose multiple options" GUI problem (Hard to understand the interface of the system) Security (Sometimes you forget your password or accounts get compromised) Performance (Delay in time while login) Others please specify

Logging into university websites using only username and passwords, do you think it is secure as username and passwords can be easily acquired / hacked If "Agree" with above statement , please specify your comments Agree with above statement Disagree with above statement



Do you think implementing biometric technology on university websites will increase security “If you answer No then please skip the survey else continue" Yes May be No What type of functionality do you think will be best for increase in security? Using username and fingerprint Using only fingerprint Using username, security question and fingerprint

"The system will authenticate the university lecturers or staff members using their fingerprint to login into their university website accounts." Do you require training for using this system? Yes May be No Please suggest any other technology or system except biometrics to increase in security for websites (Optional)



15.1 Online Survey Analysis







15.2 Interview Date: 19th April 2011

Time: 10:00 AM – 10:45 AM

Interviewee: (Project Manager CTI Group)

Location: CTI Group

Y: interviewee

K: Interviewer

K: Good Morning! Mr. Sir! My name is Ivneet Singh Y: Good Morning! You can call me Reza! K: Ok, Mr. Reza! First, I would like to thank you for allowing me to conduct interview Y: You are most welcome! Y: Would you like to have some coffee or tea! K: No, Thanks a lot sir Y: Hope you don’t mind if one of my employee wants to join! K: No sir, in fact it will be a great idea Y: ok! K: Sir! Can I record our interview conversation for my documentation purpose? Y: yes sure! But is it really necessary K: It will be very helpful for me for further documentation in my project “The rest of the detailed conversation is being recorded and documented in analysis part.”



16 Appendix D 16.0 Project Specification Form Project Specification Form (PSF) Name

: Ivneet Singh

Student ID

: TP023861

Title

:

Supervisor

: Indah Nadialenny Binti Mohd Ismail

Next Generation Web-Authentication System By Emerging Biometric Technology

A. Title: Next Generation Web-Authentication System By Emerging Biometric Technology

B.

Brief description on project background. (.i.e. problem context, rationale, description of problem area, nature of challenge) Now day’s internet is being used widely, and online users are increasing rapidly. Through internet people do things like banking, shopping, communications, manage their business and other confidential data is also being transfer through internet. Current problems: 1. Internet accounts get compromised (Hacking of accounts like email accounts , social networking accounts , banking accounts). 2. Frauds happening all around the internet. 3. Sometimes users forget their account user-name or passwords. 4. Not able to authenticate genuine user 5. Hackers mostly use sniffer tools on the network to hack into someone’s account and get their personal information. There are many tools available that can track your activity that you are performing on PC or laptop while you are working, it can even store the keystrokes like which keys you are using while entering your user-name and password. Current solution in market: 1. Companies comes up with sign-in seals on their account to verify the user. 2. Some banks sends SMS with password every time you want to login in your account. 3. To prevent key loggers some people use anti-virus and firewalls but some key loggers are not detected by anti-viruses and firewalls. Developer might come up with a new solution that might help internet users to be safe, so that they can use internet safely and can perform several operations on internet like banking (money transfer), shopping (buy and sell products) etc. Developer might face big challenges to build up such an application which will authenticate online user on website using biometric technology. User will be recognizing on their thumb impression, they need not to login or remember their 108 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861

FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM username and password every time they login. They just need thumb impression to be recognized and authenticated. This is business oriented project that can help the companies and domestic users to be safe on internet world. This system will be one step ahead for improving the security problem in the current system as the system might authenticate the user using biometric technology. The developer might develop a dummy data for the biometric database which might consists the biometric details of the users that are thumb prints.

C.

Brief description of project objectives. (i.e. scope of proposal and deliverables) The Motto of the project is: "Providing Internet Security " The scope of the project is to design and develop a biometric authentication system in order to eliminate the current problems related to internet security. The aim of the project is to develop a biometric authentication system. The objectives of the project are: 1. To improve security for internet users using thumb recognizing. 2. To prevent the happening of fraudulent activities such as hacking of accounts passwords and misuse them 3. To obtain fast and accurate authentication results that is cost effective. Proposed system: This system will be prototypical implementation of real system In order to solve the major problems facing the manual authenticating system, the developer would at least deliver the following as core functions of the system:

1. Users biometric database: This function will add/edit and store biometric details such as (thumb) biometric information of users. 2. Users authentication: This function will identify the user and grant access to their account. It will identify the person’s biometric details from database and authenticate respectively. However, in addition to the above mentioned core functions, if sufficient time and resources are available for the developer after having completed the core functions, the developer will also attempt to implement the following enhancement functions and special features, though these features are out of scope of the project. Enhancement Functions:


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 1. Designing full website for login using bio-metric. 2. Face recognizes system integrated with proposed system. Special Features: 1. Authenticate users while login 2. User really don’t need to remember there ID and Password while login into their accounts

The project will deliver the following as project deliverable: A biometric authentication system consisting at minimum the above mentioned core functions. Technical documentation and user manual of the system.

D.

Brief description of the resources needed by the proposal. (i.e. hardware, software, access to information / expertise, user involvement etc.) Hardware resources: A computer system with a J2EE Integrated Development Environment (NetBeans bundled with the application and database server would be sufficient) is required to design and develop the system. A biometric thumb reader will be required to test the biometric authentication function if this function is going to be implemented in the system. Technical requirements: Components Specifications COMPUTER Laptop – Sony vaio Backup - Lenovo Processor Minimum 2.1 GHz 32 bit Intel Core 2 Duo processor Recommended 2.4 GHz and above 32 bit and above Core 2 Duo , Core 2 Quad and later RAM 2 GB or more Hard Disk 110 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861

FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM 250 GB or less

Software resources Environments Specifications Visual studio 2010 HTML C# Asp.net Net Beans 06 ORACLE/ SQL 2010 User Involvement: Students University lecturers

E.

Academic research being carried out and other information, techniques being learnt. (i.e. what are the names of books you are going to read / data sets you are going to use) The project would require the developer to do research and strengthen the understanding on the following areas of knowledge, both domain and as well as technical research areas, without which the developer will not be able to deliver a good academic project. Domain Research: 1) Existing biometric systems will be analyzed and research in these field will be done. Technical Research: Thumb Recognition: Research is required on how thumb recognition function can be built into the system. Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS): Research on the different RDBMS is important to determine which database is most appropriate to be used in this particular scenario. Fault Tolerance: This area is important for research because this characteristic is of utmost importance due to the nature of the system (authenticating systems cannot tolerate any down time during its operation). System Development Methodologies: Research needs to be done to examine different system development methodologies and determine which methodology best suits this project. This might require the developer to combine tools and techniques used in different methodologies and to come up with a hybrid methodology. The following is an initial list of resources the developer plans to use to do research on the afore mentioned technical areas; 111 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861


Books: 1. Harry Henderson,1998. Systems Analysis and Design Methods. 4th ed. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2. Gosselin and Don , 2000 . ASP.NET programming with C# & SQL server. 3. C. J. Gahan , January 2004 . BT Technology Journal , Volume 22 Issue 1 . The Kluwer Academic Publishers 4. John Chirillo and Scott Blaul , April 2003.Implementing Biometric Security, 1 edition The Hungry Minds , Inc

Brief description of the development plan for the proposed project. F. (i.e. which software methodology and why, the major areas of functions to be developed and the order in which developed) Waterfall model has well-structured and clear cut stages. These stages can be completed step by step as top down approach. This gives a clear picture even for the novice developer as the stages are very straight forward, so the developer can plan in detail what activities to do at each stage in turn and even set a schedule to complete individual stages. Development activities cannot be carried out in parallel as the project will be done by one developer and therefore a step by step approach would be more appropriate. Biometric systems are very straight forward in terms of its functionality. Once the requirements are identified it can be frozen without any hassle therefore there is almost zero chance for a scope creep to happen due to the static nature of the system. Requirement Phase: In the analysis phase the developer will study the current system and define the requirements for the new system. The problems will be clearly defined and the deliverable at the end of this phase will be a requirement document. This stage includes a detailed study of the business needs of the aviation. The developer will make a set of interview questionnaires which is required to be filled by the client. The focus of the questionnaire is to understand the business processes, the activities and also to investigate the problems in the current system.

Design Phase: The input for the design phase is the requirement document resulting from the requirements phase. During this phase the developer will select the algorithms and data structures will be chosen. The internal data flows will also be determined. The developer might decompose the system into modules and design these modules with well-defined interfaces to other modules. The developer might use object-oriented design techniques. The deliverables of this stage will be the architectural design and detailed design documents. 112 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861


Implementation Phase: The input to this stage is the design documents produced during the design phase. In this phase the developer will code the various component modules according to the design documents.

Brief description of the evaluation and test plan for the proposed project. G. (i.e. what is the success criteria and how will be evaluated & implementation will be tested, indicate the estimated size of the demonstration/test database)

The functions/features will be tested by using dummy data on testing simulators. The project will be considered as successful if the test results for the core functions show success status in all types of tests that are performed. After the implementation of the system, it will be tested by the users .

Comments: A basic idea of the proposed project is clear. Can continue with the research and development.



16.1 Log Sheets Meeting: 1


FINGERPRINT WEB AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM Meeting: 2









16.2 Ethics Form 119 IVNEET SINGH –TP023861

Final Fyp Print

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