UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA DE LA SELVA SELVA FACULTAD DE RECURSO NATURALES RENOVABLES INGENIERÍA EN CONSERVACIÓN CONSERVACIÓN DE SUELO Y AGUA
Practica Título: FACTORES UE AFECTAN LOS LÍ!ITES DE ATTERBERG
ALU!NOS
:
ESPINOZA ESPIRITU, ESPI RITU, GUSTAVO GUSTAVO
DOCENTE
:
Ing. LEVANO
CURSO
:
MECANICA DE SUELOS
Ti"#o !aría $ P%r& '()* + I
I,
INTRODUCCION
Atterberg (1911) rea!"# $na %er!e &e e'er!ent*% +*n %$e*% !n*% -a+!en&* ar!ar %$ +*nten!&* &e -$e&a&, +*n e *b/et!* &e en+*ntrar a rea+!#n 0$e e'!%te entre e +*nten!&* &e -$e&a& a +*n%!%ten+!a &e %$e*. E%te !ne%t!ga&*r *b%er# 0$e ara +!ert*% +*nten!&*% &e -$e&a& e %$e* re%entaba $n* &e *% +$atr* e%ta&*% &!%t!nt*% &e +*n%!%ten+!a, 0$e %*n2 %#!&*, %e!%#!&*, 3%t!+* 40$!&*. P*%ter!*rente Ter"ag-!
Ca%agran&e !&ear*n
5t*&*%
ara
&eter!nar e%t*% +*nten!&*% &e -$e&a& e%e+4!+*% ara *% &!%t!nt*% e%ta&*% &e +*n%!%ten+!a, &e%+r!t*% en a n*ra ASTM D678 D67:1;, en a a+t$a!&a& a e%t*% +*nten!&*% &e -$e&a& e%e+!ae% %e *% +*n*+e +** 4!te% &e Atterberg * &e +*n%!%ten+!a. P$e&e -abar%e &e *% 4!te% &e Atterberg en %$e*% 0$e t!enen $n taa<* &e art4+$a% 0$e a%an *r e ta!" Nr*. 7=. Para $n ba/* +*nten!&* &e -$e&a& e %$e* ten&r3 $na +*n%!%ten+!a %#!&a a %e!%#!&a, a e&!&a 0$e %e a !n+reentan&* e +*nten!&* &e -$e&a& e %$e* r*gre%!aente t*ar3 $na +*n%!%ten+!a 3%t!+a !naente ara $n +*nten!&* &e -$e&a& $ at* e %$e* ten&r3 $na +*n%!%ten+!a 40$!&a. La %!g$!ente !g$ra $e%tra a% &!erente% +*n%!%ten+!a% &e %$e* en $n+!#n a !n+reent* &e +*nten!&* &e -$e&a&. L*% 4!te% &e Atterberg %*n +*nten!&*% &e -$e&a& e%e+4!+*% en *% +$ae% e %$e* %e en+$entra en etaa &e tran%!+!#n, &e $n e%ta&* &e $na +*n%!%ten+!a a *tr*.
II,
II,),
REVISION DE LITERATURA
Co"t%"i-o -% Arcilla C** a a%t!+!&a& e% $n+!#n &e a% ra++!*ne% 3% !na% &e %$e*,
*% &!%t!nt*% %$e*% ten&r3n &!erente a%t!+!&a& &e a+$er&* +*n a +ant!&a& &e ar+!a 0$e +*ntengan. Atterberg *b%er# 0$e $n !n+reent* en e *r+enta/e &e ar+!a r*&$+e $n a$ent* en ab*% 4!te% &e a%t!+!&a& en a e%+aa &e -$e&a& +*n%e+$ente a$ent* en e n>er* &e a%t!+!&a&. En a !g$ra 1 (b) %e *b%era 0$e e +*nten!&* &e -$e&a& en e 4!te !ner!*r &e a%t!+!&a& %e $ee !geraente en*r en a e&!&a 0$e e +*nten!&* &e ar+!a &e+re+e. ?a $n n*t*r!* ee+t* a &e+re+er e +*nten!&* &e ar+!a e% e 0$e %e an!!e%ta en a r3!&a &!%!n$+!#n &e 4!te %$er!*r &e a%t!+!&a& a +*n%!g$!ente &!%!n$+!#n &e n>er* &e a%t!+!&a&. Se ne+e%!ta $n a*r +*nten!&* &e -$e&a& ara *btener a%t!+!&a& en $n %$e* +*n at* +*nten!&* &e ar+!a 0$e en *tr* +*n en*% +*nten!&* &e ar+!a .
Figura 1. Factores que afectan a los a) Efecto del tamaño de las partículas b) efecto del contenido c) efecto de la materia org%nica.
límites (según
de Atterberg: Wite! 1"#")$ de arcilla$
R$%%e !n*r#
0$e
n>er* a%t!+!&a& $n+!#n !nea &e +*nten!&* &e ar+!a (art4+$a% en*re% &e @ ).
e &e
e%
$na
E%ta rea+!#n e% e're%a&a *r2 NP B =.C 6 18, &*n&e2 NP2 N>er* &e a%t!+!&a& C2 P*r+enta/e &e +*nten!&* &e ar+!a. S$e*% 0$e +*ntengan en*% &e 8= &e art4+$a% en*re% &e @ , generaente n* $e%tran a%t!+!&a&. E%ta rea+!#n e% e're%a&a *r2 NP B =.C 6 18, &*n&e2 NP2 N>er* &e a%t!+!&a& C2 P*r+enta/e &e +*nten!&* &e ar+!a. S$e*% 0$e +*ntengan en*% &e 8= &e art4+$a% en*re% &e @ , generaente n* $e%tran a%t!+!&a&. Se
-an
en+*ntra&* re%$ta&*% %!!are%
en %$e*% %!nt5t!+*%
traba/an&* +*n art4+$a% en*re% &e 1 2 NP B =.C 6 1=. En e%te +a%*, %$e*% +*n en*% &e 1@ &e ar+!a n* &e%arr*an a%t!+!&a&. C$a0$!er +ab!* ar+a&* en a *ra &e a% art4+$a%, ae+ta e%ta% rea+!*ne%.
II,',
Natural%.a -% lo/ !i"%ral%/ -%l Su%lo Atterberg !ne%t!g# en 0$5 agn!t$& *% &!erente% !nerae% &e *%
+$ae% &er!an *% %$e*% ae+tan a a%t!+!&a&. S$% e%t$&!*% $e%tran 0$e %*aente *% !nerae% 0$e t!enen $na e%tr$+t$ra a!nar, $e%tran a%t!+!&a& +$an&* %*n $er!"a&*%. C$ar"* e&e%at*%, n* t!enen e%tr$+t$ra a!nar *r * tant* n* &e%arr*an a%t!+!&a&. Ta+*, $%+*!ta, b!*t!ta *tr*% !nerae% +$a% art!!+!ae% t!enen *ra a!nar re%entan a%t!+!&a&. E%ta% &!eren+!a% %*n atr!b$!&a% a a a*r %$er!+!e e !n+reent* &e a% %$er!+!e% &e +*nta+t* en a% art4+$a% a!nare%. A$n0$e en rea!&a& %*n *+*% *% %$e*% 0$e +*nt!enen %$!+!ente% +ant!&a&e%
&e
!nerae%
r!ar!*%
+**
ara
ae+tar
a
a%t!+!&a&
+*n%!&erabeente, e -e+-* &e 0$e a% art4+$a% !nerae% %e+$n&ar!a% t!enen e%tr$+t$ra a!nar %!!ar a *% !nerae% atr3% en+!*na&*%, a$&an a e'!+ar a a%t!+!&a& &e *% %$e*%.
En ag$n*% +a%*% a re%en+!a &e !+a en a ra++!#n !* $e&e +a$%ar a%t!+!&a&e% 3% ata% 0$e a 0$e %*n &e e%erar &eb!&* a +*nten!&* &e ar+!a %*aente.
II,0,
!i"%ral%/ -% Arcilla S*n
r*&$+t*
r!n+!aente
&e
a
ete*r!"a+!#n
0$4!+a
&e%+**%!+!#n &e e&e%at*% +** *rt*+a%a ag!*+a%a, ag$na% !+a%. S*n &e taa<* re&$+!&* *ra aana&a. La +ae &e ag$na &e a% r*!e&a&e% &e *% %$e*% ar+!*%*%, tae% +** a%t!+!&a&, +*re%!b!!&a& e *ten+!a &e e'an%!#n+*ntra++!#n, %e +entra en a e%tr$+t$ra &e *% !nerae% ar+!*%*%. ?a tre% gr$*% r!n+!ae% &e !nerae% ar+!*%*%2 •
Ca*!n!ta%2
(!n+$en
+a*!n!ta,
&!+F!ta
na+r!ta)
*ra&a
*r
a
&e%+**%!+!#n &e a *rt*+a%a e&e%3t!+a (e.g. en e gran!t*) e +a*!n e% e r!n+!a +*n%t!t$ente &e a Ar+!a &e C-!na a Ar+!a &e Ha. •
I!ta%2 (!n+$en !!ta ga$+*n!ta) %*n *% !nerae% &e ar+!a 3% +*$ne% *ra&*% *r a &e%+**%!+!#n &e ag$na% !+a% e&e%at*% re&*!nante% en ar+!a% ar!na% %-ae% (e.g. Ar+!a &e L*n&re%, Ar+!a% &e O'*r&).
•
M*nt*r!*n!ta%2 (tab!5n aa&a% e%e+t!ta%) (!n+$en *t*r!*n!ta% +3+!+a %#&!+a, bent*n!ta er!+$!ta) *ra&a% *r a atera+!#n &e r*+a% 4gnea% b3%!+a% 0$e +*nt!enen %!!+at*% r!+*% en Ca Mg *% &5b!e% ena+e% &e *% +at!*ne% (e.g. Na, Ca) re%$tan !n eea&* *ten+!a &e e'an%!#n+*ntra++!#n.
II,1,
Co23o/ici4" uí2ica -%l Coloi-% La% r*!e&a&e% 4%!+*60$4!+a% &e a ar+!a ar4an +*n a rea+!#n
%4!+e%e%0$!#'!&*%. La +aa+!&a& &e a&%*r+!#n &e a %$er!+!e +**!&a ara *% +at!*ne% a% *5+$a% &e ag$a &e+re+e +$an&* a rea+!#n %e $ee en*r. E !%* ee+t* %e an!!e%ta en a% +*n%tante% &e Atterberg. L*% %$e*% +*n ba/a rea+!#n %4!+e%e%0$!#'!&*% %e $een 3%t!+*% +*n
$n
+*nten!&*
&e
-$e&a&
en*r
0$e
*%
%$e*%
+*n
rea+!#n
%4!+e%e%0$!#'!&*% 3% ata%. Ab*% 4!te%, ara rea+!*ne% ata% * ba/a%, a$entan * &!%!n$en en a !%a r**r+!#n, %e &e&$+e ent*n+e% 0$e e n>er* &e a%t!+!&a& %er3 ar*'!a&aente e !%* * n* %$r!r3 ar!a+!#n ara &!+-a% rea+!*ne%. De%&e 0$e e ag$a a&%*rb!&a a +ant!&a& &e -$e&a& re0$er!&a ara r*&$+!r $n ! e% en*r en %$e*% &e ba/a rea+!#n %4!+e%e%0$!#'!&*%, e% e!&ente 0$e e 4!te !ner!*r &e a%t!+!&a& %er3 en*r ara e%t*% %$e*%. Una e" 0$e %$!+!ente% e4+$a% %e *ran ara &e%arr*ar ee+t* 3%t!+*, a +ant!&a& &e ag$a ne+e%ar!a ara a$entar*% -a%ta e $nt* en 0$e $e, &een&e &e n>er* &e e4+$a%, e%te n>er* n* e% e !%* ara ab*% t!*% &e %$e*%. E%t* !n&!+a 0$e *% !nerae% +a*!n4t!+*% %e $een 3%t!+*% +*n +*nten!&*% &e -$e&a& en*re% 0$e *% t!*% *nt*r!*n4t!+*%. Se &eber4a tener en +$enta 0$e e%te arg$ent* $e&e &e%tr$!r%e en a% er&a&era% ater!ta% &*n&e gran&e% +ant!&a&e% &e #'!&*% Je A e%t3n re%ente% .
II,*,
Co"t%"i-o -% !at%ria Or#5"ica La ater!a *rg3n!+a e/er+e $n ee+t* !ntere%ante %*bre a a%t!+!&a&
&e %$e*. Me&!&a% &e a% +*n%tante% &e a%t!+!&a& &e &!erente% %$e*%, $%$aente $e%tran 0$e *% 4!te% &e a%t!+!&a& en *% -*r!"*nte% %$er!+!ae% %*n 3% at*% en a e%+aa &e -$e&a& 0$e *% &e *% -*r!"*nte% !ner!*re%.
E%te ee+t* e%t3 aarenteente a%*+!a&* +*n a re%en+!a &e ater!a *rg3n!+a en e -*r!"*nte %$er!+!a. La *'!&a+!#n &e a ater!a *rg3n!+a +*n e ag$a +a$%a $n &e%+en%* &e ab*% 4!te% (e% &e+!r %e $ee 3%t!+* +*n en*% ag$a). E %$e* I en a !g$ra 1, +*n $n +*nten!&* &e ater!a *rg3n!+a &e :,@, %e $ee 3%t!+* a $na -$e&a& &e :.@. La re*+!#n &e a ater!a *rg3n!+a ba/a e%te 4!te a 19.; &e -$e&a&. A&e3%, e %$e* *'!&a&* $e a
[email protected] &e -$e&a&, !entra% 0$e e %$e* +*n ater!a *rg3n!+a e% a>n r!abe -a%ta $n +*nten!&* &e :.@ &e -$e&a&. E n>er* &e a%t!+!&a& n* -a %!&* +ab!a&* *r a *'!&a+!#n &e a ater!a *rg3n!+a. La *'!&a+!#n nat$ra &e a ater!a *rg3n!+a en e +a* r*&$+e ee+t*% %!!are% a a *'!&a+!#n art!!+!a en ab*rat*r!*. La +a$%a &e &e%+en%* &e *% 4!te% &e a%t!+!&a& %*bre a e%+aa &e -$e&a& (en *% *'!&a&*%) %!n $n ee+t* reaente %!gn!!+at!* %*bre e n>er* &e a%t!+!&a&, e% ere+taente +*ren%!be %*bre a ba%e &e a te*r4a &e a e4+$a &e ag$a. La ater!a *rg3n!+a t!ene $na ata +aa+!&a& &e ab%*r+!#n &e ag$a. La -!&rata+!#n &e a ater!a *rg3n!+a &ebe %er %$!+!enteente +*eta ante% 0$e %$!+!ente ag$a %ea &!%*n!be ara *rar $na e4+$a are&e&*r &e a% art4+$a% !nerae%. En +*n%e+$en+!a, e 4!te !ner!*r &e a%t!+!&a& *+$rre a $n +*nten!&* reat!aente at* &e -$e&a&. De%$5% 0$e a% e4+$a% e%t3n *ra&a%, r3+t!+aente t*&a e ag$a a&!+!*na $n+!*na %*aente ara a$entar*% -a%ta 0$e %e r*&$"+a e $/*. La re%en+!a &e ater!a *rg3n!+a t!ene e0$e<* ee+t* %*bre e%te t!* &e ag$a ent*n+e% n* !n$e %*bre e n>er* &e a%t!+!&a&. La re%en+!a &e ater!a *rg3n!+a e't!en&e a "*na &e r!ab!!&a& -a%ta $n a*r +*nten!&* &e -$e&a& .
II,6,
Pro3i%-a-%/ -% lo/ 2i"%ral%/ -% arcilla A a*r +ant!&a& &e !nerae% ar+!*%*% en e %$e*, a*r e% a
a%t!+!&a&,
a%4
+**
a
+*re%!b!!&a&
a
+*-e%!#n,
!entra%
0$e
a ereab!!&a& e 3ng$* &e r!++!#n !ntern* &!%!n$en. E +**rta!ent* &e a% art4+$a% &e ar+!a e%t3 $erteente !n$!&* *r a% $er"a% &e %$er!+!e, a 0$e a tratar%e &e gran*% $ !n*% a %$er!+!e e%e+4!+a (Se) a+an"a a*re% &e +*n%!&era+!#n a% $er"a% ee+tr*e%t3t!+a% &e%arr*a&a% en a %$er!+!e +*bran reean+!a. E ag$a e% $erteente atra4&a *r a %$er!+!e &e *% !nerae% &e ar+!a &an&* +** re%$ta&* a a%t!+!&a&, !entra% 0$e en a% art4+$a% n* ar+!*%a% a %$er!+!e e%e+4!+a e% $+-* en*r -a en*r a!n!&a& +*n e ag$a, +*n * +$a n* %e &e%arr*a $na a%t!+!&a& %!gn!!+at!a. Tant* e 4!te 40$!&* +** e 4!te 3%t!+* ara +$a0$!era &e *% !nerae% ar+!*%*% $e&en ar!ar &entr* &e $n a!* rang*. Para +$a0$!er !nera &e ar+!a, e rang* &e a*re% &e 4!te 40$!&* e% a*r 0$e e rang* &e a*re% &e 4!te 3%t!+*. La ar!a+!#n en e 4!te 40$!&* entre *% &!erente% gr$*% &e ar+!a% e% $+-* a*r 0$e a ar!a+!#n en *% 4!te% 3%t!+*%. E t!* &e +at!#n a&%*rb!&* t!ene a*r !n$en+!a en !nerae% &e ata a%t!+!&a& (*nt*r!*n!ta) 0$e en !nerae% &e ba/a a%t!+!&a& (+a*!n!ta). E !n+reent* &e a aen+!a &e +at!#n -a+e &!%!n$!r e a*r &e 4!te 40$!&* &e a% ar+!a% e'an%!a%, er* t!en&e a a$entar *% a*re% &e 4!te 40$!&* &e *% !nerae% n* e'an%!*%. La -a*!%!ta -!&rata&a t!ene $n at* 4!te 3%t!+* *+* -ab!t$a !entra% 0$e t!ene $n 4n&!+e &e a%t!+!&a& ba/*.
E'!%te $na gran ar!a+!#n entre *% 4!te% &e Atterberg &e $n !%* !nera ar+!*%* a>n +*n e !%* +at!#n &e +ab!*. Gran arte &e e%a &!eren+!a -a 0$e atr!b$!ra a taa<* &e a% art4+$a% a a ere++!#n &e *% +r!%tae%2 +$ant* 3% e0$e
II,7,
P%#a8o/i-a- 9 Pla/tici-a- -% Su%lo/ Arcillo/o/ La a%t!+!&a& e% a +aa+!&a& &e $n ater!a &e e'er!entar
&e*ra+!*ne% !rreer%!be% %!n r*er%e %e re%enta en a a*r arte &e %$e*% ar+!*%*% +*n -$e&a& !ntere&!a. S! %e %e+a $n b*0$e &e ar+!a 3%t!+a, !er&e %$ a%t!+!&a& %e +*n!erte en $n %#!&* r3g! +*n $na re%!%ten+!a +*n%!&erabe 0$e re%$ta &e a ega/*%!&a&, entre art4+$a% &e ar+!a. S!n ebarg*, %! e b*0$e %e &e%+**ne en art4+$a% 0$e * +*n%t!t$en, a ega/*%!&a& %e !er&e e ater!a %e +*n!erte en $n ** %e+*. A e"+ar n$eaente e ** 0$e re%$ta +*n $na +ant!&a& &e ag$a a&e+$a&a, reaare+er3n a% r*!e&a&e% &e ega/*%!&a& a%t!+!&a&. E%te ee+t* n* %e +*n%!g$e %! a e"+a %e -a+e +*n tetra+*r$r* &e +arb*n* +** $!&* !nter%t!+!a, e +$a e% $n +*$e%t* +$a% *5+$a% n* %*n &!*are% n* %e !*n!"an. E ag$a !nter%t!+!a e% * 0$e 3% +*ntr!b$e a &e%arr** &e a ega/*%!&a& a a%t!+!&a&. S!n ebarg*, a anera e'a+ta +** e%ta +*ntr!b$e n* %e +*n*+e +*etaente. La ega/*%!&a& %e atr!b$e r!n+!aente a a atra++!#n entre art4+$a% r*&$+!&a *r a% $er"a% &e Van &er Kaa ($er"a% &e atra++!#n &e +*rt* a+an+e entre *5+$a% a&a+ente% &eb!&a% a a !ntera++!#n &e *% +a*% e5+tr!+*% 0$e %e generan are&e&*r &e a% *5+$a% *r *% ee+tr*ne% 0$e g!ran are&e&*r &e *% n>+e*% at#!+*%), a a a!n!&a& *r +!ert*% +at!*ne% en e ag$a !nter%t!+!a a ag$na% $n!*ne% b*r&e 6 +ara entre *% b*r&e% &e $na% art4+$a% +*n $na ba/a +*n+entra+!#n &e +arga% *%!t!a% a% +ara% &e *tra% art4+$a% +*n %$ +arga %$er!+!a negat!a. La a%t!+!&a& %e atr!b$e a a &e*ra+!#n &e a% +aa% &e ag$a a&%*rb!&a. A$n0$e e%te ag$a e% $erteente atra4&a *r a% art4+$a% &e !nera &e ar+!a, a% *5+$a% &e ag$a a&%*rb!&a $e&en *er%e +*n reat!a a+!!&a& a * arg* &e a %$er!+!e &e a% art4+$a%. P*r * tant*, +$an&* a% art4+$a% &e ar+!a %e +*r!en, a +aa &e ag$a a&%*rb!&a ataente !%+*%a %e &e*ra +*n
ea%t!+!&a& en tant* 0$e a% art4+$a% %$ren $n &e%a"a!ent* reat!* $na% +*n re%e+t* a a% *tra%. E &e%arr** &e a +aa &e ag$a a&%*rb!&a are&e&*r &e a% art4+$a% &e !nera ar+!*%* &een&e &e a +aa+!&a& &e !nera &e ar+!a ara atraer !*ne% !nter+ab!abe% a%4 ne$tra!"ar a +arga negat!a. La +aa+!&a& ara ab%*rber !*ne% %e e're%a +$ant!tat!aente en t5r!n*% &e a +aa+!&a& &e !nter+ab!* !#n!+* *r $n!&a& &e a%a &e ar+!a %e+a. E%ta +ara+ter4%t!+a %e rea+!*na n* %** +*n a &e!+!en+!a &e +arga &e a% art4+$a% !nerae%, %!n* tab!5n +*n e 3rea t*ta &e a %$er!+!e &e a% art4+$a% *r $n!&a& &e a%a *r tant* e taa<* &e a% art4+$a% !nerae%. A +*n%!&erar a +a*!n!ta, a !!ta a *nt*r!*n!ta en e%e *r&en, a +aa+!&a& &e !nter+ab!* !#n!+* a$enta a !g$a 0$e a r**r+!#n &e ag$a a&%*rb!&a en a %$er!+!e &e a% art4+$a% en +*n%e+$en+!a -a $n !n+reent* &e a a%t!+!&a& a a+t!!&a&. A e%+aa a+r*%+#!+a %e re%enta $n !n+reent* &e a +*re%!b!!&a& $na &!%!n$+!#n &e 3ng$* &e r!++!#n.
II,,
Pla/tici-aLa a%t!+!&a& &e $n %$e* %e &ebe a %$ +*nten!&* &e art4+$a% 3%
!na% &e *ra a!nar, 0$e e/er+e gran !n$en+!a en a +*re%!b!!&a& &e %$e* !entra% e e0$e<* taa<* &e tae% art4+$a% -a+e 0$e a ereab!!&a& &e +*n/$nt* %ea ba/a. La a%t!+!&a& $e&e e%t$&!ar%e +*n ba%e en +$ra% e%$er"* 6 &e*ra+!#n &e *% ater!ae%, +$a *ra &een&e &e a% +ara+ter4%t!+a% &e ater!a. Para e%$er"*% ba/*% a rea+!#n e%$er"* 6 &e*ra+!#n e% reer%!be (+**rta!ent*
e3%t!+*),
ara
e%$er"*%
a*re%
e%
!rreer%!be
(+**rta!ent* 3%t!+*).La &!%t!n+!#n entre e +**rta!ent* e3%t!+* 3%t!+* +*ren&e &*% a%e+t*%2
1. In$en+!a &e a -!%t*r!a &e e%$er"*%. 8. Ra"#n &e ar!a+!#n a+t$a &e e%*% e%$er"*%. E r!er* %e rea+!*na +*n &*% +ara+ter4%t!+a% * $nt*% &e $en+!a (&e ten%!#n +*re%!#n), *%tran&* e ater!a +**rta!ent* e3%t!+* !entra% e e%$er"* a+t$a %e antenga entre e%*% 4!te% a r!n+!!* tae% +ara+ter4%t!+a% %*n ar*'!a&aente !g$ae% en e +a%* &e ater!a ere+taente 3%t!+*, erane+en +*n%tante%. Para ater!ae% &*n&e -a en&$re+!!ent* *r &e*ra+!#n r*gre%!a, *% a*re% &e e%*% 4!te% &een&en &e a -!%t*r!a &e e%$er"*%. En a !g$ra 1 %e $e%tran a% +$ra% rea e !&ea!"a&a &e a rea+!#n e%$er"* 6 &e*ra+!#n &e $na ar+!a %$ae &$rante %$ !ntera* 3%t!+*.
J!g$ra 1. Gr3!+a% Rea e I&ea!"a&a &e $na Ar+!a en %$ E%ta&* P3%t!+*. Pa%t!+!&a&2 Pr*!e&a& &e $n ater!a *r a +$a e% +aa" &e %**rtar &e*ra+!*ne% r3!&a%, %!n reb*te e3%t!+*, %!n ar!a+!#n *$5tr!+a are+!abe %!n &e%*r*nar%e n! agr!etar%e. La a%t!+!&a& &e *% %$e*% %e &ebe a a +arga e5+tr!+a &e a% art4+$a% a!nare% 0$e generan +a*% 0$e a+t>an +** +*n&en%a&*re% e !n$en en a% *5+$a% b!*are% &e ag$a. En %$e*% 3%t!+*% e e%e%*r &e e%ta% +aa% &e ag$a %#!&a !%+*%a !n$!&a%, e% gran&e %$ ee+t* en a !ntera++!#n &e a% art4+$a% &e %$e* &eter!na %$ a%t!+!&a&.
III,
CONCLUSION
La a%t!+!&a& &e $n %$e* &een&e, n* &e *% eeent*% gr$e%*% 0$e +*nt!enen, %!n* >n!+aente &e %$% eeent*% !n*% ee an3!%!% gran$*5tr!+* n* er!te are+!ar e%ta +ara+ter4%t!+a, -ab!en&* &e re+$rr!r a 5t*&* &e%+r!t* *r e %$e+* Atterberg. E%te 5t*&* +*n%!%te en &e!n!r *% !!te% ,aa&*% 4!te% &e Atterberg, %*n 2%*n e 4!te &e !0$!&e"(LL),e 4!te &e a%t!+!&a&(LP) e 4!te &e retra++!#n (LR). La &eter!na+!#n &e e%t*% 4!te% %e rea!"a %*aente %*bre eeent*% !n*% 0$e a%an *r $n ta!" &e aa +$a&ra&a &e =.@,%eg>n a% n*ra% ran+e%a%(ta!" n8),* &e =.78,%eg>n n*ra% USA &e *% &e3% a4%e% 0$e eean a% e&!&a% br!t3n!+a%, e%t*% n* %*n, $e% a*re% rere%entat!*% &e +*n/$nt* &e %$e*% ara are+!ar t*&a a% +ara+ter4%t!+a% &e e%te ,-ab4a 0$e tener en +$enta a r**r+!#n &e eeent*% !n*% gr$e%*% 0$e +*nt!ene
IV,
REFERENCIA BIBLIOGRAFICA
;ua" ;o/< Sa". Lla"o =)>7*?@ MECANICA DE SUELOS6Re$n!#n &e •
!ngen!er*% E&!t*re% t5+n!+*% a%*+!a&*% S.A Har+e*na 88@. -tt2$+**n%.$+.e&$+b!t%trea8=99.1:8;8@@:9:6@.&
