Experimental Physics for jee mains and jee advanced

Experimental Physics Science is all about experiments, all the hypothesis become a law only if they are justified experimentally. Experimentation involves lots of terms like accuracy, precision precision etc. and all the observations and corresponding values obtained are merely approximate, however th e level of approximation depends upon the appartus. In this unit we will explore all about errors and then and then move on to another powerful tool called dimensional analysis. while closing the hapter we look at few experiment that are used to determine few physical quantities.

Conversion Table Length:  in ! ".#$ cm  m ! %&.%'  ft ! %&.%' in. ! %."( ft " in !  ft % ft !  yd  yd ! ).&$$ m  km ! ).*" mi  mi ! .*)& km  mi ! #"() ft 

! )+)m

 m ! )+* ml ! ) $  light+year ! &.$* x ) #

Area  m" ! )$ cm" ! ).'* ft "  ft" ! ).)&"& m " ! $$ in. "  in." ! *.$#" cm "

Volume  m% ! )* cm% ! *.)" x ) $ in.%  ft% ! '"( in.% ! ".(% x ) +" m%  liter ! ))) cm % ! .)#'* qt ! ).)%#% ft %  ft% ! '.$( gal ! "(.%" liters ! ".(%" x ) +" m%  gal ! %.'(* liters ! "( in. %

Mass ))) kg !  tmetric ton slug ! $.#& kg  u ! .** x ) +"' kg

Force   ! )# dyne ! ).""$( Ib  Ib ! $.$$(   dyne ! )+# ! "."$( x ) +* Ib

Velocity  mi/h ! .$' ft/s ! ).$$' m/s ! .* km/h  m/s ! )) cm/s ! %."( ft/s  mi/min ! *) mi/h ! (( ft/s

Acceleration  m/s" ! %."( ft/s " ! )) cm/s "  ft/s" ! ).%)$( m/s" ! %).$( cm/s"

Pressure  bar ! ) # /m" ! $.#) Ib/in. "  atm ! '*) mm 0g ! '*.) cm 0g  atm ! $.' Ib/in. " ! .)% x ) # /m"  1a !  /m " ! .$# x ) +$ Ib/in."

Time  year ! %*# days ! %.* x )'s  dy ! "$ h ! .$$ x )% min ! (.*$ x ) $ s

Energy  2 ! ).'%( ft.Ib ! ) ' ergs  cal ! $.(* 2  3tu ! "#" cal ! .)#$ x ) % 2  e4 ! .* x )+& 2 &%.# 5e4 is equivalent to  u  k6h ! %.*) x ) * 2

Power  hp ! ##) ft. Ib/s ! ).'$* k6  6 !  2/s ! ).'%( ft.Ib/s  3tu/h )."&% 6

Physical uantities:! 7ll the quantities by means of which we describe the laws of ature and which can be measured are called physical quantities. 8hey are classified in to two parts9+

"a# Fun$amental physical uantity:! It is an elementary physical :uanti ty, which doesnot require any other physical quantity to express it. It is also known as basic physical quantity. 8hey are length, mass , time, temperature, Electric current, ;uminous intensity and amount of substance. "b# %erive$ physical &uantity: 7ll those physical quantities, which can be derived from the combination of t wo or more fundamental quantities or derived quantities. example velocity, density, force , energy etc.

'()T*: 8o measure a physical :uantity we require a standard of that physical quantity. 8his standard is called unit of that physical :uantity.

%umb uestion: 7re units absolute things<

Ans:! =nits are comperative when we mention any measurement, we actually give the comparitivity value of the quantity with respect to same internayionally fixed standard.

Fun$amental 'nits:! 8he units of fundamental physical quantities are called fundamental units9 S. o.

>undamental 1hysical :ty.

=nits

Symbol

. ". %. $. #. *. '.

;ength 5ass 8ime Electric ?urrent ;uminous Intensity 8emperature 7mount of Substance

metre kilogram second ampere canadela kelvin mole

m @g s 7 ?d @ mol